16.seismic Design 1

S. K.
Ghosh Associates LLC

International Code Council (ICC)
Seismic Design Provisions of

BNBC-2020: Part 1
Date: 25 May 2021
Dr. S. K. Ghosh
President, S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
URP S-09 Training

Module S5
Earthquakes and Their

Effects on Structures
Date: 06 APR 2021
Dr. S. K. Ghosh
President, S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
URP S-09 Training

Module G4
www.skghoshassociates.com
1
S. K. Ghosh Associates LLC
Inertia Force
Inertia Force
u
Roof
Column
Foundation
Soil
Acceleration
Inertiaforceandrelativemotionwithinabuilding
Inertia Force
m m
Ͳmüg(t)
=
üg(t) FIXEDBASE
2
Inertia Force
In some circumstances, dynamic amplification (due to near-
resonance) can increase the building acceleration to a value
two or more times that of the ground acceleration at the
base.
Generally, buildings with higher natural frequencies or short
natural periods tend to suffer higher accelerations but
smaller displacements.
In the case of buildings with lower natural frequencies or
long natural periods, this is reversed and the buildings
experience lower accelerations but larger displacements.
Load Paths
Seismic forces
concentrated at Compression Tension
roof and floor chord chord
diaphragms
Response of
Diaphragm shear forces at each end
Concrete
of diaphragm are transferred to the
collector beam and the shear wall Buildings to
Seismic
Forces
Collector beam accumulates diaphragm
shear and transfers it to the end of the
shear wall
Bending moment
Tension Compression Seismic forces tend to push the shear wall
over causing an overturning moment
The overturning moment causes Shear force
tension and compression boundary
forces in the shear wall Passive pressure
Shear forces are transferred to the earth by friction

Friction on the bottom of footings and by passive pressure
on the sides of footings
Forces from gravity loads and seismic overturning

forces are transferred to the earth by vertical
contact pressures beneath the footing
Variable foundation
contact pressure
3
Load Paths
From point of load application or origin

down to soil underlying foundation:
Preferably,
x Direct (simple configuration)
x Multiple (redundancy)
Idealized Force-Displacement
Elastic
Fu
Elastic Inelastic
Fe
'e 'u
Lateral Displacement
4
ASCE 7- 05
10
5
Important Reference to ASCE 7-02

2.5.7EquivalentStaticAnalysis
2.5.7.1Designbaseshear
Alternatively,forbuildingswithnaturalperiodlessthanorequalto2.0sec.,theseismic
designbaseshearcanbecalculatedusingASCE7Ͳ02withseismicdesignparametersas
giveninAppendixC.However,theminimumvalueofܵܽ shouldnotbelessthan0.044
SDSI.ThevaluesofSDS areprovidedinTable6.C.4AppendixC.
Seismic Design Provisions

BNBC-2020
Part 6, Chapter 2, Loads on Buildings and Structures
Section 2.5, Earthquake Loads
Section 2.7, Combinations of Loads
Appendix C, Seismic Design Parameters for Alternative Method
of Base Shear Calculation
Chapters 11-23 0f ASCE 7-05 onwards

Section 1613 of 2006 IBC onwards
6
Detailing Rules in BNBC-2020
Part 6, Chapter 8, Detailing of Reinforcement in

Concrete Structures
Section 8.3, Earthquake-Resistant Design
Provisions
2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

Basic Concepts
2.5.2.1 General principles
The purpose of earthquake resistant design provisions in this

Code is to provide guidelines for the design and construction of
new structures subject to earthquake ground motions in order to
minimize the risk to life for all structures, to increase the expected
performance of higher occupancy structures as compared to
ordinary structures, and to improve the capability of essential
structures to function after an earthquake. It is not economically
feasible to design and construct buildings without any damage for
a major earthquake event. The intent is therefore to allow inelastic
deformation and structural damage at preferred locations in the
structure without endangering structural integrity and to prevent
structural collapse during a major earthquake.
7

Basic Concepts
2.5.2.2 Characteristics of Earthquake Resistant Buildings
The desirable characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings are

described below:
Structural Simplicity, Uniformity and Symmetry:
Structural simplicity, uniformity and plan symmetry is characterized by an

even distribution of mass and structural elements which allows short and
direct transmission of the inertia forces created in the distributed masses
of the building to its foundation. A building configuration with symmetrical
layout of structural elements of the lateral force resisting system, and
well-distributed in-plan, is desirable. Uniformity along the height of the
building is also important, since it tends to eliminate the occurrence of
sensitive zones where concentrations of stress or large ductility demands
might cause premature collapse.

