Anatomy and Physiology Finals Chapter Quiz Heart, Blood Vessela and Circulation, and Respiratory System

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINALS CHAPTER QUIZ
HEART, BLOOD VESSELA AND CIRCULATION, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1) All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT

A) generation of blood pressure.
B) ensuring one-way flow of blood.
C) generation of the formed elements of the blood.
D) regulation rate and force of blood delivery.
E) distribution of oxygenated blood to tissues.
Answer: C
Section: 12.01 Functions of the Heart
Topic: General functions of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.01A List the major functions of the heart.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K01.01 Describe the major functions of the cardiovascular system.
2) Which of these statements concerning the form and location of the heart is correct?
A) The apex is the most superior part of the heart.
B) The apex is directed to the left, and deep to the 5th intercostal space.
C) The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior.
D) The most superior part of the heart is deep to the 12th intercostal space.
E) Both "The apex is the most superior part of the heart." and "The base of the heart is directed inferior
and slightly posterior." are correct.
Answer: B
Section: 12.02 Size, Form, and Location of the Heart
Topic: Gross Anatomy of the Heart
Learning Outcome: 12.02A Describe the size, shape, and location of the heart, and explain why knowing
its location is important.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.01 Describe the position of the heart in the thoracic cavity.
3) The pericardium, or pericardial sac,

A) is a double-layered, closed structure.
B) anchors the heart in the mediastinum.
C) has a tough, fibrous, connective tissue outer layer.
D) has an inner layer of squamous epithelial cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Section: 12.03 Anatomy of the Heart
Learning Outcome: 12.03A Describe the structure of the pericardium.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.05 Describe the layers of the pericardium and the location of the
pericardial cavity.
4) The serous pericardium just internal to the fibrous pericardium is called the
A) visceral pericardium.
B) epicardium.
C) parietal pericardium.
D) parietal pleura.
E) Both "visceral pericardium" and "epicardium" are correct.
Answer: C
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.03A Describe the structure of the pericardium.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.05 Describe the layers of the pericardium and the location of the
pericardial cavity.
5) The blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart tissue itself are the
A) pulmonary veins.
B) coronary arteries.
C) coronary sinuses.
D) pulmonary trunks.
E) venae cavae.
Answer: B
Topic: Coronary blood circulation
Learning Outcome: 12.03B Give the location and function of the coronary arteries.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.08 Identify the right and left coronary arteries and their branches, the
cardiac veins, and the coronary sinus.
6) Which of these statements about the coronary arteries is true?

A) The left coronary artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart and most of the left ventricle.
B) The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle.
C) Blood flow through the coronary arteries is greatest during ventricular diastole (relaxation).
D) A heart attack occurs if a coronary artery is blocked.
Answer: E

7) Coronary arteries may become blocked
A) by a thrombus, producing a coronary thrombosis.
B) and cause the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
C) as the direct result of angina pectoris.
D) as the direct result of an infarct (area of tissue death) in the heart.
Answer: A
8) The right atrium

A) is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.
B) prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.
C) prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
D) prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
E) prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 12.03C Describe the chambers of the heart.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.03 Identify and describe the function of the primary internal structures of
the heart, including chambers, septa, valves, papillary muscles, chordae tendineae, and venous and arterial
openings.
9) A large groove that runs around the heart, and separates the atria from the ventricles, is the
A) anterior interventricular septum.
B) posterior interventricular septum.
C) coronary sinus.
D) coronary sulcus.
E) cardiac fissure.
Answer: D
HAPS Learning Outcome: K06.02 On the external heart identify the location of the four chambers as
well as the coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus.
10) The atria of the heart

A) are separated from each other by the interventricular septum.
B) function primarily as reservoirs for blood collection.
C) function primarily as the pumps of the heart.
D) receive blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Answer: B
openings.
11) In a stenosed valve,

A) a swishing sound occurs immediately after the valve closes.
B) the opening is narrowed.
C) the valve does not close completely.
D) blood is leaking through the closed valve.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 12.03D Name the valves of the heart, and state their locations and functions.
openings.

12) Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
A) Tricuspid valve
B) Bicuspid (mitral) valve
C) Aortic semilunar valve
D) Pulmonary semilunar valve
E) Interventricular septum
Answer: A
openings.
13) The bicuspid (mitral) valve
Answer: C
openings.

14) The aortic semilunar valve
Answer: E
openings.
15) The pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer: D
openings.

