M@I@A@D XNM@U@BL@B CIUOLNB

 B`m` ;
Nvo _`bto Xurw`bto
Olb`to` Xurw`bo
Aoaos Icm`ro`d
Murbo Unto`w`to
Z`rwoa`d
 

I@Z@ XNBL@BZ@V

Unl`a` puko j`b syuiur ind`jor`t Zud`b _`bl M`d` Iu`s` y`bl tna`d

mnaomp`di`b r`dm`t snrt` doj`y`d-By` sndobll` pnbuaos j`p`t mnbynans`oi`b m`i`a`d

obo y`bl fnrkujua ”M`i`a`d Xnm`s`bl`b Cisolnb” jnbl`b pnbud inmuj`d`b j`b
mnbynans`oi`bby` jnbl`b f`oi. Ud`a`w`t snrt` s`a`m snmcl` sna`au tnraomp`d eur`di`b
inp`j` f`lobj` tnreobt` y`ibo B`fo Mud`mm`j U@\. 
^e`p`b tnrom`i`sod t`i aup` pnbuaos ue`pi`b inp`j` snmu` pod`i y`bl tna`d
mnmf`btu mnbynans`oi`b m`i`a`d obo, f`oi j`ro snlo m`tnro,
m`tn ro, tnb`l` m`upub jc`. Xnbuaos
mnby`j`ro f`dw` j`a`m pnbuaos`b m`i`a`d obo tnbtuby` m`sod f`by`i
f`b y`i iniur`bl`b. M`i`
j`ro otu, s`r`b j`b irotoi y`bl fnrsog`t mnmf`blub s`bl`t i`mo d`r`pi`b j`ro pnmf`e`
sni`ao`b. I`mo fnrd`r`p snmcl` m`i`a`d obo j`p`t fnrm`bg``t f`lo so`p` s`k` y`bl

mnmf`e`by`.

F`bjubl, Bcvnmfnr 680?

Xnbuaos 

oo
 

F@F O 
XNBJ@D^A^@B

@.  A@Z@V FNA@I@BL 

Cisolnb mnrup`i`b ubsur y`bl p`aobl jofutudi`b f`lo indojup`b m`buso`. Zoj`i
m`i`b `t`u toj`i mobum mubliob m`sod `i`b mnmfnroi`b tcanr`bso y`bl euiup
 p`bk`bl dobl` s`mp`o p`j` in`j``b g`t`a, tnt`po snfnbt`r s`k` m`buso` toj`i
mnbj`p`ti`b cisolb m`i` `i`b a`blsubl
a`blsubl g`t`a `iof`tby`.Zoj`i d`by` ubtui fnrb`g`s
j`b mnmpnrt`d`bi`b indojup`b, cisolnb kul` s`bl`t jofutudi`b ubtui mt`fcaosmn
tufud. Cisolnb kul` fo`s jok`joi`b s`r`b` ubtui mnbl`t`so fnrf`l`o m`e`m pnby`iot.
Cisolnb o`a`d s`a`d s`tu icmpcbnb l`s y`bl ubsurn vot`a j`a`m prcsns
mnt`fcaosm tufud, ubtui mnmpnrt`d`bi`b ina`blsubl`b dojup snaurud sna tufud.

Une`r` bcrm`a nanmnb obo jopnrcand jnbl`b e`r` mnbldorup uj`r` ru`bl`b j`a`m
snto`p i`ao fnrb`g`s. Xnby`mp`o`b C6 in k`robl`b tufud jotnbtui`b cand obtnr`iso
sostnm rnspor`so,i`rjocv`siuanr,j`b in`j``b dnm`tcaclos.

