Reading end Use of [nglish I Fart t

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or S] best fits each qap. There is
an example at the beqinning (B).

Example:
(0) A serious B ..evere L SiZ33j]le D savciury

ABCD
==i:=::

The ioes-t stargaziaeg sites im'uhe'i"roa:lld

lf stargazing is high on your list of vacation to dos, a destinatior: worthy of (CI) . ....... .... 50ri a as
consideration is the Atacama Desert. The reason forthis is simple enouqh: for (1) owti,wta{
viewing oleasure, you need cloudless skies, whlch the Atacama provides in abundance on account of
it being one of the diiest places on eafih. lndeed. the area around Arnerica's Grand Canyon makes an
excellent viewlnq location for similai' reasons, lvith its equaiiy {2} *,,rid terrain and
lor,v precipitation levels. \l'/hat both places also quarantee is a very iow populaiion density given their

{31 ....f.er*Ot.g.*.055........ This is piv'otai to successfut stargazing, which the :bundant Iighting of buitt-up

The island of La Palma though, can usually go one better. Not oniy does it have a relatively low popu-
lation density. but a reguiarly occurring natural weather phenomenon ensui'es that the island's upper

{*\ .- . e.lf.V.AtiAt*-S ... .:. are ty'pically shielded from whet little interference there !s from sources oi
nrti cia! luminescence. This phenomenon of inversion resuits in a bianket of lcw-lying cloud

situated at about one thousand metres. Above that aititude. the skies are blissfuliy clear, makinq condi-
tions truly idyllic for staring into the heavens. Of course, there is a {6} . . ..ryi4-l!{ii:udg of other good
sites ior stargazinq scattered around the qlobe too, not least the vast Australian bush. However. palma
!a
probabty {7} ..... ..... fAPS them alt on account of its accessibitity and viewing conditions, which,
combined. iE) .. ... .C-4.!-1Sp,ir-e . ........to rnake it as near perfect qp a starqazing destination can get.

i
a

f.
t
Ahead.oooks
'l{.
rL
{
 (1) @optimat B optical C sceptical D staristicai

(2i A tepid =.
: B .rafld C humid D avid

{3) A lonesomeness B withdrawal iC,,tremoteness D turbLilence

t)

(4) @elevations B reflections C dimensions D excavations

(5) A benefrciai @artificiat C supericiai D unoffcial

(6) A maqnitude. B fortitude C qratitude @muttitude

t7) A covers B summits C ctimaxes @top,

,(8) A perspire B respire {Jiconsplre D inspire

-t

Ahead'.ivith CF.E
,t'

rl
t.
.t
t
 Readinq and Use of fnglish b '*c a t:

For questions 9-16, read the text below and ihink of the word which best fits eacir spBCe. Use only or"re
werd in each space. There is an exampte at the beqinninq {0). Write yaur dnswers lN CAPNTAL LETTERS.

Exemp{e: ,t ,iN II
A,pat&ry CIt" tgmorarnae?

Kande Beachlis tocated on the westem shore of Lake Malawi. (0) 0n4 of Africa's Great
Lakes. lt is an idyllic location with guaranteed sunshine for much of the year {9) ........... atl,te,r than
the rainy season,lso itis hardly surprising that the resort there is rnuch in {1Si ,:l"t- nc{ with
tourists.

Many go to enjoy the multitude of acti.;ities pn (n Ti srlcir as scliba civin! lrC

. horse riding. Yet ('12) r2 simply want to lcunge about relexinq on the shore, iaking the
n.-.'i.iin i,r rnn! 61;r'rrrl rln\il An,.l ihon

Yet few tourists seem to appreciate the fact that on the very doorstep of their littie paradise - at the
J

edge of their bubble; if you will - lies the evidence in microcosi-n of a desperately impoverished country.

Kapeti Viliage, fcr example, is but a stone's {'13} 'chrow .. f rom the resort. Here, according
to locai leaders, the prevalence cf one particular very serious incurable iliness is alarminqly at more than
33o/o. ln other (t+) ... -k::{Q{.di. fewer than tlvo in three people are free of the dlsease. However,
that incurable disease is far from the only problem. with nralaria, choiera and other serious illnesses also

wreaking havoc.

But is the general apathy amonqst tourists a sign that they cai'e iess? Well, it would seem not.
Vlhilst it may be a tall order to burst their bubble and remove the illusion of paradise found, efforts
to do so are not entirely in {15) va.tn According to locals running village tourp, it isn't
-:i
' unttl they see the extent of deprivation for themselves that tourists begin to appreci-
ate the problem. Then and only then do they begin to open their eyes, but at least it's a start,

i
rl
Aheacibooks
di.
l
I
 !

::r'i,;:sticis i?-24, r'ead the text beiow. Use tlre vi,ord qiven in caoitats at lhe end of sor,e of the [ines
ai ihe beqinninq (0). Write your '-
io fcrin a uroi-d that fits in the space in the sar-ne line. There is an exarnple :l'
|

' t
I
3.s'!^rers iN CAPITAL LETTERS. t

Ex: m p le:
n L I
I
M I
f I T I o N S

ffisgfia-f ffi sBetuofrnnmg autosts

TLNI?
Whilst the tg) - ii't,itq..r-.i.u.+S- ... of severe autism are well known and painfully
N

clear for all to see, less (1 7\ AY-Y-A-1.A!{,!..............and less appreciated is the fact A,IEDltrA lp

trat er-.;rism is a spe,cti'um {'!8) r lndeed. tncse at the hiqher end ORDER

cf the soectrum c.n oe vii-tuaily (tB) lr^-cjiS-ring"tska!2il from so-:alled'norrnal' DNSTflNGLIIS[d

people at f irst qlance, because they look and superficially act aimost the s:me.
;;-^^,^^!^,.-r-l.
Tiat sarc. ihere are some tell-tale signs, such as (Zg) LL!>tJLty't\l,JL, in larqe ee,['4F\,'

