Chapt

er8Mot
ion

Class9Chapt
er8:Mot
ion (
Alli
ntextandexer
cisequest
ions
solved)
I
ntextQuest
ions–1 
 
Page:100

1.Anobjecthasmovedthr
oughadi
stance.Cani
thavezer
odi
spl
acement
?Ifyes,
suppor
tyour
answerwithanexampl
e.

Sol
uti
on

Yes,anobjectmov i
ngacertai
ndi stancecanhav ez er
ot ot
aldi
spl
acement.Di
splacementrefer
sto
theshor
testdist
ancebetweent heiniti
al andthefinalposit
ionsoft
heobject
.Evenifanobject
mov est
hroughaconsiderabledistance, i
fiteventuall
ycomesbackt oi
tsini
ti
alposit
ion,
the
corr
espondingdispl
acementoft heobj ectwoul dbez ero.

2.Afarmermovesalongt
heboundar
yofasquar
efi
eldofside10m i
n40s.Whatwi l
lbethe
magnit
udeofdispl
acementoft
hefar
meratt
heendof2mi nutes20secondsf
rom hi
sini
tial
posi
ti
on?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
venthatt
hefarmercov
erst
heentir
eboundaryoft
hesquar
efi
eldi
n40seconds,
thet
otal
dist
ance
t
ravel
edbythefar
merin40secondsis4*
(10)=40meter
s.

Ther
efor
e,t
heav
eragedi
stancecov
eredbyt
hef
armeri
nonesecondi
s:40m/
40=1m

Twominut
esand20secondscanbewri
ttenas140seconds.Thet
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledbyt
he
far
meri
nthist
imef
rameis:1m *140=140m

Sincet
hefar
merismovi
ngalongtheboundar
yofthesquar
efi
eld,
thet
otal
numberofl
aps
complet
edbythefar
merwi
l
lbe: 140m/40=3.5l
aps

Now,thet
otaldi
spl
acementofthefar
merdependsonthei
nit
ial
posi
ti
on.I
ftheini
ti
alposi
ti
onofthe
f
armerisatonecor
nerofthef
ield,
theter
minal
posi
ti
onwouldbeattheopposi
tecorner(
sincet
he
f
iel
dissquare)
.

Int
hiscase,
thetot
aldi
spl
acementoft
hefarmerwi
l
lbeequal
tot
hel
engt
hoft
hedi
agonal
li
ne
acr
osstheopposit
ecor
nersoft
hesquare.

Apply
ingthePyt
hagorastheorem,thel
engt
hoft
hedi
agonal
canbeobt
ainedas
2 2
fol
l
ows: √(
10+10) = 
√200= 14.14m.

Thi
sist
he 
maxi
mum 
possi
bledi
spl
acementoft
hef
armer
.

I
fthei
nit
ial
posi
ti
onoft
hef
armeri
satt
hemi
d-poi
ntbet
weent
woadj
acentcor
ner
soft
hesquar
e,
t
henetdispl
acementofthefar
merwoul
dbeequal
tot
hesi
deoft
hesquar
e,whi
chi
s10m.Thi
sis
t
he 
minimum displ
acement.

I
fthefar
merst
art
satarandom poi
ntar
oundtheper
imet
eroft
hesquar
e,hi
snetdi
spl
acementaf
ter
t
ravel
i
ng140m wi
lll
i
ebetween10m and14.
14m.

3.Whichofthefol
lowingi
struefordi
spl
acement?(
a)I
tcannotbezer
o.(
b)I
tsmagni
tudei
s
great
erthanthedi
stancet
ravel
ledbytheobj
ect.

Sol
uti
on

Neitherofthest
atementsaretrue.St
atement(
a)isf
alsebecausethedisplacementofanobject
whicht r
avelsacertai
ndi
stanceandcomesbackt oi
tsini
ti
alposit
ioniszero.Stat
ement(b)i
sf al
se
becauset hedi
splacementofanobjectcanbeequal
to,butnevergreat
erthanthedist
ancetr
av el
ed.

I
ntextQuest
ions–2 
 
Page:102

1.Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenspeedandvel
oci
ty.