F.  V^M^U@B M@U@A@D 

0.  @p` pnblnrto`b pnmfnro`b cisolnb3
6.  @p` tuku`b pnmfnro`b cisolnb3
5.  @p` objoi`so pnmfnro`b cisolnb3
:.  @p` icbtr` objoi`so pnmfnro`b cisolnb3

>.  @p` s`k` y`bl pnrau jopnrd`toi`b j`a`m pnfnro`b cisolnb3

7.  F`l`om`b` pnmfnro`b cisolnb mna`auo b`s`a i`bua`3
<.  F`l`om`b` pnmfnro`b cisolnb mna`auo m`sinr cisolnb3

E.  Zuku`b 
0.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnblnrto `p` pnblnrto`b pnmfnro`b cisolnb.
6.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnblnt`duo tuku`b pnmfnro`b cisolnb.
5.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnblnt`duo objoi`so pnmfnro`b cisolnb.
:.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnblnt`duo icbtr` objoi`so pnmfnro`b cisolnb.

0
 

>.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnblnt`duo `p` s`k` y`bl pnrau jopnrd`toi`b j`a`m pnfnro`b
cisolnb.
7.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnmpr`itoi`b f`l`om`b` e`r` pnmfnro`b cisolnb mna`auo b`s`a

i`bua`.
<.  M`d`sosw` j`p`t mnmpr`itoi`b f`l`om`b` e`r` pnmfnro`b cisolnb mna`auo
m`sinr cisolnb.
 

F@F OO 
XNMF@D@U@B

@. Xnblnrto`b  
Xnmfnro`b cisolnb in j`a`m p`ru-p`ru mna`auo s`aur`b pnrb`p`s`b jnbl`b
mnbllub`i`b `a`t f`btu j`b cisolnb. Xnmfnro`b cisolnb p`j` iaonb j`p`t mna`auo
i`bua` b`s`a j`b m`sinr cisolnb. (Uup`rmo, 6884;77).

F. Zuku`b ^mum 
0.  Mnbobli`ti`b nisp`bso j`j`
6.  Mnmpnrf`oio st`tus cisolnb`so iaonb j`b mnmnbudo iniur`bl`b cisolnb
5.  Mnmf`btu ina`be`r`b mnt`fcaosmn

:.  Mnbenl`d dopciso`

>.  Mnburubi`b inrk` k`btubl
7.  Mnburubi`b inrk` p`ru - p`ru p`j` iaonb jnbl`b jyspbn`
<.  Mnbobli`ti`b r`s` by`m`b j`b ngosonbso grniunbso b`p`s p`j` pnby`iot p`ru
(@ry`bo, 688?;>5)

E. OBJOI@UO  
Ngnitog jofnroi`b p`j` iaonb y`bl mnbl`a`mo ;
0.  L`l`a b`g`s Intoj`im`mpu`b tufud j`a`m mnmpnrt`d`bi`b tni`b`b p`rso`a

bcrm`a C6 j`b EC6  jo j`a`m j`r`d, josnf`fi`b cand l`bllu`b pnrtui`r`b

C6 j`b EC6 sndobll` sostnm pnrb`p`s`b toj`i m`mpu mnmnbudo mnt`fcaosmn
tufud.
6.  L`bllu`b k`btubl (l`l`a k`btubl) Intoj`im`mpu`b
Into j`im`mpu`b k`btubl ubtui mnmcmp`
j`r`d j`a`m kuma`d y`bl euiup ubtui mnmnbudo infutud`b k`robl`b tnrd`j`p
butronb j`b cisolnb.
5.  Inaumpud`b `a`t pnrb`g`s`b Uu`tu in`j``b jom`b` tnrk`jo inaumpud`b p`j`
`a`t pnrb`p`s`b ubtui mnmnbudo infutud`b cisolnb i`rnb` indoa`bl`b

5
 

inm`mpu`b vnbtoa`so sne`r` `jniu`t sndobll` tnrk`jo inl`l`a`b pnrtui`r`b l`s

C6 j`b EC6.
:.  Xnruf`d`b pca` b`p`s.Dopciso` (iniur`bl`b cisolnb j`a`m k`robl`b),
k`rob l`b), jyspbn`

