DAY FOUR

Laws
of Motion
Learning & Revision for the Day

u Concept of Forces u Principle of Conservation of u Connected Motion

u Inertia Linear Momentum u Equilibrium of concurrent Forces
u Newton’s Laws of Motion u Free Body Diagram u Friction

Concept of Forces
A push or a pull exerted on any object, is defined to be a force. It is a vector quantity.
Force can be grouped into two types:
l
Contact forces are the forces that act between two bodies in contact, e.g. tension,
normal reaction, friction etc.
l
Non-contact forces are the forces that act between two bodies separated by a distance
without any actual contact. e.g. gravational force between two bodies and electrostatic
form between two charges etc.

Inertia
The inability of a body to change by itself its state of rest or state of uniform motion along
a straight line is called inertia of the body.
As inertia of a body is measured by the mass of the body. Heavier the body, greater the PREP
force required to change its state and hence greater is its inertia. There are three type of
inertia (i) inertia of rest (ii) inertia of motion (iii) inertia of direction.
MIRROR
Your Personal Preparation Indicator

Newton’s Laws of Motion u No. of Questions in Exercises (x)—

u No. of Questions Attempted (y)—
First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) u No. of Correct Questions (z)—
(Without referring Explanations)
It states that a body continues to be in a state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight
line, unless it is acted upon by some external force the change the state. This is also u Accuracy Level (z / y × 100)—
called law of inertia. u Prep Level (z / x × 100)—
If F = 0, ⇒ v = constant ⇒ a = 0
l
This law defines force. In order to expect good rank in JEE,
your Accuracy Level should be above
l
The body opposes any external change in its state of rest or of uniform motion. 85 & Prep Level should be above 75.
l
It is also known as the law of inertia given by Galileo.
38 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

Linear Momentum Applications of Conservation

It is defined as the total amount of motion of a body and is
measured as the product of the mass of the body and its
of Linear Momentum
velocity. The momentum of a body of mass m moving with a The propulsion of rockets and jet planes is based on the
velocity v is given by p = mv. principle of conservation of linear momentum.
u dm
Its unit is kg-ms–1 and dimensional formula is [ML T –1] l
Upward thrust on the rocket, F = − − mg and if effect
dt
u dm
of gravity is neglected, then F = − .
Second Law of Motion dt
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly l
Instantaneous upward velocity of the rocket
proportional to the applied force and takes place in the m 
v = u ln  0  − gt
direction in which the force acts.  m
dp dp and neglecting the effect of gravity
According to second law, F ∝ or F = k
dt dt m  m 
v = u ln  0  = 2.303 u log 10  0 
where, k is constant.  m  m
dp d m dv where, m0 = initial mass of the rocket including that of the
as, = (mv) = ma or = ma
dt dt dt fuel,
i. e., second law can be written as u = initial velocity of the rocket at any time t ,
dp m = mass of the rocket left,
F = = ma
dt v = velocity acquired by the rocket,
The SI unit of force is newton (N) and in CGS system is dyne. dm
= rate of combination of fuel.
1 N = 10 5 dyne dt
l
Burnt out speed of the rocket is the speed attained by the
Impulse rocket when the whole of fuel of the rocket has been burnt.
Burnt out speed of the rocket
Impulse received during an impact is defined as the product
of the average force and the time for which the force acts. m  m 
vb = u loge  0  = 3.303 u log 10  0 
Impulse, I = Fav t  mr   mr 
Impulse is also equal to the total change in momentum of the
body during the impact. Apparent Weight of a Boy in a Lift
Impulse, I = p2 − p1 Actual weight of the body is mg. Here we consider the
apparent weight of a man standing in a moving lift.
Impulse = Change in momentum
l
If lift is accelerating upward with acceleration a, then
apparent weight of the body is R = m(g + a).
Third Law of Motion l
If lift is accelerating downward at the rate of acceleration a,
To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. then apparent weight of the body is R = m(g − a)
F12 = − F21 l
If lift is moving upward or downward with constant
l
Action and reaction are mutually opposite and act on two velocity, then apparent weight of the body is equal to
different bodies. actual weight.
l
The force acting on a body is known as action.
l
If the lift is falling freely under the effect of gravity, then it
is called weightlessness condition.
l
When a forc acts on a body, then the reaction acts normally
to the surface of the body.
Free Body Diagram
Principle of Conservation A free body diagram (FBD) consists of a diagramatize
representation of a single body or sub-system of bodies
of Linear Momentum isolated from its surroundings showing all forces acting on it.
It states that if no external force is acting on a system, the While sketching a free body diagram the following points
momentum of the system remains constant. should be kept in mind.
dp Normal reaction (N) always acts
According to second law of motion, F =
l

A B
dt normal to the surface on which the
If no force is acting, then F = 0 body is kept.
dp When two objects A and B are connected by a string, the
∴ = 0 ⇒ p = constant
l

dt tension for object A is towards B and for object B, it is

or m1v 1 = m2 v2 = constant towards A.
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 39

Tension in the string,

Connected Motion F (m3 + m2 )
If two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are placed on a perfectly T1 = (m2 + m3 )a =
(m1 + m2 + m3 )
l

smooth surface and are in contact, then

F m3
A B and tension T2 = m3 a =
m1 + m2 + m3
F f f
m1 m2
l
For a block system shown in the figure, acceleration of the
system
F F
Acceleration of the blocks, a = a=
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 + m3
and the contact force (acting normally) between the two
F m2 T1 T2 m3
blocks is f = m2 a = . m1 m2 F
(m1 + m2 )
l
A block system is shown in the figure Tension in the string,
m1F
m2 F T1 =
m1 m1 + m2 + m3
F (m1 + m2 )F
Acceleration of the blocks a = and T2 =
m1 + m2 m1 + m2 + m3
Contact force between two blocks
m1F
l
For a block system suspended freely from a
f = m1a = rigid support as shown in the figure, the T1
(m1 + m2 )
acceleration of the system a = 0.
m1 A
l
For a block of mass m placed on a fixed, perfectly smooth String tension,
inclined plane of angle θ, the forces acting on the block are T1 = (m1 + m2 + m3 )g T2
as shown in the figure. Obviously, here a = g sin θ m2 B
N
T2 = (m2 + m3 )g
m F and T3 = m3 g T3

a m3 C

θ θ
sin
mg mg cos θ
θ mg l
For a block system and a pulley as shown in the figure,
value of the acceleration of the system
l
If a block of mass m is placed on a smooth movable wedge of
mass M, which in turn is placed on smooth surface, then a (m + m2 − m3 )g
a= 1 T
force F is applied on the wedge, horizontally. (m1 + m2 + m3 )
The acceleration of the wedge and the block is 2 m1m3 g
Tension, T1 =
N cos θ (m1 + m2 + m3 ) T2
T2
a
N 2 m3 (m1 + m2 )g
θ Tension, T2 =
m (m1 + m2 + m3 ) C m3 m2 B