Sol
uti
on

Dif
ferenceBet
weenSpeedand
Velocit
y

Vel
oci
ty Speed

I
tref
erstothe I
tref erstothe
di
spl
acementofa di
st ance
gi
venobjectovera mov edbyan
ti
meinter
val. objectov era
ti
mei nter
val.

I
thasaspeci
fi
c I
tdoesnot
di
rect
ion haveany
di
rect
ion.

Vel
oci
ty= Speed=
di
spl
acement
/ti
me di
stance/
ti
me
Veloci
tycanholda Speedcannot
negati
vevalue hol
da
negat
ive
val
ue.

2.Underwhatcondi
ti
on(
s)i
sthemagni
tudeofaver
agevel
oci
tyofanobj
ectequalt
oit
saver
age
speed?

Sol
uti
on

Sinceaver
agespeedisthetot
aldi
stancetravel
edinati
mef r
ameandv el
ocit
yisthet
otal
displ
acementi
nt heti
meframe,t
hemagni tudeofaver
ageveloci
tyandav
eragespeedwil
lbet
he
samewhent hetotal
dist
ancetr
avel
edi sequaltot
hedispl
acement.

3.Whatdoest
heodomet
erofanaut
omobi
lemeasur
e?

Sol
uti
on

Theodomet
ermeasur
est
het
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledbyt
heaut
omobi
l
e.

4.Whatdoest
hepat
hofanobj
ectl
ookl
ikewheni
tisi
nuni
for
m mot
ion?

Sol
uti
on

Thepat
hofanobj
ecti
nuni
for
m mot
ioni
sast
rai
ghtl
i
ne.

5.Duri
nganexperi
ment,asi
gnalfrom aspaceshi
pr eachedt
hegroundst
ati
oninfi
veminut
es.
Whatwasthedist
anceofthespaceshi
pfrom thegroundstat
ion?Thesi
gnalt
ravel
satt
hespeedof
l
ight
,thati
s,3×108 
m/s.

Sol
uti
on

Gi
venthatt
hesignal
trav
elsinastr
aightli
ne,
thedist
ancebet
weent
hespaceshi
pandt
hegr
ound
st
ati
onisequal
tothetotal
dist
ancetravel
edbythesignal
.

5mi
nut
es=5*
60seconds=300seconds.

Speedoft
hesi =3×108 
gnal m/s.

Ther
efor
e,t
otal
dist 3×108 
ance=( m/s)*300s

1010 
=9* met
ers.

I
ntextQuest
ions–3 
 
Page:103

1.Whenwi
llyousayabodyi
sin(
i)uni
for
m accel
erat
ion?(
ii
)non-
uni
for
m accel
erat
ion?

Sol
uti
on

Unif
orm Accel
erat
ion: 
Int
hist
ypeofaccel
erati
on,t
hebodymov esal
ongastr
aightl
i
neandits
vel
ocit
yincr
eases/decr
easesatauni
formrate(i
tchangesataconst
antr
atei
nanyconstantt
ime
i
nterv
al).
Non-Unif
orm Acceler
ation:
 I
nthi
stypeofaccel
erat
ion,
thebodymov esal
ongastraightl
ineandit
s
vel
ocit
yincreases/
decreasesatarat
ethati
snotunifor
m( i
tchangesatadif
fer
entrateforagiv
en
const
anttimeinter
val
).

2.Abusdecr
easesi
tsspeedf
rom 80km h–1t
o60km h–1i
n5s.Fi
ndt
heaccel
erat
ionoft
hebus.

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
thei
nit
ial
vel
oci
ty(
u)=80km/
hour=80000m/
3600s=22. s-1
22m.

Thef
inal
vel
oci
ty(
v)=60km/
hour=60000m/
3600s=16. s-1
66m.

Ti
mef
rame,
t=5seconds.

Ther
efor
e,accel
erat
ion(
a)=(
v-u)
/t=(
16. s-1 
66m. – 22. s-1)
22m. /5s

=-
1. s-2
112m.

