Electromagnetic Flow Meter

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Website: www.felixmeter.com Tel: +86 1517812373 E-mail: felixmeters@gmail.com

目录
Introduction:.............................................................................................................................................. 3
Structure：................................................................................................................................................ 3
Magnetic circuit system:............................................................................................................................ 4
Measuring tube:.........................................................................................................................................4
Electrode:................................................................................................................................................... 4
Shell:...........................................................................................................................................................4
Converter:.................................................................................................................................................. 4
Features：..................................................................................................................................................5
Selection of caliber and range：............................................................................................................... 5
Lining selection:......................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Natural rubber (soft rubber).................................................................................................................. 6
2. Acid-resistant rubber (hard rubber)...................................................................................................... 6
3. Neoprene............................................................................................................................................... 6
4. Polyurethane..........................................................................................................................................6
1. Excellent wear resistance.......................................................................................................................6
2. Poor acid and alkali resistance...............................................................................................................6
5. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)..............................................................................................................6
Code selection:...........................................................................................................................................6
1. Understand the process parameters..................................................................................................... 6
2. Preliminary selection..............................................................................................................................7
3. Understand user requirements..............................................................................................................7
Flow Range Table:...................................................................................................................................... 8
Model Selection Code:............................................................................................................................... 9
Parameters:..............................................................................................................................................10
Installation:.............................................................................................................................................. 10
1. Requirements for the external environment.......................................................................................11
1. 2. Pipeline electromagnetic flow meter...............................................................................................12
Precautions:............................................................................................................................................. 12
Maintenance:........................................................................................................................................... 13
Common malfunctions:............................................................................................................................14
Operational malfunctions:....................................................................................................................... 15
1. Inner wall adhesion layer..................................................................................................................... 15
2. Lightning strike.....................................................................................................................................15
3. Changes in environmental conditions................................................................................................. 16

Introduction:
The electromagnetic flow meter is a testing instrument that performs flow measurement
according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. According to Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction, in a uniform magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity of B, a
non-magnetic pipe with an inner diameter of D is placed perpendicular to the direction of the
magnetic field. When the conductive liquid flows in the pipe at a flow rate v, the conductive fluid
cuts the magnetic lines of force. Installing a pair of electrodes on the pipe section perpendicular
to the diameter of the magnetic field can prove that as long as the flow velocity distribution in
the pipe is an axisymmetric distribution, an induced electromotive force is generated between
the two electrodes:
e=KBDv
In the formula, v is the average flow velocity on the pipe section, and k is the instrument constant.
From this, the volume flow of the pipeline can be obtained as:
qv = πeD/4KB
It can be seen from the above formula that the volume flow qv has a linear relationship with the
induced electromotive force e and the inner diameter of the measuring tube D, is inversely
proportional to the magnetic induction intensity B of the magnetic field, and has nothing to do
with other physical parameters. This is the measuring principle of electromagnetic flow meter.
The following conditions are required for the formula “qv = πeD/4KB” to be fully established:
① The magnetic field is a uniformly distributed constant magnetic field;
②Axisymmetric distribution of the flow velocity of the measured fluid;
③The liquid to be tested is non-magnetic;
④The conductivity of the tested liquid is uniform and isotropic.
The advantage of the electromagnetic flow meter is that the pressure loss is extremely small and
the measurable flow range is large. The ratio of the maximum flow rate to the minimum flow rate
is generally above 20:1. The applicable industrial pipe diameter range is wide, up to 3m. The
output signal is linear with the measured flow rate, and the accuracy is high. It can measure the
conductivity ≥5μs/cm. Fluid flow of acid, alkali, salt solution, water, sewage, corrosive liquid and
mud, mineral pulp, paper pulp, etc. But it cannot measure the flow of gas, steam and pure water.
When a conductor cuts the lines of magnetic force in a magnetic field, an induced electric
potential will be generated in the conductor. The magnitude of the induced electric potential is
proportional to the effective length of the conductor in the magnetic field and the speed at which
the conductor moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. In
the same way, when the conductive fluid flows in the vertical direction in the magnetic field to
cut the magnetic induction force lines, it will also generate an induced electric potential on the
electrodes on both sides of the pipeline..
Structure：
The structure of electromagnetic flow meter is mainly composed of magnetic circuit system,
measuring catheter, electrode, shell, lining and converter.

