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Part 03-3
Bandwidth Efficient AM
d id h ffi i
2
Single‐sideband Suppressed
carrier (SSB‐SC) Modulation
3
SSB-SC: Principle (1)
Either USB or LSB is transmitted
Required BW: B Hz
Spectral efficiency (SE) is improved by 100%
Transmitter Side: M( f )
(Frequency Domain)
-B -B f
- fc fc f
- fc fc f
- fc - fc fc f
4
SSB-SC: Principle (2)
Receiver Side (Frequency Domain):
-ffc fc f
After the multiplication by the carrier
-2fc 2fc f
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SSB: Time Domain Representation (1)
Hilbert Transform: 1 x 1
xh t H xt
t t j sgn f
d x t * 1
t
X h f jX f sgn f H f X f
j 1.e j 2 , f 0
Thus, H f j sgn f
j
j 1.e 2 , f 0
|H (f)| θh (f)
f f
Thus, a Hilbert transformer is an ideal phase shifter that shifts the phase of every spectral
component by -π/2
Difficult to achieve such sharp change in phase response
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SSB: Time Domain Representation (2)
SSB:
M (f)
-B B f
M+ (f)
1
M f M f u f M f 1 sgn f
2
1
B f M f jM h f
2
M_ (f) 1
M f M f u f M f 1 sgn f
2
1
-B M f jM h f
f 2
Note : M h f jM f sgn f
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SSB: Time Domain Representation (3)
M- (f+fc) M+ (f-fc)
USB
-ffc fc f
M+ (f+fc) M- (f-fc)
LSB
-fc fc f
USB f M f f c M f f c
1
M f f c M f f c 1 M h f f c M h f f c
2 2j
Hence,
Similarly,
8
Generation of SSB-SC
Generation of SSB-SC:
1. Phase-shift method: requires ideal Hilbert phase shifter
Q SSB
Q. SSB-WC
WC can be detected using envelope detector
detector. How? Any pre-condition?
pre condition?
10
Comparison between AM, DSB-SC and SSB-SC
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Single‐Sideband With Carrier
Si l Sid b d i h i
(SSB+C) Modulation
(SSB+C) Modulation
12
SSB+C
SSB+C Signal:
Envelope detection:
Envelope:
From Taylor
y series expansion,
p
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QAM: Principle
SSB signals are difficult to generate
QAM is an attractive alternative to SSB
Two base band signals,
g each of bandwidth B Hz, are sent over the same band of
bandwidth 2B Hz (Modulation: DSB –SC)
The two carriers are of the same frequency with a phase difference of π/2
QAM is also known as quadrature multiplexing (QM)
Synchronous/
Coherent
detector
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QAM: Detection (1)
In-phase (I) Channel
x1 t 2QAM t cos c t 2m1 t cos c t m2 t sin c t cos c t
m1 t m1 t cos 2c t m2 t sin 2c t
Quadrature (Q) Channel
x2 t 2QAM t sin c t 2m1 t cos c t m2 t sin c t sin c t
m2 t m2 t cos 2c t m1 t sin 2c t
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QAM: Detection (2)
Impact of loss of synchronization
Loss of power
interference
18
VSB (1): Principle
SSB signals are difficult to generate and DSB requires twice the signal bandwidth
VSB is a compromise between DSB and SSB
VSB inherits the advantages of DSB and SSB, but avoids their disadvantages at a small cost
B d idth off VSB is
Bandwidth i littl
little (typically
(t i ll 25%) greater
t than
th SSB
VSB is also known as asymmetric sideband system
19
VSB(2): Generation and Detection
BPF LPF
Hi(f) Ho(f)
Hi(f) = Vestigial
shaping filter Synchronous
detection
Coherent detection:
1
Ho f , | f | B
H i f fc H i f fc
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VSB (3): Example
The carrier frequency is 20 kHz. Baseband signal bandwidth is 6 kHz. Hi(f) is
shown if fig (a). Determine H0(f). H f i
Solution: H i f fc H i f fc
Ho f
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VSB Application: Broadcast Television
Video signal:
large bandwidth (4.5 MHz) – DSB requires 9 MHz
contains significant low-frequency component – SSB is not feasible
The demodulation of the TV signal
g must be simple
p and cost effective – envelope
p detector is
preferred
So, VSB modulation with the carrier is chosen for TV broadcast
DSB Spectrum
Transmitted
Spectrum
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End of AM
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