Theref
ore,
thet
otalaccel
erat
ionofthebusi
s-1. s-2.I
112m. tcanbenot
edt
hatt
henegat
ivesi
gn
i
ndicat
esthatt
heveloci
tyofthebusisdecr
easi
ng.

3.Atrai
nstar
ti
ngfr
om arai
lwaystat
ionandmovi
ngwi
thuni
for
m accel
erat
ionat
tai
nsaspeed40
km h–1in10minut
es.Fi
nditsaccel
erat
ion.

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
thei
nit
ial
vel
oci
ty(
u)oft
het
rai s-1 
n=0m. (atr
est
)

Ter
minal
vel
oci
ty(
v)oft
het
rai
n=40km/
hour=11. s-1
11m.

Ti
mei
nter
val
,t=10mi
nut
es=600s.

Theaccel
erat
ionoft
het
rai
nisgi
venby=(
v-u)
/t=(
11. s-1 
11m. s-1)
–0m. /600s= 
0. s-2
0185m.

I
ntextQuest
ions–4 
 
Page:107

1.Whati
sthenat
ureoft
hedi
stance-
ti
megr
aphsf
oruni
for
m andnon-
uni
for
m mot
ionofanobj
ect
?

Sol
uti
on

Foruni
form moti
on,thedi
stance-
ti
megraphi
sastr
aightl
i
ne.Ont
heot
herhand,
thedi
stance-
ti
me
graphofanobjecti
nnon-unif
orm mot
ioni
sacur
ve.
Thef
ir
stgr
aphdescr
ibesuni
for
m mot
ionandt
hesecondonedescr
ibesnon-
uni
for
m mot
ion.

2.Whatcanyousayaboutt
hemot
ionofanobj
ectwhosedi
stance-
ti
megr
aphi
sast
rai
ghtl
ine
par
all
elt
othetimeaxi
s?

Sol
uti
on

Thi
sdi
stance-
ti
megr
aphcanbepl
ott
edasf
oll
ows.
Sincetherei
snochangeinthedi
stancet
rav
eledbyt
heobj
ect(
ort
heY-
Axi
sval
ue)atanypoi
nti
n
theX-Axis(t
ime)
,theobj
ecti
satrest.

3.Whatcanyousayaboutt
hemot
ionofanobj
ecti
fit
sspeed-
ti
megr
aphi
sast
rai
ghtl
inepar
all
el
tot
hetimeaxis?

Sol
uti
on

Thi
sspeed-
ti
megr
aphcanbepl
ott
edasf
oll
ows.
Sincet
hereisnochangei
nthevel
oci
tyoft
heobj
ect(
Y-Ax
isv
alue)atanypoi
ntoft
ime(
X-ax
isv
alue)
,
theobj
ectissai
dtobeinuni
for
m moti
on.

4.Whati
sthequant
it
ywhi
chi
smeasur
edbyt
hear
eaoccupi
edbel
owt
hevel
oci
ty-
ti
megr
aph?

Sol
uti
on

Consi
der
inganobj
ecti
nuni
for
m mot
ion,
itsv
eloci
ty-
ti
megr
aphcanber
epr
esent
edasf
oll
ows.
Now,thear eabelowthevel
oci
ty-
ti
megr
aphisthear
eaoftherectangl
eOABC,whichisgi
venby
OA*OC.ButOAi sthevel
oci
tyoft
heobj
ectandOCrepr
esent
st i
me.Theref
ore,
theshadedareacan
berepresentedas:

Ar
eaundert
hev
eloci
ty-
ti
megr
aph=v
eloci
ty*
time.

Substi
tut
ingtheval
ueofvel
oci
tyasdisplacement
/ti
meintheprevi
ousequat
ion,i
tisf
oundt
hatt
he
areaunderthevel
oci
ty-
ti
megraphrepresentst
hetot
aldi
splacementoft
heobject
.

I
ntextQuest
ions–5Page:109,
110

1.Abusstarti
ngfrom r
estmoveswit
hauni f
orm accel
erat
i 1m s-2 
onof0. for2mi
nut
es.Fi
nd(
a)
thespeedacquir
ed,(
b)thedi
stancet
ravel
led.