Basic Concepts
Some basic guidelines are given below:
(i) With respect to the lateral stiffness and mass distribution, the
building structure shall be approximately symmetrical in plan
with respect to two orthogonal axes.
(ii) Both the lateral stiffness and the mass of the individual
storeys shall remain constant or reduce gradually, without
abrupt changes, from the base to the top of a particular building.
(iii) All structural elements of the lateral load resisting systems,
such as cores, structural walls, or frames shall run without
interruption from the foundations to the top of the building.
8

Basic Concepts
Some basic guidelines are given below:
(iv) An irregular building may be subdivided into dynamically
independent regular units well separated against pounding of
the individual units to achieve uniformity.
(v) The length to breadth ratio ( = ݉ܽ‫ݔ‬/ ݉݅݊) of the building in
plan shall not be higher than 4, where ݉ܽ‫ ݔ‬and ݉݅݊ are
respectively the larger and smaller in plan dimension of the
building, measured in orthogonal directions.
PART 1
SEISMIC INPUT PARAMETERS
9
ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020
2.5.4 Earthquake Ground Motion

Appendix C Seismic Design Parameters for Alternative
Method of Base Shear Calculation
Appendix C is closer to ASCE 7-05 than 2.5.4
Both use seismic zones and the same Seismic Zone
Map (Fig. 6.2.24)
Both approaches yield the same design base shear.
ASCE 7-05 Figure 11.4-1:

Design Response Spectrum
10
BNBC-2020 Fig. 6.2.25: MCE Response

Spectrum

ASCE BNBC-
7-05 2020
T0 TB
TS TC
TL TD
11
Design Ground Motion (ASCE 7-05)

SS = mapped (MCE) spectral response acceleration at
short periods for Site Class B
S1 = mapped (MCE) spectral response acceleration at 1.0-
second period for Site Class B
ASCE 7-05 Figs. 22-1 through 22-14/ 2006 IBC Figs.
1613.5(1) through 1613.5(14) give contour maps for SS
and S1, based on the 2002 edition of USGS seismic
hazard maps
SS and S1 also available at http://eqhazmaps.usgs.gov
12
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

and S1 for Different Seismic Zones
Parameters ZoneͲ1 ZoneͲ2 ZoneͲ3 ZoneͲ4
SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
S1 = 0.4SS, not independent of SS, as in ASCE 7-05

S1 = MCE-level PGA = Z, Seismic Zone Coefficient
Table 6.2.15: Seismic Zone Coefficient Z for

Some Important Towns of Bangladesh
13
ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion
Site Class (Soil Type) Definitions (ASCE 7-05 Table 20.3-1,

BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.13)
• Class A: Hard rock SA in BNBC “Benchmark” Soil Type in BNBC-
2020
• Class B: Rock SB in BNBC “Benchmark” Site Class in ASCE 7-05
• Class C: Very dense soil and soft rock SC in BNBC
• Class D: Stiff soil SD in BNBC
• Class E: Soft soil SE in BNBC
• Class F: Soils requiring site-specific evaluations S1, S2 in BNBC
2006 IBC 1613.5.2 “Default” Site Class
Site Class D must be used when the soil properties

are not known in sufficient detail, unless the building
official determines that Site Class E or F is likely to
be present at the site.
Have not found equivalent statement in BNBC-2020.
14
ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1 Values of Site

Coefficient Faa
MappedSpectralResponseAcc.atShortPeriods
SiteClass
SS d 0.25 SS =0.5 SS =0.75 SS =1.00 SS t 1.25
A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0
E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9
F Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb

Coefficient Faa
a. Use straight line interpolation for intermediate
values of mapped spectral acceleration at short
period SS
b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7
15

