St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela: Senior High School Department

St.
Bernadette College of Valenzuela

6121 Gen. T De Leon Valenzuela City
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Senior High School Department
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Content …………………………………………………………….1-2
Title page……………………………………………………………………... 3
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………........... 4
CHAPTER I
Introduction Background of the study………………………………… 5-7
Statement of the problem…………………………………………………. 8
Conceptual frame work…………………………………………………….. 9
Significance of the study ……………………………………………………. 10
Scope and Limitation………………………………………………………… 11
Definition of terms ………………………………………………………… 12-14
CHAPTER II
Local Studies……………………………………………………………… 15-16
Local Literature……………………………………………………………….17-18
Foreign Studies ……………………………………………………………….19-20
Foreign Literature…………………………………………………………… 20-21

St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela
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CHAPTER III
Preamble …………………………………………………………………..... 22
Research Design…………………………………………………………….. 22
Data Gathering……………………………………………………………... 23
Sample and Sampling …………………………………………………..... . 23
CHAPTER IV
Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 25
Table 1 ………………………………………………………………………… 25-27
Table 2 ………………………………………………………………………… 27-29
Table 3 ………………………………………………………………………… 30-32
Table 4………………………………………………………………………….. 32-33
CHAPTER V
Summary of findings……………………………………………………….... 34-36
Conclution …………………………………………………………………… 37
Recommendation ……………………………………………………………… 38
Bibliography ……………………………………………………………………. 39
Appendices …………………………………………………………………… 41-43
Curriculum Vitae …………………………………………………………… 44-61

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The Effectiveness of the Implementation of

Oplan Tokhang in selected areas in Brgy.
Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City: An
Evaluation
Members:
Boys
Malto, Dexter
Gernale, Michael Jeffrey
Lasquite, Harold
Canlas, Mark Anthony
Flores, Joem
Mamawe, Jackris Noah
Orocay, Mark Arvin
Cebu, Klient Joshua
Batac, Ryan
Gilrs
Esperanza, Noemi
Eleazar, Martha Marie
Fernandez, Irene
Blanquisco, Khristine Mae
Maarat, Angel Rose
Doria, Rose Ann
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We expressed our sincere gratitude and heartfelt appreciation to the following
individuals whose invaluable assistance and cooperation made possible the
completion of this study.
First, we would like to expressed our gratitude to God, who us gave strength
to this to do this study.
Second, we would like to thank to our family for the support they have given
to us, especially the finacial support.
To Mr. Edmar Jabon our Practical Research I Teacher in St. Bernadette
College of Valenzuela, who gave this kind of study and we’re so blessed to
experience this kind of study to gain new knowledge, and thank you Sir for
teaching us the proper procedures in conducting this study.
Then, to the residents in selected area in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela
City for the cooperation that you given to us. Thank you for the cooperation.
Again, from the bottom of our heart, thank you for all the people who are being
part of our study.
Researchers
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Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
In the Philippines, the drug problem is considered a national concern. One
that is related not only to security, but also to the health, social, and economic
well-being of the country. This country is alarmed of the growing number of drug
related problem, thus, agencies were assigned to control and as much as
possible to evaluate drug dependence and drug pushing cases and make it a top
priority for it is one of the causes of major crimes. According to the United
National and Drug Abuse Control, “No country is untouched by the drug scourge,
whether it is used as a production base, as a transit point or as a market”.
Oplan Tokhang is the Duterte administration’s campaign against illegal
drugs, a problem that the President claimed has affected millions of Filipinos.
OPLAN TOKHANG is a visayan word which means Tok-tok Hangyo. Where
police personnel knocks the doors of an alleged drug user or pusher, asking
him/her that he/she will surrender to the police in order that they will be
monitored for further assessment.
The PNP has assured that the names on the drugs watch list were
carefully validated by the Directorate for Intelligence in accordance to Dela

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Rosa’ a order that tokhang operations should be intelligence-driven to avoid
violation of human rights.
It said the names included on the list were generated from the list
submitted by the ADACs which undergoes strict validation to ensure that the
personalities were indeed involved in the illegal drugs transaction.The officers
who conduct Oplan Tokhang are called Tokhanger”. The chief shall elect the
police officers who will come along in conducting the Oplan Tokhang and
preventing scalawag policemen in joining them. Before they are required to
undergo proper training for them to know what to do on the actual operation.
During Tokhang. Oplan Tokhang is conducted only from Monday to Friday, 8
a.m. to 5 p.m.
Under the guidelines, teams will visit only the houses of personalities listed
on the drugs watch list. The teams will be allowed to talk only with the house
owners or drug personalities themselves outside the residence unless they are
invited into the house. Those on the watch list are not required to sign any
document. If they express an intention to surrender, they will be instructed to
proceed to the nearest barangay hall or police station, depending on their choice,
along with their relative