Sol
uti
on

(
a)Gi
ven,
thebustst
art
sfr
om r
est
.Ther
efor
e,i
nit
ial
vel
oci
ty(
u)=0m/
s

Accel
erat
ion(
a)=0. s-2
1m.

Ti
me=2mi
nut
es=120s

Accel
erat
ioni
sgi
venbyt
heequat
iona=(
v-u)
/t

Ther
efor
e,t
ermi
nal
vel
oci
ty(
v)=(
at)
+u

=(
0. s-2 
1m. s-1
*120s)+0m.

s-1 
=12m. s-1
+0m.

Ther
efor
e,t
ermi
nal
vel
oci
ty(
v)=12m/
s

(
b)Aspert
het
hir
dmot
ionequat
ion,

Si
ncea=0. s-2,
1m. s-1,
v=12m. s-1,
u=0m. andt=120s,
thef
oll
owi
ngv
aluef
ors(
dist
ance)canbe
obt
ained.
2
Di
stance,
s=(
v –u2)
  /2a

122 
=( –02)
/2(
0.1)

Ther
efor
e,s=720m.

Thespeedacqui
redi s-1 
s12m. andt
het
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledi
s720m.

2.Atrai
nistr
avell
ingataspeedof90km h–1.Br
akesareappl
iedsoastoproduceauni
for
m
-
2
accel
erat
ionof–0.5m s .Fi
ndhowfart
het rai
nwillgobef
oreiti
sbroughtt
orest.

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
ini
ti
alv
eloci
ty(
u)=90km/ s-1
hour=25m.

Ter
minal
vel
oci
ty(
v s-1
)=0m.

Accel
erat
ion(
a)=-
0. s-2
5m.
2 2
Aspert
het
hir
dmot
ionequat
ion,
v -
u=2as
 2 2
Ther
efor
e,di
stancet
rav
eledbyt
het
rai
n(s)=(
v -
u) /
2a

02-
s=( 252)
/2(
-0.
5)met
ers=625met
ers

Thet
rai
nmustt
rav
el625met
ersatanaccel
erat
ionof-
0.5ms-2 
bef
orei
treachest
her
estposi
ti
on.

3.Atr
oll
ey,
whil
egoingdownani
ncl
inedpl
ane,
hasanaccel
erat
ionof2cm s-2.Whatwi
llbei
ts
vel
oci
ty3saft
erthest
art
?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
ini
ti
alv
eloci
ty(
u)=0(
thet
rol
l
eybegi
nsf
rom t
her
estposi
ti
on)

Accel
erat
ion( 02ms-2
a)=0.

Ti
me(
t)=3s

Aspert
hef
ir
stmot
ionequat
ion,
v=u+at

Ther
efor
e,t
ermi
nal
vel
oci
tyoft
het
rol
l
ey(
v)=0+(
0.02ms-2)
(3s) 06ms-2
=0.

Ther
efor
e,t
hev
eloci
tyoft
het
rol
l
eyaf
ter3secondswi
l
l s-2
be6cm.

4.Ar
aci
ngcarhasauni
for
m accel
erat
ionof4m s-2.Whatdi
stancewi
lli
tcoveri
n10saf
terst
art
?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
thecari
sini
ti
all
yatr
est
;ini
ti
alv
eloci
t u)=0ms-1
y(

Accel
erat
i a)=4ms-2
on(

Ti
meper
iod(
t)=10s
2
Aspert
hesecondmot
ionequat
ion,
s=ut
+1/
2at

Ther
efor
e,t
het
otal
dist
ancecov
eredbyt
hecar(
s)=0*10m +1/
2(4ms-2)
( 2
10s)

=200met
ers

Ther
efor
e,t
hecarwi
l
lcov
eradi
stanceof200met
ersaf
ter10seconds.