N sin θ and tension T

ma T1 a
F
4 m3 (m1 + m2 )g
T = 2 T2 =
(m1 + m2 + m3 ) m1
A
θ mg M
F
l
For the pulley and block arrangement as shown in the
a= figure, we have
(M + m)
Force on the block, F = (M + m)a = (M + m)g tan θ T2 T1
M
l
For a block system shown in the figure, acceleration of the
system
F T2
T1
a=
m1 + m2 + m3 a
a
m2 (m1 > m2)
A B C m1
m1 m2 m3
F T1 T2
40 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

Net acceleration, Lami Theorem For three concurrent forces in equilibrium

Net accelerating force (m1 − m2 )g position.
a= = P R
Total mass (m1 + m2 + M ) β
(M + 2 m2 )m1g γ α
Tension, T1 = m1(g − a) =
(M + m1 + m2 )
(M + 2 m1)m2 g
and Tension, T2 = m2 (g + a) =
(M + m1 + m2 )
Q
l
For the system of block and pulley, with a smooth inclined P Q R
= =
plane as shown in the figure, we have sin α sin β sin γ

N a
T Friction
m2 T
Whenever an object actually slides or rolls over the surface of
θ
in another body or tends to do so, a force opposing the relative
gs
m2 θ a motion starts acting between these two surfaces in contact. It
m2 g cos θ m1
θ m 2g is known as friction or the force due to friction. Force of
friction acts in a tangential direction to the surfaces in contact.
Net acceleration,
(m − m2 sin θ)g
a= 1 , if m1g > m2 g sin θ Types of Friction
(m1 + m2 )
The four types of friction are given below
(m2 sin θ − m1)g
and a= , if m1g < m2 g sin θ 1. Static Friction It is the opposing force that comes into
m1 + m2
play when one body is at rest and a force acts to move it
and tension in the string over the surface of another body.
m m (1 + sin θ) It is a self adjusting force and is always equal and opposite
T = m1(g − a) = 1 2
(m1 + m2 ) to the applied force.
l
For a pulley and block system on a smooth double inclined 2. Limiting Friction It is the limiting (maximum) value of
plane as shown in the figure, we have static friction when a body is just on the verge of starting
its motion over the surface of another body.
N
a T N
T
N
m2
m1
Applied
θ1 force F
sin a
m2

g
m1
g

f = µN
sin

m1g cos θ1 m2g cos θ2 θ2

θ1
θ2

(m2 sin θ2 − m1 sin θ 1)g

Net acceleration, a = , The force of limiting friction f l between the surfaces of
(m1 + m2 ) two bodies is directly proportional to the normal reaction
for θ2 > θ 1, m2 > m1 at the point of contact. Mathematically,
and tension in the string, fl ∝ N or fl = µ l N
m1m2 (sin θ 1 + sin θ2 )g f
T = ⇒ µl = l
(m1 + m2 ) N
where, µ l is the coefficient of limiting friction for the
given surfaces in contact.
Equilibrium of Concurrent Forces 3. Kinetic Friction It is the opposing force that comes into
If a number of forces act at the same point, they are called play when one body is actually slides over the surface of
concurrent forces. another body. Force of kinetic friction fk is directly
The necessary condition for the equilibrium of a body under f
proportional to the normal reaction N and the ratio k is
the action of concurrent forces is that the vector sum of all the N
forces acting on the body must be zero. called coefficient of kinetic friction µ k , value of µ k is
Mathematically for equilibrium, slightly less than µe (µ k < µ l ).
Σ Fnet = 0 or ΣFx = 0, ΣF y = 0 and ΣFz = 0 Whenever limiting friction is converted into kinetic
friction, body started motion with a lurch.
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 41

4. Rolling Friction It is the opposing force that comes into In limiting condition, f1 = mg sin φ
play when a body of symmetric shape (wheel or cylinder ⇒ N = mg cos φ
or disc, etc.) rolls over the surface of another body. Force
f1
of rolling friction fr is directly proportional to the normal = tan φ
reaction N and inversely proportional to the radius (r ) of N
the wheel. f1
∴ = µ s = tan φ
N N N
Thus, fr ∝ or fr = µ r
r r
The constant µ r is known as the coefficient of rolling Acceleration of a Block on
friction µ r has the unit and dimensions of length.
Applying a Force on a Rough Surface
Magnitudewise µ r << µ k or µ l .
l
Acceleration of a block on a horizontal surface is as shown
l
The value of rolling friction is much smaller than the in the figure.
value of sliding friction.
N
l
Ball bearings are used to reduce the wear and tear and
energy loss against friction.
f = µN F
Angle of Friction
Angle of friction is defined as the angle θ which the resultant R
mg
of the force of limiting friction fl and normal reaction N,
subtends with the normal reaction. F − f F − µmg
The tangent of the angle of friction is equal to the coefficient a= =
m m
of friction. i.e. µ = tan θ F
or a= − µg
R N m
where, µ = coefficient of kinetic friction between the two
surfaces in contact.
θ
fl l
Acceleration of block sliding down a rough inclined plane
Applied force F as shown in the figure is given by
a = g(sin α − µ cos α )
Angle of Repose N
µN
Angle of repose is the least angle of the inclined plane f=
(of given surface) with the horizontal such that the given body ma
placed over the plane, just begins to slide down, without α α
getting accelerated. sin
mg mg mg cos α
N α
fl
l
Retardation of a block sliding up a rough inclined plane as
nφ φ shown in the figure is a = g(sin α + µ cos α )
si
mg mg mg cos φ
φ N
F
The tangent of the angle of repose is equal to the coefficient of
friction. ma
α α
Hence, we conclude that angle of friction (θ) is equal to the sin
mg µN mg mg cos α
angle of repose (φ). α
42 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 1