!ru^upS and busy pubiic places, an (?tr ) i.^ni ilricg. tomaint:in eye contact cr I\Rll I=

:n cvEril' ielrberate compensatcry stare, and so on. Those on the spectruni aisc rend to
re hvp:rsensitirie to certain {22} Ser,|o-t|!/sgn:Sefiai stimuli, which can cause them SEi\qSE

,:'. e;-3 :i.t -:ss ;n sor.,e en'/tionments. They can :rsc aopear eml:ionall'7 dis;a;tt lr e'/et
''?"\
,gr;r 1',^ ^! 1iia,'4,,^:'
.......j:.::.,'........,..-.,...,')......,....; dfld they Stt-Uggle tO fgad SOCiai Ci.tgS, DIi=FEN*

Hcwever. tc inte;-pret theii- scciai and ernotionai retreat as a sign cf apathy',vould be

,i !rdri € r,ristake. Autists. indeed, can be extremeiy empathic, but they can aiso f inil their
J
e.rct cns overwheiming at times. Sociai {?4} ',':t ilL^.C', a\'\1,1i ;s, thei-ef oi'e. cften D;R,.4,'$f

inl',, a icrm ci self-prciecticn. and cne of the reasons autists freq';ently si-;fi:r from
celi-ession is beceuse, f ar- f rcm,wanting tc isclate thernselves, they ofte,: ci'ave intimacy
iut :ird :t very hard tc reiate to cthers. Demonstr:ble emoathy is nct their strcnq pcint.

Ahead v,rith ,i-Pts

l
I
T1,
 Readinq and Use of [nglish fl Fart 4

For qi.restiens 25-38, complete the second sentence so

that it has a sinrilar meaninq to the frrst seiltence,
using the woi-d qiven. Do nat change the word qiven. you must use between three and elqfrt words,
including the word qiven" Here is an exampte {0).

Exampte:

(0i Do you mind if I ask you a few questions for a custorner satisfaction survey?

0BJECTTSN

. Do you' ..,...ha{-9.eng.0.bj.eei-io-t*...t-o^']v"g.as.k-ing..... you a few quesrions for a customer

satisfaction suniey?

i
HAVE ANY O{SJECTION TC MY KIJV

' Sii'ita only the rnissin{ lvords on the separate answer sheet.

!
ia5) I cjon't think t/cu can appreciate how difficutt beir:q a porent is trntiI you have chitdren of i7oul. own.

I i, '.' * i.."r : !

parentinq untit you have children of your own.

iZE) Rex didn't seern happy, even tl'rough he had just,*icn the race.

Rex sha.w.ed,.na..s.tg.ns1-did.*lt-.shsw.(ayrt$.sig^s-..0.f-..hap-.1c-t.n"e-ss. , even thouqh he had

"!ust
won the race.

{?7} 0nce he'd made his ctosinq statement, the on{y thinq Jose's iawyer coutd do was wait lcr the jury's
verdict.

BUT

Once he'd made his closing statement, there . \yfr,S tr-at!^.ing JaSe'.5...!*.vlge:f ..eQUlC. ...
. do bu| ... . ... wait for the iurv's verdict.
.
/ wasn't angtLting Joie'i lawgon could d"o butt

(28) Twenty minutes on the treadmittis my limit, then my legs qive out.

Sili:
=

I can't do ..r.ta.re. ihan't.tw-et$-g tmiwq.tes -on.l"!ne treaan*ill b.sfpra. my legs qive out.

.l'

ll
t
I
i2ii We had a sllm chance cf buying a house, butthen Oerard was macie i-edundant.

PAID

hope we had of buying a house.

(30) tt never occqrred to me that the two of them were sisters.

CROSSED ,

,i

, 'r_
rl:lf rl.:'l .=-': =
:

tr,
 Reedinq and Use of Engllsh il Pant 5

You are goinq tc reaci an article about mei-nory. For questions 31-36, choose the answer tA, S, C or S) w|rich
you think fits best according to the text.

guLrer memorlsers

There are people in this world who are innately possessed of an ability to i-emember thinqs with quite
an extraoi-dinary degree of detail and exactness. These super memorisers' as they are known, typically
oossess a brain naturally and distinctively wired to maximise lts memorising potential. They are gifted
such that they require no particular trainirtg or effort to sharpen their memories; fne-V- ieifgmbs,f$iniii
.
just as etfortiessty ai moil pe-opLe foigai tham Few of us are born with such qitts' sadly' but there is much
cause for optimiim ydt tor those looking to hprove their brain's performance tangibly in this area, a fact
which Boris Konrad is testament to.

Konrad is a charnpion memoriser who, in winnjng gold in the German Memory Championships one year'
recognised and recalled the names of 1 95 peo$le in just f ifteen minutes' lndeed' after just 30 seconds. :L
examination. he is able to r-etain the order of an entire deck oi cards^ His powers of recoliection, then. are
as admir'abie as they.are unCisputed. but Konrad is self-tratned and star-ted out rnrith a recall capacity that
'il/as unremarkable. lnstead. he spent years developinq memory strateqies and employing those strateqies
J

to improve in the area through practice and dedication He, thq1r, is liylnij orqoithOtlhe-evgrOq{i-qi..ryifi;
gift for foi'getfulness can reinvent himself in ttris area. Howevei'' iis exarpte ;s as rnuch a rernrnCer oi re
extent of devotion that is required to reach this level as it is of the possihjlities if one is prepared to put in
the effort, and there are not many people prepared to expend a similar lgvel of eifort to this end, which ii
what really makes Konrad unique.
That said, whilst you may not become a super memoriser overnight, new 1q-deprch iuqqeiii llia|n.rssgi:
sibielo tinqibtvlmdrtve:titililii-efioit- rejativerri sno* spaceli'trme 6v o-evolEq-r,oqsftlEEsn.nqur
-e.fierv--Oarl
oi rfour to-tlie-pi-oleas' it illecesiO-rv !q leqq a1d