5.Astoneisthr
owninaver
tical
lyupwar ddir
ecti
onwithavel
ociyof5m s-1.I
t ftheacceler
ati
onof
–2
thest
oneduringit
smoti
onis10m s   inthedownwarddir
ect
ion,whatwi
llbetheheightatt
ained
bythestoneandhowmuchtimewi l
littaketoreacht
here?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
ini
ti
alv
eloci
ty(
u)=5m/
s

Ter
minal
vel
oci
ty(
v)=0m/
s(si
ncet
hest
onewi
l
lreachaposi
ti
onofr
estatt
hepoi
ntofmax
imum
hei
ght
)

Accel
erat
ion=10ms-2 
i
nthedi
rect
ionopposi
tet
othet
raj
ect
oryoft
hest 10ms-2
one=-
2
Aspert
het
hir
dmot
ionequat
ion,
v –u2 
  =2as

Ther
efor
e,t
hedi
stancet
rav
eledbyt
hest
one( 02 
s)=( –52)
/2(
10)

Di
stance(
s)=1.
25met
ers
Aspert
hef
ir
stmot
ionequat
ion,
v=u+at

Ther
efor
e,t
imet
akenbyt
hest
onet
oreachaposi
ti
onofr
est(
max
imum hei
ght
)=(
v–u)/
a

=(
0-5)
/-10s

Ti
met
aken=0.
5seconds

Ther
efor
e,t
hest
oner
eachesamax
imum hei
ghtof1.
25met
ersi
nat
imef
rameof0.
5seconds.

Exer
cisesPage:112,
113

1.Anathl
etecompl
etesoneroundofacircul
artr
ackofdi
ameter200m i
n40s.Whatwi
llbet
he
di
stancecover
edandthedi
splacementattheendof2minut
es20s?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
diamet
eroft
het
rack(
d)=200m

Ther
efor
e,ci
rcumf
erenceoft
het
rack(
π*d)=200πmet
ers.

Di
stancecov
eredi
n40seconds=200πmet
ers

Di
stancecov
eredi
n1second= 
200π/
40

Di
stancecov
eredi
n2mi
nut
esand20seconds(
140seconds)=140*
 200π/
40met
ers

=(
140*
200*
22)
/(40*7)met
ers=2200met
ers

Numberofl
apscompl
etedbyt
heat
hlet
ein140seconds=140/
40=3.
5

Theref
ore,t
hef
inalposi
ti
onoftheathl
ete(withr
espectt
otheini
ti
alposi
ti
on)i
sattheopposi
teend
ofthecir
cul
art
rack.Ther
efor
e,thenetdi
splacementwil
lbeequalt
othediamet
erofthet
rack,
which
i
s200m.

Theref
ore,
thenetdi
stancecov
eredbyt
heat
hlet
eis2200met
ersandt
het
otal
displ
acementoft
he
athl
etei
s200m.

2.Josephjogsfr
om oneendAtot heotherendBofastr
aight300m roadin2minutes30seconds
andthenturnsar
oundandjogs100m backt opoi
ntCinanother1minute.Whatar
eJoseph’s
aver
agespeedsandveloci
ti
esinjogging(a)fr
om At
oBand( b)from AtoC?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
dist
ancecov
eredf
rom poi
ntAt
opoi
ntB=300met
ers

Di
stancecov
eredf
rom poi
ntAt
opoi
ntC=300m +100m =400met
ers

Ti
met
akent
otr
avel
from poi
ntAt
opoi
ntB=2mi
nut
esand30seconds=150seconds

Ti
met
akent
otr
avel
from poi
ntAt
opoi
ntC=2mi
n30secs+1mi
n=210seconds

Di
spl
acementf
rom At
oB=300met
ers

Di
spl
acementf
rom At
oC=300m –100m =200met
ers

Av
eragespeed=t
otal
dist
ancet
rav
ell
ed/t
otal
timet
aken
Av
eragev
eloci
ty= 
tot
aldi
spl
acement
/tot
alt
imet
aken

Ther
efor
e,t
heav
eragespeedwhi
l
etr
avel
i
ngf
rom At 150ms-1 
oB=300/ =2m/
s

Av
eragespeedwhi
l
etr
avel
i
ngf
rom At 210ms-1=1.
oC=400/ 9m/
s

Av
eragev
eloci
tywhi
l
etr
avel
i
ngf
rom At 150ms-1=2m/
oB=300/ s

Av
eragev
eloci
tywhi
l
etr
avel
i
ngf
rom At 210ms-1=0.
oC=200/ 95m/
s

3.Abdul
,whil
edri
vingtoschool,computestheaveragespeedforhi
stri
ptobe20km.h–1.Onhi
s
–1
ret
urntr
ipal
ongthesamer oute,ther
eislesst
raff
icandtheaveragespeedi
s30km.h .Whatis
theaver
agespeedforAbdul’
st r
ip?