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BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Oplan Tokhang, or was implemented nationwide through the Command
Memorandum Circular 16 or CMC 2016-161. Since July 1, 2016 a total of 7080
people were killed of which 2,555 were due to police operations . Given this huge
number, it seems that the operation went haywire (Tamayo, 2016). Hence, on
January 30, 2017, Oplan Tokhang was stopped with the aim of improving the
anti-illegal drugs operations
According to the Philippine National Police, there have been 6,225 drug-
related deaths between July 2016 and September 2017. Despite this, the
authorities claim that there has only been one extrajudicial victim under the
current administration. AFP/Noel Celis. The researcher wanted to know the
(positive or negative) of implementing this drug related operations.
OBJECTIVES
This study focuses on the effects of Oplan Tokhang in Brgy. Gen. T De
Leon Valenzuela City. The researchers want to determine the level of satisfaction
upon implementing the said ordinance. This study also wants to know the
advantages of this action the community.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Generally, the study aimed to determine the effect of the Oplang Tokhang
to the residents of Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City.
Specifically, this also aimed to answer the following question:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Name
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender
1.4 Location
1.5 Civil Status
1.6 Educational Attainment
2. What are the experience upon the implementation of the residents in operation
of the Oplan Tokhang in terms of;
2.1 Safety and Security
2.2 Crime Rates
2.3 Citizens’ Discipline and Experience
2.4 Emotional Aspect
3. What is the experience of the residents in Brgy. Gen t. De Leon Valenzuela
City during the operation of Oplan Tokhang?

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
DEMOGRAPHIC PREPARATION OF THE

PROFILE OF SURVEY
THE QUESTIONAIRE
RESPONDENTS
“The
Effectiveness
 Name DISTRIBUTION OF of the
 Age SURVEY Implementation
 Gender QUESTIONAIRE of Oplan
 Civil Status Tokhang in
 Location Brgy. Gen T. De
COLLECTION OF DATA
 Education Leon
Attainment Valenzuela
TALLYING City: An
Variables
Evaluatiion
 Safety and TABULATION
Security
 Crime
Rates
 Citizen’s
Discipline
and
Experience
 Emotional
Aspect
\ FEEDBACK
Figure 1. The problems encountered by the residents, the effectiveness of the implementation of
Oplan T
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study focuses on the residents of Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City and
the Police Officers for assessing the implementation of Oplan Tokhang.
To the residents. This study will be served as gaining a new informations about
of the effectiveness of oplan tokhang.
To the police officers.This study will determine the effectiveness of Oplan
Tokhang and this will provide information about the experience of the residents
that will served as a guidelines in proper implementation of the program.
To local government officials.This study will served as a basis of effectiveness
and improvements in implementing Oplan Tokhang as a tool in fighting against
drugs.
To the researchers.They will get a knowledge and a lot of ideas about the
positive and negative effects of this program.
To the future researchers.This study will be used as reference related to the
research about the effectiveness of the implementation of Oplan Tokhang

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Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused on determining about the effectiveness of the
implementation of Oplan Tokhang in Brgy. Gen T De Leon Valezuela City. We
have one corresponding respondents for this study.
Table 1
Distribution of Target Sample Size of the Respondents
Group Respondents Sample size
1 Residents in selected area of Brgy. 50

Gen. T. De Leon Valenzuela City
The target sample size is Ten (50) respondents residing in selected area
of Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City.
The research study is considering the implementation of the ordinance. This
research will focus in assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of Oplan
Tokhang in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
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Drugs- Chemicals or substances that change a person physiologically or
psychologically; causes dependency and abuse (Merriam-Webster,n.d.)
Dangerous Drug Board- The highest policy making and coordinating arm of
matters pertaining to law enforcement and control of drugs and rehabilitation of
drug users; shortened as DDB (Manwong, 2002)
Educational Approach- A type of approach aimed to lessen the number of drug
users in the community through seminar-workshops, symposiums and
lecture forums (Manwong, 2002)
Implementation- It is the execution of the plan or method and also the policy to
maintain peace and order in the community or society, Through implementation
the government will accomplish the ideas and strategies in order for them to
come up with a good outcome.
Law Enforcement Approach- A type of approach aimed to lessen the number
of drug users in the community through drug policy making, laws and
other police operations. (Manwong, 2002)

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Narcotics- Command. The primary function is to utilize the supply reduction
strategy to eliminate the drug problem; shortened as NarCom (Manwong, 2002)
National Drug Law Enforcement Program and the National Drug Law
Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating Canter- Program and the
National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating Center.A law
enforcement agency under the office of the President and was founded to aid
the Narcotics Command and other agencies; shortened as NDLEPCC
(Manwong, 2002)
Oplan- An abbreviation to shorten operational/operations plan(The
FreeDictionary,n.d.)
Tokhang- Came from two Visayan words "toktok" and "hangyo" meaning "knock"
and "respect" (Bueza, 2016)
Oplan Tokhang- A government project created to eradicate drug users and
pusher by means of police officers knocking on the doors of the suspected drug
users and pushers, then giving them a warning to surrender (Bueza, 2016)
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PNP (Philippine National Police). They reinforce a system of coordination and
cooperation among the citizenry. It provides all law enforcement services
throughout the Philippines(www.aseanopol.org). They are the one who plays the
vital role in our community to lessen the burden of the society
Treatment and Rehabilitation Approach- A type of approach aimed to assist
and treat the drug abusers in order to prevent them from depending
again to drugs (Manwong, 2002)

