Exercise 4

1. The first speaking competency is to select a topic that is appropriate to the audience and the
occasion.

A. uninteresting topic

B. unrelated topic

C. bad topic

D. useful topic

2. What is engaging introduction?

A. A speaker writes an introduction that contains a non-attention-getter.

B. To formulate an introduction that orients the audience to the topic and the speaker is one of the
speaking competency.

C. The speaker not firmly establishes their credibility.

D. The speaker awkwardly composed and provides little direction for the audience.

3. What is clear organization?

A. to use an effective organizational pattern.

B. A speaker is with un-well organized and cant delivers a speech with the clear main points.

C. The points are mutually unexclusive and directly unrelated to the speech.

D. Employs ineffective without transitions and signposts to help the speech flow well.

4. What is well-supported ideas?

A. In addition the speaker has no thesis statement and no preview of their points.

B. to locate, synthesize, and employ compelling supporting materials.

C. The ineffective speaker has no opening technique, no credibility statement and provides no
background on the topic.

D. if the information is randomly presented.

5. What is closure in conclusion?

A. The speaker provides no new information to the audience.

B. The speaker presents the audience with new information that they did not know before the speech.

C. to develop a conclusion that reinforces the thesis and provides psychological closure.

D. speech ends abruptly and without closure.

6. What is clear and vivid language?

A. To demonstrate a careful choice of words.

B. It can be difficult because there are no universal standards of measurement.

C. To assess your language proficiency level so that you can more accurately represent it.

D. To speak simple phrases or sentences, have some difficulty understanding native speakers,
elementary reading and writing skills.

7.

This is the first theoretical model of communication was proposed in 1949 by Shannon and Weaver for
Bell Laboratories (Shannon & Weaver, 1949). This three-part model was intended to capture the radio
and television transmission process. What type of this model of communication?

A. indirect

B. direct

C. transactional

D. Linear
8. _____________refers to the process of taking an idea or mental image, associating that image with
words, and then speaking those words in order to convey a message.

A. Encoding

B. Decoding

C. Nonverbal behavior

D. One-way process

9. ___________ is the reverse process of listening to words, thinking about them, and turning those
words into mental images.

A. Encoding

B. Decoding

C. Nonverbal behavior

D. One-way process

10. When we speak, we observe others’ _____________to see if they understand us and we gauge their
emotional state. The information we gain from these observations is known as feedback.

A. emotions

B. talk

C. nonverbal behavior

D. attitude

11.
This is one of the most useful models for understanding public speaking is Barnlund’s (2008).

What type of model is this?

A. in directional

B. link

C. transnational

D. transactional

12. What is Epistemology?

A. Knowledge C. Syllabus

B. Subject D. Theoretical

13. What is Ontology?

A. refers to our belief system, how we see the nature of reality or what we see as true or false.

B. the process of conducting research.

C. signifies the way that we see our relationship to the universe and to other people.

D. dictates our view of power relationships and may involve our religious or spiritual beliefs.

14. What is Axiology?

A. refers to our belief system, how we see the nature of reality or what we see as true or false.

B. represents our value system, or what we see as right or wrong, good or bad, and fair or unfair.

C. understand worldview because it has a profound impact on the encoding and decoding process, and
consequently on our ability to be understood by others.

D. signifies the way that we see our relationship to the universe and to other people.

15. __________ signifies the way that we see our relationship to the universe and to other people.
___________ dictates our view of power relationships and may involve our religious or spiritual
beliefs.

A. Epistemology B. Cosmology C. Axiology D. Ontology

16. ___________denotes our preferred method of completing everyday tasks or our approach to solving

problems. Some speech writers may begin working on their outlines as soon as they know they will
need to give a speech, while others may wait until a few days before their speech to begin preparing

(we do not recommend this approach).

A. Axiology B. Ontology C. Epistemology D. Praxeology

17. ____________refers to mental states or emotional states that impede message transmission or
reception.

A. Hypertension B. Mental block C. Psychological noise D. Headache

18. ____________refers to message interference that results from differences in peoples’ worldviews.

A. Cultural noise B. Hypertension C. Headache D. Mental block

19.

Exceptional explanation and presentation of ________is characteristic of the advanced speaker. Her
speech has visuals that provide powerful insight into the speech topic, and her visuals are of high
professional quality.

A. visual illustration B. visual aids C. visual comm. D. multiply visual

20. ______________to construct an effectual persuasive message with credible evidence and sound
reasoning.

A. Convincing persuasion B. Appeal to reason C. Appeal to emotion D. Appeal to character

21. What is Open-Mindedness?

A. Critical thinkers ask questions of the message, breaking it into its individual components and
examining each in turn.

B. Critical thinkers are interested in understanding what is happening in a message.

C. Critical thinkers are open and receptive to all ideas and arguments, even those with which they may
disagree.

D. Critical thinkers dissect these components looking for sound logic and reasoning.

22. What is Analytic Nature?

A. Critical thinkers are open and receptive to all ideas and arguments, even those with which they may
disagree.

B. Critical thinkers are interested in understanding what is happening in a message.

C. Critical thinkers reserve judgment on a message until they have examined the claims, logic, reasoning,

and evidence used.