Sol
uti
on

Di
stancet
rav
eledt
oreacht
heschool
=di
stancet
rav
eledt
oreachhome=d(
say
)

Ti
met
akent
oreachschool
=t1

Ti
met
akent
oreachhome=t
2

ther
efor
e,av
eragespeedwhi
l
egoi
ngt
oschool
=tot
aldi
stancet
rav
ell
ed/t
otal
timet
aken=d/
t1 
=20
kmph

Av
eragespeedwhi
l
egoi
nghome=t
otal
dist
ancet
rav
ell
ed/t
otal
timet
aken=d/
t2=30kmph

Ther
efor
e,t
1 
=d/
20and 
t2 
=d/
30

Now,
theav
eragespeedf
ort
heent
ir
etr
ipi
sgi
venby
 tot
aldi
stancet
rav
ell
ed/t
otal
timet
aken

=(
d+d)
/(t
1+t
2)kmph=(
d+d)
/(d/
20+d/
30)
kmph

5kmh-1 
=120/ =24kmh-1

Ther
efor
e,Abdul
sav
eragespeedf
ort
heent
ir
etr
ipi
s24ki
l
omet
ersperhour
.

4.Amot orboatst
art
ingfr
om restonalakeaccel
eratesinast
rai
ghtl
ineataconst
antr
ateof3.
0m
–2
s  for8.
0s.Howf ardoestheboattr
aveldur
ingthisti
me?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
ini
ti
alv
eloci
tyoft
heboat=0m/
s

Accel
erat
i heboat=3ms-2
onoft

Ti
meper
iod=8s
2
Aspert
hesecondmot
ionequat
ion,
s=ut+1/
2at
2
Ther
efor
e,t
het
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledbyboati
n8seconds=0+1/
2(3)
(8)

=96met
ers

Ther
efor
e,t
hemot
orboatt
rav
elsadi
stanceof96met
ersi
nat
imef
rameof8seconds.

5.Adri
verofacartravel
lngat52km h–1 
i appli
esthebrakesandaccel
eratesuni
formlyinthe
opposi
tedi
rect
ion.Thecarst
opsin5s.Anot herdr
i ngat3km h–1 
vergoi i
nanothercarappli
eshi
s
brakessl
owlyandst
opsin10s.Ont
hesamegr aphpaper,
plott
hespeedver
susti
megr
aphsf
or
thetwocars.Whi
choft
hetwocarst
ravel
ledf
artheraf
tert
hebrakeswer
eappli
ed?

Sol
uti
on

Thespeedv
/st
imegr
aphsf
ort
het
wocar
scanbepl
ott
edasf
oll
ows.

Thetotal
displ
acementofeachcarcanbeobt
ainedbycal
cul
ati
ngt
hear
eabeneat
hthespeed-
ti
me
graph.

Ther
efor
e,di
spl
acementoft
hef
ir
stcar=ar
eaoft
ri
angl
eAOB

=(
1/2)
*(OB)
*(OA)

h-1 
ButOB=5secondsandOA=52km. =14.
44m/
s

Ther
efor
e,t
hear
eaoft
het
ri
angl
eAOBi
sgi
venby
:(1/
2)*
(5s)
*( 44ms-1)=36met
14. ers