iometiiinq e]ie. ln one recent study. for example. pariicipants spent one month training their mernories in
the aforementioned technique for 3O minutes every day, which more than doublEd their ability to remember
lists of information after just 4O days. More impressively, recall performance remained high wheiher or not
training continued at the end of one month, rrhich suqqests such rewirlnq of the brain can be permanent.
Even innately gifted rnemorisers use such mnemonic techniques to enhance their recall ability' and'
of ali the recall methocjs which exist. the methciq.pj toaj,.Ul6iC-h haS,OlieacV USeX,i{AifgO t0 hbf,e Bs,the'
Mer-nory P.qlace method, is the most plbva'leff onetoopleo as'ievealed 6i;
ia,cefiif-tl6i,iit Sl memory
chimploni, lndeed, at a more rudirnentary level. this method has been employed by orators and others
required to remember long strings of interconnecterj information for some time" and it actually dates back
to Ancient Greece, where it was first conceived of, remaininq prerralent i-ight throuqh to the Middle Aqes
and the Renaissance. it is only a new method then, tcday. in the sense that the skill had been lost as such
to most people ior a very long time. indeed. many of today's super memorisers employed it intuitively
rather than in a conscious effort to enhance their recall powers.

- Participants in the study were separated into three distinct groups, with one qroup receiving nCI rnemory
training whatsoerrer and makinq no notable recall gains durinq the process. The second group dedicated time
and eff ort to uppinq their recall capacity, but employed an everyday technique. However, those using the
ivlemory Palace technique more than doubled their initial recall capacity by the process's end. What's more,
their brain functions actually changed and their brain pafierns began to bear more of a likeness to those of
innate super mernorisers. Ieading researchers to speculate that a total rewire might well be possible over
time, such that a normal individual's recallcapacity could match that of any memory champion. ihe Cblblu'
sion, thereLq-e, lva5 thq! mqmorv La,nqine{-es,sq[!y an iryately bellowed
qiii-iou,eitheraie dpsseised ol or
not. Moitbf us have the potentiatto hone and eipand our memories'uery meaninqfully'indeed'

:
nneadbooks t,
.tr
ri
l
 Do:ainn :nr'l llco nf F-nnlieh
-)
fl trmnf 6 W%ffi

l== l, itccoi'dirg to the first paraqraph, oeople with amazinq reca[[capaclties tend tc

A have ti'ained ;ntensety in order to become that tlay.

B exhibit br'ain functions no diferent to anyone else'

'i''remernber
things fr-eely without trying.
B be tanqibly more intelligent than other peopte.

.-:2i WhV does the writer discuss Konrad's achievements in paraqraph two?
A tc hiqhtiqht hcr,v exceptionalthose born as super memorisers are
B to show the huqe contrast between ordinary peopie and super rnemorisers

,!jto exemptify that atmost anyone is capabte of siqnificantty improving their reca[[ capacity
'.
B to ,hor" how even natural super rnetnorisers must train and practise very harC

{3ii What does the writer mean !n paragraph three when he says'you might as welt be doinq something
else 1

A tryinq to siqnificantly enhance mernorY is a waste of tirne

B peoote ouqht to focus on what they are qood at .l

C the l'/emory Patace technique is not suited tc everyone

$)you will onty imorove if you train in the right way

What did the mentioned in the thi ?

@a modest arnount of brain training can have a lasting effect

B it is ;sentiaI to ccntinue ti'aininq to maintain a hiqh recati capacity
C your recafi ability can rnore than doubte within the space of one'mcnth .

D a minimum of 30 minutes of brain traininq per Cay is required to notice impi'ovements

i33i What do we [earn about the method of toci?

A it is superior to the Memory Palace method

3 mcst super rnemorisers detiberatety emptoy this technique

C it is a ;'evolutionary nelv technique based on rnethods first used in Ancient Greece
lp it is the donrinant recat[ method amongst super memorisers

(-:S) What Cid the resuLts of the study mentioned in the finalparaqraph reveat?
A the v'vorkines of the brains of super rnernorisers are tru[y uniqi.:e

.ts,:ti'aininq witn the right techniques can have a profound effect on the brain
C rnemory traininq is totaiiy pointtess untess using a prDven technique
' D most super rnernorisers were not born with a supericr rnemory

.l

arreaowithGF'E.