(insuaot`b fnrb`p`s, mos`a p`j` p`sonb `sm`),so`bcsos (pnruf`d`b w`rb`

mnbk`jo inforu-foru`b p`j` pnrmui``b iuaot i`rnb` iniur`bl`b cisolnb),
`pbn` (toj`i fnrb`p`s/ fnrdnbto fnrb`p`s), fr`jopbn` (pnrb`p`s`b anfod a`mf`t
j`ro bcrm`a jnbl`b grniunbso iur`bl j`ro 07x/mnbot), t`iopbn` (pnrb`p`s`b
anfod enp`t j`ro bcrm`a jnbl`b grniunbso anfod j`ro 6:x/mnbot
(Z`rwctc&\`rtcb`d, 6808;5>)
>.  In`j``b l`w`t (mos`aby`;icm`) X`j` in`j``b l`w`t, mos`a p`j` p`sonb
p`son b icm`
toj`i j`p`t mnmpnrt`d`bi`b snbjoro k`a`b b`p`s y`bl `jniu`t sndobll`
mnbl`a`mo pnburub`b cisolnb`so.

7.  Zr`um`X`ru-p`ru snf`l`o `a`t pnb`p`s`b, koi` tnrk`jo fnbtur`b `t`u enjnr`
`i`b mnbl`a`mo l`bllu`b ubtui mna`iui`b
mna`iui`b obspor`so j`b nispor`so.
<.  Mnt`fcaosmn y`bl mnbobli`t;aui` f`i`r X`j` aui` f`i`r, icbsumso cisolnb
cand k`robl`b `i`b mnbobli`t ju` i`ao aop`t snf`l`o `iof`t j`ro in`j``b
dopnrmnt`fcaosmn.
4.  Xcst cpnr`so Untna`d cpnr`so, tufud `i`b indoa`bl`b f`by`i j`r`d j`b
 pnbl`rud j`ro cf`t fous `i`b mnmpnbl`rudo `aor`b j`r`d in snaurud tufud,
sndobll` sna toj`i mnbj`p`t `sup`b
`s up`b cisolnb y`bl euiup.
?.  Inr`eub`b i`rfcb mcbcisoj` Infnr`j``b EC jo j`a`m tufud `i`b s`bl`t

 fnrf`d`y` koi` jodorup i`rnb` `i`b mnbll`btoi`b pcsoso C6 y`bl fnroi`t`b

jnbl`b dnmclacfob j`a`m j`r`d. (@ry`bo, 688?;>5)

J. Icbtr`objoi`so 
Zoj`i `j` icbsnbtr`so p`j` pnmfnro`b tnr`po cisolnb jnbl`b sy`r`t pnmfnro`b
 knbos j`b kuma`d `aor`b y`bl tnp`t. B`mub jnmoi`b,
jnmoi`b, pnrd`toi`b p`j` idusus fnroiut
obo.
0.  X`j` iaonb jnbl`b XXCM (Xnby`iot X`ru Cfstruitog Mnb`dub) y`bl mua`o
 fnrb`g`s spcbt`b m`i` pnm`s`bl`b m`sinr p`rto`a rnfrn`tdobl j`b bcb

:
 

>

rnfrn`tdobl j`p`t mnbomfuai`b t`bj` j`b lnk`a` inr`eub`b cisolnb. D`a obo
joi`rnb`i`b knbos m`sinr rnfrn`tdobl j`b bcb-rnfrn`tdobl j`p`t mnbl`aori`b
cisolnb jnbl`b icbsnbtr`so y`bl tobllo y`otu sniot`r ?8-?>%.

6.  G`en m`si toj`i jo`bkuri`b p`j` iaonb y`bl mnbl`a`mo mubt`d-mubt`d.
5.  Koi` iaonb tnrj`p`t cfstruiso b`s`a m`i` dobj`ro pnm`i`o`b b`s`a i`bua. (@ry`bo,
688?;>5).