FOUNDATION QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 Five forces inclined at an angle of 72° w.r.t. each other
act on a particle of mass m placed at the origin. Four
(a) F1 (b) F1 F3
forces are of magnitude F1 and one has a magnitude F2.
F3
Find the resultant acceleration of the particle.
F2 − F1
(a) (b) Zero F2 F2
m
F2 + F1 F2 − 4F1 F1
(c) (d)
m m
(c) F2 (d) F1 F3
2 A ball of mass 0.2 kg is thrown vertically upwards by F3
applying a force by hand. If the hand moves by 0.2 m
while applying the force and the ball goes upto 2 m
F2
height further, find the magnitude of the force.
(take, g = 10 ms −2) 8 A string of negligible mass, going over a clamped pulley
(a) 4 N (b) 16 N (c) 20 N (d) 22 N of mass m supports a block of mass M as shown in the
3 A player catches a cricket ball of mass 150 g, moving at figure. The force on the pulley by the clamp is given by
a rate of 20 ms −1. If the catching process is completed in m
0.1 s, the force of the blow exerted by the ball on the
hand of the player is equal to
(a) 150 N (b) 3 N (c) 30 N (d) 300 N
4 A ball of mass m is thrown vertically upwards with a
velocity v. If air exerts an average resisting force F , the
M
velocity with which the ball returns to the thrower is
mg F
(a) v (b) v
mg + F mg + F (a) 2Mg (b) [(M + m)2 + m 2 ] g
mg − F mg + F (c) 2Mg (d) [(M + m) + m]2 g
(c) v (d) v
mg + F mg
9 A bullet is fired from a gun. The force on the bullet is
5 A block of mass 200 g is moving with a velocity of 5 ms −1 given by F = ( 600 − 2 × 10 5t ), where F is in newton and t
along the positive x-direction. At time t = 0, when the is in second. The force on the bullet becomes zero as
body is at x = 0, a constant force 0.4 N is directed along soon as it leaves the barrel. What is the average impulse
the negative x-direction , is applied on the body for 10 s. imparted to the bullet?
What is the position x of the body at t = 2.5 s?
(a) 9 N-s (b) Zero (c) 0.9 N-s (d) 1.8 N-s
(a) x = 6.75 m (b) x = 6.25 m
(c) x = 6 m (d) x = 6.50 m 10 Two wooden blocks are moving on a smooth horizontal
6 Two trains A and B are running in the same direction on surface, such that the mass m remains stationary with
parallel tracks such that A is faster than B. If packets of respect to the block of mass M as shown in the figure.
equal weight are exchanged between the two, then The magnitude of force P is
(a) A will be retarded but B will be accelerated
(b) A will be accelerated but B will be retarded
(c) there will not be any change in the velocity of A but B m
P
will be accelerated
M
(d) there will not be any change in the velocity of B, but A
will be accelerated b
7 Which of the four arrangements in the figure correctly
shows the vector addition of two forces F1 and F2 to yield (a) g tan β (b) mg cos β
(c) (M + m) cosec β (d) (M + m) g tan β
the third force F3?
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 43

11 The figure below shows a uniform rod of length 30 cm 18 A satellite in a force-free space sweeps out stationary
dM
having a mass of 3.0 kg. The strings as shown in the interplanetary dust at a rate = αv , where M is the
figure are pulled by constant forces of 20 N and 32 N. dt
Find the force exerted by the 20 cm part of the rod on mass and v is the velocity of the satellites and α is a
constant. The deceleration of the satellite is
the 10 cm part. All the surfaces are smooth and the
2 αv 2 αv 2 αv 2
strings are light (a) (b) − (c) − (d) −αv 2
M M 2M
F F
19 A lift is moving down with an acceleration a. A man in the
lift drops a ball inside the lift. The acceleration of the ball
20 N 10 cm 20 cm 32 N as observed by the man in the lift and a man standing
(a) 36 N (b) 12 N (c) 64 N (d) 24 N stationary on the ground are respectively
(a) g, g (b) a, a (c) (g − a), g (d) a, g
12 Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 4.8 kg, tied
to a string, are hanging over a light 20 A spring balance is attached to the ceiling of a lift. A man
hangs his bag on the string and the balance reads 49 N,
frictionless pulley. What is the acceleration of
when the lift is stationary. If the lift moves downwards
the masses produced when system is free to with an acceleration of 5 ms −2 , the reading of the spring
move? (take, g = 9.8 ms −2 ) m1 balance would be
(a) 0.2 ms −2 (b) 9.8 ms −2 (a) 24 N (b) 74 N (c) 15 N (d) 49 N
(c) 5 ms −2 (d) 4.8 ms −2 m2
21 A block A is able to slide on the frictionless incline of
13 A light string passing over a smooth light angle θ and length l, kept inside an elevator going up
pulley, connects two blocks of masses m1 and m 2 with uniform velocity v. Time taken by the block to slide
(vertically). If the acceleration of the system is ( g/8), then down the length of the incline, if released from rest is
the ratio of masses is
(a) 8 : 1 (b) 9 : 7 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
v
14 Two bodies of equal masses are connected by a light
inextensible string passing over a smooth frictionless
pulley. The amount of mass that should be transferred
q
from one to another, so that both the masses move 50 m
in 5 s is 2l 2l
(a) (b)
(a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 70% (d) 50% (g + a) sin θ g
15 A man slides down a light rope, whose breaking strength 2l 2l
(c) (d)
is η times his weight. What should be his maximum g sin θ sinθ
acceleration, so that the rope does not break?
g g 22 A plane is inclined at an angle θ with the horizontal. A
(a) g(1 − η) (b) ηg (c) (d)
1+ η 1− η body of mass m rests on it. If the coefficient of friction is
µ, then the minimum force that has to be applied parallel
16 Two blocks of mass M1 = 20kg and M 2 = 12 kg 480 N
to the inclined plane, so as to make the body to just
are connected by a metal rod of mass 8 kg. The
M1 move up the inclined plane, is
system is pulled vertically up by applying a force
of 480 N as shown in figure. The tension at the (a) mg sinθ (b) µ mg cosθ
(c) µ mg cosθ − mg sinθ (d) µ mg cosθ + mg sinθ
mid-point of the rod is
M2 23 A 40 kg slab rests on a frictionless floor. A 10 kg block
ª JEE Main (Online) 2013
rests on the top of the slab. The static coefficients of
(a) 144 N (b) 96 N (c) 240 N (d) 190 N friction between the block and the slab is 0.60, while the
kinetic coefficient is 0.40.
17 Two blocks of masses m and M are The 10 kg block is acted upon by a horizontal force of
connected by means of a metal wire of 100 N. If g = 9.8 ms −2 , the resultant acceleration of the
cross-sectional area A passing over a slab will be
frictionless fixed pulley as shown in the T
T 10 kg 100 N
figure. The system is then released. If
m
M = 2 m , then the stress produced in the
M 40 kg
wire is ª JEE Main (Online) 2013

(a)
2 mg
(b)
4 gm
(c)
gm
(d)
3 mg (a) 0.98 ms −2 (b) 1.47 ms −2
3A 3A A 4A (c) 1.52 ms −2 (d) 6.1 ms −2
44 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

