UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL PUNJAB LAHORE

PATHOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC:
HOW TO PERFORM DIFFERENT TYPE OF BIOPSIES

SUBMITTED BY:
TALHA AKRAM
L1F18PHMD0112

SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Salman Shoukat

SUBMISSION DATE:
14-01-2021

BIOPSY
Biopsy is a medical procedure that involves taking a small sample of body tissue so it can be
examined under a microscope.
A tissue sample can be taken from almost
anywhere on or in your body, including the
skin, organs and other structures.

The term biopsy is often used to refer

to both the act of taking the sample and
the tissue sample itself.

OBJECTIVE OF PERFORMING BIOPSY

A biopsy can be used to investigate abnormalities, which can be:
 Functional – such as kidney or liver problems
 Structural – such as swelling in a particular organ
When the tissue sample is examined under the microscope, abnormal cells may be
identified, which can help to diagnose a specific condition.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOPSIES:

Different types of biopsies include:

1) ASPIRATION BIOPY:
This is also called as fine needle aspiration biopsy. It is done for cases where the
mass has more of liquid contents.
2) BONE BIOPSY:
It is the biopsy of the bone in cases of bone cancer

3) BONE MARROW BIOPSY:

Cancers of the bone marrow can be diagnosed with the help of the bone marrow biopsy
4) CT GUIDED BIOPSY:
A computed tomography is used to guide the biopsy procedure towards the
lesion to be extracted. This is done for lesions of the brain, kidney and the liver.
5) CORE NEEDLE BIOPSY:
This type of biopsy uses a large needle for the collection of the tissue sample.
6) ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY:
This is an endoscopic assisted biopsy where an endoscope is also inserted along
with the biopsy needle in order to guide the needle to the correct site of tissue removal.
7) EXCISION BIOPSY:
This is similar to a surgical biopsy where the entire lesion or lump is removed if
the size or extent is very small. Along with this lesion a part of healthy surrounding
tissue is also removed so as to prevent the recurrence of the lesion.
8) LIQUID BIOPSY:
This is quite a recent advancement in the field of biopsy. This involves collection
of blood and lymph from the site of cancer and then studying it in labs for various tissue
and cancer markers.
9) LAPAROSCOPIC BIOPSY:
This is used for cases of abdomen. It is quite similar to the endoscopic biopsy
wherein an endoscope is inserted along with the biopsy needle through the small
incision made in the abdomen area.
10) NEEDLE BIOPSY:
This is the simplest type of biopsy. A needle is used to carry out the biopsy
procedure.
11) PUNCH BIOPSY:
A sharp circular tool is inserted below the surface of the skin in order to scrape
the lesion. Since the tool creates a blunt punch in the skin surface, the biopsy is known
as a punch biopsy.
12) SURGICAL BIOPSY:
In this procedure, the entire lump/nodule/lesion is removed as a part of the
surgical procedure.
13) SHAVE BIOPSY:
 It is used for skin lesion removal where a sharp tool is used for the same
14) ULTRASOUND GUIDED BIOPSY:
In this procedure, an ultrasound is used to help in the insertion and guide the
biopsy needle towards the lesion to be removed
15) VACCUM ASSISTED BIOPSY:
This procedure makes use of suction in order to evacuate the lesion or its
contents such as in cases of uterine and/or cervical cancers

PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING BIOPSY:

 Any type of biopsy will require only you to cooperate for a few minutes, local
anesthesia may or may not be administered
 Also, conscious sedation may or may not be given depending upon the anxiety
and apprehension of the patent. Once this is given, the patient remains calm and
relaxed throughout the procedure
 A needle is be inserted into the lesion at the site of the disease and the contents
aspirated.
 A surgical blade or a scalpel may also be ued to scrape or remove the lesion
form the surface of the skin.
 Imaging techniques such as a CT, MRI or an ultrasound can also be used to
guide the needle towards the lesion. This will however take a few hours time.
 Patient may be discharged on the same day since the biopsy procedures are
routinely done in the outpatient department areas or in the radiological centers.

COMPLICATIONS & RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH BIOPSY:

 Numbness around the site of biopsy
 Infections
 Uncontrolled bleeding
 Puncture damage to nearby organs
 Bruises and pain in and around the area of biopsy

REFERENCES
1. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/biopsy/#:~:text=A%20biopsy%20is%20a%20medical,skin
%2C%20organs%20and%20other%20structures. Retrieved on 14.1.2021
2. https://medcureindia.com/treatments/cancer/biopsy-at-top-hospital-from-best-surgeons-
at-low-cost Retrieved on 14.1.2021