D. Critical thinkers are fair-minded and understand that a message is not inherently wrong or flawed if it
differs from their own thoughts.

23. What is Systematic by Method?

A. Critical thinkers ask questions of the message, breaking it into its individual components and
examining each in turn.

B. Critical thinkers dissect these components looking for sound logic and reasoning.

C. Critical thinkers avoid jumping to conclusions.

D. Critical thinkers remain open to the possibility of changing their view on an issue when logic and
evidence supports doing so.

24. What is Inquisitive?

A. Critical thinkers dissect these components looking for sound logic and reasoning.

B. Critical thinkers take the time to systematically examine a message.

C. Critical thinkers apply accepted criteria or conditions to their analyses.

D. Critical thinkers are curious by nature.

25. What is Judicious?

A. Critical thinkers are prudent in acting and making judgments.

B. Critical thinkers want to know more and take action to learn more.

C. Critical thinkers ask questions of what is going on around them and in a message.

D. Critical thinkers take the time to systematically examine a message.

26. What is Truth-Seeking Ethos?

A. Critical thinkers are sensible in their actions.

B. Critical thinkers exercise an ethical foundation based in searching for the truth.

C. Critical thinkers want to know more and take action to learn more.

D. Critical thinkers ask questions of what is going on around them and in a message.

27.What is Confident in Reasoning?

A. Critical thinkers have faith in the power of logic and sound reasoning.

B. Critical thinkers exercise an ethical foundation based in searching for the truth.

C. Critical thinkers understand that even the wisest people may be wrong at times.

D. Critical thinkers are sensible in their actions.

28. Which is NOT the difference between critical thinking and criticism?

A. Criticism is about finding fault with something. Critical thinking is about judgement, which can include

finding faults and flaws, but has more emphasis on questioning and analysis.

B. Criticism is often directed at a person. Critical thinking should always be directed towards the
argument (or produced work, or concept).

C. Criticism is sometimes driven by emotion. Critical thinking analyses emotion as part of the overall
process.

D. Critical thinking identifies others judgement. Criticism is sometimes driven by others.

29. What are fallacies?

A. a systematic error, as opposed to a random error.

B. a key aspect for the development of critical thinking.

C. develop their critical thinking abilities autonomously.

D. can be divided into formal logic and informal logic.

30.

This form of deductive reasoning is called a _______

A. invasion B. syllogism C. inductive D. deductive

31. Anyone who conducts an argument by appealing to authority is not using his intelligence; he is just
using his _________.- Leonardo da Vinci

A. ability B. arguments C. memory D. credibility

32. What is begging the question?

A. a form of circular reasoning that occurs when the conclusion of the argument is used as one of the
premises of the argument.

B. to pity are another form of pulling on the emotions of the audience.

C. is to make us feel sorry for the speaker and ignore contradictory evidence.

D. The argument rests not on any evidence but on a lack of evidence.

33. What is appeal to pity (argumentium ad misericordium)?

A. Arguments composed in this way will only be considered sound or strong by those who already
accept their conclusion.

B. To see how begging the question develops as a fallacy.

C. are another form of pulling on the emotions of the audience.

D. The argument rests not on any evidence but on a lack of evidence.

34. What is appeal to ignorance (argumentum ad ignorantiam)?

A. The focus is not on supporting evidence, but on a blatant lack of evidence.

B. Arguments composed in this way will only be considered sound or strong by those who already
accept their conclusion.

C. the proposition must be accepted unless someone can prove otherwise.

D. the goal is to make us feel sorry for the speaker and ignore contradictory evidence.

35. When we use analogies in our reasoning, we are comparing things. A fallacy of weak analogy occurs
when there exists a poor connection between examples. Structurally, the fallacy looks like this:

A and B are similar.

A has characteristic X.

Therefore, B has characteristic X.

What kind of analogies as per above?

A. False Analogy B. Opposite Analogy C. Classification Analogy D. Object Analogy

36. How listening differs from hearing?

A. Hearing is a skill where you use your ears only. Listening only use the same senses.

B. Hearing simply un happens. Listening un like to learning.

C. Hearing is simply the act of perceiving sound by the ear. Listening requires concentration so that your
brain processes meaning from words and sentences.

D. Hearing is a passive action that does not require much effort. Listening is an non active action that
involves paying attention to truly understand what the speaker is saying.

37. Why listening is the first component of practicing critical thinking.

A. Critical thinking is crucial for many career paths.

B. To listen, you first must be able to hear. There's not listening without hearing therefore making it an
essential and necessary first step in critical thinking.

C. While hearing can be related to listening that doesn’t mean that someone is actually listening to what

you are saying.

