02-09-2021

What is a System ?
■ A collection of Physical, biological or abstract components which together perform
an intended objectives.
■ A system gives an Output ( also called as Response) for an Input ( also called as
Excitation)

■ System can also be collection of multiple sub-systems

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Examples of system

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Classification of systems
■ Variety of classification is possible based on system features and
applications.
■ Some of the important classification includes
 Linear and Non-Linear Systems
 Static and Dynamic systems
 Time invariant and Time variant systems
 Causal and Non-causal systems.

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Linear Vs Non- Linear System

Linear System Non-Linear System
Output of the system varies linearly with input Output of the system does not vary linearly with
input

Satisfy the HOMOGENEITY and SUPERPOSITION Do not Satisfy the HOMOGENEITY and
SUPERPOSITION

Superposition : F(x1+x2) = F(x1)+F(x2)

Homogeneity : F(ax1) = aF(x1)

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Linear Vs Non- Linear System

Superposition : F(x1+x2) = F(x1)+F(x2) Superposition : F(2+8) = F(2)+F(8)

Homogeneity : F(ax1) = aF(x1) Homogeneity : F(10*2) = 10F(2)

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Static Vs Dynamic systems

Static System Dynamic System

At any time, Output of the Output of the system

system depends only on depends on present as well
present input. as on past input.
Memory less system Presence of memory can be
observed.

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Time Invariant Vs Time variant systems

Time Invariant System Time variant System

Output of the system Output of the system

is independent of the varies dependent on
time at which the the time at which
input is applied. input is applied.

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