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LAB 4
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BMMM 2313 DYNAMICS & MECHANICS OF MACHINE

(DINAMIK & MEKANIK MESIN)

LAB REPORT 4

PROJECTILE MOTION - HEIGHT (E-LAB VERSION)

INSTRUCTOR’S EN. MOHD AFDHAL BIN SHAMSUDIN

NAME

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO:

S1. ZUL HAIRI BIN ABDUL AZIZ B091910388
S2. SHAHRANKUMAR SIVA KUMAR B091910345
S3. MUHAMMAD `IFWAT WAFIUDDIN BIN JOKDIN B091910341
S4. YOHEN A/L GANASEGARAN B091910456
S5. WAN ABDUL RAHMAN BIN MOHAMAD PAUZI B091910373

ASSESSEMENT RUBRICS
MARK GIVEN MARKS
ASSESSMENT TASK/ITEMS
ALLOCATION S1 S2
1. Procedure (Ability to read online
10
procedure for lab activity)
2. Work Process (Ability to construct
10
and understanding projectile motion)
3. Outcome (Excel graph bar chart) 20
4. Outcome (Discussion) 40
5. Outcome (Conclusion) 15
6. Discipline (Ability to perform online
5
lab activity and submission)
7. Procedure (Ability to read online
10
procedure for lab activity)
TOTAL MARKS 100

Approved By: ………………………………………………..…..

(Instructor’s Signature & Stamp)
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Date: …………………………………………….........
OUTCOMES (Excel graph bar chart)
Student must record all measurement in Table 1. Calculate the range using equation given in
sub-section 2.0. Based on the data, students are required to make a graph, which is
the height versus range by using Excel.
Table 1: Projectile motion measurement
Canon Horizontal range Horizontal range Time (s)
height (m) (m)
(Experiment) (Theoretical)
14 98.42 103.5463 1.861
17 107.37 109.983 2.260
20 111.06 115.942 2.135
23 120.0 121.517 2.289
26 124.21 126.774 2.404
29 127.9 131.762 2.436
32 136.32 136.517 2.653

Velocity = 41 m/s
Angle = 10°
Environment = Earth gravity= 9.81 m/s²

Diagram 1: Results obtained from online simulator by changing its height from 14m to 32m
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CANON HEIGHT VERSUS HORIZONTAL

RANGE EXPERIMENT
35

30
CANON HEIGHT

25

20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
HORIZONTAL RANGE EXPERIMENT

CANON HEIGHT VERSUS HORIZONTAL

RANGE THEORETICAL
35
30
25
CANON HEIGHT

20
15
10
5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
HORIZONTAL RANGE THEORETICAL
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OUTCOMES – Discussion
1. Compare your measured values to the theoretical values for the horizontal range. Do
they agree? Try to explain any differences.

- Yes. There is a minor difference presented in both the graph which is due to the
errors involved in the simulation. The main source of error is likely effects from the
eye level during doing the measurement of horizontal range, because in
determining the starting point of the measurement until the distance of the canon
ball goes may be slightly above or below the launcher and constraints. Another
source of error is due to the brightness of the laptop screen. When the screen
brightness is too high it will likely cause our eyes to feel not clear when taking
readings and when the screen brightness is too low it is likely to make it difficult
for us to take readings of the horizontal range. Lastly, maybe air resistance also a
possible source of systematic error in this simulation. The hypothesis however
concludes that both the height and range has a directly proportional relationship.

2. Refer to your Height vs. Range graph. Did the range depend on the initial height?
Why?

- Yes. Increasing the height simply means that the projectile has a great vertical
distance to travel. Increasing the height rapidly increases the downward distance
which gives the horizontal component of the velocity a greater time to act upon the
projectile which aids in developing the range distance.

3. Using height 20 m, velocity 35 m/s and angle of projection 45 o. Observe the different
in range for different environment with proper diagram.

Moon (g=1.6)
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Uranus (g=10.67)

Saturn (g=11.08)
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Jupiter (g=25.95)

4. The projectile has maximum value of time of flight, when it is projected at canon
height of ?

- The maximum value of time of flight, when it projected at canon height on 32

Meter. Projectile motion is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air,
subject only to acceleration as a result of gravity. The applications of projectile
motion in physics and engineering are numerous. Some examples include meteors
as they enter Earth’s atmosphere, fireworks, and the motion of any ball in sports.
Such objects are called projectiles and their path is called a trajectory. The motion
of falling objects as discussed in Motion along a Straight Line is a simple one-
dimensional type of projectile motion in which there is no horizontal movement. In
this section, we consider two-dimensional projectile motion, and our treatment
neglects the effects of air resistance.
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5. How would the horizontal range change if the height from the ground was doubled?
Explain how you know.

- One of the most important things illustrated by projectile motion is that horizontal
motions are independent of each other. On level ground, we define range to be the
horizontal distance traveled by a projectile. The horizontal range would increase as
well as height from the ground. This is can be known based on the result of this
experiment that shows the relationship between the range and the height is directly
proportional.

Trajectories of projectiles on level ground.

a) The greater the initial speed, the greater the range for a given initial angle.
b) The effect of initial angle on the range of a projectile with a given initial speed.

6. What effect are we able to ignore in this experiment? Explain.

- The presence of gravity does not affect the horizontal motion of the projectile.
The projectile still moves the same horizontal distance in each second of travel as
it did when the gravity switch was turned off. The force of gravity is a vertical
force and does not affect horizontal motion and perpendicular components of
motion are independent of each other.

OUTCOMES - Conclusion
Write THREE (3) conclusions based on the graph.
1. In this experiment, we observed projectile motion is a form of motion where an object
moves in a parabolic path. The path followed by the object is called its trajectory. Projectile
motion occurs when a force is applied at the beginning of the trajectory for the launch (after
this the projectile is subject only to the gravity).

2. When the projectile reaches a vertical velocity of zero, this is the maximum height of the
projectile and then gravity will take over and accelerate the object downward. The horizontal
displacement of the projectile is called the range of the projectile, and depends on the initial
velocity of the object.

3. Lastly, the higher the level of release, the greater the distance covered in flight. This is
because the higher the projectile is released, the longer it will be in the air. The horizontal
component will be acting on the projectile for longer.
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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
Your response to each task will be graded separately based on the checklist attached. To obtain
maximum marks, ensure that your response addresses each of the tasks in the question accordingly.

Assessment checklist for Lab Activity 4

Assessment tasks Mark LO PO C/P/A level

allocation
Procedure (Ability to read
P1 -
online procedure for lab 10 LO2 PO4
Perception
activity)
Work Process (Ability to
construct and understanding of 10 LO2 PO4 P2 - Set
projectile motion)
Outcome (Excel graph bar P3 – Guide
20 LO2 PO4
chart) Response
P3 – Guide
Outcome (Discussion) 40 LO2 PO4
Response
P5 - Complex
Outcome (Conclusion) 15 LO2 PO4 Overt
Response
Discipline (Ability to perform
online lab activity and 5 LO2 PO4 P2 - Set
submission)
TOTAL 100

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTION

1. All the reports/activities must be in ENGLISH.

2. Each laboratory activity is in group.
3. Group representative need to send a lab report to the ULearn system.
4. Submission date: 1 week after laboratory activities
5. This lab report/activity accounts for 6% of the total marks for the course.