Coefficient Fva
MappedSpectralResponseAcc.at1ͲSecondPeriod
SiteClass
S1 d 0.1 S1 =0.2 S1 =0.3 S1 =0.4 S1 t 0.5
A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5
E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4
F Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb

Coefficient Fva
a. Use straight line interpolation for intermediate
values of mapped spectral acceleration at 1
second period S1
b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

Section 11.4.7 of ASCE 7
16
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for

Different Seismic Zones and Soil Types
Soil Type Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4
SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
SC 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
SD 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
SE 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
Fa = S, dependent only on Site Class, no

dependence on Zone or intensity of ground
mtion
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for

Soil Type Zone-1 Zone-2 Zone-3 Zone-4 Fv/Fa
SA 1 1 1 1 1
SB 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.25
SC 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.5
SD 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2
SE 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.25
17
Table 6.2.16: Site Dependent Soil Factor

and Other Parameters Defining Elastic
Response Spectrum
ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion
SMS = soil-modified MCE spectral response

acceleration at short periods
= FaSS
SM1 = soil-modified MCE spectral response

acceleration at 1.0-second period
= FvS1
18
ASCE 7-05 Ground Motion
SDS = design spectral response acceleration at

short periods
= (2/3) SMS
SD1 = design spectral response acceleration at 1.0-

second period
= (2/3) SM1
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.4: Parameter ࡰS for


SA 0.2 0.333 0.466 0.6
SB 0.24 0.4 0.56 0.72
SC 0.23 0.383 0.536 0.69
SD 0.27 0.45 0.63 0.81
SE 0.28 0.466 0.653 0.84
19
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.5: Parameter ࡰ૚ for


SA 0.08 0.133 0.186 0.24
SB 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
SC 0.138 0.23 0.322 0.414
SD 0.216 0.36 0.504 0.648
SE 0.14 0.233 0.326 0.42
SD1 = SDS x 0.4 x Fv/Fa
1997 UBC Design Earthquake Ground

Motion
Approximately 90% probability of non-exceedance
in 50 years (approx. 475 yr. return period)
20
Design Basis: ASCE 7-05 vs. UBC
Design to avoid
collapse in the
Maximum Considered
Earthquake, rather
than to provide life
safety in the 500-year
return period
earthquake
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)

• Maximum level of earthquake ground shaking that is
considered reasonable to design buildings to resist
21
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE):

• Maximum Deterministic earthquakes (in coastal
California)- best estimate of ground motion from
maximum-magnitude earthquakes on seismic faults with
high probabilities of occurrence.
ACE 7-05 Ground Motion
Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE)

• 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years
(approximately 2,500-year return period) where
deterministic approach is not used
22

TL Map of Contiguous USA
23

Spectrum
BNBC- ASCE
2020 7-05
TB T0
TC TS
TD TL
Tc = TS = SD1/SDS
TD = 2s, fixed unlike TL
TB (>)T0 = 0.20TS = 0.20TC;
unclear how values were arrived at.

Spectrum
24

Response Spectrum
BNBC Design Response Spectrum
Soil Type ࢀ࡮ (s) ࢀ࡯ (s) ࢀࡰ (s) ASCE 7

SA 0.15 0.40 2.0
TS (TC) = SD1/SDS
SB 0.15 0.50 2.0
SC 0.20 0.60 2.0 T0 (TB) = 0.2TS
SD 0.20 0.80 2.0 TL (TD) given on
SE 0.15 0.50 2.0 map
25
Figure 6.2.26 Normalized MCE

Response Spectra for Different Site
Classes.
26
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

and S1 for Different Seismic Zones
Parameters ZoneͲ1 ZoneͲ2 ZoneͲ3 ZoneͲ4
SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for


SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
SC 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
SD 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35
SE 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
27
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for


SA 1 1 1 1
SB 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
SC 1.725 1.725 1.725 1.725
SD 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7
SE 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.4: Parameter ࡰS for


SA 0.2 0.333 0.466 0.6
SB 0.24 0.4 0.56 0.72
SC 0.23 0.383 0.536 0.69
SD 0.27 0.45 0.63 0.81
SE 0.28 0.466 0.653 0.84
28
BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.5: Parameter ࡰ૚ for