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
PREAMBLE
The chapter presents the literature and studies represent implementation of
the ordinance. It discusses the different forms of ordinance against illegal drugs,
current system. Satisfaction and updates about the enforcement of the said during
drug related operations.
LOCAL STUDIES
According to Gloria Lai (2016) In the public safety module of quarterly survey
conducted by the social weather stations the presence of drug addicts in the
neighborhood increase from 40% in 2013 to 60% in 2016.
According to Pulse Asia (2017), support for the Duterte’s administration’s
“war on drugs” is the majority sentiment among Filipinos (88%). Basically the
same levels of support obtain across geographic areas and socio economic
groupings. Only 2% of Filipinos are not supportive of the campaign while 9% are
unable to say if they support or do not support the same. Less than 1% of
Filipinos are unable to state their positions on the matte, even in terms of
indecision.
The March 2017 net satisfaction rating was an 11-point decline from the 77+
rating during a similar survey in December 2016. The polling firm defines “net
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satisfaction” as the difference between the percentage of those who were
satisfied and those who were dissatisfied. The survey has an error margin of 3%
for national percentages. The net satisfaction on the war on drug war went from
“excellent” to “very good” SWS (2017) said.
According to the study of Tadalan (2015) entitled “Drug War Deaths rise and
fall with Duterte’s Words”, it has found government declarations and public
sentiments significantly determine number of deaths in the anti-drug campaign.
In the study, 40% of deaths were recorded in the National Capital Region, with
2,000 killings from May 2016 to September 2017. Nearby Bulacan had 644
Deaths, had the highest record across all provinces. Police claimed that, of 5,000
individuals 47% were small-time drug dealers, 8% were alleged drug users, and
1% were said to be drug couriers. Only 1% wasnarco-politicians and another 1%
police officers. More than 2,700 were killed by policemen on duty, majority of
whom died in the course of buy-bust operations.
According to Yusingco (2018), 70% of barangays have a barangay Anti-
Drug Abuse Council. However, more than half of these councils failed to ensure
that their barangay is drug-free. Under the Local Government Code, local
government officials have the responsibility to protect the poor and the vulnerable
not just from drugs but from any state-sanctioned policy that puts the community
in dange
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LOCAL LITERATURE
Abat (2013) stated that in Davao City, the police station is increasing
police visibility in communities to reduce the numbers of crimes. Most of the
policemen are outside for advocacy programs and to maximize visibility. And also
don’t let the ride in a mobile since mostly they are on foot patrol to observe more
the community safety, this way they could easily establish connection with the
community against criminal acts. Policemen also go house-to-house in different
villages in subdivision within the area of their responsibilities to make sure that
they are safe by the police force.
The Philippines’ War on Drugs is Really a War on the Poor. Less than 50
days into the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines, serious concerns
are being raised over the hundreds of extrajudicial killings being perpetrated
under the administration’s watch. Some have characterized the situation as reign
of terror (Franco 2016).
Project Tokhang refers to the strategy of PNP where law enforcers go
house to house visitations in their area of responsibility and convince identified
drug pushers and drug users to surrender. In the municipality of Rosario, La
Union, there were two hundred eighty four (284) total number of surrenders as of
December 12, 2016, all of them finished the processing and documentation of
data. Despite of this fact, they admitted that there are still newly identified drug
personalities not included at Rosario Police Station’s Watch List until such time
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that all affected barangays are already Drug free ultimately municipality of
Rosario, La Union and safe place to live and do business (Pajarillo, 2016).
According to Casino (2016), if we are to stop the killings, the challenge is
for the public to denounce it. Like in so many issues, public oppositions or better
yet outrage, is needed for the government to change its policy. The use of
Extrajudicial Killings is an unwritten state policy in the Philippines, the only way to
prevent it is for the people themselves to demand a stop to the practice.
In 2011, the Philippines ratified the Rome Statue which established the
International Criminal Court. Under this treaty, every Filipino, including the
president, can be tried by this court who has jurisdiction over crimes against
humanity. The treaty provides that when murder is “committed as part a
widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with
knowledge of the attack”, it becomes a crime against humanity (Butuyan, 2016).
We sincerely believe that the root of the problem is not really much on the
laws related to curbing and punishing human right violators. Actually, it has
always been the implementation of these laws (Castillo, 2016).

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FOREIGN STUDIES
According to the study of Beaten (2016) entitled “A Real Life Braking Bad:
How and Why the War on Drugs Has Failed in New Mexico”, the United States
has one of the toughest anti-drug policies in the world. For over 40 years, they
have been fighting a so called “War on Drugs” but data shows that drug use in
United States is at an all time high. In fact, United States remains the larger
consumer of illicit drugs in the world.
According to the united state annual world drug report the united state
consumes about twenty five times more cocaine than Columbia, even though
Columbia produces about fifty percent of the world production of cocaine. So,
other countries are part of the world drug report, the united stated consumes
about twenty five times more cocaine than Columbia, even though Columbia
produces about fifty percent of the world production of cocaine. So, other
countries are part of the process in the market of drugs whether it is
consumption, production, or distribution.Cartels in Columbia were formed to
continuously operate their drug business because various sectors and
government are on the tail to put an end to stop their drug business. So the
cartels in Columbia were formed and violent acts were made who tries to cease
their drug operation.
According to the study of William Lang (2013), the combination of the
international “war on drugs” and the recognition of problems caused by overuse

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of antibiotics has caused a general tightening of restrictions internationally on
Pharmaceuticals.
Based on the result of the study of Global Commission on Drug Policy, the
global war on drugs has failed, with devastating consequences for individuals
and societies around the world. Fundamental reforms in national and global drug
control policies are urgently needed (Lende, 2011) .
FOREIGN LITERATURE
HAQQI(2015) While many countries are relaxing their policies on drugs, the
US still enforces theirs strongly, leading to us to wonder about the 11 US States
with the toughest drug laws. There is no doubt that drugs can be an extremely
dangerous item to consume and some of the more potent ones such as heroin,
methamphetamine and cocaine can even result in death. However, it is also
important to consider that laws in the US can often be too tough which can result
in filling up prisons with moderate drug users as well. The US, in this case, can
be compared with other countries who crack down on drugs as well, as seen in
the 10 countries with the toughest drug laws in the world.
In fact, the US is the leading nation in the world when it comes to the
incarceration of inmates. There are an astounding 2.5 million people in the
United States who are currently serving time in jail and around half of such felons
are in jail on drug-related charges.