Magnetic circuit system:
Its function is to produce a uniform DC or AC magnetic field. The DC magnetic circuit is realized
by permanent magnets. Its advantage is that the structure is relatively simple and the
interference from the AC magnetic field is small, but it is easy to polarize the electrolyte liquid
passing through the measurement catheter, so that the positive electrode is surrounded by
negative ions, and the negative electrode is surrounded by positive ions. Enclosure is the
polarization phenomenon of the electrodes and causes the internal resistance between the two
electrodes to increase, which seriously affects the normal operation of the meter. When the
diameter of the pipe is large, the permanent magnet is correspondingly large, heavy and
uneconomical. Therefore, the electromagnetic flow meter generally uses an alternating magnetic
field and is excited by a 50HZ or 60HZ power frequency power supply.
Measuring tube:
Its function is to let the measured conductive liquid pass through. In order to make the magnetic
flux shunt or short-circuit when the magnetic field lines pass through the measuring tube, the
measuring tube must be made of non-magnetic, low electrical conductivity, low thermal
conductivity and a certain mechanical strength material, and non-magnetic stainless steel, glass
steel, high strength can be selected. Plastic, aluminum, etc.
Electrode:
Its function is to draw out an induced electric potential signal proportional to the measured.
Electrodes are generally made of non-magnetic stainless steel and are required to be flush with
the lining so that the passage of fluid is not obstructed. Its installation position should be in the
vertical direction of the pipeline to prevent sediment from accumulating on it and affecting the
measurement accuracy.
Shell:
It is made of ferromagnetic material. It is the outer cover of the excitation coil of the distribution
system and isolates the interference of the external magnetic field.
Lining: There is a complete electrical insulating lining on the inner side of the measuring pipe and
the flange sealing surface. It directly contacts the liquid to be measured, and its function is to
increase the corrosion resistance of the measuring tube and prevent the induced potential from
being short-circuited by the wall of the metal measuring tube. The lining materials are mostly
corrosion-resistant, high-temperature and wear-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene plastics,
ceramics, etc.
Converter:
The induced potential signal generated by the liquid flow is very weak and is greatly affected by
various interference factors. The role of the converter is to amplify and convert the induced
potential signal into a unified standard signal and suppress the main interference signal. Its task is
to amplify and convert the induced potential signal Ex detected by the electrode into a unified
standard DC signal.

Features：
1. The measurement is not affected by changes in fluid density, viscosity, temperature, pressure
and conductivity;
2. There are no obstructive flow parts in the measuring pipe, no pressure loss, and lower
requirements for straight pipe sections. It has unique adaptability to slurry measurement;
3. Reasonably choose the sensor lining and electrode materials, that is, it has good corrosion
resistance and abrasion resistance;
4. The converter adopts a novel excitation method with low power consumption, stable zero
point and high accuracy. The flow range can reach 150:1;
5. The converter and the sensor can be integrated or separated;
6. The converter adopts 16-bit high-performance microprocessor, 2x16LCD display, convenient
parameter setting and reliable programming;
7. The flow meter is a two-way measurement system with three totalizers: forward total, reverse
total and difference total; it can display positive and negative flow, and has multiple outputs:
current, pulse, digital communication , HART;
8. The converter adopts surface mount technology (SMT), with self-check and self-diagnosis
functions;
9. The measurement accuracy is not affected by changes in fluid density, viscosity, temperature,
pressure and conductivity. The sensor induced voltage signal has a linear relationship with the
average flow rate, so the measurement accuracy is high.
10. There are no obstructions in the measuring pipeline, so there is no additional pressure loss;
there are no moving parts in the measuring pipeline, so the sensor has an extremely long life.
11. Since the induced voltage signal is formed in the entire space filled with magnetic field, it is
the average value of the pipe surface, so the straight pipe section required by the sensor is
shorter, and the length is 5 times the pipe diameter.
12. The converter adopts the latest and most advanced single-chip microcomputer (MCU) and
surface mount technology (SMT) in the world, with reliable performance, high precision, low
power consumption, stable zero point and convenient parameter setting. Click on the Chinese
display LCD to display cumulative flow, instantaneous flow, flow rate, flow percentage, etc.
13. Two-way measuring system, which can measure forward flow and reverse flow. Special
production technology and high-quality materials are used to ensure that the performance of the
product remains stable for a long time.
Selection of caliber and range：