SA 0.08 0.133 0.186 0.24
SB 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36
SC 0.138 0.23 0.322 0.414
SD 0.216 0.36 0.504 0.648
SE 0.14 0.233 0.326 0.42
PART 2
SEISMIC ZONE
VS.
SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
29
UBC Seismic Zones
Table 6.1.1 Building Occupancy

Category
Occupancy
Occupancy
Category
Structures with low hazard to human life in the event of
I
failure
Standard occupancies II
Structures with substantial hazard to human life or economy
III
in the event of failure.
Designated essential facilities; utilities required for essential
facilities; designated aviation-related structures; and IV
structures containing highly toxic materials
SeeBNBCͲ2020Table6.1.1fordetaileddescriptions
30
SDC Based on Short-Period Response

Acceleration – ASCE 7-05
OCCUPANCYCATEGORY
ValuesofSDS
IorII III IV
SDS <0.167 A A A
0.167< SDS <0.33 B B C
0.33< SDS <0.50 C C D
0.50< SDS Da Da Da
No SDC A in Bangladesh
SDC Based on 1-sec Period Response

Acceleration – ASCE 7-05
OCCUPANCYCATEGORY
ValuesofSD1
IorII III IV
SD1 <0.067 A A A
0.067< SD1< 0.133 B B C
0.133< SD1 <0.20 C C D
0.20< SD1 Da Da Da
No SDC A in Bangladesh
31
SDC of IBC
(Note a)
OCCUPANCYCATEGORY
ValueofS1
IorII III IV
S1 t 0.75g E E F
No SDC E, F in Bangladesh
32
SDC of BNBC-2020
Soil OC I, II, and III OC IV

Type Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4
SA B C C D C D D D
SB B C D D C D D D
SC B C D D C D D D
SD C D D D D D D D
SE,S1,
D D D D D D D D
S2
PART 3
BUILDING CONFIGURATION
33
Building Configuration
Horizontal Irregularities (ASCE 7-05 Table 12.3-1)

1a. Torsional irregularity
1b. Extreme torsional irregularity
2. Re-entrant corners
3. Diaphragm discontinuity
4. Out-of-plane offsets
5. Nonparallel systems
2.5.5.3 Building Irregularity

2.5.5.3.1 Plan irregularity: Following are the different types of irregularities that
may exist in the plan of a building.
(i) Torsion irregularity
To be considered for rigid floor diaphragms, when the maximum storey drift (ǻ݉ܽ‫)ݔ‬
as shown in Figure 6.2.27(a), computed including accidental torsion, at one end
of the structure is more than 1.2 times the average [ǻܽ‫(=݃ݒ‬ǻ݉ܽ‫ݔ‬+ǻ݉݅݊)/2] of the
story drifts at the two ends of the structure. If ǻ݉ܽ‫>ݔ‬1.4ǻܽ‫ ݃ݒ‬then the irregularity is
termed as extreme torsional irregularity.
(ii) Re-entrant corners
Both projections of the structure beyond a re-entrant comer [Figure 6.2.27(b)] are
greater than 15 percent of its plan dimension in the given direction.
34
2.5.5.3.1 Plan Irregularity

(iii)DiaphragmDiscontinuity
Diaphragmswithabruptdiscontinuitiesorvariationsinstiffness,includingthosehaving
cutͲout[Figure6.2.27(c)]oropenareasgreaterthan50percentofthegrossenclosed
diaphragmarea,orchangesineffectivediaphragmstiffnessofmorethan50percent
fromonestorytothenext.
(iv) Out- of-Plane Offsets
Discontinuities in a lateral force resistance path, such as out of-plane offsets of

vertical elements, as shown in Figure 6.2.27(d).
(v) Non-parallel Systems
The vertical elements resisting the lateral force are not parallel to or symmetric
[Figure 6.2.27(e)] about the major orthogonal axes of the lateral force resisting
elements.
Vertical Irregularities (ASCE 7-05
Table 12.3-2)
1a. Stiffness irregularity
– soft story
1b. Extreme soft story
2. Weight (mass) irregularity
3. Vertical geometric irregularity
4. In-plane discontinuity in vertical
lateral-force-resisting elements
5a. Discontinuity in lateral strength –
weak story
5b. Extreme weak story
35
2.5.5.3 Building Irregularity