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The main drug or the most popular drug in the United States is marijuana. In
fact, it is probably the most popular drug in the entire world. This is mainly due to
the fact that it isn’t relatively hard to cultivate and isn’t a ‘hard’ drug, which is to
say that its effects are temporary and not extreme. In fact, it is impossible to
overdose on marijuana. Yet the lives of hundreds of thousands of people have
been potentially ruined due to them being found with just a few grams of
marijuana in their possession. In just 2013, 1.5 million people were arrested on
nonviolent drug-related charges. This is why we have focused on marijuana to
determine a state’s attitude towards drugs, considering its reputation as a
gateway drug as well as being the most common drug in the world.
According to Chok (2017), one of the main reasons that our society,
Singapore, is one of the safest in the world is that we take a very tough approach
on drugs and related crimes. If a drug trafficker traffics in a quantity which can
supply 300 drug abusers for a week, he could face the death penalty. This is not
revenge, this is not vengeance. This is based on the principle of deterrence and
clear rule of law.

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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
PREAMBLE
The focus of this research design was the sources of data, local of the
study, participants of the study, sampling technique, data gathering procedure,
statistical treatment and the research instrument that will be use upon conducting
the research.
Research Design
This study focus on the descriptive method of research. This method was
deem necessary to be use since such method describes the experience and
perceptions of the residents when the police officers conducting this ordinance.
And this study focuses on the effectiveness of the implementation of Oplan
Tokhang in selected area of selected area in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela
city.
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Participants of the Study
The respondents of the study may include 50 residents who experience
the operation of Oplan Tokhang in Brgy Gen. T. De Leon, Valenzuela City,
residents that is selected through purposive sampling. The residents in this
study were ask by the researcher to answer the questionnaire on the problems
and situation that they encountered in Anti- lllegal drug operation.
Sampling Technique
In this study Stratified Random Sampling technique was used.Because we have
4 streets and that streets we need 50 respondents each streets The researcher
was use the total enumeration of residents in Gen. T. De Leon, Valenzuela City.
Research Instrument
Survey Questionaire use as primary source of data gathering in the profile
of residents in Gen. T. De Leon, Valenzuela City.
Part I of the instrument are the experience encountered by the residents
during of this ordinance. Part II of this instrument is all about the effectiveness of
Oplan Tokhang to the residents who experience it, and Part III is all about the
progress in their Anti- Illegal Drug Operations.

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Data Gathering Procedure
Upon the approval of the thesis proposal the researchers will ask
permission from the residents who experience the operation of Oplan Tokhang
in Gen. T. De Leon, Valenzuela City, to conduct the study through a formal letter
or request. The researchers explain to the respondent the purpose of the survey
and assured them the confidentiality of their responses. The researchers will
distribute the questionnaire to the target respondents after the retrieval of the
questionnaire, the data will be tally and tabulate, analyze and interpret using
statistical tools.
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical tools were used in the treatment and analysis of
the data.
The formula is:

where:
% - PRECENTAGE
F - FREQUENCY
N - NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
F
%= x 100
n
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter includes the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
The researchers conducted a survey last March 23-24, 2019 at selected areas in
Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City. The 50 respndents are from selected
areas in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City of the said institution to get the
data needed for this research.
.Response of the residents in Effective of Oplan Tokhang in selected area
in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City in terms of Safety and Security
YES NO
QUESTION
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Is the residents safe
and secure during the
operation of Oplan
Tokhang? 38 76% 12 24%
2. Is the police officers
protect the residents in
operation of Oplan
Tokhang? 44 88% 6 12%
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Formula:
F
%= x 100
n
Question no. 1
Solution fo YES:
38
%= x 100
50 =76%
Solution for NO:
12
%= x100
50 =24%
Question no. 2
Solution for YES:
44
%= x 100
50 =88%
Solution for NO:
6
%= x100
50 =12%
Explanation:
This table contains the response of the respondents on how effective Oplan
Tokhang in terms of safety and security.
On question 1. Is the residents safe and secure during the operation of
Oplan Tokhang? 38 out of 50 of the respondents on 76% out of 100% of the