24 A horizontal force of 10 N is necessary to f coefficient of friction between the blocks is 0.1 and
just hold a block stationary against a wall. between block B and the wall is 0.15, the frictional force
10 N
The coefficient of friction between the applied by the wall in block B is ª JEE Main 2015
block and the wall is 0.2. The weight of
the block is F A B
(a) 20 N (b) 50 N
(c) 100 N (d) 2 N
25 What is the maximum value of the force F , such that the 20 N 100 N
block as shown in the arrangement, does not move?
F m = Ö3 kg
1 (a) 100 N (b) 80 N (c) 120 N (d) 150 N
60° m=
2Ö3 31 A point particle of mass m, moves along the uniformly
rough track PQR as shown in the figure. The coefficient
(a) 20 N (b) 10 N (c) 12 N (d) 15 N of friction between the particle and the rough track
equals µ . The particle is released, from rest , from the
26 A block of mass M is held against a rough vertical wall
point P and it comes to rest at a point R. The energies,
by pressing it with a finger. If the coefficient of friction
lost by the ball, over the parts, PQ and QR , of the track,
between the block and the wall is µ and the acceleration
are equal to each other, and no energy is lost when
due to gravity is g, then minimum force required to be
particle changes direction from PQ to QR. The values of
applied by the finger to hold the block against the wall?
the coefficient of friction µ and the distance x(= QR), are
Mg Mg 2M 2 Mg
(a) (b) (c) (d) respectively close to
2µ µ µg µ
P
27 A wooden block of mass M resting on a rough horizontal
surface, is pulled with a force F at an angle with the h=2m
horizontal. If µ is the coefficient of kinetic friction between
30º R
block and the surface, then acceleration of the block is O Q
F F Horizontal
(a) (cos φ + µ sin φ) − µg (b) sin φ surface
M M ª JEE Main 2016 (Offline)
(c) µ F cos φ (d) µ F sinφ
(a) 0.2 and 6.5 m (b) 0.2 and 3.5 m
28 A block of mass 10 kg is placed at a distance of 5 m (c) 0.29 and 3.5 m (d) 0.29 and 6.5 m
from the rear end of a long trolley as shown in the figure. 32 Two masses m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 10 kg connected by an
The coefficient of friction between the block and the inextensible string over a frictionless pulley, are moving
surface below is 0.2. Starting from rest, the trolley is as shown in the figure. The coefficient of friction of
given an uniform acceleration of 3 ms −2. At what horizontal surface is 0.15. The minimum weight m that
distance from the starting point will the block fall off the should be put on top of m2 to stop the motion is
trolley? (take, g = 10 ms −2) ª JEE Main 2018
5m
m
T
f F Rear m2
end
a=3 ms–2
Trolley
T

(a) 15 m (b) 25 m (c) 20 m (d) 10 m m1

29 A body starts from rest on a long inclined plane of slope m1g

45°. The coefficient of friction between the body and the
(a) 18.3 kg (b) 27.3 kg (c) 43.3 kg (d) 10.3 kg
plane varies as µ = 0.3 x , where x is distance travelled
down the plane. The body will have maximum speed (for 33 The minimum force required to start pushing a body up a
g = 10 m s −2) when x is equal to ª JEE Main (Online) 2013 rough (frictional coefficient µ) inclined plane is F1 while
the minimum force needed to prevent it from sliding
(a) 9.8 m (b) 27 m (c) 12 m (d) 3.33 m
down is F2. If the inclined plane makes an angle θ from
30 Given in the figure are two blocks A and B of weight 20 N F
the horizontal such that tan θ = 2 µ, then the ratio 1 is
and 100 N, respectively. These are being pressed F2
against a wall by a force F as shown in figure.If the (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 45

34 A box of mass 80 kg kept on a horizontal weighing choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to
machine of negligible mass, attached to a massless select one of the codes (a), (b), (c), (d) given below
platform P that slides down at 37° incline. The weighing (a) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, Statement II is
machine read 72 kg. Box is always at rest w.r.t. weighing the correct explanation for Statement I
machine. Then, coefficient of friction between the (b) Statement I is true, Statement II is true, Statement II is
platform and incline is not the correct explanation for Statement I
(c) Statement I is true, Statement II is false
P (d) Statement I is false, Statement II is true
36 Statement I When the car accelerates horizontally along
a straight road, the accelerating force is given by the
push of the rear axle on the wheels.
37°
Statement II When the car accelerates, the rear axle
12 13 3 11 rotates with a greater frequency.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
13 24 5 24
37 Statement I It is easier to pull a heavy object than to
35 A block of mass m is placed against a vertical surface by push it on a level ground.
a spring of unstretched length l. If the coefficient of Statement II The magnitude of frictional force depends
friction between the block and the surface is µ, then on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.
choose the correct statement.
38 Statement I A cloth covers a table. Some dishes are
2mg
(a) If spring constant k = , kept on it. The cloth can be pulled out without dislodging
µd d the dishes from the table.
block will not be in equilibrium.
m Statement II For every action there is an equal and
(b) Minimum spring constant kmin to
keep the block of mass m in m
opposite reaction.
mg 39 Statement I A bullet is fired from a rifle. If the rifle recoils
equilibrium is .
µd l freely, the kinetic energy of the rifle is less than that of the
2mg bullet.
(c) If spring constant is k = ,
µd Statement II In the case of a rifle-bullet system, the law
mg of conservation of momentum is violated.
the normal reaction is .
µ 40 Statement I Newton’s second law is applicable on a
(d) In the part (c), force of friction is 2mg. body with respect to an inertial frame of reference.
Statement I In order to apply Newton’s second law on a
Direction (Q. Nos. 36-40) Each of these questions contains body observed from a non-inertial frame of reference. We
two statements : Statement I (Assertion) and Statement II apply line pseudo force an imaginary force.
(Reason). Each of these questions also has four alternative

DAY PRACTICE SESSION 2

PROGRESSIVE QUESTIONS EXERCISE

1 A flexible uniform chain of mass m and length l
suspended vertically, so that its lower end just touches A
the surface of a table. When the upper end of the chain
is released, it falls with each link coming to rest the
instant it strikes the table. The force exerted by the chain B
on the table at the moment when y part of the chain has
already rested on the table is
3myg 3mg 2 mg 1 mg
(a) (b) (c) (d) 60° 30°
l l 3 l 3 l
−2
2 Two fixed frictionless inclined plane making the angles (a) 4.9 ms in horizontal direction
30° and 60° with the vertical are shown in the figure. Two (b) 9.8 ms−2 in vertical direction
(c) zero
blocks A and B are placed on the two planes. What is the
(d) 4.9 ms−2 in vertical direction
relative vertical acceleration of A with respect to B?
46 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