N.  D@A-D@A _@BL XNVA^ JOXNVD@ZOI@B 

@j` fnfnr`p` d`a y`bl pnrau jo pnrd`toi`b p`j` s``t pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb
jo`bt`r`by` `j`a`d ;
0.  Xnrd`toi`b kuma`d `or stnroa j`a`m dumojogonr, k`bl`b fnranfod `t`u iur`bl j`ro
 f`t`s. D`a obo pnbtobl ubtui mnbenl`d ininrobl`b mnmfr`b muics` j`b

mnmf`btu ubtui mnblnbenri`b snirnt jo s`aur`b pnrb`g`s`b iaonb

6.  X`j` fnfnr`p` i`sus snpnrto f`yo prnm`turn, iaonb jnbl`b pnby`iot `iut, iaonb
jnbl`b in`j``b y`bl toj`i st`foa `t`u iaonb pcst cpnr`so, pnr`w`t d`rus
mnblcfsnrv`so anfod snrobl tnrd`j`p rnspcb iaonb sna`m` pnmfnro`b tnr`po
cisolnb
5.  X`j` fnfnr`p` iaonb,
iaonb, pnm`s`bl`b m`sinr `i`b mnmfnroi`b toj`i by`m`b
by`m`b
i`rnb` mnr`s` ‑tnrpnr`bli`t”. V`s` tnrsnfut j`p`t jo mobom`aosor koi` pnr`w`t
j`p`t mny`iobi`b iaonb `i`b pnbtoblby` pnm`i`o`b m`sinr tnrsnfut.
:.  X`j` iaonb jnbl`b m`s`a`d gnfros j`b jo`gcrnsos,
jo`gcrnsos , m`i` pnr`w`t pnrau mna`iui`b

 pnr`w`t`b iuaot j`b muaut sne`r` nxtr` i`rnb` pnm`s`bl`b m`sinr tnrsnfut j`p`t
j`p`t
mnbynf`fi`b ngni ininrobl`b jo sniot`r `rn` tnrsnfut.
>.  Koi` tnrj`p`t aui` anent p`j` f`lo`b tnaobl` iaonb i`rnb` pnm`s`bl`b oi`t`b t`ao
b`s`a i`bua j`b m`sinr. M`i` pnr`w`t j`p`t mnm`i`oi`b i`ss` fnruiur`b
:x:em jo `rn` tnmp`t pnbni`b`b tnrsnfut.
7.  @i`b anfod f`oi koi` pnr`w`t mnbynjo`i`b `a`t suetocb jo s`mpobl iaonb jnbl`b
tnr`po cisolnb
<.  X`j` iaonb jnbl`b uso` `b`i-`b`i, fo`ri`b `b`i fnrm`ob-m`ob tnranfod j`duau
jnbl`b ecbtcd m`sinr.

>
 

4.  Koi` tnr`po cisolnb toj`i jop`i`o a`lo, pcsosoi`b gacw mntnr j`a`m pcsoso CGG
?.  X`s`bla`d t`bj` ; ‑joa`r`bl mnrcici ; `j` pnm`i`o`b cisolnb” jo pobtu i `m`r
`m`r
iaonb, jo f`lo`b i`io `t`u inp`a` tnmp`t tojur, j`b jo jni`t t`fubl cisolnb.

Obstrusoi`b inp`j` iaonb j`b pnblubkubl `i`b f`d`y` mnrcici jo `rn`

 pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb y`bl j`p`t mnbynf`fi`b
mnbynf`fi`b inf`i`r`b. (@ry`bo, 688?;>5)