2.5.5.3.2 Vertical Irregularity: Following are different types of irregularities that
may exist along vertical elevations of a building.
(i) Stiffness Irregularity - Soft Storey
A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of that in the
storey above or less than 80% of the average lateral stiffness of the three storeys
above irregularity [Figure 6.2.28(a)]. An extreme soft storey is defined where its
lateral stiffness is less than 60% of that in the storey above or less than 70% of
the average lateral stiffness of the three storeys above.
(ii) Mass Irregularity
The seismic weight of any storey is more than twice of that of its adjacent storeys
[Figure 6.2.28(b)]. This irregularity need not be considered in case of roofs.
2.5.5.3.2 Vertical Irregularity

(iii) Vertical Geometric Irregularity
This irregularity exists for buildings with setbacks with dimensions given in Figure
6.2.28(c).
(iv) Vertical In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Elements Resisting Lateral Force
An in-plane offset of the lateral force resisting elements greater than the length of
those elements Figure 6.2.28(d).
(v) Discontinuity in Capacity - Weak Story
A weak story is one in which the story lateral strength is less than 80% of that in
the story above. The story lateral strength is the total strength of all seismic force
resisting elements sharing the story shear in the considered direction [Figure
6.2.28(e)]. An extreme weak story is one where the storey lateral strength is less
than 65% of that in the story above.
36
Detailed discussion is included in Part 2 of this

presentation
PART 4
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
37
ASCE 7-05 12.6 Analysis Procedure

Selection
Simplified Analysis [12.14, not in BNBC-2020]

Equivalent Lateral Force Method [12.8, 2.5.7]
Modal Response Spectrum Analysis [12.9, 2.5.9]
Linear Response History Procedure [Ch. 16, 2.5.10]
Nonlinear Response History Procedure [Ch. 16, 2.5.11]
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.6-1 Permitted

Analytical Procedures
38
Permitted Analytical Procedures – BNBC-

2020 Section 2.5.6
ELF is allowed provided both of the following
conditions are satisfies:
(a) The building period in the two main horizontal
directions is smaller than both 4TC (TC is defined in
Sec 2.5.4.3) and 2 seconds.
(b) The building does not possess irregularity in
elevation as defined in Sec 2.5.5.3.
PART 5
EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE

PROCEDURE
39
ASCE 7-05 12.8 Computation of Base

Shear
V CsW
CS =SeismicResponseCoefficient
W =EffectiveSeismicWeightofBuilding
ASCE 7-05 12.7.2 Effective Seismic Weight, W
W = Total Dead Load and

Applicable Portions of Other Loads
25% of storage live load
(2 exceptions)
Minimum 10 psf (0.5 kN/m2)

partition load
Weight of permanent equipment
20% of uniform design snow load

where flat roof snow load
exceeds 30 psf (1.5 kN/m2)
Weight of landscaping and roof

gardens
40
2.5.7.3 Seismic Weight, W

Seismic weight, W, is the total dead load of a building or a structure,
including partition walls, and applicable portions of other imposed loads
listed below:
(a) For live load up to and including 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 25 percent of

the live load shall be applicable.
(b) For live load above 3 kN/m2, a minimum of 50 percent of the live load
shall be applicable.
(c) Total weight (100 percent) of permanent heavy equipment or retained

liquid or any imposed load sustained in nature shall be included.
Where the probable imposed loads (mass) at the time of earthquake

are more correctly assessed, the designer may go for higher
percentage of live load.