The diameter of the transmitter is usually the same as the piping system. If the share channel
system needs to be designed, the diameter can be selected according to the flow range and flow
velocity. For electromagnetic flow meters, the flow velocity is more suitable to be 2-4m/s. In
special cases, if there are solid particles in the liquid, taking into account the abrasion, the usual
flow velocity ≤3m/s can be selected. For the fluid that is easy to attach to the pipe wall, the flow
velocity ≤2m/s can be selected. After we know the flow velocity, we can choose diameter
according to below formula:

The range of the transmitter can be selected according to two principles: one is that the full scale
of the instrument is greater than the expected maximum flow value, and the other is that the
normal flow value is greater than 50% of the full scale of the instrument to ensure a certain
measurement accuracy.
Lining selection:
The lining material should be selected according to the corrosiveness, abrasiveness and
temperature of the measured medium:
1. Natural rubber (soft rubber)
1. Better elasticity, wear resistance and tearing force
2. Resistant to general weak acid and weak alkali corrosion
3. Measure water and sewage
2. Acid-resistant rubber (hard rubber)
It can withstand the corrosion of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, ammonia, phosphoric
acid and 50% sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide at room temperature, but it is
not resistant to the corrosion of strong oxidants
Test general acid, alkali, salt solution
3. Neoprene
1. Excellent elasticity, high breaking force, good wear resistance
2. It is resistant to the corrosion of low-concentration acid, alkali and salt solution, but not
resistant to the corrosion of oxidizing media.
<80℃;
Measuring water, sewage, mud and ore slurry
4. Polyurethane
1. Excellent wear resistance
2. Poor acid and alkali resistance
<40℃
Measure neutral and strong abrasion coal slurry, mud and ore slurry
5. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
1. Resistance to boiling hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, concentrated alkali
and various organic solvents
2. Good wear resistance and poor bonding performance
-80～+180℃;
Measure concentration, strong corrosive solution of concentrated alkali and sanitary medium
Code selection:
1. Understand the process parameters
(1) Know the name of the tested liquid (provided by the user)
(2) Know the maximum flow rate, common flow rate and minimum flow rate of the liquid to be

tested (provided by the user)
(3) Understand the process pipe diameter (provided by the user)
(4) Know the temperature of the medium (provided by the user)
(5) Understand the medium pressure (provided by the user)
(6) Know the conductivity of the measured fluid (provided by the user)
(7) Understand whether there is negative pressure (provided by the user)
2. Preliminary selection
(1) According to the name and nature of the measured medium, determine whether to use an
electromagnetic flow meter (determined by the salesman)
Note: The electromagnetic flow meter can only measure the flow of conductive liquids, and gas,
oil and most organic liquids are not examples of general conductive liquids.
(2) Determine the electrode material according to the learned properties of the substrate
Note: The company generally provides four types of electrodes, such as stainless steel, Hastelloy,
titanium and tantalum. Which electrode should be selected according to the nature of the
medium, please refer to the relevant information manual
(2) Determine whether to use rubber or PTFE lining according to the learned medium
temperature (determined by the salesperson)
Note: The temperature resistance of rubber shall not exceed 80C;
PTFE temperature resistance 150C, instantaneous resistance 180C;
Urban sewage generally can use rubber lining and stainless steel electrodes
(3) According to the learned medium pressure, choose the flange specification of the meter body
(determined by the salesperson)
Note: The electromagnetic flange specification is usually when the caliber is from DN10 to 250,
the rated pressure of the flange is ≤1.6Mpa;
When the caliber is DN250-1000, the rated pressure of the flange is ≤1.0Mpa;
When the actual pressure of the medium is higher than the corresponding range of pipe
diameter-pressure, it is a special order, but the maximum pressure shall not exceed 6.4Mpa
(4) Determine the conductivity of the medium
Note: (1) The conductivity of the electromagnetic flow meter shall not be lower than 5uS/cm
(2) The conductivity of tap water is about tens to hundreds of uS/cm. Generally, boiler soft water
(deionized water) conducts electricity, while pure water (highly distilled water) does not conduct
electricity.
(3) The electrical conductivity of gas, oil and most organic liquids is much lower than 5uS/cm, so
they are not conductive.
3. Understand user requirements
(1) Understand whether it is a combined local display or a split remote display (provided by user)
Note: Please understand the maximum distance when displaying the split remote transmission,
the maximum separation distance is 100 meters
(2) Know if other additional functions are needed (provided by the user)
Note: 1. The electromagnetic flow meter itself has the functions of upper and lower limit flow
alarm, frequency and current output, no special order is required
2. There are two types of electromagnetic flow meter casing sealing protection grades: IP65 and
IP68. When the submersible type IP68 is selected, it is a special order.
3. When the electromagnetic flow meter is to be connected to the computer, the RS-485