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respondents answered yes. And 12 out of 50 of the respondents on 24% out of
100% of the respondents answered no.
On question 2. Is the police officers protect the residents in operation of
Oplan Tokhang? 44 out of 50 of the respondents on 88% out of 100% of the
It indicates that the most of the respondents agreed that Oplan Tokhang is
effective in terms of safety and security in selected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De
Leon.
Responsed of the residents in Effective of Oplan Tokhang in selected area
in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City in terms of Crime Rates
YES NO
QUESTION
Frequency Percentage Fequency Percentage
3. Is the operation of
Oplan Tokhang
decrease drug
users/pushers? 40 80% 10 20%
4. Oplan Tokhang
operation can lessen
our problem in illegal
drug? 44 88% 6 12%
5. Is Oplan Tokhang
operation will decrease
crime in our country? 41 82% 9 18%
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F
%= x 100
Formula: n
Question no. 3
Solution for YES:
40
%= x 100
50 =80%
Solution for NO:
10
%= x100
50 =20%
Question no. 4
Solution for YES:
44
%= x 100
50 =88%
Solution for NO:
6
%= x100
50 =12%
Question no. 5
Solution for YES:
41
%= x 100
50 =82%
Solution for NO:
9
%= x100
50 =18%
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Explanation:
Tokhang in terms of crime rates.
On question 3. Is the operation of Oplan Tokhang decrease drug
users/pushers? 40 out of 50 of the respondents on 80% out of 100% of the
On question 4. Oplan Tokhang operation can lessen our problem in illegal
drug? 44 out of 50 of the respondents on 88% out of 100% of the respondents
answered yes. And 6 out of 50 of the respondents on 12% out of 100% of the
respondents answered no.
On question 5. Is Oplan Tokhang operation will decrease crime in our
country? 41 out of 50 of the respondents on 82% out of 100% of the
effective in terms of crime rates in selected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon.

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in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City in terms of Citizens’ Discipline
YES NO
QUESTION
Frequency Percentage Fequency Percentage
6. Is the residents
following the ordinance
of Oplan Tokhang
operation? 41 82% 9 18%
7. Is the residents
accepting the
implementation of
Oplan Tokhang? 40 80% 10 20%
8. Is the residents
respecting the
implementation of
Oplan Tokhang? 42 84% 8 16%
Question no.6
Solution for YES:
41
%≠ x 100 =82%
50
Solution for NO:
9
%= x100 =18%
50
Question no. 7
Solution for YES:
40
%= x100 =80%
50
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Solution for NO:
10
%= x100 =20%
50
Question no. 8
Solution for YES:
42
%= x100 =84%
50
Solution for NO:
8
%= x100 =16%
50
Explanation:
Tokhang in terms of crime rates.
On question 6. Is the residents following the ordinance of Oplan Tokhang
operation? 41 out of 50 of the respondents on 82% out of 100% of the
On question 7. Is the residents accepting the implementation of Oplan
Tokhang? 40 out of 50 of the respondents on 80% out of 100% of the

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On question 8. Is the residents respecting the implementation of Oplan
Tokhang? 42 out of 50 of the respondents on 84% out of 100% of the
effective in terms of citizens’ discipline in selected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De
Leon.
in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City in terms of Emotional Aspect
YES NO
QUESTION
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
9. Is the residents
scared when the
police officers
conducting Oplan
Tokhang operation? 39 78% 11 22%
10. Is the residents can
get trauma during a
operation? 31 62% 19 38%
Question no.9
Solution for YES:

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39
%= x100 =78%
50
Solution for NO:
11
%= x100 =22%
50
Question no.10
Solution for YES:
31
%= x100 =62%
50
Solution for NO:
19
%= x100 =38%
50
Explanation:
Tokhang in terms of emotional aspect.
On question 9. Is the residents scared when the police officers conducting
Oplan Tokhang operation? 39 out of 50 of the respondents on 78% out of
100% of the respondents answered yes. And 11 out of 50 of the respondents on
22% out of 100% of the respondents answered no.
On questio 10. Is the residents can get trauma during a operation? 31 out of
50 of the respondents on 62% out of 100% of the respondents answered yes.
And 31 out of 50 of the respondents on 19% out of 100% of the respondents
answered no.
443-2584 / 443-1277
34
effective in terms of emotional aspect in selected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The findings in the study were the following:
.Responsed of the residents in Effective of Oplan Tokhang in selected area
 Safety and Security
38 out of 50 of the respondents on 76% out of 100% of the respondents
answered Yes. And 12 out of 50 of the respondents on 24% out of 100% of the
respondents answered No
respondents answered No.

443-2584 / 443-1277
35
It indicates that the most of the respondents agreed that Oplan
Tokhang is effective in terms of safety and security in selected area in Brgy. Gen
T. De Leon.
 Crime Rates
Tokhang is effective in terms of crime rates in selected area in Brgy. Gen T. De
Leon
 Citizens’ Discipline
443-2584 / 443-1277
36
42 out of 50 of the respondents on 84% out of 100% of the
respondents answered Yes. And 8 out of 50 of the respondents on 16% out of
100% of the respondents answered No
Tokhang is effective in terms of citizens’ discipline in selected area in Brgy. Gen
T. De Leon.
 Emotional Aspect
39 out of 50 of the respondents on 78% out of 100% of the
respondents answered Yes. And 11 out of 50 of the respondents on 22% out of
100% of the respondents answered n No.
50 of the respondents on 62% out of 100% of the respondents

443-2584 / 443-1277
37
Tokhang is effective in terms of emotional aspect in selected area in Brgy. Gen
T. De Leon
The residents of Brgy.Gen T. De leon Valenzuela City. Response to
strongly agreed about the different indicators in terms of Safety and Security,
Crime Rates, Citizens’ Discipilne and Emotional Aspects. Upon the The
Effectiveness of the Implementation of Oplan Tokhang in selected area in Brgy.
Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City: An Evaluation
CONCLUSION
Based on the study of the researchers, the following conclusions were drawn:
The respondents are strongly agreed about the different indicators in
terms of Safety and Security, Crime Rates, Citizens’ Discipilne and Emotional
Aspects. Upon the The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Oplan Tokhang in
selected area in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City: An Evaluation

