Human & Environment

CLIMATE CHANGE AND

ADAPTION
Dr. NGUYEN Xuan Minh Ai
Dept. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
aixmn.hcmus@gmail.com
 Video: The greenhouse effect explain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fYqdKiT0Eqo

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 GREENHOUSE EFFECT

https://myassignmenthelpdesk.com/blog/advantages-of-the-greenhouse-effect-and-disadvantages/
https://socratic.org/questions/how-is-the-greenhouse-effect-related-to-global-warming
 78% 0.03%

21%

https://www.bioexplorer.net/greenhouse-gases.html/

https://static.secure.website/wscfus/8025341/uploads/molecules.gif
https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-07/models-observed-
human-natural.png
 GASES
GREENHOUSE

(from 1750)
Industrial
Revolution

https://nca2009.globalchange.gov/2000-years-greenhouse-gas-concentrations/index.html
fossil fuel combustion and cement production https://www.seia.org/initiatives/climate-change
https://www.cgdev.org/page/infographics-why-forests-why-now
Montreal Protocol 1987
 VEGETATION AND ALBEDO CHANGE

Tall rainforest: 9% Pine forest: 12.3% Town: 17%

Agricultural grassland: 24% Desert: 37.3 %

IS THE CLIMATE WARMING? YES

0.80C
https://www.intelligentliving.co/ocean-acidification-more-harmful-than-previously-thought/
 melting-arctic-sea-ice/
change-underway-the-message-from-
news.net/2018/04/27/global-climate-
https://nuclear-

10 times higher
SEA LEVEL RISE

https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-
maps/indicators/ocean-heat-content-
1/assessment

https://www.nrdc.org/experts/rhea-
suh/inaction-climate-change-will-leave-us-
lost-sea
 OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

8.19

30% 7.8
8.05

The sea butterfly

(Limacina
helicina), thin
outer shell made
transparent by
increased acidity
in oceans.

https://www.britannica.com/science/oce
an-acidification
 EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

https://blog.ucsusa.org/brenda-ekwurzel/extreme-weather-and-climate-change
 POTENTIAL EFFECTS
OF CLIMATE CHANGE

https://www.globalchange.gov/browse/multimedia/potential-effects-climate-change
LIFE TIME OF GREENHOUSE GASES

https://www.slideshare.net/anamikabanerjee92/greenhouse-gases-and-their-effect
https://www.ipcc.ch/ 5 reports
1990, 1994, 2001, 2007, 2014, 2021

4 projects
RCP 8.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 4.5, RCP 2.0
 20
http://cantho.gov.vn/wps/wcm/connect/sotnmt/sub+site/sitemenu/4+linhvucquanly/khituongthuyvan/infographic+nuoc+bien+dang+o+vn
 REDUCING THE IMPACTS

1. Capture or sequester carbon emissions.

2. Reduce global warming or its effects through geoengineering.
3. Enhance natural carbon sinks.
4. Convert to carbon-free and renewable energy technologies.
5. Conserve energy and use it more efficiently.
6. Adapt to climate change.
 § Carbon capture and
sequestration
§ Air capture
§ Fertilizing the ocean
§ Solar radiation
management
§ Earth's surface
albedo

Controversial
techniques → needs
further research
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo469/node/179
REDUCING THE IMPACTS “MOTHER” NATURE

Conservation International (CI) → harness NATURE itself

REDD+: Reducing Emissions (Deforestation, Forest Degradation) +

Conservation, sustainable management and enhancement of forest carbon
stocks
Ecosystem-based adaption: management of ecosystems + their
services
Climate policy: global climate agreement emission reduction
targets, framework and financing for mitigation and adaption

Climate-friendly land used: enhance carbon stores (land-above and

below ground) → adoption of agricultural practices

Blue carbon: carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-40773-9_7