G.  XNMFNVO@B CIUOLNB MNA@A^O B@U@A I@B^A@ 

0.  Xnblnrto`b
Xnmfnro`b cisolnb p`j` iaonb y`bl mnmnraui`b cisolnb sne`r` icbtobyu
jnbl`b inenp`t`b `aor`b 0-7 aotnr/mnbot snrt` icbsnbtr`so 68-:8%, jnbl`b e`r`
mnm`sui`b sna`bl y`bl tnrfu`t j`ro pa`stoi in
i n j`a`m dojubl j`b mnbl`oti`bby`
jo fna`i`bl tnaobl`. X`bk`bl sna`bl y`bl jom`sui`b in j`a`m auf`bl jodojubl

d`by` fnrios`r 8,7  ―   0,5 em. Xnm`s`bl`b b`s`a i`bua` mnrup`i`b e`r` y`bl
 p`aobl muj`d, snjnrd`b`, mur`d, rna`tog by`m`b, muj`d jolub`i`b ececi ubtui
snl`a` umur, ececi ubtui pnm`s`bl`b k`bli` pnbjni j`b k`bli` p`bk`bl, j`b
ngnitog j`a`m mnbloromi`b cisolnb. Xnm`i`o`b b`s`a i`bua kul`
kul` toj`i
mnbll`bllu iaonb ubtui mna`iui`b
mna`iui`b `itovot`s, snpnrto fnrfoe`r` `t`u m`i
m`i`b.
`b.
(@ry`bo, 688?;>:)

6.  Zuku`b
Zuku`b pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb `j`a`d ;

`.  Mnmfnroi`b cisolnb jnbl`b icbsnbtr`so rna`tog rnbj`d s``t infutud`b

cisolnb mobom`a
 f.  Mnmfnroi`b cisolnb y`bl toj`i tnrputus s``t iaonb m`i`b `t`u mobum.
(@ry`bo, 688?;>:)

5.  Objoi`so 
Iaonb y`bl fnrb`p`s spcbt`b tnt`po mnmfutudi`b `a`t f`btu b`s`a i`bua`
ubtui mnmnbudo infutud`b cisolnb (in`j``b sns`i `t`u toj`i sns`i). (Uup`rmo,
6884;7<)

7
 

<

:.  Xrobsop 
Xrobsop j`a`m pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb `j`a`d ;
`.   B`s`a i`bua` ubtui mnbl`aori`b cisolnb jnbl`b `aor`b robl`b `t`u rnbj`d,

 fo`s`by` d`by` 6-5 A/mnbot.

 f.  Mnmfutudi`b pnrb`p`s`b dojubl.
e.  Zoj`i j`p`t mnbl`aori`b cisolnb jnbl`b icbsnbtr`so 2:8 %. (Uup`rmo,
6884;7<)

>.  Xrcsnjur Inrk` 

Fnroiut `j`a`d prcsnjur pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb
`.  Kna`si`b prcsnjur y`bl `i`b joa`iui`b.
 f.  Eueo t`bl`b.

e.  @tur `aor`b cisolnb snsu`o jnbl`b inenp`t`b y`bl jofutudi`b, fo`s`by`
0-7 A/mbt. Inmujo`b cfsnrv`so dumojogonr p`j` t`fubl jnbl`b `j`by`
lnanmfubl `or.
j.  X`s`bl i`bua` b`s`a p`j` dojubl j`b `tur pnbloi`t ubtui inby`m`b`b
 p`sonb.
n.  Xnrois` i`bua` to`p 7-4 k`m
g. I`ko eupobl, snptum, j`b muics` dojubl snrt` pnrois` inenp`t`b `aor`b
cisolnb to`p 7-4 k`m.
l.  E`t`t inenp`t`b `aor`b cisolnb rutn pnmfnro`b j`b rnspcb iaonb.

d.  Eueo t`bl`b sntna`d prcsjur y`bl joa`iui`b

L. XNMFNVO@B CIUOLNB MNA@A^O M@UINV CIUOLNB  

0.  Xnblnrto`b  
Xnmfnro`b cisolnb inp`j` iaonb jnbl`b mnbllub`i`b m`sinr y`bl jo`aoro
cisolnb jnbl`b pcsoso mnbutupo dojubl j`b muaut iaonb. M`sinr cisolnb
umumby` fnrw`rb` fnbobl j`b mnmpuby`o t`ao sndobll` j`p`t mnbloi`t iu`t
mnblnaoaoblo w`k`d iaonb. Fnbtui j`ro g`en m`si fnrm`e`m-m`e`m. Xnrfnj``b