443-2584 / 443-1277
38
RECOMMENDATION
From the data gathered, summary of findings and conclusions of the study, the
following recommendations were drawn:
1. the ordinance which is the Oplan Tokhang is effectived to residents
experienced of oplan tokhang.
2. Decrease crimes rates and Oplan tokhang is important to reduce of
numbers of drug users / pushers.
3. Always prioritize the rights of every individual.
4. For the future researchers to include other factors and possible
solutions to this problem that is highly recommended by the society

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39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Rommel K. Manwong ) Handbook on Drug Education and Vice Control: For Law
Enforcers, Criminology Students and Reviewees( 2002)
Merriamwebstersdictionary”.https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Handbook
_on_Drug_Education_and_Vice_Cont.html?id=T0M5AAAACAAJ
Rommel K. Manwong (2002) Drug Abuse, Peer Influence, Parent’s Attention,

Family Problem, Parent’s Guidance, Moral Values, Frustrations(2002)
Merriamwebsterdictionary.”file:///C:/Users/client/Downloads/789-Article%20Text-
1510-110-20180101.pdf
Michael Bueza, (2016)In numbers: The Philippines' 'war on drugs'

Merriamwebstersdictionary.”https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/145814
-numbers-statistics-philippines-war-drugs
Rommel K. Manwong (2002) The law enforcements approach
Merria,webstersdictionary.”http://guide.saferoutesinfo.org/enforcement/the_law_e
nforcement_approach.cfmhttps://www.google.com/search?
443-2584 / 443-1277
40
rlz=1C1GIGM_enPH831PH831&ei=mKacXJLpEsymoATeh7DABg&q=Michael+Bueza+tokha
ng&oq=Michael+Bueza+tokhang&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..33i21j33i160.3089.13082..13350...3.0..0.262.1445.0j9j1......0....2j1..gws-
wiz.......0j0i30j0i22i30.UZvcspVTuy4
Director General Isidro S. Lapeña(2016)PDEA: WAR ON DRUGS GOES ON

INTENSIFIES INTERNAL CLEANSING WITHIN ORGANIZATIONMERRIAM
WEBTERS DICTIONARY.” http://pdea.gov.ph/2-uncategorised/141-pdea-war-on-
drugs-goes-on-intensifies-internal-cleansing-within-
organizationhttps://www.google.com/search?
rlz=1C1GIGM_enPH831PH831&ei=FqecXJfiOJP2wAOlnoewCg&q=pdea+tokhang&oq=p
dea+tokhang&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0i22i30l2.60599.65836..66441...0.0..0.245.1358.7j3j2......0....1..gws-
wiz.....0..0j0i131j0i131i67j0i67.DPjCfeRKBBU
Rommel K. Manwong (2002) Dela Rosa claims bloodless drug war 'impossible'Merriam
https://www.google.com/nation/194716-bloodless-drug-war-
websters dictionary.”
impossible-pnp-chief-dela-rosa-oplan-tokhanghttps://www.google.com/search?
q=gen+bato+dela+rosa+oplan+tokhanhg&rlz=1C1GIGM_enPH831PH831&oq=gen
+bato+dela+rosa+oplan+tokhanhg&aqs=chrome..69i57.9745j0j9&sourceid=chrome
&ie=UTF-8
443-2584 / 443-1277
41
APPENDICES
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:____________________________________(Optional)
Age:____________ Gender:__________
Educational Attainment:__________________ Civil Status:________________
Location:_______________________________________________
Good day! We are the students in Grade 11-HUMSS-1 os St. Bernadette College
of Valenzuela. As requirement for our subject in Pratical Research 1, we are
currently conducting a survey questionnaire about “The Effectiveness of the
Implementation of Oplan Tokhang inselected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon
Valenzuela City: An Evaluation”. The respondents of our study are the residents
who experience the Operation of Oplan Tokhang in selected area in Brgy. Gen T.
De Leon Valenzuela City.
Direction: Please check YES if you agree and NO if you disagree. Be truthful
with your response.
443-2584 / 443-1277
42
Questions Yes No
1. Is the residents safe and secure during the operation
of Oplan Tokhang?
2. Is the police officers protect the residents in operation
of Oplan Tokhang?
Questions Yes No
3. Is the operation of Oplan Tokhang decrease drug
users/pushers?
4. Oplan Tokhang operation can lessen our problem in
illegal drug?
5. Is Oplan Tokhang operation will decrease crime in
our country?
443-2584 / 443-1277
43
Questions Yes No
6. Is the residents following the ordinance of Oplan
Tokhang operation?
7. Is the residents accepting the implementation of
Oplan Tokhang?
8. Is the residents respecting the implementation of
Oplan Tokhang?
Questions Yes No
9. Is the residents scared when the police officers
conducting Oplan Tokhang operation?
10. Is the residents can get trauma during a operation?