3 If M is the mass of a rocket, r is the rate of ejection of  g sin2 θ   g cos2 θ 

(a)  2 
(b)  2 
gases with respect to the rocket, then acceleration of the  1+ sin θ   1+ cos θ 
rocket,
dv
is equal to  g tan2 θ   g sin2 θ 
(c)  2 
(d)  
dt
 1+ tan θ   1+ sinθ 
ru (M − r t ) ru ru
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(M − r t ) ru (M + r t ) M 9 A carriage of mass M and length l is joined to the end of
a slope as shown below. A block of mass m is released
4 A person 40 kg is managing to be at rest between two from the slope from height h. It slides till end of the
vertical walls by pressing one wall A by his hands and carriage. The coefficient of friction between block and
feet and B with his back. The coefficient of friction is 0.8 carriage is µ (the friction between other surfaces are
between his body and the wall. The force with which the negligible). Then, minimum height h is
person pushes the wall is m
(a) 100 N (b) 50 N (c) 150 N (d) 200 N
h
5 An insect crawls up a hemispherical surface very slowly.
The coefficient of friction between the insect and the M
surface is 1/3. If the line joining the centre of the
Smooth
hemispherical surface to the insect makes an angle α
with the vertical, the maximum possible value of α is
(a) µ  1 +  l (b) µ  2 +  l
M m
given by  m  M
 m
(c) µ  1 +  l (d) 2 µ  1 +  l
m
a
 M  M
10 System as shown in figure is in equilibrium
(a) cotα = 3 (b) sec α = 3 and at rest. The spring and string are
(c) cosec α = 3 (d) None of these massless, now the string is cut. The
6 A given object takes n times more time to slide down a acceleration of the masses 2 m and m just
45° rough inclined plane in comparison to slides down a after the string is cut, will be 2m
perfectly smooth 45° incline. The coefficient of kinetic g
(a) upwards, g downwards
friction between the object and the incline is 2
g
(b) g upwards, downwards
1 1 1 1 2
(a) (b) 1 − (c) 1− (d) m
1− n 2
n 2
n 2
1 − n2 (c) g upwards, 2g downwards
(d) 2g upwards, g downwards
7 When a body slides down from rest along a smooth
11 A block of mass m is at rest under the
inclined plane making an angle of 45° with the
action of a force F , acting against a wall,
horizontal,it takes timeT . When the same body slides as shown in the figure. Which of the F
down from rest along a rough inclined plane making the following statement is incorrect?
same angle and through the same distance,it is seen to (a) f = mg (where, f is the frictional force)
take time pT , where p is some number greater than 1. (b) F = N (where, N is the normal force)
The coefficient of friction between the body and the (c) F will not produce torque
rough plane will be (d) N will not produce torque
1
(a) 1 − p 2 (b) 1 − (c) p 2 − 1 (d) p 2 12 The upper-half of an inclined plane with an inclination φ, is
p2
perfectly smooth, while the lower half is rough. A body
8 Block A of mass m is placed over a wedge of the same starting from rest at the top will again come to rest at
mass m. Both the block and wedge are placed on a fixed the bottom, if the coefficient of friction for the lower half is
inclined plane. Assuming all surfaces to be smooth. given by
Then, displacement of the block A in ground frame in (a) 2 sin φ (b) 2 cos φ (c) 2 tan φ (d) tan φ
1 s is
13 A block of mass m is placed on a surface with a vertical
A cross-section given by y = x 3/ 6. If the coefficient of
B
friction is 0.5, the maximum height above the ground at
Fixed which the block can be placed without slipping is
incline
ª JEE Main 2014
q
(a) 1 / 6 m (b) 2 / 3 m (c) 1 / 3 m (d) 1 / 2 m
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 47

14 A particle of mass m is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. It (a)T = 2250N, F = 1125 N

is subjected to a force F( t ) = F0 e −bt in the x -direction. Its (b)T = 1125 N, F = 2250N
speed v ( t ) is depicted by which of the following curves? (c)T = 1125 N, F = 375 N
(d)T = 1125 N, F = 750N
ª JEE Main 2013
F0 F0
17 In the system shown in figure, masses of the blocks are
mb mb such that when system is released, acceleration of pulley
P1 is a upwards and acceleration of block 1 is a1,
(a) (b) upwards. It is found that acceleration of block 3 is same
as that of 1 both in magnitude and direction.
v (t) v (t)
t t

F0 F0
mb mb
P1 P2
a
(c) (d)

v (t) v (t) a1 1 3
t t

2 4
15 The figure shows the position-time ( x -t ) graph of a
one-dimensional motion of a body of mass 0.4 kg. The Given that, a1 > a > 1.
2
magnitude of each impulse is
Match the following.
2
Column I Column II
x (m) A. Acceleration of 2 1. 2 a + a1
B. Acceleration of 4 2. 2 a − a1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 C. Acceleration of 2 w.r.t.3 3. Upwards
t (s)
D. Acceleration of 2 w.r.t. 4 4. Downwards
(a) 0.4N - s (b) 0.8 N - s
(c) 1.6N - s (d) 0.2 N - s Codes
16 A worker is raising himself and the crate A B C D
on which he stands with an acceleration (a) 2,3 1,4 4 3
of 5 ms −2 by a massless rope and pulley (b) 2,4 1 4 1,3
arrangement. Mass of the worker is 100 (c) 4 1,3 2 1,2
kg and that of the crate is 50 kg. If T is (d) No above matching is correct
the tension in the rope and F be the force
of contact between the worker and the
floor and if g = 10 ms −2, then

ANSWERS

SESSION 1 1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (a,c) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d)
11 (d) 12 (a) 13 (b) 14 (b) 15 (a) 16 (d) 17 (b) 18 (b) 19 (c) 20 (a)
21 (c) 22 (d) 23 (a) 24 (d) 25 (a) 26 (b) 27 (a) 28 (a) 29 (d) 30 (c)
31 (c) 32 (b) 33 (d) 34 (b) 35 (b) 36 (a) 37 (b) 38 (b) 39 (c) 40 (a)

SESSION 2 1 (a) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (d) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (b) 8 (a) 9 (c) 10 (a)
11 (d) 12 (c) 13 (a) 14 (c) 15 (b) 16 (c) 17 (a)
48 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