communication port needs to be added, which is a special order
4. Model selection: After passing the above steps, the model and specifications of the
electromagnetic flow meter can be finally determined.
Flow Range Table:
size Flow Range & Velocity
mm 0.1m/s 0.2m/s 0.5m/s 1m/s 4m/s 10m/s 12m/s 15m/s
3 0.003 0.005 0.013 0.025 0.102 0.254 0.305 0.382
6 0.01 0.020 0.051 0.102 0.407 1.017 1.221 1.526
10 0.028 0.057 0.141 0.283 1.13 2.826 3.391 4.239
15 0.064 0.127 0.318 0.636 2.543 6.359 7.63 9.538
20 0.113 0.226 0.565 1.13 4.522 11.304 13.56 16.956
25 0.177 0.353 0.883 1.766 7.065 17.663 21.2 26.494
32 0.289 0.579 1.447 2.894 11.575 28.938 34.73 43.407
40 0.452 0.904 2.261 4.522 18.086 45.216 54.26 67.824
50 0.707 1.413 3.533 7.065 28.26 70.65 84.78 105.98
65 1.19 2.39 5.97 11.94 47.76 119.4 143.3 179.1
80 1.81 3.62 9.04 18.09 72.35 180.86 217 271.3
100 2.83 5.65 14.13 28.26 113.04 282.6 339.1 423.9
125 4.42 8.83 22.08 44.16 176.63 441.56 529.9 662.34
150 6.36 12.72 31.79 63.59 254.34 635.85 763 953.78
200 11.3 22.61 56.52 113.04 452.16 1130.4 1356 1696
250 17.66 35.33 88.31 176.53 706.5 1766.25 2120 2649
300 25.43 50.87 127.2 254.36 1017 2543.4 3052 3815
350 34.62 69.24 173.1 346.19 1385 3461.85 4154 5193
400 45 90 226.1 452 1809 4522 5426 6782
450 57 114 286.1 572 2289 5723 6867 8584
500 71 141 353.3 707 2826 7065 8478 10598
600 102 203 508.7 1017 4069 10174 12208 15260
700 138 277 692.4 1385 5539 13847 16617 20771
800 181 362 904.3 1809 7235 18086 21704 27130
900 229 458 1145 2289 9156 22891 27469 34336
1000 283 565 1413 2826 11304 28260 33912 42390
1200 407 814 2035 4069 16278 40694 48833 61042
1400 554 1108 2769 5539 22156 55390 66468 83084
1600 723 1447 3617 7235 28938 72346 86815 108518
1800 916 1831 4578 9156 36625 91562 109875 137344
2000 1130 2261 5652 11304 45216 113040 135648 169560
2200 1368 2736 6839 13678 54711 136778 164134 205168
2400 1628 3256 8139 16278 65111 162778 195333 244166
2600 1910 3821 9552 19104 76415 191038 229245 286556
2800 2216 4431 11078 22156 88623 221558 265870 332338
3000 2543 5087 12717 25434 101736 254340 308208 381510

Model Selection Code:

