Proof of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

Proof for Parallel Lines

If two lines are parallel, when they are cut by a transversal,
corresponding angles are equal. Conversely, when two lines are
cut by a transversal and corresponding angles are equal, the lines
are parallel.

Using the horizontal axis as a transversal of two lines and drawing

two right-angled triangles where 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑃𝑌

𝐵𝑋 𝑄𝑌 ℓ ∥ ℓ ⇒ ∠𝐵𝐴𝑋 = ∠𝑄𝑃𝑌 = 𝜃
𝑚ℓ = 𝑚ℓ ⇒ ⎯⎯⎯= ⎯⎯⎯
𝐴𝑋 𝑃𝑌
Through AAS (𝜃, ⊥, 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑃𝑌),
Through SAS (𝐵𝑋 = 𝑄𝑌, ⊥, 𝐴𝑋 = 𝑃𝑌), Δ𝐴𝑋𝐵 ≅ Δ𝑃𝑌𝑄
Δ𝐴𝑋𝐵 ≅ Δ𝑃𝑌𝑄
∴ 𝐵𝑋 = 𝑄𝑌
∴ ∠𝐵𝐴𝑋 = ∠𝑄𝑃𝑌 = 𝜃
𝐵𝑋 𝑄𝑌
∴ℓ ∥ℓ ∴ ⎯⎯⎯= ⎯⎯⎯
𝐴𝑋 𝑃𝑌

∴ 𝑚ℓ = 𝑚ℓ

Proof for Perpendicular Lines

𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝑄
𝑚ℓ = ⎯⎯⎯, 𝑚ℓ = − ⎯⎯⎯
𝑂𝐵 𝑃𝑄

𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝑄
𝑚ℓ × 𝑚ℓ = ⎯⎯⎯× − ⎯⎯⎯, 𝑂𝐵 = 𝑂𝑄
𝑂𝐵 𝑃𝑄

𝐴𝐵 𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝐵
∴ 𝑚ℓ × 𝑚ℓ = ⎯⎯⎯× − ⎯⎯⎯= − ⎯⎯⎯
𝑂𝐵 𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑄

ℓ ⊥ ℓ ⇒ ∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 = 𝛼 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 ℓ × ℓ = −1 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃𝑄

Through AAS (α, ⊥, 𝑂𝑄 = 𝑂𝐵), Through SAS (𝑂𝑄 = 𝑂𝐵, ⊥, 𝑃𝑄 =

Δ𝑂𝑄𝑃 ≅ Δ𝑂𝐵𝐴 𝐴𝐵),
Δ𝑂𝑄𝑃 ≅ Δ𝑂𝐵𝐴
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝐴𝐵
∴ ∠𝑃𝑂𝑄 = ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵
∴ ℓ × ℓ = −1
∴ ∠𝐴𝑂𝑃 = 90°