Hints and Explanations

SESSION 1 ⇒ F × 01. = |p f − pi | reaching train A being of lower
As the ball will stop after catching, momentum will retard the train A but
1 According to polygon law, resultant of
four forces, each of magnitude F1 acting . × 20 = 3 and p f = 0
p i = mv i = 015 packet reaching train B, being of higher
at an angle of 72°, is along the fifth side ⇒ F × 01. =3 momentum will accelerate B.
of the polygon taken an in opposite ⇒ F = 30 N 7 Parallelogram law of vector addition
order. As F2 is acting along this side of 4 For an upward motion F3 = F1 + F2
polygon, therefore the net force on the
Retarding force = mg + F So, option (a) and (c) both can be
particle = F2 − F1
mg + F satisfied.
F − F1 Retardation (a) =
Acceleration (a) = 2 m
m 8 Force on the pulley, by the clamp
v2 v2m = Resultant of forces (M + m ) g acting
Distance, s = = … (i)
2 The situation is as shown in the figure. 2a 2(mg + F ) along horizontally and mg acting
At an initial time, the ball is at P, then
For the downward motion, net force vertically downwards
under the action of a force (exerted by
= mg − F = (Mg + mg )2 + (mg )2
hand) from P to A and then from A to B, mg − F
let acceleration of ball during the ∴ Acceleration (a ′ ) =
m = [(M + m )2 + m 2 ] g
motion from P to A is ams −2 [assumed
v ′2 v ′2 m
to be constant] in an upward direction Distance (s ′ ) = = As, 9 As, F = 600 − 2 × 105t
2a ′ 2(mg − F )
and velocity of ball at A is v ms −1 . At, t = 0, F = 600 N
s = s′
According to question,
mg − F
∴ v′= v F = 0, on leaving the barrel,
B mg + F ⇒ 0 = 600 − 2 × 105t
2m
5 Given, u = 5ms −1 , ∴ t =
600
= 3 × 10−3 s
along positive x-direction 2 × 105
A F = − 0.4 N, This is the time spent by the bullet in the
0.2 m barrel
along negative x-direction
600 + 0
P M = 200g = 0.2 kg Average force = = 300 N
2
Thus, the acceleration
Average impulse imparted = F × t
Then for PA, v 2 = 02 + 2a × 0.2 F 0.4
a= =− = − 2 ms −2 = 300 × 3 × 10−3 = 0.9 N-s
M 0.2
For AB, 0 = v2 − 2 × g × 2
The negative sign showing the 10 Different forces involved are as shown in
⇒ v = 2g × 2
2
the figure.
retardation.
From above equations, R
The position of the object at time t is f co
a = 10 g = 100 ms −2 given by
sb
1 b
F x = x 0 + ut + at 2 f
2 mg
At t = 0, the body is at x = 0, therefore sin
b
x 0 = 0. P
M
b
1
a=10g Hence, x = ut + at 2 mg cos b
mg
2 b
Since, the force acts during the time
interval from t = 0 to t = 10 s, the Observing the figure, we have
mg
motion is accelerated only within this acceleration of the system,
Then for PA, from FBD of ball is time interval. The position of the body P
a=
F − mg = ma at t = 2.5 s is given by M + m
[F is the force exerted by hand on the 1
x = 5 × 2.5 + × (−2) × (2.5)2 Pm
ball] 2 Force on block of mass (m ) =
M + m
⇒ F = m(g + a) = 0.2(11 g ) = 22 N = 6.25m
If f is pseudo force on m in the direction
3 This is the question based on 6 Initially, the momentum of the packet opposite to force P, then
impulse-momentum theorem. in train A is more than in train B. When Pm
packets are changed, the packet f =
|F∆t | = | Change in momentum| M + m
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 49

As it is clear from the figure, or 8 m1 − 8 m2 = m1 + m2 Now, for the metal rod, tension at both of
f cos β = mg sin β or 7m1 = 9 m2 its end are dissimilar and
Pm
cos β = mg sin β
m1
=
9 T1 − T2 = 80 …(ii)
(M + m ) m2 7 (Q g = 10 ms −2 )
sin β Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
P = g (M + m ) 14 As, s = ut + 1 at 2
cos β 2 T1 = 230 N and T2 = 150 N
or, P = (M + m ) g tanβ 1 ∴ Tension at mid-point
⇒ 50 = 0 × 5 + × a × (5)2
2 = T1 − 4 g = 190 N
11 Net force on the rod,
100  2m1 m2 
f = 32 − 20 = 12 N ∴ a= = 4 ms −2 17 Tension, T = 
25 g
Acceleration of the rod  m1 + m2 
f 12 Let, mass of one become m1 and that of
= = = 4 ms −2 other m2 , where m1 > m2 . As m1 moves  2m × 2m 
m 3 =  g
downwards with acceleration  m + 2m 
Equation of motion of the 10 cm part is
a = 4 ms −2 (where, m1 = m and m2 = 2m)
F − 20 = m × a = 1 × 4 ,
F = 4 + 20 = 24 N  m − m2  4
a=  1 = mg
g 3
Similarly, equation of motion of 20 cm  m1 + m2 
Force ( Tension)
part is  m − m2  ∴ Stress =
32 − F = m × a = 2 × 4, So, 4=  1  10 Area
 m1 + m2  4
F = 32 − 8 = 24 N mg
4 mg
 m1 − m2  a 4 2 = 3 =
12 On releasing, the motion of the system   = = = A 3A
will be according to the figure  m1 + m2  g 10 5
18 It is known that the thrust
∴ Percentage of mass transferred
= − v 
dM 
 m − m2   = − v (αv )
= 1  × 100  dt 
 m1 + m2  Hence, the retardation produced
2 thrust αv 2
= × 100 = 40% = =−
a 5 mass M
a 15 As, mg − R = ma 19 When ball dropped, acceleration of the
m1 ball is g as will be observed by a man
standing stationary on the ground. The
Man man inside the lift is having its own
m 1g m2 downward acceleration, a. Therefore,
relative acceleration of the ball as
observed by the man in the lift will must
m2 g be = (g − a).
mg − ηmg = ma
The equations of motion of blocks mg (1 − η ) = ma ⇒ a = g(1 − η ) 20 When the lift is stationary, then
are, R = mg
m1 g − T = m1 a … (i)
16 For block of mass M1 ,
49 = m × 9.8
T − m2 g = m2 a 480 − T1 − 20 g
and … (ii) =a 49
20 m= kg = 5kg
On solving, 9.8
 m − m2  480 N T2 If a is the downward acceleration of the
a=  1 g … (iii)
 m1 + m2  lift then, R = m(g − a)
Here, m1 = 5 kg, M1 M2 = 5(9.8 − 5) = 24 N
m2 = 4.8 kg 21 The situation is given in figure below
g = 9.8 ms −2 T1
M2
5 − 4.8 
∴ a =   × 9.8 q
 5 + 4.8  Also, for block of mass M2 , in
gs
T2 − 12 g q
=
0.2
× 9.8 =a g cos q
12 q g
9.8
Since, a is common for all the
= 0.2 ms −2 From equation of motion,
individuals of the system
1
(m1 − m2 ) g g 480 − T1 − 20 g T2 − 12 g g sinθ t 2 = l
13 As, a = = , ⇒ = 2
m1 + m2 8 20 12
2l
m1 − m2 1 After taking g = 10 ms −2 this gives ⇒ t =
= g sinθ
m1 + m2 8 5T2 + 3T1 = 1440 …(i)
50 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