I
It
 Readinq and Use of [nqlish I Fant 6
You are qoinq to read extract frorn an article about a subspecies of bear whlch inhabits a qroups of lslands
ofthe Canadian ccast. Seven parts have been rernoved fr"om the extract. Choase from the paragraphs A-H
the one which fits each gap {37-43). There is one extra paraqraph whlch you do not need t0 use.
SPIRIT BEAR
Barely a stone's thrcw from the mainland of
British Columbia province in Canada lies a group of
islands which are home to a very unique creature
indeed. Knownas the spirit bear by the indigenous
Beople, the Kermode [ear is found exclusivgly in
these parts.
As I make my way to one of its island strongholds,
Vancouver lsland. I am joined by Doctor Merkel
Holler, who has devoted the past twenty-eiqi{t
years to undertakin$ extensive research of the
species in the field. Dccior- Holler has agreed tg
share her world with me, for one precious day, and
promises to offer a unique insight into the lives of
these f ascinating creatures.
What becomes clear immediateiy on our disem-
barkation from the boat which transported us over
frorn the mainland is the extent to which Doctor
Holler's job is a labour ol love. These animals are
truly her passion and. indeed. so familiar has she be-
come with them from her studies. as later beccmes
apparent, that she can readily identifu the vast ma-
jority of the bears we encounter on our trip by name.
Her excitement as we enter the lush forests of the
island's interior is both palpable and infectious.
FTTM
We get as close as is safely possible before Doc-
tor Holler taps me on the shoulder to indicate that
we have qone lar enough. tmmediately. she begins
whispering to me in an effort to convey how lucky
we are to f ind ourselves in this position. I qet the
feeling she could talk for Canada when it comes to
bears. Kermodes particularly.
EBI?I
The Kermode, you see, although a subspecies
of the American black bear. carries a very special
qene unique to its subspecies that can affect col-
ouration. Around 9Aolo of Kermodes are black, like
all other members of the species; however, one in
ten have white-coloured fur instead and resemble
their cousin the polar bear in miniature. for want of
a better description.
i35TAt
To hit home the point, though, I should add that
Kermodes inhabit the ecosystem of the Great Bear
Rainforest. which stretches across the islands. cov-
ering a huqe expanse ol land about one and a half
times biqger than Switzerland. lt is akin to looking
for a needlb in a havstack, then, and yet my very
fir-st Kermode is exactly what I seldom dared to
hope we might see.
tE6_r-7-l
Kermodes are not the onliT incrediblv unusual
animal, you see, in these parts, for the wily canine
t
creature we've spotted has developed a method of
hunting that is also entireiy unique. This wild doqqy
can f ishl
It seems that the islands' r,volves, ever the op-
podunists. have learned that the masses of salmon
that migrate upriver to spawn here are.rnci'edibly
easiT to catch on account of sheer exhaustion" even
for as unnatural a fishercreature as a wolf. [very
autumn, they have a veritable f!sh bonanza, then.
-;F]--=-
l{Ll I F I
As or:r attentioii turns back to the bear mind-
ing its own businesb in the bushes not far from our
hideaway, iask Doctor Fiollerthe obvious question:
Why white? ,After all, nature is nothinq if nt:t choosy
about how it e'.,oives, so this rnust herve happene,J
fcr a reason.
,Apparently, i'm told. that was all a mystery to
scientists until very recentiy; howevei-, a new study
may have provided the explanatlon, and it has to (o
again.
with the salmon ,
trtT-E-l
As fo; why a white bear might be better at fishing
than a black, sometimes the simpiest expianation is
the most pr-obable one. The answer, it seems, is simpiy
that the salrnon ere expecting a biack silhouette, so
they are not as spookec when they see a white shape
looming ierge over their stretch of water. lndeed, this
theory is suppoi-ted by the fact that success rates
for black and whlte Kern'rodes are basically equal at
nignt, when coiouration is not so apparent.
She expiains that, like almost all bears. Kermcdes
are omnivorous. Thsrefoi-e, they will basically eat
whatever they can f ind. {n spring, for example, herries
ai-e pientiful and comprise a major component of
their diet. '/lhile, of course, for mucn ef the winter
season, they are asleep anywav, so sourcing ii:od is
not an lssue they have to contend with.
AheaCbooks I
{&.{
 "'- and Ljse of Enolish
Reariino I Fant 6 W'%,'ffi
'l=-,j;=-,lii='rlt=] --
'i-1. l'1,:
,.. .r '.-;--'-
I

r I quicxiy do tne math ... So there are fewer than of abcut one in three, ccmpared t0 one in four
'I
white Kermodes in the wcrtd. [4y appreciation
5 0 for t.\e other ninetir percent. The qene may have
fcr the position myself and Dcctor Holter are in, devetoped, therefore, because it bestowed a

as r,n,e crouch lcw in the grass and observe with
eves vi,ide open, is heightened by this reatisation,
for the bear',ve are lookinq at is decidedly white in
co[our. This is a ra!'e oppoftunity inCeed.
3 That wcives and bears ha're adapted in the same
unique way is quite remarkable, is it not? Yet
another exarnple of the maqic of the naturalworld
and of evolutlon. ;
competit!ve advantaqe.
F 0f course, the Kermodes atso qet in on this act
and salmon account for a huqe portion of their
Ciet at this time of year, when it is irnportant that
they feast as rnuch as thev can with winter and
hibernation just ahead. The arrival of the salmon,
then, is timely, and they provide just the reserves
of enerey and fat that the bears need.

C As my thouqhts turn to perhaps ptaying the totto
on the way horne that niqht, Doctor Hotter directs
, rny qaze towards the ,watedront. We reaity are
in for an unexpected treat today. There, on the
river's eCge, is a lone wotf. I have to rub my eyes in
Cisbe[ief tc confirm what l've just seen.
:
G As Ilisten intentty, I am soon struck with a simitar
,t
sense of qratitude at beinq in the presence of this t:
qhost, for how riqht she is. There are, after a[[,
fev'rer than one and a half thousand Kermodes in
the wild today, cbserving one at ctose quarters is
indeeC qi,ite the privileqe.

D However, this bounty of satmon does not stay
around forever, so I ask Doctor Holler what the
bears do fcr fcod throuqhout the rest of the year,
ciurinq the other three seascns.
E Vv'hite bears, it seems, are more successfuI than
blacks at catchinq the trsh, with a success rate
H Consequently, by the time we spot our fii'st
Kermode, e,ren i [:eat: a strikine resembtancs to
a child enterinq a sweetshop I can barely contain
my etation in the knowledqe that my desire fcr an
up-close encounter with the species is about to
be graiifieC in spectacutar fashion.

'l
.-:,-r .,i . - I

{.
.t
i
 Reading and Use of [nglish I Fart 7

You are qoinq tc read extracts from a fantasy nove[. For questions 44-53, choose fr om the sections (A-E].
The extracts may be chosen more than once.

in which extract...

