REDOX

REACTIONS
CHAPTER 5
PUAN ROZAINA BINTI SALEH
UiTM CAWANGAN PERAK
KAMPUS TAPAH
LESSON OUTCOME

 Define redox reaction

 Determine the oxidation number of any element in a
compound
 Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in a redox
reactions
 Balancing redox equations in acidic and basic medium
 Identify characteristics and examples of redox reactions
WHY REDOX?

Combustion And Electrochemistry

Explosions And Batteries

Oxidation: Oxidized metal

Spoiling & Aging. Surface

3
 WHAT IS REDOX?
• A redox reaction is one involving both reduction and
oxidation.
• Oxidation :
Loss of electron(s) or increase in oxidation number
• Reduction :
Gain of electron(s) or decrease in oxidation
number

4
HALF REACTIONS
• Half equations are ionic equations to describe either the gain or
the loss of electrons during a redox reactions

•Example:
Electron loss (oxidation) : Zn (s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e
Electron gain (reduction) : Cu2+ (aq) + 2e → Cu (s)

Full equation : Zn (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu (s)

5
 CALCULATING
OXIDATION NUMBER
OXIDATION NUMBER

• Each atom in a molecule (or ionic compound) is

assigned an oxidation number or oxidation states

• Oxidation number, signifies the number of charges

the atom would have in a molecule(ionic compound) if
electrons were transferred completely.
EXERCISE

• Find the oxidation number of C in Na2CO3

• Find the oxidation number of Mn in MnO4-

EXERCISE
Identify the oxidation numbers of all the atoms
in HCO3− ?
EXERCISE
DEFINITION OF
REDOX
 REDOX

ELECTRON OXYGEN HYDROGEN

TRANSFER TRANSFER TRANSFER
ELECTRON TRANSFER
OXIDATION REDUCTION
Loss of electrons by a Gain of electrons by a
substance substance

Increase in oxidation Decrease in oxidation

number number
OXYGEN TRANSFER

• Iron (III) oxide is reduced

• Carbon monoxide is oxidized
 OXIDATION REDUCTION

Gain oxygen Loss oxygen

Reducing agent Oxidizing agent

HYDROGEN TRANSFER

OXIDATION REDUCTION

Loss of hydrogen Gain of hydrogen

OXIDIZING & REDUCING AGENT

• Reducing agent
The species which is being oxidized itself (electron donor)

• Oxidizing agent
The species which is being reduced (electron acceptor)
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
EXERCISE
BALANCING REDOX
EQUATIONS
BALANCING REDOX EQUATIONS

• Some equations for oxidation-reduction reactions can

be easily balanced by inspection

• However, it is often easier to balance the oxidation-

reduction reactions by the half-reaction method

• This method is based on the principle that all the

electrons ‘lost’ in an oxidation half-reaction must be
‘gained’ in a reduction half-reaction
IN ACID SOLUTION

1. Divide the reaction into half-reactions: Determine the O.N.s for

the species undergoing redox
2. Balance atoms and charges in each half-reaction
3. Multiply each half-reaction by an integer
4. Add the half-reactions together, canceling substances that
appear on both sides
5. Check that atoms and charges balance:
IN ACID SOLUTION

•Example:
Step 1: Divide the reaction into half-reactions:
Determine the O.N.s for the species undergoing redox

28
Step 2: Balance atoms and charges in each half-reaction:

1. Balance atoms other than O and H.

2. Balance O atoms by adding H2O molecules
3. Balance H atoms by adding H+ ions
4. Balance charge by adding electrons

29
Step 3: Multiply each half-reaction by an integer.

Step 4: Add the half-reactions together, canceling

substances that appear on both sides.

30
Step 5: Check that atoms and charges balance:

31
EXERCISE

Give the complete balanced chemical equation for the

following redox reaction.

• S2O82–(aq) + NO(g) → SO42–(aq) + NO3–(aq) : ACIDIC

MEDIUM

• MnO4–(aq) + Br–(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + Br2(l) : ACIDIC MEDIUM

IN BASIC SOLUTION

Only one additional step is needed to balance redox reaction in

basic solution:
Step 4 Basic:
• Add one OH- ion to both sides of the equation for every H+ present
• The OH- ions on one side are combined with H+ to form H2O
• OH- ions appear on the other side of equation
• Excess H2O are canceled.
EXERCISE

Give the complete balanced chemical equation for the

following redox reaction.

• Fe(OH)2(s) + H2(g) → Fe(s) + H2O(l): BASIC MEDIUM

• CrO42–(aq) + Cl–(aq) → ClO–(aq) + Cr(OH)3: BASIC

MEDIUM