41
ASCE 7-05 12.8.1.1 Design Base Shear

Spectrum
42

Spectrum

Response Spectrum
43
Figure 6.2.26 Normalized MCE

Response Spectra for Different Site
Classes.
2.5.4.3 Design Response Spectrum
௔ ௦
(6.2.34)
44
Example Calculation of Design Base

Shear
An intermediate moment frame building in Dhaka on

Soil Type ,
Residential apartment building, 1
1.35, Zone 2, 0.2
஻ 0.2 sec, ஼ 0.8 sec, ஽ 2.0 sec

Shear
1) ஻ sec
௦
஻
at ஻ sec, ௦
௔ ௦
45

Shear
2) sec ஻ ஼ sec
௦
at ஼ sec, ௦
௔ ௦

Shear
0.8 sec ஼ ஽ sec

஼
௦
at ஽ sec, ௦
௔ ௦
46

Shear
sec ஽ sec
஼ ஽
௦ ଶ ଶ ଶ
at sec, ௦
௔ ௦
Minimum Design Base Shear
஽ௌ
, OK
Note: This check is not required by BNBC-2020
47
Calculation of Design Base Shear

by ASCE 7-05
1) ௌ ஼ sec
஽ௌ
௦
For Zone 2, Soil Type , ஽ௌ from BNBC-

2020 Table 6.C.4

by ASCE 7-05
2) sec ஼ ௅ sec
For Zone 2, Soil Type , ஽ଵ
at sec, ௦
48

by ASCE 7-05
3) ௅ ஽ sec (unspecified)
஽ଵ ௅
௦ ଶ ଶ
ଶ
ଶ
at sec, ௦
¾min. ௦ = 0.79%, OK
Slightly different from 0.83% by BNBC-2020
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2, 2.5.7.2 Structure Period
Calculated by……
1. Approximate Formulas
2. Rational Analysis using structural

properties and deformational
characteristics of resisting
elements in a properly
substantiated analysis
49
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2.1, 2.5.7.2(b)

Approximate Fundamental Period
Ta = Ct hnx(m)
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.8-2, Table 6.2.20

Values of Approximate Period Parameters Ct
and x(m)
StructureType Ct X(m)
Momentresistingframesystemsofsteelinwhichthe
framesresist100percentoftherequiredseismicforceand
arenotenclosedoradjoinedbymorerigidcomponentsthat
willpreventtheframesfromdeflectingwhensubjectedto 0.0724 0.8
seismicforces
Momentresistingframesystemsofreinforcedconcretein
whichtheframesresist100percentoftherequiredseismic
forceandarenotenclosedoradjoinedbymorerigid
componentsthatwillpreventtheframesfromdeflecting 0.0466 0.9
whensubjectedtoseismicforces
50
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.8-2, Table 6.2.20

Values of Approximate Period Parameters Ct
and x(m) (cont’d)
StructureType Ct X(m)
Eccentricallybracedsteelframes .0731 0.75
Allotherstructuralsystems 0.0488 0.75
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2.1, 2.5.7.2(c)

Approximate Fundamental Period
51
ASCE 7-05 12.8.2, 2.5.7.2 Upper Limit on T

by "Rational Analysis"
࢛ ࢇ
࢛ = 1.4 in BNBC-2020
Upper Limit on T by "Rational Analysis"

Table12.8Ͳ1(ASCE7Ͳ05)
CoefficientforUpperLimitonCalculatedPeriod
DesignSpectralResponseAcceleration
CoefficientCu
(SD1)
ш0.4 1.4
0.3 1.4
0.2 1.5
0.15 1.6
0.1 1.7
ч0.05 1.7
Note:Fordriftanalysis,upperlimitoncalculatedT doesnotapply
(Section12.8.6.2)
52
Response Modification Coefficient, R

ElasticResponseofStructure
VE
LateralSeismicForce,V
R
VY FullyYieldedStrength
:o
Yielding
DesignForceLevel
V
Cd
Gxe Gx GE
LateralDeflection,G
Response Modification Coefficient, R
ASCE 7-05 Table 12.2-1
R = 5 – Bearing wall system with special