.. i:es F,;an ai.i"rcsi panic and [ose ccntlot? Laffi,

a-;-1 7.-
... is cne si i"ai's cisse relatives rnentisned?

:.. ,: :he ni:,Jre cf a Cejeat Cescribed?

.. dees the loss of a ctose friend leave Ruan feeling de.lected? 47

!
.. does Ruan compare the different qenders of his people unfavourably?

... are children attributed a sort of spirituaI siqnificance?

.. Cc ,,.re !.*::r ihe iate of Applet:n vilteqe? ils]:l

.. does the memory of someone qive Ruan rnore resolve? 5"t

,.. d:es F.uln i,iren h!s pecple"s suf;e:'inq to a wcut':c? t)

l::s Fu:i lnd scr,re relief in the ii:ct ii - deieet i\,as n0: hse'iy in tasual:ies?

.--.tt j
The retreat'wii ai.hastV'ai ii'was:Oiiorqanisedr, cildor wes,ccrl-rpleie. Had they freld
and tiie iall of
out untii the bitter end matching their foes blow for biow with conviction and strength, they could at
.'-iope had evapo:'ated with the battle
Ieast have held their heads hiqh, but Ruan knew ali semblance ot
hai-dly begun. lt rruas a capituiat[on pure and iimpte. i-iis brethren's nerves had frayed under the gentiest
pressui-e. and that was what worried him the most, for Olciark had yet to unieash his full wrath upon the
people of Appletcn. Though cvercome with fi-ustretion, Ruan knew in his heart of hearts that he couldn't
noid Redhorn and the others to account for their wimpishness; after all" in much the same vuay as Rome
was not built in a day, nor were farmers reshaped into warriors overniqht. Weary, tired and near b;-oken,
Ruan knew the task ahead of him was gargantuan, yet" he toid himself , again and again, that he must
succeed.

AiraacJbooks tl
{&.t
 Pear{inn ari.l I ico nf Fnnlich ll trar* ? W %ffi

li e=ri,ir:,: ,t*ll,O:.S r'rJt-e i itie dep:eteCi, i',e ihOu,:,ti. Sui;:,tct jre:r .r rc ircSLe tC l:ce'.n;li',S,f,en ha\j
iai-geiy escapled unscaihed. Perhaps a handf ui, he estinraled had falir'n, anci perhaps six dczen mcre t:l6d
:een lvouniJed. Then. mornentafily, he almost lcst eii his c0mposure as the realisation hit him hard iike
e knife ceiivered Sear-t-bcund 'llth de:diy accui-acy. 0rlaci: vr;as noi emorrqst the molley sssembiaqe re-
a
crcupinq a:0,:nd him. Yr/hat fate had befalien hrm? His dear-est br-other - not kin, it's ti-ue, but their bond
yrr3S rrlor-9 i-c3l,st tnan Ine ties that bin,J any i-eiatir,res tcgethei-; his right-hano man. How could he hope
: l s.lccs?c :,:r-:it c; ti-re ccui-aqe Orlach imbued in hin:.? He was, he thouql t. ieader tn but name 0nly. for
,i ^,-- n-
r. rvd: L/: r.L,i>
^^L'- icdire55itess that hac alwaYs ci'lven hirn fclh, s';stainerl him:nd heiped him keep faith
{^-rr^^-,

r:-if ::: :i'+ : rresi cf hopes. ,/\/!ti-,cut 3rlach, ali rnras lcsi.

Ruan coilecteC himseif : eyeing his hapless foilo,i;ers and knowing ne rnust deiiver a rousing messaqe
ffi ci hope witn convincing, aibeit false, convicticn. He heid hlnn arm alcft ano a hush descended orrer the
qaiher-ing cro,rvC. He qestured toi,,;ards the r,nroods, ,oneie nli'own pieciqr;s spgus.e and tne other brave
vliomen of Alpleton stood i-eady to defend theii- chiidren to the last; safe as yet, but for how long? He
r<nerv they vrcuid nevdr- abandon their post and their- responsiniiitiei io pitlirlttV as he and fiis'men jus!
frac. Tlrr: ,vcu'd beat no hast,7 retreat ii it camre to it, thcuqh he hooeci it never oroulcl, for th;t uro'ri,i
surely :e the enc, and he and his brethi-en i,r;ouid have urteriy falleC. Sc he told his weary iisteners they
t've;e f ermhai-ics rio niore anc he qestured again tcwards the hidden dweiiing in the rloods.

ffi
!€
Maanvrhile,ll^e Dru;-rres c,J 5mg[e coming from what had once been theii- 5eio'red villaqe were already
evldent cn tne cistint hori-.q1r, gld,alh hqd razed it to tne q;-ound. But Appl'eton was aiive, he toltJ them.
in thelr heans and sor,,ris. And it would be resurrected. Oidei-k could not destroy Appietcn; not whiie a
sirgie Apol;t:rian t-:eart was yet beatinq. !nCeed. sc far he haC nct e\/en corne cicse. He hed but oee!ed
3r3y:ne s-i:ce i:'ie:. Hcuses coulC be i-eburit. ves. the ii;-st laver ci shin w3s qone, and it feit raw jnd
t :itier now, Ruan cecEd. But there were tvrc mor-e iaveis, ,,vere thei'e not? The body of Apoiatcn l.riC not
even been lierce,i the cnce as vet He stai-ed at his i-nen end thunder-ecj his words. They were the skjn
.nC bones: the veirs and a*eries; the muscie anC sinew, ne tol,i ihem. Their brave spouses, the child
oi-otectoi-ate. tne vitai organs; the beating hean oi A.ppietcn. end ihE scul. what else could it b* The
younqlirrgs lt r:n and clayed :nC skipoed and sci-e;rrred aird smiled eveii- da'r: it brouqht them iove and
hacpiness and ccrr:pietion. What else could it be indeeJ?