Parameters:
Diameter DN3~DN3000mm
Working Pressure 0.6~42MPa
Accuracy ±0.2~±0.5%
Liner Neoprene, Rubber, Hard Rubber, Polyurethane, PTFE, PFA, FEP
Electrode SUS316L, HC, HB, Ti, Ta, Platinium-iridium
Structure Integral, Remote, Submersible, Explosion-Proof
Medium Temperature -20~60 degC (Integral)
-10~80 degC (Remote Type with Rubber Series Liner)
-10~160 degC (Remote Type with PTFE Series Liner)
Flow Velocity 0.1~15 m/s (Suggest 0.5~15 m/s)
Enclosure IP65, IP67, IP68
Connection Flange, Thread, Wafer, Tri-Clamp, Union, Hose
Output Signal 4-20mA, Pulse, Frequency
Communication Modbus RTU RS485, HART
Power Supply AC85~250V
DC20~36V
DC12V
Battery 3.6V
Consumption ＜20W
Alarm High/Low Limit Alarm
Self-Diagnosis Empty Pipe, Exciting
Installation:
The electromagnetic flow meter is simply composed of a flow sensor transmitter. The installation
requirement of the electromagnetic flow meter is that it must be installed at the lowest point of
the pipeline or the vertical section of the pipeline, but it must be in the case of full pipe. The
straight pipe section requires the first 5D and then 3D, so as to ensure the electromagnetic flow
meter works well and has a good accuracy.
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The measurement principle of the electromagnetic flow meter does not depend on the
characteristics of the flow. If there is a certain amount of turbulence and eddies in the pipeline in
the non-measurement area (such as: elbow, tangential flow restriction or upstream half-open
shut-off valve), it will be measured Irrelevant. If there is a steady-state eddy current in the
measurement area, it will affect the stability and accuracy of the measurement. At this time,
some measures should be taken to stabilize the flow velocity distribution:
1. Increase the length of the front and rear straight pipe sections
2. Use a flow stabilizer
3. Reduce the cross section of the measuring point.
1. Requirements for the external environment
1.1. The flow meter should not be installed in places where the temperature changes greatly or is
subject to high-temperature radiation from the equipment. If it is necessary to install, it must be
insulated and ventilated.
1.2. The flow meter is best installed indoors. If it must be installed outdoors, it should be
protected from rain, flooded water and sun exposure, and moisture-proof and sun-proof
measures must be taken.
1.3. The flow meter should be avoided to be installed in an environment containing corrosive gas,
and ventilation measures must be provided when it is necessary to install it.
1.4. In order to facilitate installation, maintenance, and maintenance, ample installation space is
required around the flow meter.
1.5. The installation site of the flow meter should avoid magnetic fields and strong vibration
sources. If the pipeline vibrates greatly, there should be fixed pipeline supports on both sides of
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the flow meter.
1. 2. Pipeline electromagnetic flow meter
2.1. Requirements for straight sections
In order to improve the influence of eddy current and flow field distortion, there are certain
requirements for the length of the front and rear straight pipe sections of the flow meter
installation, otherwise it will affect the measurement accuracy (a rectifier can also be installed,
try to avoid installing after close to the regulating valve and half-open valve).
2.2. Requirements for process tubes
The flow meter has certain requirements for the upstream and downstream process pipes of the
installation point, otherwise the measurement accuracy will be affected.
a. The inner diameter of the upstream and downstream process pipes is the same as the inner
diameter of the sensor, and should meet: 0.98DN≤D≤1.05DN (where DN: sensor inner
diameter, D: process pipe inner diameter)
b. The process tube and the sensor must be concentric, and the coaxial deviation should not be
greater than 0.05DN
2.3. Bypass requirements
In order to facilitate the maintenance of the flow meter, it is best to install a bypass pipe for the
flow meter. In addition, if the flow meter needs to be cleaned and the flow cannot be stopped, a
bypass pipe must be installed.
a. Convenient flow meter maintenance
b. Must be installed for heavily polluted fluids
c. The fluid cannot be stopped and the flow meter needs to be cleaned
3. Plug-in electromagnetic flow meter installation requirements
3.1. Requirements for straight pipe sections
Inlet/outlet straight pipe section: inlet should be ≥10×DN; outlet should be ≥5×DN
3.2. Requirements for grounding point
In order to make the instrument work reliably and improve the measurement accuracy, it is not
interfered by the external parasitic potential. The sensor should have a good grounding, and the
grounding resistance should be less than 10. (If the metal pipe is well grounded, no special
grounding device is required) 3.3 Pair installation The location requirements are shown in the
figure
Insert the electromagnetic flow meter according to the different pipeline conditions on site. The
flow meter without ball valve should be installed on the pipeline without overwhelming (that is,
the flow meter without ball valve can be selected for installation without pressure), and a hole
should be opened in the pipeline. The diameter is 50, and the connecting welded pipe is ready to
be welded to the opening of the pipeline; for occasions that require continuous flow of loading
and unloading or do not allow medium to overflow, a ball valve must be installed, that is, a
plug-in electromagnetic flow meter with a ball valve structure is selected; a hole is made on the
pipeline Diameter 50, ready to weld the connecting welded pipe to the opening of the pipe.