16) The tricuspid valve
Answer: B
openings.
17) Melinda suffers from stenosis of the aortic semilunar valve. This increases the rigidity of the valve,
making it difficult for it to open. This increases the ________, therefore ________ the cardiac output.
A) afterload; decreasing
B) afterload; increasing
C) preload; decreasing
D) preload; increasing
E) venous return; decreasing
Answer: A
Section: 12.06 Cardiac Cycle
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.06A Describe the cardiac cycle and the relationships among the contraction of
each of the chambers, the pressure in each of the chambers, the phases of the electrocardiogram, and the
heart sounds.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K11.01C With respect to cardiac output (CO): Predict how changes in heart
rate (HR) and/or stroke volume (SV) will affect cardiac output.

18) Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart?
A) Superior vena cava
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary vein
E) Coronary sinus
Answer: C
Topic: Blood flow through the heart
Learning Outcome: 12.03E Describe the flow of blood through the heart, and name each of the chambers
and structures through which the blood passes.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K08.01 Identify the major blood vessels entering and leaving the heart and
classify them as either an artery or a vein and as containing either oxygen rich or oxygen poor blood.
19) Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct?
A) Blood flows from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
B) Blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium.
C) Blood flows from the aorta to all parts of the body.
D) Blood flows from the coronary sinus to the right atrium.
E) Neither ""Blood flows from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium."" and ""Blood flows from the
coronary sinus to the right atrium."" is correct.
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: K08.01 Identify the major blood vessels entering and leaving the heart and
classify them as either an artery or a vein and as containing either oxygen rich or oxygen poor blood.

20) In a normal heart, when the right ventricle contracts, it forces blood through the ________ valve.
A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) aortic semilunar
D) pulmonary semilunar
Answer: D
HAPS Learning Outcome: K08.02 Describe blood flow through heart naming all chambers and valves
passed.
21) Functions of the peripheral circulation include all of the following EXCEPT
A) carrying blood to the tissues.
B) exchanging waste products and nutrients.
C) transporting hormones and components of the immune system.
D) pumping blood into the arteries.
E) directing blood flow to areas of increased need.
Answer: D
Section: 13.01 Functions of the Circulatory System
Learning Outcome: 13.01A List the functions of the circulatory system.
22) The systemic vessels

A) transport blood through all parts of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium.
B) supply oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body.
C) carry away carbon dioxide and waste from all cells of the body.
D) are part of the peripheral circulation.
Answer: E
Section: 13.01 Functions of the Circulatory System
Learning Outcome: 13.01A List the functions of the circulatory system.
23) Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery?

A) The ascending aorta
B) The coronary arteries
C) The right internal thoracic artery
D) The parietal arteries
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Section: 13.02 General Features of Blood Vessel Structure
Topic: Anatomy and functional roles of blood vessel types
Learning Outcome: 13.02A Describe the structure and function of arteries, capillaries, and veins.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.02A With respect to arteries and veins: List the types of arteries and
veins.
24) Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery?

A) The ascending aorta
B) The pulmonary trunk
C) The aortic arch
D) The superior mesenteric
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: D
veins.
25) The arteries with walls that are mostly smooth muscle are
A) medium-size (distributing) arteries.
B) elastic arteries.
C) arterioles.
D) capillaries.
Answer: A
veins.
26) Which of these arteries are able to actively dilate and constrict?
A) Elastic arteries
B) Medium-size (distributing) arteries
C) Arterioles
D) Small arteries
E) Answers "Elastic arteries" and "Medium-size (distributing) arteries" and "Arterioles" and "Small
arteries" are correct.
Answer: E
Bloom's: 3. Apply
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.02B With respect to arteries and veins: Correlate the anatomical structure
of each type of blood vessel with its function.
27) Arteries
A) carry only oxygenated blood.
B) carry blood away from the heart.
C) have valves.
D) serve as a blood reservoir.
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.02B With respect to arteries and veins: Correlate the anatomical structure
of each type of blood vessel with its function.
28) Valves
A) are found in veins less than 2 mm in diameter.
B) consist of folds in the tunica adventitia.
C) are found more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins.
D) allow blood to flow only toward the heart.
E) Both "are found more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins" and "allow blood to flow only
toward the heart" are correct.
Answer: A
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.01 Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins and arterioles
and venules.; K12.02A With respect to arteries and veins: List the types of arteries and veins.; K12.02B
With respect to arteries and veins: Correlate the anatomical structure of each type of blood vessel with its
function.
29) Concerning blood vessel walls,
A) the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue.
B) the tunica intima is smooth muscle.
C) the tunica media is an endothelial layer.
D) the walls of arteries are thinner and contain less elastic tissue than veins.
E) capillaries have the thickest walls of all the blood vessels.
Answer: A
and venules.
30) Concerning blood vessel walls,