l,:
f,i_*:a Suddenly. this hapless band of iarmers realised that, really, the battle had barely begun. What was lost
:+_c.ei
was nothing, and all was yet to tight for. No less cowed than before, f rom somewhere deep inside rum-
bted the warrior soul and their bellies f ired with a pi-irneval sense of purpose. They would stand and f ight
yet. and do so with every last sinew of strength they could muster from their bones, and Oldark would
be dethroned. His reign of terror would end as surely as th,e harshest winter must eventually retreat
and give way to spring, and Appleton would blossom again. And there would be running and playing and
skipping and screaming and smilinq once more. n-q-ifi-ieitoiiit6'sttr:enqth with!n him asthorjgl he'!;i
ititt itiCi4 ino- hla vrqidin-6.j0_ddei.qa!:iied.i5i+.gpnvj,Ctron. He and his brethren were as men possessed,
ahO tfrey would prevail.

I
I.
':.
 lffi"iting il Part '[

ReaC the iwo texts below. Write an essay sumrnarising and evaluatinq the ltey points from both texts. Use
Vour own words throughout as far as possible, and inctude Vour s\a,n ideas in your answers.
Write your answer in 240-280 words.

_ eifies cs ftu&s
Cities pre the cjefault centres cf cammerciai activity and we should maximise the utilisation o{
space,within these cement jungles. in order to keep senrices, and ali commercial and industrial
activil,r, as centralised as possible. Urban pianners must, therefore, adapt a policy of upward
buildinq, ti-ansforming the urban landscape with more skyscrapers, etc., and utilise underground
spaces effectively, too. ln so doing, we can keep urban spr-awl to a minimunn, protecting rural
a;-eas and keeping them pristine. Otherwise, if we allow our cities to expand outvyards, rre will
only destroy nnore of our precious natu hr^l+1:
,.lL i,_tr,-.

, ',
Tte deetiz of ru;s[ liriiy i

Oui'cities cannot continue to grow inde{initely, yet for so long as jobs are centraiised, people
will flock to them out of necessity, exacerbating problems like overpopuiation and air pollution.
l{eanwhiie, once thriving rural towns and villages Ere on their iast iegs. \Ile har:e substitutec
heaithy n;rai living for the notoriousiy sti'essful and frantic life cf the urban rat race. Sadly, i;n-
less jobs and commercial activitv are decentralised, our rural hubs wii! soon be litile more than
ghost towns. The death of countryside iirring wili be compiete ai we coop oursslves up in ever
smalier box-apartments in pursuit of the modern concept of success.

Wrile yor.rr essay

,"
Aheadbooks tl
A.
"tT
 I

Wriie an afistlei'tL1 one cf the questions 2-5 in this part. Yirite youi- dns\'ver in 280-320 vvorCs in an
appropriate style

a
L
An investor is of{ering to fund the redevelopment for public use of an area of wasteland on the
edge of your local town. She is inviting those with ideas on how to redevelop the land to send
in letters outlininq their vision. You decide to submit an idea. ln your letter' you should brieily
justify
outline your proposal and say how it could beneiit the local community' You should also
your proposal from a financial point of view' explaining how it will generate enough money to
cover costs going forward.

'vVrits '.7our letter

3
Ycu rec:ntly carried out a surve'7 for your Students' Union in',^rhich students rivere asked to i-ate
,,,sricus aspects of their universtty expeiiei^1ce, from standaro of teachinq to fecilities and ser- i

vrces. etc. irJcw,,vou ha',re been asred tc wrtte a reporl bi-ieflv summai-isinq the main findings ct
ihe sui',ev, tnen focusing on how Dooriv rated items could De ii-ni:roved and holv this improtle-
::i.i ,,1;!u:c be:"e;'t stucents ger-er:lr1 .

!
V/rite your report.

4
A magazine is running a series oi articles on alternative livinq. You recently met someone with a
very unorthodox litestyle and decide to write an article in which youhrie{ly describe the person'
how they live and their outlook on life, and explain what rlou learned f rom them' You should also

\rii-ite yrur articie.

5 Set iext questions. Vlrite 5(a) and 5(b) at the beginning cf ylur ans'#er'

Aheaciwith eFE

!
d.
r;
t
.?

tlsteninq fl Fart T

You will hear three differ"ent extracts. For questions l -6, choose the answer (4, B or t) which fits best
accoreiinq tc what you hear. There are two questions for each #xtrect.

i;-:,-lii. irr:

You wilt hear two speakers on a current affairs show, Rau[ and Erica, discussinq causes for optimism and
pessimism in ioday's wortd.

Accordinq to Erica, today's

A younqvoters qive her cause for hope

B politicattrends are reassurinq.

Q,youth have a more rnoderate way of thinhing.

.l

(2) \rVhat does Erica say she loves about gtobalisation?

A it removes vested interests

]:R
L&,iit forces people to putttoqether

C in means less struqqle in the wortd

Extract Two

You witt hear two fitm critics, Gemma and Henry discussing a new rnovie retease on the radio. '

{3} What do Gemma and Henry agree about?

A the actors' lack of on-screen chemistry

r -isr* ithe weak story[ine

e the qeneratly poor actinq performances

{4} Henry suqqests that the fitm

- @Oia not have a very deep rnessaqe.

B was very enjoyabte to watch despite its flaws

C was not financed property.

J
{.
It
I
Extract Three

You wiil heer part of a radio intenriewwith a safariguioe calied Rihanna.

(5i What does Rihanna suqqest about encounters with tions and leopards?

A meetinq a pride of iions is typicat[y more Canqerous

!-licns are less likeiy to attack humans

C both tyoes of encounter are usually accidentot

(6) Rihanna fee[s that hyenas

:fi'do not tend -.0

view humans as potential prey.