Precautions:
1. Accuracy grade and function Select the instrument accuracy grade according to the
measurement requirements and use occasions to achieve economic and cost-effective. For
example, for trade settlement, product handover and energy metering, you should choose a
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higher accuracy level, such as 1.0, 0.5, or higher; for process control, choose different accuracy
levels according to the control requirements; some only It is to check the process flow and do not
need to do precise control and measurement. You can choose a slightly lower accuracy level, such
as 1.5, 2.5, or even 4.0. At this time, you can choose a cheap plug-in electromagnetic flow meter.
2. Measuring medium flow rate, instrument range and caliber. When measuring general medium,
the full-scale flow of electromagnetic flow meter can be selected within the range of measuring
medium flow rate 0.5-12m/s, and the range is relatively wide. The caliber of the selected
instrument is not necessarily the same as that of the process pipeline. It should be determined
whether the measurement flow range is within the flow rate range, that is, when the flow rate of
the pipeline is low and cannot meet the requirements of the flow meter or when the
measurement accuracy cannot be guaranteed at this flow rate, the meter needs to be reduced.
Caliber, thereby increasing the flow velocity in the tube, and obtaining satisfactory measurement
results.
3. Try to avoid ferromagnetic objects and equipment with strong electromagnetic fields to
prevent the magnetic field from affecting the working magnetic field and flow signal of the
sensor.
4. It should be installed in a dry and ventilated place as far as possible to avoid sun and rain. The
ambient temperature should be -20～+60℃, and the relative humidity should be less than 85%.
5. There should be ample space around the flow meter for easy inspection and maintenance.
Maintenance:
Only need to perform periodic visual inspection of the meter, check the surrounding environment
of the meter, sweep away dust and dirt, ensure that no water and other substances enter, check
whether the wiring is in good condition, and check whether there is a newly installed strong
electromagnetic field device near the meter or a newly installed wire across the meter. If the
measuring medium easily contaminates the electrode or deposits or scales in the wall of the
measuring tube, it should be cleaned and cleaned regularly.
Fault finding
When the flow meter is put into operation or it is found that the meter is not working properly
after a period of normal operation, the external conditions of the flow meter should be checked
first, such as whether the power supply is good, whether the pipeline is leaking or in a state of
partial pipe, whether there are bubbles in the pipeline, and whether the signal cable Damaged,
whether the output signal of the converter (that is, the input circuit of the rear instrument) is
open. Remember to dismantle and repair the flow meter blindly.
Sensor check
Test equipment: a 500MΩ insulation resistance tester and a multimeter.
Test steps:
(1) When the pipeline is full of medium, use a multimeter to measure the resistance between
terminals A, B and C. The resistance between A-C and B-C should be approximately equal. If the
difference is more than 1 time, it may be that the electrode is leaking, the outer wall of the
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measuring tube or the condensation water in the junction box may be adsorbed.
(2) When the lining is dry, use a MΩ meter to measure the insulation resistance between A-C
and B-C (should be greater than 200MΩ). Then use a multimeter to measure the resistance
between terminals A and B and the two electrodes in the measuring tube (should be in a
short-circuit connection state). If the insulation resistance is very small, it means the electrode is
leaking, and the entire flow
meter should be returned to the factory for repair. If the insulation has dropped but there is still
more than 50MΩ and the inspection result of step (1) is normal, it may be that the outer wall of
the measuring tube is damp, and a hot air blower can be used to dry the inside of the housing.
(3) Use a multimeter to measure the resistance between X and Y. If it exceeds 200Ω, the
excitation coil and its lead wires may be open or poorly connected. Remove the terminal board
and check.
(4) Check the insulation resistance between X, Y and C. It should be above 200MΩ. If it drops,
use hot air to dry the inside of the shell. In actual operation, the decrease of the insulation of the
coil will cause the measurement error to increase and the output signal of the instrument is
unstable.
(5) If it is determined that the sensor is faulty, please contact the manufacturer of the
electromagnetic flow meter. Generally, it cannot be solved on site and needs to be repaired by
us.
Converter check
If it is determined that the converter is faulty, if there is no problem after checking the external
cause, please contact us. We will generally adopt the method of replacing the circuit board.
Electrode check
1. Before using the electromagnetic flow meter, calibrate the electromagnetic flow meter with a
standard pH solution. After calibration and before operation, everyone must pay attention to
clean the electrode of the electromagnetic flow meter with distilled water first, and then clean
the electrode with the test solution again.
2. If the electromagnetic flow meter is not used, when removing the electrode of the
electromagnetic flow meter, everyone should be careful not to let the touch sensor of the
