Adama Science and Technology University

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
EM Waves and Guided structures
ASSIGNMENT-1 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 31.12.2019

1. Suppose an amplifier is designed of three identical states, each of which has a gain of Gi
=5 and a noise figure Fi =6,i=1,2,3. Determine the overall noise figure of the cascade of
the three stages.
2. A certain communication channel is characterized by 90-dB attenuation and additive
white noise with power-spectral density of N0/2 = 0.5×10−14 W/Hz. The bandwidth of
the message signal is 1.5 MHz and its amplitude is uniformly distributed in the interval
[−1,1]. If we require that the SNR after demodulation be 30 dB, in each of the following
cases find the necessary transmitter power.
a) USSB(upper single-sideband) modulation.
b) Conventional AM with a modulation index of 0.5.
c) DSB-SC modulation.
3. The received signal r (t) = s (t) +n (t) in a communication system is passed through an
ideal LPF with bandwidth W and unity gain. The signal component s(t) has a power-
spectral density

Where B is the 3-dB bandwidth. The noise component n(t) has a power-spectral density
N0/2 for all frequencies. Determine and plot the SNR as a function of the ratio W/B.
What is the filter bandwidth W that yields a maximum SNR?
4. Explain how noise affects performance of analog modulation systems?
5. Derive SNR for DSB-SC, SSB-SC and conventional AM?
6. Compare all analog modulation systems with respect to SNR, Band width efficiency,
power efficiency, ease of implementation, and figure of merit?
7. A DSB amplitude-modulated signal with power-spectral density as shown in Figure P-
5.3(a) is corrupted with additive noise that has a power-spectral density N0/2 with in the
pass band of the signal. The received signal-plus-noise is demodulated and low pass
filtered as shown in Figure P-5.3(b). Determine the SNR at the output of the LPF.
8. A sinusoidal message signal whose frequency is less than 1000 Hz, modulates the carrier
c(t) = 10−3 cos2πfct. The modulation scheme is conventional AM and the modulation
index is 0.5. The channel noise is additive white with power spectral density of N0 /2 =
10−12 W/Hz. At the receiver, the signal is processed as shown in FigureP-5.5(a). The
frequency response of the band pass noise-limiting filter is shown in Figure P-5.5(b).
a) Find the signal power and the noise power at the output of the noise-limiting
filter.
b) Find the output SNR.

9. The input to the system shown in Figure P-5.2 is the signal plus noise waveform r(t) = Ac
cos2πfct +n(t) where n (t) is a sample function of a white-noise process with spectral
density N0/2.
 a) Determine the frequency response of the RC filter.
b) Sketch the frequency response of the overall system.
c) Determine the SNR at the output of the ideal LPF assuming that W > fc.

10. The message signal m(t) has a bandwidth of 10 KHz, a power of 16 W and a maximum
amplitude of 6. It is desirable to transmit this message to a destination via a channel with
80-dB attenuation and additive white noise with power-spectral density Sn( f ) = N0 2
=10 −12 W/Hz, and achieve a SNR at the modulator output of at least 50 dB. What is the
required transmitter power and channel bandwidth if the following modulation schemes
are employed?
a) DSB AM
b) SSB AM
c) Conventional AM with modulation index equal to 0.8