A) the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue.
B) the tunica intima is smooth muscle.
C) the tunica media is an endothelial layer.
D) the walls of arteries are thinner and contain less elastic tissue than veins.
E) capillaries have the thickest walls of all the blood vessels.
Answer: A
and venules.

31) Capillaries
A) have a lot of smooth muscle in their walls.
B) are a location of gas and nutrient exchange.
C) are more numerous in such tissues as bone and dense connective tissue.
D) experience very high internal pressures.
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.04A With respect to capillaries: Explain how the composition of
capillary walls differs from that of other blood vessels.; K12.04C With respect to capillaries: Correlate the
anatomical structure of capillaries with their functions.
32) Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by

A) one-way valves in the veins.
B) precapillary sphincters.
C) skeletal muscle contraction.
D) elastic valves.
E) the tunica intima.
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.04C With respect to capillaries: Correlate the anatomical structure of
capillaries with their functions.
33) If blood flow to the left atrium is blocked, in which blood vessel would the obstruction most likely be
found?
A) Superior vena cava
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Pulmonary trunk
D) Pulmonary vein
E) Coronary sinus
Answer: C
Section: 13.03 Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation
Topic: Coronary blood circulation; Pulmonary blood circulation
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 13.03A Describe the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K12.07 Identify the major arteries and veins.
34) Which of the following blood vessels is part of the pulmonary circulation and carries oxygen-poor
blood?
A) Pulmonary arteries
B) Pulmonary trunk
C) Aorta
D) Superior vena cava
E) Coronary sinus
Answer: B
Section: 13.03 Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation
Topic: Pulmonary blood circulation
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 13.03A Describe the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation.
HAPS Learning Outcome: K13.01a With respect to the systemic and pulmonary circuits: State which
blood vessel type carry oxygen rich blood and which type carries oxygen poor blood in each circuit.
35) Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

A) Regulation of blood pH
B) Gas exchange
C) Olfaction
D) Delivery of oxygen to the tissues of the body
E) Voice production
Answer: D
Section: 15.01 Functions of the Respiratory System
Topic: General functions of the respiratory system
Learning Outcome: 15.01A Describe the functions of the respiratory system.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M01.01 Describe the major functions of the respiratory system.
36) Respiration ensures that ________ enters the body and that ________ exits the body.
A) oxygen; water
B) oxygen; carbon dioxide
C) carbon dioxide; oxygen
D) carbon dioxide; water
Answer: B
Section: 15.01 Functions of the Respiratory System
Topic: General functions of the respiratory system
Learning Outcome: 15.01A Describe the functions of the respiratory system.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M01.01 Describe the major functions of the respiratory system.
37) The ________ is the entrance of the respiratory tract.

A) nose
B) oral cavity
C) pharynx
D) trachea
Answer: A
Section: 15.02 Anatomy of the Respiratory System
Topic: Gross anatomy of upper respiratory tract
Learning Outcome: 15.02A Describe the anatomy of the respiratory passages, beginning at the nose and
ending with the alveoli.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M02.03 List, in order, the respiratory structures that air passes through during
inspiration.

38) The ________ is the common passageway for the respiratory and digestive systems.
A) oral cavity
B) pharynx
C) larynx
D) esophagus
Answer: B
inspiration.
39) The larynx is the air passageway between the ________ and the ________.
A) oral cavity; trachea
B) pharynx; lungs
C) pharynx; trachea
D) nasal cavity; trachea
Answer: C
inspiration.
40) The ________ is a membranous tube reinforced by C-shaped cartilage; it is attached to the larynx and
extends into the mediastinum.
A) trachea
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) laryngopharynx
Answer: A
inspiration.

41) The ________ are branched from the trachea that insert into the lungs.
A) alveoli
B) pharynx
C) esophagus
D) primary bronchi
Answer: D
inspiration.