D. Listening is having an understanding of what someone said to you.

38. List three ways that we use logic and argumentation in our daily lives.

A. Proposition, Inference and Conclusion

B. Classical Elementary Logic, Classical First-Order Logic and Mathematical Logic.

C. Informal Logic, Premises and Explanation

D. Conclusion, Review Questions, and Activities

39. What is Red Herring Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.

B. The process of reflecting on our pre-existing thoughts and biases and how they may influence what
we think about an assertion.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is
addressed.
D. A fallacy that occurs when an irrelevant issue is introduced into the argument.

40. What is Strawman Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.

B. The process of reflecting on our pre-existing thoughts and biases and how they may influence what

we think about an assertion.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is

addressed.

D. A fallacy that occurs when an irrelevant issue is introduced into the argument.

41. What is Slippery Slope Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.

B. The process of reflecting on our pre-existing thoughts and biases and how they may influence what

we think about an assertion.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is

addressed.

D. A fallacy that occurs when we assume one action will initiate a chain of events that culminate in an
undesirable event.

42. What is Premise?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we substitute parties that are not identical within an argument.

B. A proposition (statement) supporting or helping to support a conclusion; an assumption that

something is true.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the actual argument appears to be refuted, but in reality a related point is
addressed.

D. A fallacy that occurs when we assume one action will initiate a chain of events that culminate in an
undesirable event.
43. What is Infer?

A. To draw a conclusion that rests outside the message.

B. Explaining and extrapolating the conclusions that we draw from a statement.

C. A flaw or error in reasoning.

D. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

44. What is Interpretation?

A. To draw a conclusion that rests outside the message.

B. Explaining and extrapolating the conclusions that we draw from a statement.

C. A flaw or error in reasoning.

D. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

45. What is Evaluation?

A. Research, claims, or anything else that is used to support the validity of an assertion.

B. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

C. Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.

D. A flaw or error in reasoning.

46. What is Evidence?

A. Research, claims, or anything else that is used to support the validity of an assertion.

B. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

C. Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.

D. A flaw or error in reasoning.

47. What is Fallacy?

A. Research, claims, or anything else that is used to support the validity of an assertion.
B. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

C. Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.

D. A flaw or error in reasoning.

48. What is Hearing?

A. Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.

B. The psychological process of attaching meaning to the sounds and noises we hear.

C. The process of asking what is happening in a message through breaking it into its individual
components and asking questions of each section.

D. The physiological process of receiving noise and sounds.

49. What is Listening?

A. Statements that combine reasoning with evidence to support an assertion.

B. The psychological process of attaching meaning to the sounds and noises we hear.

C. The process of asking what is happening in a message through breaking it into its individual

components and asking questions of each section.

D. The physiological process of receiving noise and sounds.

50. What is False Cause?

A. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.

B. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

C. A fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of

the argument is bad.

D. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a poor connection between two examples used in an
argument.

51. What is False Analogy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.

B. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

C. A fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of

the argument is bad.

D. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a poor connection between two examples used in an
argument.

52. What is Composition Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as “all” or “some.”

B. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

C. A fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts

are combined into a whole.

D. A flaw or error in reasoning.

53. What is Fallacy of Quantitative Logic?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we misuse quantifying words such as “all” or “some.”

B. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

C. A fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts

are combined into a whole.

D. A flaw or error in reasoning.

54. What is Ambiguity Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.

B. A fallacy that occurs when a generally true statement is applied to a specific case that is unusual.

C. A fallacy that occurs when a word having more than one meaning appears in the argument.

D. A fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts

are combined into a whole.

55. What is Accident Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when there exists a flawed connection between two events.
B. A fallacy that occurs when a generally true statement is applied to a specific case that is unusual.

C. A fallacy that occurs when a word having more than one meaning appears in the argument.

D. A fallacy that occurs when we assume that traits inherent in the parts are also present when the parts

are combined into a whole.

56. What is Appeal to Pity?

A. A fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven
otherwise.

B. A fallacy that occurs when an argument attempts to win acceptance by focusing on the unfortunate
consequences that will occur if it is not accepted.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous
other or authority.

D. A fallacy that occurs when a word having more than one meaning appears in the argument.

57. What is Deduction?

A. argument attempts to win acceptance by focusing on the unfortunate consequences that will occur if
it is not accepted.

B. The process of assessing the various claims and premises of an argument to determine their validity.

C. An argument in which the truth of the premises of the argument guarantee the truth of its conclusion.

D. The process of asking what is happening in a message through breaking it into its individual
components and asking questions of each section.

58. What is Bad Reasons Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of

the argument is bad.

B. A fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven
otherwise.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous
other or authority.

D. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

59. What is Genetic Fallacy?

A. A fallacy that occurs when then we assume the conclusion of an argument to be bad because a part of

the argument is bad.

B. A fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven

otherwise.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous

other or authority.

D. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.

60. What is Imply?

A. To suggest or convey an idea.

B. A fallacy that occurs when we argue something must be accepted because it cannot be proven

otherwise.

C. A fallacy that occurs when the truth of a proposition is thought to rest in the opinion of a famous

other or authority.

D. A fallacy that occurs when the individual is attacked.