reinforced concrete or masonry shear
walls
R = 8 – Special moment resisting frame system
53
Seismic Force-Resisting
Structural Systems
EARTHQUAKE FORCE-RESISTING
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OF CONCRETE —
ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
SYSTEMLIMITATIONSANDBUILDING
BASICSEISMICFORCEͲ DETAILINGREF. HEIGHTLIMITATIONS,ft(m),BY
R :0 Cd SEISMICDESIGNCATEGORY
RESISTINGSYSTEM SECTION
B C D EN/A FN/A
MomentͲResistingFrameSystems
Specialreinforcedconcretemoment 12.2.5.5and
8 3 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
frames 14.2
Intermediatereinforcedconcretemoment
14.2 5 3 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
frames
Ordinaryreinforcedconcretemoment
14.2 3 3 21/2 NL NP NP NP NP
frames
DualSystemswithSpecialMomentFrames
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 7 21/2 51/2 NL NL NL NL NL
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 6 21/2 5 NL NL NP NP NP
DualSystemswithIntermediate MomentFrames
NL 160
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 61/2 21/2 5 NL 100 100
50m NP
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 14.2 51/2 21/2 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
54
ASCE 7-05 , BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
BASICSEISMICFORCEͲ DETAILINGREF. HEIGHTLIMITATIONS,ft(m),BY
RESISTINGSYSTEM SECTION
B C D EN/A FN/A
BearingWallSystems
14.2and 160
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 5 21/2 5 NL NL 160 100
14.2.3.6 50m
14.2and
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 4 21/2 4 NL NL NP NP NP
14.2.3.4
14.2and
DetailedplainconcreteshearwallsN/A 2 21/2 2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.2
14.2and
OrdinaryplainconcreteshearwallsN/A 11/2 21/2 11/2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.1
14.2and
IntermediateprecastshearwallsN/A 4 21/2 4 NL NL 401 401 401
14.2.3.5
14.2and
OrdinaryprecastshearwallsN/A 3 21/2 3 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.3
1Increase in height to 45 ft is permitted for single-story storage warehouse facilities.
ASCE 7-05 , BNBC-2020 Table 6.2.19
BASICSEISMICFORCEͲ DETAILING HEIGHTLIMITATIONS,ft(m),BY
RESISTINGSYSTEM REF.SECTION
B C D EN/A FN/A
Building FrameSystems
14.2and 160
Specialreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 6 21/2 5 NL NL 160 100
14.2.3.6 50m
14.2and
Ordinaryreinforcedconcreteshearwalls 5 21/2 41/2 NL NL NP NP NP
14.2.3.4
14.2and
Detailedplainconcreteshearwalls N/A 2 21/2 2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.2
14.2and
OrdinaryplainconcreteshearwallsN/A 11/2 21/2 11/2 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.1
14.2and
IntermediateprecastshearwallsN/A 5 21/2 41/2 NL NL 401 401 401
14.2.3.5
14.2and
OrdinaryprecastshearwallsN/A 4 21/2 4 NL NP NP NP NP
14.2.3.3
1Increase in height to 45 ft is permitted for single-story storage warehouse facilities.
55
2.5.5.2 Combinations (if not “Dual”)

Same Direction
Horizontal (ASCE 7-05 12.2.3.2)
Where different seismic force–resisting systems are used in combination
to resist seismic forces in the same direction of structural response, other
than those combinations considered as dual systems, the more stringent
system limitation contained in Table 6.2.19 shall apply. The value of R
used for design in that direction shall not be greater than the least value of
R for any of the systems utilized in that direction. The deflection
amplification factor, ‫ ݀ܥ‬in the direction under consideration at any story
shall not be less than the largest value of this factor for the R factor used
in the same direction being considered.
2.5.5.1 Combinations
Different Directions
Horizontal
Different seismic force–resisting systems are permitted to be used to
resist seismic forces along each of the two orthogonal axes of the
structure. Where different systems are used, the respective R and ‫݀ܥ‬
coefficients shall apply to each system, including the limitations on
system use contained in Table 6.2.19.
56
2.5.5.1 Combinations
Different Directions (12.2.2)
• Use respective R, Cd, and :0 in each orthogonal direction
R=5
Cd = 5
ȍo = 2½
R = 8, Cd = 5 ½, ȍo = 3
ASCE 7-05 Table 11.5-1, Table 6.2.17