electrode collide with a hard object, otherwise as long as there is damage, it will affect the use of
the electrode.
3. After using the electromagnetic flow meter, you should put the electrode of the
electromagnetic flow meter on the sleeve, and put less saturated solution in it, as long as the
bulb of the electrode is moist, it is enough, but remember not to put it in distilled water soak.
4. Normally, keep the electrode clean, and don't let the output on both sides of it have a short
circuit, otherwise it will make the measurement inaccurate and affect the use of the
electromagnetic flow meter.
Common malfunctions:
1. No flow output. Check whether the power supply part is faulty, test whether the power supply
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voltage is normal; test whether the fuse is on or off; check whether the arrow of the sensor is
consistent with the flow of fluid, if not, change the sensor installation direction; check whether
the sensor is full of fluid, if not full of fluid, replace the pipe or install it vertically .
2. The signal is getting smaller or decreasing suddenly. Test whether the insulation between the
two electrodes is damaged or short-circuited. The resistance between the two electrodes is
normally between (70-100)Ω; dirt may be deposited on the inner wall of the measuring tube, so
the electrodes should be cleaned and wiped, and the inner lining should not be scratched.
Measure whether the lining of the pipe is damaged, if damaged, it should be replaced.
3. The zero point is unstable. Check whether the medium is full of the measuring tube and
whether there are bubbles in the medium. If there are bubbles, install a deaerator upstream. If
the installation is horizontal, it can be changed to a vertical installation. Check whether the
grounding of the meter is intact. Perform three-level grounding (grounding resistance≤100Ω);
check that the conductivity of the medium should not be less than 5μs/cm; check whether the
medium is deposited in the measuring tube, and be careful not to scratch the inner lining when
cleaning it.
4. The indicated flow rate does not match the actual value. Check whether the fluid in the sensor
is full of the pipe and whether there are bubbles. If there are bubbles, install a degasser upstream;
check whether the grounding conditions are good; check whether there is a valve upstream of
the flow meter, if so, move it downstream or make it fully open ; Check whether the converter
range setting is correct, if not, reset the correct range.
5. The indicated value fluctuates in a certain interval. Check whether the environmental
conditions have changed, such as new sources of interference and other magnetic sources or
vibrations that affect the normal operation of the meter, clear the interference or move the flow
meter in time; check the test signal cable, and use insulating tape for end treatment to make The
wires, the inner shielding layer, the outer shielding layer, and the shell are not in contact with
each other.
The fluid used to measure the flow of the electromagnetic flow meter must be conductive, so
non-conductive gas, steam, oil, propylene copper and other materials cannot be used to measure
the flow of the electromagnetic flow meter.
Operational malfunctions:
1. Inner wall adhesion layer
Since the electromagnetic flow meter has far more chances to measure the suspended solid
phase or dirty body than other flow meters, the probability of failure caused by the adhesion
layer on the inner wall is relatively high. If the conductivity of the adhesion layer is similar to that
of the liquid, the meter can still output signals normally, but change the flow area, forming a
hidden fault of measurement error; if it is a high conductivity adhesion layer, the electromotive
force between the electrodes will be short-circuited; if it is an insulating adhesion layer , The
electrode surface is insulated to disconnect the measuring circuit. The latter two phenomena will
make the meter unable to work.
2. Lightning strike
Lightning strikes induce instantaneous high voltage and surge current in the line, and entering the
meter will damage the meter. There are three ways to introduce lightning damage to the
15

instrument: the power line, the flow signal line between the sensor and the converter, and the
excitation line. However, from the analysis of the damaged parts in the lightning fault, most of
the induced high voltage and surge current that caused the fault are introduced from the power
line of the control room, and the other two ways are less. It is also learned from the scene of
lightning accident that not only the electromagnetic flow meter fails, but also other instruments
in the control room often have lightning accidents at the same time. Therefore, the user must
recognize the importance of setting up lightning protection facilities for the instrument power
line in the control room.
3. Changes in environmental conditions
The main reason is the same as that of the fault environment during the debugging period in the
previous section, except that the interference source does not appear during the debugging
period and intervenes during the operation period. For example, an electromagnetic flow meter
with unsatisfactory grounding protection. During the commissioning period, there is no source of
disturbance from the factory and the meter is operating normally. However, during the operation
period, a new source of interference (such as pipe welding near the measuring point or pipe
welding at a distance) interferes with the meter. Running, the output signal fluctuates greatly.
16

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