<
 

`bt`r` rnfrn`tdobl j`b bcb-rnfrn`tdobl m`si tnrant`i p`j` `j`by` vuavn y`bl
mnbenl`d uj`r` nispor`so tnrobd`a`so inmf`ao. (@ry`bo, 688?;>:)

6.  Zuku`b 
Mnmfnroi`b t`mf`d`b cisolnb jnbl`b i`j`r snj`bl jnbl`b icbsnbtr`so j`b
inanmf`f`b y`bl anfod tobllo jof`bjobli`b jnbl`b i`bua. (Uup`rmo, 6884;74).

5.  Xrobsop 
Mnbl`aori`b cisolnb tobli`t snj`bl j`ro dojubl in muaut, jnbl`b `aor`b >-7
aotnr/mnbot jnbl`b icbsnbtr`so :8 ― 
:8 ―  78%.
 78%. (Uup`rmo, 6884;74)

:.  Xrcsnjur Inrk` 

Fnroiut `j`a`d prcsnjur inrk` pnm`s`bl`b cisolnb mna`auo m`sinr cisolnb ;

`.  Kna`si`b prcsnjur y`bl `i`b joa`iui`b.
 f.  Eueo t`bl`b.
e.  @tur pcsoso jnbl`b snmu-gcwanr.
j.  @tur `aor`b cisolnb snsu`o jnbl`b inenp`t`b y`bl jofutudi`b, fo`s`by` 7-
08 A/mbt. Inmujo`b
Inmujo`b cfsnrv`so dumojogonr p`j` t`fubl `or jnbl`b `j`by`
lnanmfubl.
n.  Znmp`ti`b m`sinr cisolnb jo `t`s muaut j`b dojubl p`sonb j`b `tur
 pnbloi`t ubtui inby`m`b`b p`sonb.

g.  Xnrois` inenp`t`b to`p 7-4 k`m, e`t`t inenp`t`b `aor`b cisolnb, rutn
 pnmfnro`b , j`b rnspcb iaonb.
l.  Eueo t`bl`b sntna`d prcsnjur joa`iui`b.

4
 

F@F OOO 
INUOMX^A@B  

Xnmfnro`b cisolnb `j`a`d su`tu t`t` e`r`

e` r` pnmfnro`b cisolnb p`j` pnbjnrot` y`bl
mnbl`a`mo l`bllu`b pnrb`p`s`b in j`a`m p`ru-p`ru mna`auo s`aur`b pnrb`p`s`b jnbl`b
mnbllub`i`b `a`t f`btu cisolnb. Xnmfnro`b cisolnb jolub`i`b p`j` p`sonb y`bl
mnbl`a`mo tr`um` p`ru , `bciso` `t`u dopciso`.Xnmfnro`b cisolnb fnrtuku`b ubtui
mnmnbudo p`sonb y`bl iniur`bl`b cisolnb.

?
 

J@GZ@V X^UZ@I@

Doj`y`t,@. @zoz@aomua j`b Musrog`tua uaoy`d. 688>. Infutud`b J`s`r m`buso`.

Fuiu injcitnr`b
dttps;//`rbot`08.wcrjprnss.ecm/6805/00/06/pnm`s`bl`b-cisolnb/80
dttps;//`rbot`08.wcrjprnss.ecm/6805/00/06/pnm`s`bl`b-cisolnb/80 @proa 6807. Jo`isns
 p`j` 87 Bcvnmfnr 680?.
680?.
dttp;//iommymcccw.faclspct.ec.oj/6805/8:/m`i`a`d-pnmfnro`b-cisolnb-ijpi.dtma/80
@proa 6807. 
6807. 

08