Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

JONATHAN W. GANTANG
TEACHER III

JANE P. VALENCIA, EdD

Topic: Representing Real-life Situations Using Rational Functions
Learning Competency: Represents real-life situations using rational functions.
Subtask: Solve real life problems involving rational functions.

Oh! It seems you have

a problem ?

Yes Lola Poly! I got a very low

score in our quiz in General
Mathematics this morning.
I only got two points
out of ten.

It’s really a low score.

What is the topic of
the lesson?

It’s all about ,

representing real-life
situations using rational
expressions
Okay, get your notebook and
I’ll teach you how. Let us
start by recalling the
definition of a polynomial
function

DEFINITION
A polynomial function P of degree n is a function than can be written in the form
P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + ….. + a1x + a0
Where a0, a1,…..an ∈ R, an ≠ 0, and n is a positive integer. Each added of the sum is a
term of the polynomial function. The constants a 0, a1,a2….an are the coefficients. The
leading coefficient is an. The leading term is anxn and the constant term is a0.

DEFINITION

𝑃(𝑥)
A rational function is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑄(𝑥) where P(x) and Q(x) are

polynomial functions and Q(x) is not the zero function (i.e. Q(X) ≠ 0). The domain of
f(x) is the set of all values of x where Q(x) ≠ 0.
 EXAMPLE 1

An object is to travel a distance of 10 meters. Express velocity ( V ) as a function

of travel time ( t ) in seconds.

SOLUTION
The following table of values shows
10
V for various value of t. The function 𝑉 𝑡 = 𝑡

V( meters per can represent V as

t (seconds)
second)
a function of t.
1 10
2 5
4 2.5
5 2
10 1

EXAMPLE 2
5𝑡
Suppose that 𝑐 𝑡 = (in mg/mL) represents the concentration of a drug in a
𝑡 2 +1
patient’s bloodstream , t hours after the drug was administered.
Construct a table of values for c(t) for t =1, 2,5,10. Round off answer to three
decimal places. Use a table to sketch a graph and interpret the result

SOLUTION

t 0 1 2 5 10
c( t ) 0.000 2.500 2.000 0.962 0.495

y= c( t )
The graph indicates that the 3.000
maximum drug 2.500
concentration occurs around
1 hour after the drug was 2.000
administered. After 1 hour,
1.500
the graph suggests that
drug concentration 1.000
decreases until it is
almost zero. 0.500

0.000 x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
 I think you are now ready
to answer these
activities.

Solve the problem below

1. The budget of a university organization is split evenly among its various committee. If
they have a budget of Php 60 000.
a. Construct a function M(n) which would give the amount of money each of the n
number of committee would receive.
b. If the organization has eight committees, how much would each committee have?

Here are some exercises

to help find out if you
really understand the
lesson

Solve the problems below.

1. A fence is to enclose a rectangular farm with an area of 400 square meters. If x is the
length of one side of this fence, find a function P(x) representing the perimeter of the
fencing material required. Find the perimeter of the fence if one side has a length of
(a) 10 meters, (b) 50 metes
2. The distance from Pampanga to Baguio is around 190 kilometers
a. How long will it take you to get to Baguio if your average speed is 30 kilometers per
hour? 40 kilometers per hour? 55 kilometers per hour?
b. Construct a function (s) where s is the speed of travel, that describes the time it takes
to drive from Pampanga to Baguio

Let us have
more!

Suppose the amount of bacteria growing in a petri dish is represented by the function

50𝑡
𝑏 𝑡 = 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 20
𝑡+1

Where t is in hours and b(t) is in millions. Evaluate the function at t=1,2,5,10,15,20.

Interpret the obtained values.
 For your reference, always
remember the following and please
also read the following books.

• A polynomial function P of degree n is a function than can be written in the form

P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + ….. + a1x + a0

Where a0, a1,…..an ∈ R, an ≠ 0, and n is a positive integer. Each added of the sum is
a term of the polynomial function. The constants a0, a1,a2….an are the coefficients.
The leading coefficient is an. The leading term is anxn and the constant term is a0.

𝑃(𝑥)
• A rational function is a function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑄(𝑥) where P(x) and Q(x) are
polynomial functions and Q(x) is not the zero function (i.e. Q(X) ≠ 0). The domain
of f(x) is the set of all values of x where Q(x) ≠ 0.

REFERENCES
• General Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 21-23
• General Mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce pages 71-85
• https://www.123rf.com/stockphoto/ombre_background.html?sti=m2cqb5qed4ct
olts0o|&mediapopup=108833412
• https://www.123rf.com/photo_96117272_stock-vector-opposite-words-for-happy-
and-sad-illustration.html
• https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/597008494322822566/

You’re welcome!
Thank you Lola Poly! If you need help,
Now, I understand the just call your
lesson better. Lola Poly
You’re the best
Lola!

ACTIVITY CARD ASSESSMENT CARD ENRICHMENT CARD

2𝑥 2 +800
𝑃ℎ𝑝 60 000 1. 𝑃 𝑥 = 25, 33.33, 41.67, 45.45,
a. 𝑀 𝑛 = 𝑥
𝑛
a. 100m 46.88, 47.62
b. 𝑀 𝑛 =
𝑃ℎ𝑝 60 000 b. 116m
𝑛 2. a. 190km/30kph = The population
𝑃ℎ𝑝 60 000 6.33 hrs. increases but does
𝑀 8 = 8 190km/40kph =
4.75 hrs not exceed 48 million
𝑀 8 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 7 500
190km/55kph =
3.45hrs
b. t(s)=190/s