443-2584 / 443-1277
44
CURRICULUM VITAE
NOEMI P. ESPERANZA
4782 Igmidio Street, Santolan Road, GTDL Val. City
Cell # 09109947815
EDUCATION PROFILE:
Senior High: St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela

6121 Gen. T. De Leon Valenzuela City
2018-2019
Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)
Junior High: Gen. T. De Leon National High School

Mercado St. cor. Gen. T. De Leon Rd., Brgy. Gen. T. De Leon
443-2584 / 443-1277
45
2013-2018
Elementary: Gen. T. De Leon Elementary School

2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: November 9, 2000 Mother’sName: Lilian Esperanza

Age: 18 yrs old Occupation: House Wife
Gender: Female Father’sName: Epifanio Esperanza
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Taxi Driver
Email:
noemiesperanza_35@yahoo.com
DEXTER E. MALTO
4561 Npc Road Bagbaguin Caloocan City
Cell # 09952142744
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: Caybiga High School

Npc Road Caloocan City
2013-2018
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46
Elementary: Bagbaguin Elementary School

Gen. Luise St. Bagbaguin Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: December 24, 2000 Mother’sName: Helen E. Malto

Gender: Male Father’sName: Edgardo L. Malto
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Security Guard
Email: Dextermalto24
MARTHA MARIE L. ELEAZAR

4111 Francisco Compound GTDL Valenzuela City
Cell # 09355585910
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

2013-2018
Elementary: Gen. T. De Leon Elementary School

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47
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: February 3, 2002 Mother’sName: Raquel L. Eleazar

Age: 17 yrs old Occupation: Factory Worker
Gender: Female Father’sName: Rodolfo I. Eleazar
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: NONE
Email:
marthamle_03@yahoo.com
JOEM FLORES
Brgy, Ugong Disiplina Village, Blg. 47 Unit 5, Val. City
Cell # 093975178
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School

Brgy. Ugong Valenzuela City
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48
2013-2018
Elementary: Camarin D. Elementary School

Camarin Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: February 12, 2001 Mother’sName: Menchie Flores

Age: 18 yrs old Yamada
Gender: Male Occupation: OFW
Citizenship: Filipino Father’sName: Delfin Sola Jr.
Occupation: NONE
Email:
joem_sola@yahoo.com
IRENE FERNANDEZ
Reparo St. Baesa Caloocan City
Cell # 09081588846
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: Sitero Francisco Memorial National High School

Brgy. Ugong Valenzuela City
2013-2018
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49
Elementary: Camarin D. Elementary School

Camarin Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: December 23, 2001 Mother’sName: Elcelsa Fernandez

Gender: Female Father’sName: Christopher
Citizenship: Filipino Fernandez
Occupation: Driver
Email:
Fernandez@yahoo.com
KHRISTINE MAE B. BLANQUISCO

48 donato St. sta. Quiteria Caloocan City
Cell # 09455317118
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela

2013-2018
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50
Elementary: St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela

2017-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: September 21, 2001 Mother’sName: Cyril Beloro

Gender: Female Father’sName: Abner Blanquisco
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: OFW
Email:
khristineblanquisco123@yahoo.com
KLIENT JOSHUA P. CEBU

54 F. Cayrtano St. Karuhatan Valenzuela City
Cell # 09208309454
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: Caruhatan National High School

Karuhatan Valenzuela City
2013-2018
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51
Elementary: Caruhatan West Elementary School

Karuhatan Valenzuela City
2017-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: September 21, 2001 Mother’sName: Cyril Beloro

Gender: Female Father’sName: Abner Blanquisco
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: OFW
Email:
khristineblanquisco123@yahoo.com
MARK ARVIN S. OROCAY

Sitio lamesa Brgy. Ugong Valenzuela City
Cell # 09559187480
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

2013-2018
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52
Elementary: D. Tuazon Elementary School Quezon City

Quezon City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: October 6, 2001 Mother’sName: Arlene S. Orocay

Gender: Male Father’sName: Rolando P. Orocay
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Company Driver
Email: markarvin.orocay.9
ANGEL ROSE MAARAT

10 Ignacio St. Sta. Quiteria Caloocan City
Cell # 09126421734
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High: Baesa High School

Caloocan City
2013-2018
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53
Elementary: SQES
Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: August 21, 2002 Mother’sName: Rosie Maarat

Gender: Female Father’sName: Angelito Maarat
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Factory Worker
Email:
angelrosemaarat@yahoo.com
ROSE ANN DORIA

14 A. Gumamela St. Bagong Barrio Caloocan City
Cell # 09304420794
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

Baesa Caloocan City
2013-2018
443-2584 / 443-1277
54
Elementary: Bonifacio Memorial Elementary School

Quezon City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: May 16, 2002 Mother’sName: Regina Doria

Age: 16 yrs old Occupation: Rebonding
Gender: Female Father’sName: Alvin Doria
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Pintor
Email:
roseanndoria@yahoo.com
MARK ANTYHONY CANLAS

577 Cleofas St. Sta. Quiteria Caloocan City
Cell # 09457515240
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

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55
Caloocan City
2013-2018
Elementary: Sta. Quiteria Elementary School

Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: August 3, 2001 Mother’sName: Gina Feria

Gender: Male Father’sName: Manalito Canlas
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Company Driver
Email:
canlasmark21@yahoo.com
MICHAEL JEFFREY GERNALE

211 Reparo St. Baesa Caloocan City
Cell # 0999546731
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

Caloocan City
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56
2013-2018
Elementary: Baesa Elementary School

Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: July 9, 2002 Mother’sName: Jaquelyn Pacis

Gender: Male Father’sName: Frederick Gernale
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Ware House Worker
Email: emjhaymauricebrown
JACKRIS MAMAWE
387 Gumamela St. Caloocan City
Cell # 09559187480
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

Caloocan City
2013-2018
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57
Elementary: Baesa Elementary School

Caloocan Ciry
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: February 2, 2001 Mother’sName: Lilibeth A. Mamawe

Gender: Male Father’sName: Richard A. Mamawe
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Driver
Email:
juniormamawe@yahoo.com
HAROLD LASQUITE
657 Int. 3 Reparo St. Baesa Caloocan City
Cell # 09081166761
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019
Junior High Baesa High School