Now,
thedi
spl
acementoft
hesecondcari
sgi
venbyt
hear
eaoft
het
ri
angl
eCOD

=(
1/2)
*(OD)
*(OC)

h-1 
ButOC=10secondsandOC=3km. =0.
83m/
s

Ther
efor
e,ar
eaoft
ri
angl
eCOD=(
1/2)
*(10s)
*( 83ms-1)=4.
0. 15met
ers

Therefor
e,thefi
rstcari
sdispl
acedby36meter
swhereasthesecondcari
sdispl
acedby4.
15
meters.Theref
ore,thef
ir
stcar(whi
chwast
ravel
ingat52kmph)trav
eledf
art
herpostt
heappl
icat
ion
ofbrakes.
6.Fi
g8.11showsthedistance-
ti
megr
aphoft
hreeobj
ect
sA,
BandC.St
udyt
hegr
aphandanswer
thef
oll
owingquest
ions:

(
a)Whi
chofthethr
eeistr
avel
li
ngt
hefastest
?(b)Ar
eallt
hreeeveratthesamepoi
ntont heroad?
(
c)HowfarhasCtr
avel
ledwhenBpassesA?(d)HowfarhasBtravel
ledbythet
imeitpassesC?

Sol
uti
on

(
a)si
ncet
hesl
opeofl
i
neBi
sthegr
eat
est
,Bi
str
avel
i
ngatt
hef
ast
estspeed.

(b)sincet
hethr
eel
inesdonoti
nter
sectatasi
ngl
epoi
nt,
thet
hreeobj
ect
snev
ermeetatt
hesame
pointonther
oad.

(c)si
ncet
her
ear
e7uni
tar
easoft
hegr
aphbet
ween0and4ont
heYax
is,
1gr
aphuni
tequal
s4/
7
km.

Si
ncethei
nit
ial
poi
ntofobjectCi
s4gr
aphuni
tsawayf
rom t
heor
igi
n,I
tsi
nit
ial
dist
ancef
rom t
he
or
igi
nis4*
(4/7)
km =16/7km

WhenApassesB,
thedi
stancebet
weent
heor
igi
nandCi
s8km

Ther
efor
e,t
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledbyCi
nthi
sti
me=8–(
16/
7)km =5.
71km

(
d)t
hedi
stancet
hatobj
ectBhascov
eredatt
hepoi
ntwher
eitpassesCi
sequal
to9gr
aphuni
ts.

Ther
efor
e,t
otal
dist
ancet
rav
eledbyBwheni
tcr
ossesC=9*
(4/
7)=5.
14km
7.Aballi
sgent
lydroppedf
rom ahei
ghtof20m.I fi
tsvel
oci
tyincr
easesunif
orml
yatther
ateof10
-
2
ms, wit
hwhatvel
ocit
ywil
litst
ri
ketheground?Aft
erwhatti
mewi lli
tst
ri
kethegr
ound?

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
ini
ti
alv
eloci
tyoft
hebal
l(u)=0(
sincei
tbeganatt
her
estposi
ti
on)

Di
stancet
rav
eledbyt
hebal
l(s)=20m

Accel
erat
i a)=10ms-2
on(

Aspert
het
hir
dmot
ionequat
ion,

Ther
efor
e,

=2*
(10ms-2)
*(20m)+0
2 
v=400m2s-2

Ther
efor
e,=20ms-1
v

Thebal
lhi
tst
hegr
oundwi
thav
eloci
tyof20met
erspersecond.

Aspert
hef
ir
stmot
ionequat
ion,

Ther
efor
e,t=(
v-u)
/a

=(
20-
0)ms-1 
/10ms-2

=2seconds

Ther
efor
e,t
hebal
lreachest
hegr
oundaf
ter2seconds.

8.Thespeed-
ti
megr
aphf
oracari
sshowni
sFi
g.8.
12

(
a)Findhowfardoesthecart
raveli
nthefi
rst4seconds.Shadetheareaonthegrapht
hat
r
epresent
sthedist
ancetr
avel
ledbythecarduri
ngtheperiod.(
b)Whichpartoft
hegraph
r
epresent
sunif
orm moti
onofthecar?

Sol
uti
on

(
a)
Theshadedar
ear
epr
esent
sthedi
spl
acementoft
hecarov
erat
imeper
iodof4seconds.I
tcanbe
cal
cul
atedas:

(
1/2)
*4*
6=12met
ers.Ther
efor
ethecart
rav
elsat
otal
of12met
ersi
nthef
ir
stf
ourseconds.