22 To move the body up the inclined f The distance covered by the trolley in
plane, the force required, this time,
= mg sinθ + µR 1 1
s ′ = ut + at 2 = 0 + × 3 × 10 = 15m
= mg sin θ + µmg cos θ F 2 2
N
23 Limiting force of friction of block on 29 From Newton’s second law,
slab µ m1 g = 0.6 × 10 × 9.8 = 58.8 N mg sin θ − µ mg cos θ
=a
Since, the applied force = 100 N on m
block, which is greater than the force of Mg Now, distance covered by the particle,
limiting friction, the block will f = Mg …(i) v 2 = u2 + 2as
accelerate on the slab, due to which, the F =N mg sin θ − µ mg cos θ 
⇒ v = 2
and …(ii)
force acting on the slab will be that due But force of friction ( f ) = µN x
 m 
to the kinetic friction (µ k m1 g ).
= µ F …(iii)
Hence, acceleration of the slab, = 2 gx sin θ − 0.6 x2 g cos θ
[using Eq. (ii)]
µ m g 0.4 × 10 × 9.8 dv
a= k 1 = = 0.98 ms–2 From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get v should be maximum when =0
m2 40 Mg dx
µF = Mg or F =
µ d 2gx sin θ − 0.6 x2 g cos θ )
24 Let, R be the normal contact force by ⇒ =0
wall on the block. dx
27 Here, R = Mg − F sin φ
By differentiating, we get x = 3 .33 m
f ∴ f = µR = µ(Mg − F sin φ)
30 In vertical direction, weights are
F sin f balanced by frictional forces.
10 N R R F Consider FBD of block A and B as shown
f in diagram below.
F cos f
fA fB
w
R = 10N, f L = w and f = µR
∴ µR = w or w = 0.2 × 10 = 2 N mg
F N
25 Free body diagram (FBD) of the block Net force, F cos φ − f = Ma
1
(shown by a dot) is as shown in the ∴ a= [F cos φ − f ]
figure M 20 N fA 100 N
1
N Vertical ⇒ a= [F cos φ − µ (Mg − F sin φ)]
M As the blocks are in equilibrium, balance
F µF forces are in horizontal and vertical
f
= cos φ − µg + sin φ
F cos 60° Horizontal M M direction.
F
= (cos φ + µ sin φ) − µg The system of blocks (A + B )
M
mg + F sin 60° F =N
28 Given, acceleration of the trolley
For vertical equilibrium of the block For block A, f A = 20 N
(a) = 3 ms −2 .
N = mg + F sin 60° and for block B,
F Therefore, the force acting on the block
= 3g + 3 … (i) is F = ma = 10 × 3 = 30 N. f B = f A + 100 = 20 + 100 = 120 N
2
For no motion, force of friction The weight mg of the block is balanced 31 Energy lost over path PQ = µ mg cos θ × 4
f ≥ F cos 60° by the normal reaction R. The force of
limiting friction is given by P
or µN ≥ F cos 60°
f f
1  3F  F µ = = 4m
or  3g + ≥ R mg h=2m
2 3 2  2
f = µmg = 0.2 × 10 × 10 = 20 N
F 30º
or g≥ or F ≤ 2 g or 20 N The net force on the block is towards
2 O 23m Q x R
right and is given by
Therefore, maximum value of F is 20 N. F ′ = F − f = 30 − 20 = 10 N Energy lost over path QR = µ mg x
26 Given, mass of the block = M F ′ 10 i.e. µ mg cos 30° × 4 = µ mg x
So, a′ = = = 1 ms −2 .
Coefficient of friction between the block m 10 (Q θ = 30° )
and the wall = µ Let, t be the time taken for the block to x = 2 3 = 3.45 m
Let, a force F be applied on the block to fall off from the rear end for the trolley. From Q to R energy loss is half of the
hold the block against the wall. The Then, the block has to travel a distance total energy loss.
normal reaction of mass be N and force s′ = 5m to fall off. Now, since the 1
i.e. µ mg x = × mgh ⇒ µ = 0.29
of friction acting upward be f . In trolley starts from rest. So, u = 0 and 2
1
equilibrium, vertical and horizontal using s = ut + at 2 , we can determine The values of the coefficient of friction µ
forces should be balanced separately. 2 and the distance x(= QR ) are 0.29 and 3.5.
t as 10 s.
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 51

32 Motion stops when pull due to 35 Free body diagram of the block is SESSION 2
m1 ≤ force of friction between m and m2
and surface. f 1 Suppose, F = force on the table due to
⇒ m1 g ≤ µ(m2 + m )g the weight of the chain on the table
⇒ 5 × 10 ≤ 01510. ( + m ) × 10 + momentum of the chain transmitted
⇒ m ≥ 2333
. kg Fs N on the table
Here, nearest value is 27.3 kg ⇒ F = F1 + F2 (Let)
So, m min = 27.3 kg m
mg Now, F1 = yg ,
l
33 F1 = mg (sin θ + µ cos θ) [as body just in m
position to move up, friction force Here, N = F s = kd dp = dmv = dy 2gy dy
l
downward] and mg = f ≤ µ N = µ kd dp m dy
F2 = mg (sin θ − µ cos θ) [as body just in mg = F2 = 2gy
or k ≥ dt l dt
position to slide down, friction upward] µd
(2gy )  = 2gy 
m dy y
=
Hence, (b) is the correct option. l  dt 
F2
36 When a car accelerates, the engine m 2 myg
m ∴ F = yg +
F1 rotates the rear axle which exerts a push l l
on the wheels to move. 3 myg
=
l
37 Both Statements are correct. But
Statement II does not explain correctly, 2 Force applying on the block
q
Statement I. F = mg sinθ
F1 sin θ + µ cos θ Correct explanation is there is increase or mg sinθ = ma
∴ = ∴ a = g sinθ
F2 sin θ − µ cos θ in normal reaction when the object is
where, a is along the inclined plane.
tan θ + µ 2µ + µ pushed and there is decrease in normal
= = =3
tan θ − µ 2µ − µ reaction when the object is pulled (but ∴ Vertical component of acceleration is
strictly, not horizontally). g sin2 θ.
34 Here, (80 − 72)g = ma y
or a y = 1 m/s2 38 The cloth can be pulled out without ∴ Relative vertical acceleration of A with
dislodging the dishes from the table due
5 respect to B is
∴asin37° = 1 m/s or a = m/s2
2
to law of inertia, which is Newton’s first
3 law. While, Statement II is true, but it is g (sin2 60° − sin2 30° ]
R Newton’s third law. g
= = 4.9 ms −2
2
m mg 39 If the bullet is fired from the rifle, the
momentum of bullet-rifle system is [in vertical direction]
conserved. 3 Here, initial mass of the rocket = M
mg
It means, Mb v b = M r v r … (i)
37° dm
1 2
=r
(a) M v dt
E k(b ) 2 b b
and = Relative velocity of gases w.r.t. rocket
E k( r ) 1
M r v 2r =v
ax= a cos 37° 2
then, acceleration of the rocket
37° M
= r a=
F
=
u(dm/dt )
Mb m 
× t 
dm
a M −
As, M r > Mb (mass of rifle is greater  dt 
ay=a sin 37°
than the mass of bullet). ur
(b) =
Now, we apply Newton’s second law of Hence, E k(b ) > E k( r ). So, the kinetic (M − r t )
motion on the box in the direction of energy of bullet is greater than the
acceleration, kinetic energy of rifle. 4 Balanced horizontal force, N 1 = N 2
5 Balanced vertical force, 2µN 1 = mg
mg sin 37° − µ mg cos 37° = m × 40 In order to apply Newton’s second law
3 mg 40 × 10
on a body observed from a non-inertial µN 1 = =
13 2 2
or µ = frame of reference pseudo force is
24 considered in a direction opposite to = 200 N
Hence, (b) is the correct option. real acceleration.
52 40 DAYS ~ JEE MAIN PHYSICS DAY FOUR