Caloocan City
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58
2013-2018
Elementary: Bagong Lote Elementary School

Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: December 24, 2001 Mother’sName: Theresa Lasquite

Gender: Male Father’sName: Arnold Lasquite
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: Carpinter
Email:
lasquiteharold@yahoo.com
RYAN BATAC
Sitio lamesa Brgy. Ugong Valenzuela City
Cell # 09559187480
EDUCATION PROFILE:

2018-2019

443-2584 / 443-1277
59

2013-2018
Elementary: Lucas R. Pascual Memorial Elementary School

Caloocan City
2007-2013
PERSONAL PROFILE:
Date of Birth: February 25,2000 Mother’sName: Susan Batac

Gender: Male Father’sName: Lito Batac
Citizenship: Filipino Occupation: BRGY. Tanod
Email:
ryan_batac28@yahoo.com
APPENDICES
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:____________________________________(Optional)
Age:____________ Gender:__________
Educational Attainment:__________________ Civil Status:________________
Location:_______________________________________________
Good day! We are the students in Grade 11-HUMSS-1 os St. Bernadette College
of Valenzuela. As requirement for our subject in Pratical Research 1, we are
currently conducting a survey questionnaire about “The Effectiveness of the
Implementation of Oplan Tokhang inselected areas in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon
Valenzuela City: An Evaluation”. The respondents of our study are the residents
who experience the Operation of Oplan Tokhang in selected area in Brgy. Gen T.
De Leon Valenzuela City.
443-2584 / 443-1277
60
Direction: Please check YES if you agree and NO if you disagree. Be truthful
with your response.
Questions Yes No
11. Is the residents safe and secure during the
operation of Oplan Tokhang?
12. Is the police officers protect the residents in
operation of Oplan Tokhang?
Questions Yes No
13. Is the operation of Oplan Tokhang decrease drug
users/pushers?
14. Oplan Tokhang operation can lessen our problem in
illegal drug?
443-2584 / 443-1277
61
15. Is Oplan Tokhang operation will decrease crime in
our country?
Questions Yes No
16. Is the residents following the ordinance of Oplan
Tokhang operation?
17. Is the residents accepting the implementation of
Oplan Tokhang?
18. Is the residents respecting the implementation of
Oplan Tokhang?
Questions Yes No
19. Is the residents scared when the police officers
conducting Oplan Tokhang operation?
20. Is the residents can get trauma during a operation?

443-2584 / 443-1277
62

St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela: Senior High School Department

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St. Bernadette College of Valenzuela: Senior High School Department

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St.

Bernadette College of Valenzuela

Table of Content …………………………………………………………….1-2

Introduction Background of the study………………………………… 5-7

Statement of the problem…………………………………………………. 8

Conceptual frame work…………………………………………………….. 9

Significance of the study ……………………………………………………. 10

Scope and Limitation………………………………………………………… 11

Definition of terms ………………………………………………………… 12-14

Local Studies……………………………………………………………… 15-16

Foreign Studies ……………………………………………………………….19-20

Foreign Literature…………………………………………………………… 20-21

Sample and Sampling …………………………………………………..... . 23

Table 1 ………………………………………………………………………… 25-27

Table 2 ………………………………………………………………………… 27-29

Table 3 ………………………………………………………………………… 30-32

Table 4………………………………………………………………………….. 32-33

Summary of findings……………………………………………………….... 34-36

Appendices …………………………………………………………………… 41-43

Curriculum Vitae …………………………………………………………… 44-61

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of

We expressed our sincere gratitude and heartfelt appreciation to the following

individuals whose invaluable assistance and cooperation made possible the

completion of this study.

to this to do this study.

to us, especially the finacial support.

To Mr. Edmar Jabon our Practical Research I Teacher in St. Bernadette

teaching us the proper procedures in conducting this study.

Then, to the residents in selected area in Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela

part of our study.

related problem, thus, agencies were assigned to control and as much as

whether it is used as a production base, as a transit point or as a market”.

Oplan Tokhang is the Duterte administration’s campaign against illegal

OPLAN TOKHANG is a visayan word which means Tok-tok Hangyo. Where

monitored for further assessment.

carefully validated by the Directorate for Intelligence in accordance to Dela

Rosa’ a order that tokhang operations should be intelligence-driven to avoid

violation of human rights.

personalities were indeed involved in the illegal drugs transaction.The officers

preventing scalawag policemen in joining them. Before they are required to

During Tokhang. Oplan Tokhang is conducted only from Monday to Friday, 8

document. If they express an intention to surrender, they will be instructed to

along with their relative

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Oplan Tokhang, or was implemented nationwide through the Command

Memorandum Circular 16 or CMC 2016-161. Since July 1, 2016 a total of 7080

anti-illegal drugs operations

According to the Philippine National Police, there have been 6,225 drug-

current administration. AFP/Noel Celis. The researcher wanted to know the

(positive or negative) of implementing this drug related operations.

advantages of this action the community.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

to the residents of Brgy. Gen T. De Leon Valenzuela City.

Specifically, this also aimed to answer the following question:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.5 Civil Status

1.6 Educational Attainment

of the Oplan Tokhang in terms of;

2.1 Safety and Security

2.2 Crime Rates

2.3 Citizens’ Discipline and Experience

2.4 Emotional Aspect

3. What is the experience of the residents in Brgy. Gen t. De Leon Valenzuela