B behave botdly around hurnans.

C iack the jaw srrength to troubte bi_e prey.

.,,-:-::n i:,r:i ,, :

t,.
.\,
l

Listening ! Fart E

Ycu wilthear a mountain rescue team leader called Sean McKinley qivinq a talk on avalanche awareness Bn
a ciailv radio show. Fcr questions 7- 1 5, comptete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Gravity is responsible for naturai snowstips which are termed tlj . =<j2cni0:{19.Q!n5,..&.Vfr1a:t,e.i*e-5-

Netural snows[ips can aiso be produced by seisrnic svents as weit as {B} rack ialls .

. Avalanches'cauled by peopie account for a.(9) als'Pr.e.'ga.rf,tQ{i*t{..*t,.wb.{...r..of avalanche-retated

injuries and deeths.

Pcwder arratanches on{y occur around times of ft g} init.ns--s..sry.9..yyfiill when the wind is
moderate or stilt.

The {i 1 } th,.a*y.+ttng .a:.ld",.t.r-e-9Zt*g process chanqes the consistency of powder snsw once it has i

been tyinq fcr e while.

ll/hen the snowpack has (i?) d .:,:ufute,rabiiiig in ieyers under the surface, an upper
layer or [ayers can break away and slide, resultinq in a slab avaianche.

As rruetl intensity of snowfati and the anqle of stope, {13} Suiditro* igt$gt-c'r-t4r4. -iihaiLg:-, which
a; r.he
can iead to instabilities in the snowpack, can atso be a very significant contributing factor to ava[anches.

A wetter, denser snowpack can i'esutt from heavy rain or {14} tir,awiwa due i;
rapid ternperature increases. Such conditrons may proCuce wet snow avalanches.

P- a.i se d f o o-i+t r i tn;. s and larqe snrtw-top cornices suqgest tlrat there has been a period
of heavy,ninds very recentiy.

Aheadbooks !
a.
 \,':u iiill hear a raCic pr0qrarnrne in which a ca[er named Calurn Best and a musicion calted iri-athan Wittiams
ar-e iiscussing the success of Wiltiams' band. For questions '[6-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
iis best accordinq to r,r,hat you hear.

(1 4) Nathan suqgests his band's recent success is down to

A the quatity of their performances on staqe.

-\
B hov'r ihey'ruork hai'd and apply their tatent.
C their faith in their talents.
,Tlqood foi'tune fcr the mcst part.

i: i) Nathan suqqests that tatented musicians who work hard

A witl more often than not become realty successfui.

B are \./ery rare in the industry today.

C often struqqte to make ends meet in their profession.

D-:usualty can build a stable career in music.
.l

i:3) Catum impties fans are toyaI to Nathan's band because

A their tive performances always [ast lonqer than scheduled.

B they invite fans to participate actively in their [ive shoirys.

$tney devote a lot of time to engaqinq with their fans.

a
D they requ[arly chat and sociatise with fans in everyCay tife.

i1 i) Nathan admits that he and his bandmates

.il

A sometimes find pleasing their fans a tot of work.

jut, do what cornes naturatty to thenr.

C are impressed by what fans say about them.

0 make a deliberate effort to enqaqe with their fans.

!,.2i'; Nathan impties that

''Il:society tends to resent successfut peopte.
B reviews matter a qraat cjealto him.
C successfuI pecpte are protected frcm criticism.
0 he values the opinions of fans more than critics.

I
t,
 Listeni;ig I F.irt 4

You willhear five short extracts in which people talk about their choice of professions"

TASI{ ONE

For questions 21-25, choose from the tist (A-H) what influenced each speaker's choice of university course.

When you listen you must comptete hoth tasks.

A occasionai chitdhood visits to a larqe urban area Spealter i

B a desire to qo down a diferent path fram close retatives
': Speaker 2 L;
C a desire to hetp peopte with simitar difhcutties

D a desire to ptease ctose relatives

E an intense chitdhood preoccupation I

F pressure from ctose relatives

Speaker 4 l i__?4,
G a change of home from a ruralto urban [ocation ,!

H a chance encounter ciurinq chitdhood Speai.ier'5 r- t3

TASH TWO

For questions 26-30, choose from the iist (A-H) what each speaker says about their current profession
When you listen you must comptete both tasks.

A they switched from desiqninq to photographinq buitdinqs Speaker 1

B they returned to their chitdhood love of the stars

C thsir personalstruqqles make workinq difficult Speaker 2 D i?

D. they discovered thg,ir passion by pure luck

\ei1skor 'l ! -'.,i l

E. it made them vatue the ptace where they spent childhood

F their work is emotionatly denrandinq but rewarding

G they discovered their cattinq from a dark place

H it did not meet their preconceptions Speaker 5 ,i- i3$

Aheadbooks I
4,.
Fer:1 2 rninutes for peirs (3 ,minutes fcr grcups cf 3)
lntertocutor Gooc!morninq/afternoonievening. fuly name is ... anC this is rny colleaqr.le ... . And your
narnes are ... ? Couid I have your rnark sheets, ptease?
Thank you.

First of at[, we'd like to kncw somethinq about you.

Where are you from, fandldate 4? And you, Candidate E?

Candidate l, are you workinq or stuciying at the mornent? And you, Candrdaie 8?

[itext, !nterlocutor asks a series of persanalquesifons, aiternating between candiCares.i

o Have you moved honne often or lived in the same ptace att your tife?
+ lf money was no object, what kind of home wor:ld you buy?
e ln the future, what kind of traininq or devetopment willyou probabty pursue?
: What woutd be your ideat rdray t0 spend a reiaxinq eveninq?
c What kinds of "nlnrs and TV shows r,'lost appeal to you?
: Do you tend to do a lct of physica[ activitv durinq the course of your normal week?
i
'-. Bo you like goinq to the qyrn or prefer other fcrrns of exercise?

le ni!dates
i niartocutor Thank you.