∴ Man pushes the wall with 200 N ∴Displacement of block A in 1 s is

1  2g sin2 θ 
s = 01
. +   × (1)
2
2  1 + sin2 θ 
a
 g sin2 θ 
mN1 or s=  2 
θ = 45°  1 + sin θ 
mg
Hence, (a) is the correct option.
Here, θ = 45°
g 9
N1 N2 ∴ a = g sin 45° =
2
N
5 As, it is clear from the figure Let the travelled distance be s.
F Using equation of motion,
R a 1 a1
s = ut + at 2 , we get mmg
2
1 g 2 gT 2
s = 0.t + T or s = …(i) mg
2 2 2 2
mg sin a N
mg On rough inclined plane Acceleration
F = mg sinα of the body mmg
a2
and R = mg cos α a = g (sin θ − µ cos θ) mmg
F g(1 − µ )
⇒ = tanα = g(sin 45°− µ cos 45° ) =
R mg
2
1
i.e. µ = tan α =  As,sin 45° = cos 45° = 1 
3   Velocity of block, just before reaching
 2 the carriage is
⇒ cotα = 3
Again using equation of motion v = 2gh
6 On smooth inclined plane, the 1
s = ut + at 2 , we get Now, acceleration of block,
acceleration of body, 2 − µmg
a = g sinθ 1 g (1 − µ ) a1 = = −µ g
s = 0( pT ) + ( pT )2 m
If s be the distance travelled, then 2 2
Acceleration of carriage,
1
s = g sinθt 12 g (1 − µ )p2T 2 µ mg
…(i) or s = …(ii) a2 =
2 2 2 M
On rough inclined plane, the From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get At t = 0, motion of block as seen from the
acceleration is given by carriage is
gT 2 g (1 − µ )p2T 2
a = g sin θ − µg cos θ = u rel = v = 2gh
2 2 2 2
1
∴ s = (g sin θ − µg cos θ)t 22 arel = a1 − a2 = − µg  1 + 
…(ii) or (1 − µ )p2 = 1 m
2 and
 M
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1  1 
or 1−µ = or µ =  1 − 2  Now, relative velocity of block when
t 22 sin θ p2  p  block moves through distance x with
=
t 12 g sin θ − g cos θ 8 Free body diagram for A and B is respect to carriage,
t 22 N v 2rel = u2rel + 2 arel x
But t 1 = nt 1 or = n2 N¢
02 = 2gh − 2µg  1 +  ⋅ l
t 12 N m
⇒
B  M
sin θ
∴ n2 = (when x = l , then v rel = 0)
sin θ − µ cos θ A
2 gh = 2µg  1 +  ⋅ l
m
Solving, we get ⇒
 M
n2 − 1 sin θ mg mg
µ = × ⇒ h = µ  1 +  ⋅ l
m
n2 cos θ For A  M
 1  mg − N = m (asin θ) …(i)
Hence, (c) is the correct option.
n2 − 1 sin 45° n2 − 1  
2 [as block has only vertically downward
= × = × 
n2 cos 45° n2  1  acceleration] 10 Initially under the equilibrium of mass

 2 For B m, T = mg
n −1
2
1 (N + mg )sin θ = ma …(ii) Now, the string is cut. Therefore, T = mg
= = 1− On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get force is decreased on the mass m
n2 n2
 2g sin θ  upwards and downwards on the mass
µ = 1−
1 a=  
 1 + sin θ 
2
n2 2m.
The acceleration of block A is mg
7 On smooth inclined plane Acceleration ∴ am = =g (downwards)
2g sin2 θ m
of a body sliding down a smooth a A = asin θ = mg g
inclined plane, a = g sinθ 1 + sin2 θ and a2m = = (upwards)
2m 2
DAY FOUR LAWS OF MOTION 53

11 This is the equilibrium of coplanar increasing curve with decreasing slope F

forces. with time.
F F dv a=5 m/s–2
Hence, ΣF x = 0 a= = 0 e −bt = T
∴ F =N m m dt
v tF
∴ ΣF y = 0, f = mg , Στc = 0 ⇒ ∫ dv = ∫ 0 e −bt
0 0m
∴ τN + τ f = 0
t 0
Since, τf ≠ 0 mW g
F  1  −bt F
∴ τN ≠ 0 ⇒ v = 0 e = 0 e −bt
m  −b  mb T + F − mwg = mwa
Thus, N will produce torque. t
0
[Q m w = mass of worker]
12 According to the work-energy theorem, =
F0 0
(e − e −bt ) ⇒ T + F − 1000 = 500
∑ W = ∆K = 0 mb ⇒ T + F = 1500 …(ii)
⇒ Work done by friction + Work F
= 0 (1 − e −bt ) Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
done by gravity = 0 mb T = 1125N and F = 375N
l F
⇒ − (µ mg cos φ) + mgl sin φ = 0 with v max = 0 [ a + t = ∞ ]
2 mb 17 Let the accelerations of various blocks are
µ as shown in figure. Pulley P2 will have
or cos φ = sin φ or µ = 2 tan φ 15 From the graph, it is a straight line so, downward acceleration a.
2
motion is uniform because of impulse
13 A block of mass m is placed on a surface direction of velocity changes as can be
with a vertical cross-section, then seen from the slope of the graph.
2
y Initial velocity, v 1 = = 1 ms −1
m 2 P1 P2
a
Final velocity, v 2 = −2 / 2 = −1 ms −1
y a
p i = mv 1 = 0.4 N - s
θ a1 1 3
x and p f = mv 2 = −0.4 N - s
Now, impulse, a4
 x3 
d  J = p f − p i = − 0.4 −0.4 a2
 6 2 4
dy x2
tanθ = = = = − 0.8 N - s
dx dx 2 Analysing the diagram,
⇒ |J|= 0.8 N - s a + a2
At limiting equilibrium, we get a= 1 ⇒ a2 = 2a − a1 > 0
µ = tan θ 16 Free body diagram for crate 2
x2 So, acceleration of block 2 is upward
0.5= ⇒ x2 = 1 ⇒ x = ±1
2 T T Hence, (A)→ (2,3)
a + a4
Now, putting the value of x in and a= 1
x3 a=5 ms–2 2
y= , we get F F ⇒ a4 = 2a + a1 > 0
6
MC g So, acceleration of block 4 is downward.
When x = 1 When x = − 1
Hence, (B)→ (1,4).
(1)3 1 (−1)3 −1 mC g This is downwards.
y = = y = =
6 6 6 6 Hence, (c)→ (4)
So, for vertical equilibrium of the crate.
So, the maximum height above the Acceleration of block 2 with respect to
T − F − Mc g = Mc a block 4.
ground at which the block can be
placed without slipping is 1/6 m. [Q Mc = mass of crate = 50 kg] a2 /4 = a2 − (− a4 ) = 4 a > 0
⇒ T − F − 500 = 250 This is upward.
14 As the force is exponentially decreasing, Hence (D)→(3) (C)→ (4)
so it’s acceleration, i.e. rate of increase ⇒ T − F = 750 …(i)
Hence, A → (2,3), B → (1,4), C → (4),
of velocity will decrease with time. Free body diagram for worker D → (3)
Thus, the graph of velocity will be an