(
b)Si
ncethespeedoft
hecardoesnotchangef r
om t
hepoi
nts(
x=6)and(
x=10)
,thecari
ssai
dtobe
t
h th
i
nuni
for
m motionfr
om t
he6  t
othe10  second.

9.Statewhi
chofthef ol
lowingsituat
ionsarepossi
bleandgiveanexampleforeachoft
hese:(a)an
obj
ectwithaconstantaccelerat
ionbutwithzerovel
ocity(
b)anobjectmovi
ngwi t
hanacceler
ation
butwithuni
for
m speed.( c)anobjectmovinginacertai
ndir
ecti
onwithanacceler
ati
oni
nthe
perpendi
cul
ardir
ection.

Sol
uti
on

(
a)Iti
spossi
ble;
anobjectt
hrownupi
ntot
heairhasaconstantaccel
erat
ionduet
ogr
avi
tyact
ingon
i
t.Howev
er,whenitr
eachesit
smaxi
mum hei
ght,i
tsv
eloci
tyiszero.

(
b)i
tisi
mpossi
ble;
accel
erat
ioni
mpli
esanincr
easeordecr
easei
nspeed,
anduni
for
m speed
i
mpl
iest
hatt
hespeeddoesnotchangeov
ertime

(
c)I
tispossi
ble;
foranobj
ectacceler
ati
ngi
naci
rcul
art
raj
ect
ory
,theaccel
erat
ioni
sper
pendi
cul
ar
t
othedir
ecti
onfoll
owedbytheobject
.

10.Anarti
fi
cialsat
ell
it
eismovinginaci
rcul
aror
bitofr
adi
us42250km.Cal
cul
atei
tsspeedi
fit
takes24hourstorevol
vearoundtheear
th.

Sol
uti
on

Gi
ven,
radi
usoft
heor
bit=42250km

Ther
efor
e,ci
rcumf
erenceoft
heor
bit=2*
π*42250km =265571.
42km
Ti
met
akenf
ort
heor
bit=24hour
s

Ther
efor
e,speedoft
hesat
ell
i
te=11065. h-1
4km.

Thesat
ell
i
teor
bit
stheEar
thataspeedof11065.
4ki
l
omet
ersperhour
.

Fr
equent
lyAskedQuest
ionsonMot
ion

Anobj
ecthasmovedthr
oughadistance.Cani
thavezer
o
di
spl
acement?I
fyes,
suppor
tyouranswerwithanexample.
Yes,anobjectmov i
ngacertai
ndi stancecanhav ez er
ot ot
aldi
spl
acement.Di
splacementrefer
sto
theshor
testdist
ancebetweent heiniti
al andthefinalposit
ionsoft
heobject
.Evenifanobject
mov est
hroughaconsiderabledistance, i
fiteventuall
ycomesbackt oi
tsini
ti
alposit
ion,
the
corr
espondingdispl
acementoft heobj ectwoul dbez ero.

Underwhatcondi
ti
on(
s)isthemagni t
udeoft
heav
eragev
eloci
ty
ofanobj
ectequaltoi
tsaveragespeed?
Sinceaver
agespeedisthetot
aldi
stancetr
avel
ledi
natimef r
ameandv el
ocityi
sthetot
al
displ
acementi
nt heti
meframe,t
hemagni t
udeofaver
agev el
oci
tyandaveragespeedwil
lbet
he
samewhent hetotal
dist
ancetr
avel
ledisequal
t ot
hedispl
acement.

Whatdoest
heodomet
erofanaut
omobi
lemeasur
e?
Theodomet
ermeasur
est
het
otal
dist
ancet
rav
ell
edbyaut
omobi
l
e.

Whatdoest
hepat
hofanobj
ectl
ookl
ikewheni
tisi
nuni
for
m
moti
on?
Thepat
hofanobj
ecti
nuni
for
m mot
ioni
sast
rai
ghtl
i
ne.