Answer: A
Bloom's: 3. Apply
inspiration.
42 The ________ is composed of the alveolar wall and the walls of surrounding capillaries.
A) respiratory membrane
B) mucosa
C) pleura
D) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 15.02B Describe the structure of the lungs, and define respiratory membrane.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M02.06A For each of the following respiratory (nasal) mucosa, the layers of
the tracheal wall, the bronchi and bronchioles, the three cell types found in alveoli, and the respiratory
membrane.

43) During inspiration, the diaphragm ________, causing a(n) ________ in thoracic volume and a(n)
________ in alveolar pressure.
A) contracts; increase; decrease
B) contracts; decrease; increase
C) relaxes; increase; decrease
D) relaxes; decrease; increase
Answer: A
Section: 15.03 Ventilation and Respiratory Volumes
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Learning Outcome: 15.03A Explain how contraction of the muscles of respiration causes changes in
thoracic volume during quiet breathing and during labored breathing.; 15.03B Describe the changes in
alveolar pressure that are responsible for moving air into and out of the lungs.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.01 Define pulmonary ventilation, inspiration, and expiration.; M03.02
Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced
exhalation, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.
44) During inspiration, the diaphragm ________, causing a(n) ________ in thoracic volume and a(n)
________ in alveolar pressure.
A) contracts; increase; decrease
B) contracts; decrease; increase
C) relaxes; increase; decrease
D) relaxes; decrease; increase
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 15.03A Explain how contraction of the muscles of respiration causes changes in
thoracic volume during quiet breathing and during labored breathing.; 15.03B Describe the changes in
alveolar pressure that are responsible for moving air into and out of the lungs.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.01 Define pulmonary ventilation, inspiration, and expiration.; M03.02
Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced
exhalation, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.

45) ________ is a substance secreted by cells of the alveoli that reduces surface tension of the fluid
around the alveoli, preventing collapse of the alveoli.
A) Surfactant
B) Mucus
C) Pleural fluid
D) Both "surfactant" and "pleural fluid" are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 15.03C Explain how surfactant and pleural pressure prevent the lungs from
collapsing and how changes in pleural pressure cause alveolar volume to change.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.06a Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation:
bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary
surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
46) Which of the following ensures that pleural pressure is lower than alveolar pressure?
A) Surfactant
B) Fluid removal by the lymphatic tissue
C) Relaxation of the muscle of respiration
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that
normally oppose or prevent collapse.
47) ________ is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath.
A) Expiratory reserve volume
B) Inspiratory reserve volume
C) Residual volume
D) Tidal volume
Answer: D
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Learning Outcome: 15.03D List the respiratory volumes and capacities, and define each of them.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes
(IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
48) Lee is completing a respiratory physiology lab activity. Using a simple spirometer, he needs to
measure his vital capacity. Which of the following techniques would be best to complete the exercise?
A) Lee should complete one normal respiratory cycle (inhale and exhale) and then immediately exhale as
much as possible through the spirometer.
B) Lee should take a deep breath and then exhale through the spirometer until he can no longer exhale.
C) Lee should inhale normally and then exhale normally through the spirometer.
D) Lee cannot measure vital capacity using a spirometer.
Answer: B
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 15.03D List the respiratory volumes and capacities, and define each of them.
HAPS Learning Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes
(IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
49) ________ is a substance secreted by cells of the alveoli that reduces surface tension of the fluid
around the alveoli, preventing collapse of the alveoli.
A) Surfactant
B) Mucus
C) Pleural fluid
D) Both "surfactant" and "pleural fluid" are correct.
Answer: A
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.06a Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation:
bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary
surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
50) Which of the following ensures that pleural pressure is lower than alveolar pressure?
A) Surfactant
B) Fluid removal by the lymphatic tissue
C) Relaxation of the muscle of respiration
Answer: B
HAPS Learning Outcome: M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that
normally oppose or prevent collapse.

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Anatomy and Physiology Finals Chapter Quiz Heart, Blood Vessela and Circulation, and Respiratory System

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FINALS CHAPTER QUIZ

HEART, BLOOD VESSELA AND CIRCULATION, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

1) All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT

3) The pericardium, or pericardial sac,

6) Which of these statements about the coronary arteries is true?

8) The right atrium

10) The atria of the heart

11) In a stenosed valve,

15) The pulmonary semilunar valve

22) The systemic vessels

23) Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery?

24) Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery?

30) Concerning blood vessel walls,

32) Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by

35) Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

37) The ________ is the entrance of the respiratory tract.

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