Fert 2 I + minutes for pairs (6 minutes for grolips of 3)

I ntertccutcr Now, in this part cf the test, you're going to do somethinq together. Flere are some
pictu:'es of peopte interactinq with or usinq technoloqy.

finterlocutor places the pictures an the desk end indicaies two pictures far candidates to
initiatty focus on.l

First, l'd tike you to iook at pictures 4A and 4C and talk together about what you tirink
the peop{e are dorrrg ai':d the rote new technotrigy is ptayinq in their actirrities.
You have about 1 nrinute for t!'tis, so don't wori'y if I interrupt you.
[2 ninu'tes for groups af three.l

LCllUirJOlU>

i nte rLccuto r Thank r7ou. Naw loak at att the pictures.

l'd t!ke you to imagine that a TV cornpany is planninq a documentary feature on Peo-
pte and Technology.

Tatk toqether about how wett the pictures iltustrate the usefutness and inrpact cf
technolcqy in difrerent aspects of our iives tcday. Then deciCe which aspect ittustrat-
ed is ieast interestinq or irnportant and shoutd nct be covered in the docurneniary.

Ycu ha,re about 3 minutes to tatk about this. [4 minutes for graups ai tkree.]
la ndicistes
lnt=rlccr:t,;: r Tnank you. linterlocutcr retrieves picture s,feaf./

Airead'iqith ePE

l.
 ri
.?

Spea k! ng

Fant 3 fi 10 n'':inutes approx c .

lntertocutor Now, in this part of the test, yor.l're each qoinq ta tatk 0n Vsur own for about Z
minutes.-Yor.l need to listen white youn paftner is speaking. thouglt, because yeu,[{ be
asked to ccrnrnent aftenrrrards.

5a, Candidate l, to Elve you a card with a question written un it and l,rj [i$<e
l'fi1 qoinq
' you to tet! us what you think. There are also snrne ldeas on the card for you to use
ll you tlKe.
.Alt riqht? llere is your eard.

Task 'i
e rfuhat e:'e the mcst impcftarrt qualities t,: ic*!, f:rr in e jcb
candidate?

'quatifrcations
. experience
. personatity
:

Rernemb*i Candidate d, you trave ahslut I minutes to ta{k hefore we join in.
fintertocutcr a/lows candidate up ta l0.seconds, if necexary, ta get compased.l
Woutd you tike to begin now?

Candidate A fCandidate A drscusses the question far 2 minutes.]

lntertocut$r Thank you.

{lnterlacutor now as/rs Candidate B ane of the fai{owr.ng quesirons.J

o Da you think it's reatly possihte to judge whether a candidate wit[, be a qood or bad
emptoyee just from an interview?
o Are certain types of personalities r$6re suited to sorne jobs than othersf
o What would you do to rnake a qood irnpnessiol.l in a jah interview?

[lnterlacutor rnuifes Candidate A to re-jain 'fhe discussio n with ane of the foilowing
prompts.] -

o What do you ttrink?

o Do you aqree?
o How about you?
landirietes [Ihe discussion {asts around t minute.]
Tl'rank you. finterlocutar retrieves cards.J

Anead0ooks
 Qneahirrn ]':f, snr"ttt.'u+ ;

Now, Cand;date 6, it's your turn tc be qiven a questrcn. Here is your carci

iesk 1 b l{hat are the advantaqes and disadvantaEes of wcrxing from hcme?
" work environment
. workinq day

" comrnunication

Rernernber, Candidate B, you have abcut 2 rninutes to tetl us what you think, and
thire are some ideas on the card for you to use if you tike. Att right?

Ilnterlocutor allows canCidate up to I0 seconds, if necessary, to get composed.]

AltriqhtlWoutd you tike to beqin now?
Candidate B [Candidate B drscusses the questian for 2 minutes.]
intertccutor Thank you.

[interlocutor now asks Candidate A one ci the t'ollawing quesfions. j

: What role has techno[oqy ptayed in makrng our vrrorkinq routines rnore fl.exlbls?
., Some people who work from home stay in their pyjanras at[ day. Is this a good or
bad idea ? i

.-. Given the choice, would you rather work from horne or in an office?
Ilnterlocutor invites Candiriate B tc re-jain the discussion with one af the follcwing prcmpts.]
- What do you think?
: Do you aqree?

How about you?

Cenciidates {'fhe discussion lasfs araund I minute.l
Thank you. flnterlocutor retneves cards.]

Intericcutor Now, to finish the test, we're qoing to tatk about work and people in genera{.
o

[lnterlocutor addresses some of the fatlowing questions ta bath candidates.]

: \rYhy do you think employers seern to like cdndidates who are rse[[ travet[ed?
:r What role-do first impressions play in the opinions we forrn of peopie in d!fferer':t
areas of life?
. A tot of peopie tie on their CVs. Why do you think this is? Do you th;nk it is 0K?
: A lot of peopte say that, because of technoloqv, we never reatly leave the office
anyroore. What do they rnean by this?

-. ln scme companies, Vou are aliowed to take as rnany holidays as you urent prc-
videci you rneet your qoats. Do you think this !s a qood poticy?

A lot of peopte who work from home are self-emnloyed. What are the upsides ar:d
dcwnsides to beinq your own boss?
: ln some countries, quotas are used to help improve equality, meaning ernploysrs
have to hire a certain number of candiCates frorn ethnic minorities or each qender,
for exampie. Do you approve of such measures?
ia:r'iidates IUp to 4 minutes is ailoweC for the discussicn.]
Thenk ycu. That is the end of the test.

.".-':.i lf i: =,F -

I
s,