Seismic Importance Factor, I
Risk Importance
Category Factor
I 1.0
II 1.0
III 1.25
IV 1.5
57
ASCE 7-05 12.8.3, 2.5.7.4 Determine Fx

Over the Height of the Building
Fx = CvxV
k
wx hx
Cvx = k
єwi hi
k = 1 for T 0.5 sec

k = 2 for T 2.5 sec
Linear interpolation in between
2.5.7.5 Story Shear
(6.2.42)
58
ASCE 7-05 12.8.4, 2.5.7.5

Horizontal Distribution of Forces
ASCE 7-05 12.8.4 , 2.5.7.5

59
ASCE 7-05 12.8.4 , 2.5.7.5

Torsion
• Torsional moment due to difference in location of center
of mass and center of resistance must be considered
for rigid diaphragms
Accidental torsion
• For rigid diaphragms, must be included in addition to
the torsional moment
• Displacement of center of mass = 5% building dimension
perpendicular to direction of applied forces
ASCE 7 12.8.4.3, 2.5.7.6.2

Amplification of Accidental Torsional
Moments
For structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, where
Type 1a or 1b irregularity exists, ASCE 7-05 Section
12.8.4.3 requires that the torsional and accidental
torsional moments be amplified by a torsional
amplification factor of up to 3.
(6.2.44)
60
2.5.7.8 Overturning Effects

The structure shall be designed to resist overturning effects caused by the seismic
forces determined in Sec 2.5.7.4. At any story, the increment of overturning moment in
the story under consideration shall be distributed to the various vertical force resisting
elements in the same proportion as the distribution of the horizontal shears to those
elements. The overturning moments at level ‫ݔ‬, ‫ ݔܯ‬shall be determined as follows:
(6.2.47)
Where,
‫ܨ‬௜ = Portion of the seismic base shear, ܸ induced at level ݅
݄௜ , ݄௫ = Height from the base to level ݅ or ‫ݔ‬.
The foundations of structures, except inverted pendulum-type structures, shall

be permitted to be designed for three-fourths of the foundation overturning
design moment, ‫ ݋ܯ‬determined using above equation.
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

Story Drift Determination (')
Lateral displacement of one level relative to the

next level above or below
61
Analysis of Structures under Code-

Prescribed Seismic Forces
QE Gxe
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

'x = Gx - Gx-1 'a
where….
Gx = Cd Gxe / I
62
ASCE 7-05 12.8.6, 2.5.7.7

Cd = displacement amplification factor
(ASCE 7-05 Table 12.2-1, Table 6.2.19)
Gxe = elastic analysis displacement
'a = allowable story drift

(ASCE 7-05 Table 12.12-1, Table 6.2.21, Section
2.5.14)
I = seismic importance factor

(ASCE 7-05 Table 1.5-2, Table 6.2.17)
Allowable Story Drift ('a )

ASCE 7-05 Table 12.12-1, Table 6.2.21
Occupancy Category
Building
I or II III IV
Buildings 4 stories in height; other
than masonry;
0.025hsx 0.020hsx 0.015hsx
Non-structural elements designed to
accommodate story drift
Masonry cantilever shear wall
0.010hsx 0.010hsx 0.010hsx
buildings
Other masonry shear walls buildings
0.007hsx 0.007hsx 0.007hsx
All other buildings 0.020hsx 0.015hsx 0.010hsx

݄‫ = ݔݏ‬Story height below level ‫ݔ‬
63
PART 6
EARTHQUAKE LOAD EFFECTS AND

LOAD COMBINATIONS
2.7.3 Strength Design Load Combinations
1. 1.4(D + F)
2. 1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H
7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
64
2.7.3 Strength Design Load Combinations

(without F, H, T)
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
6. 0.9D + 1.6W
7. 0.9D + 1.0E
Seismic Strength Design Load

Combinations
1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
0.9D + 1.0E
E = UQE + 0.2SDSD ASCE 7-05 12.4.2
E = UQE - 0.2SDSD ASCE 7-05 12.4.2
U = 1 in Seismic Design Category (SDC) A, B, and C
U = 1 or 1.3 in SDC D, E, and F
65
Analysis of Structures under Code-

Prescribed Seismic Forces
x Gxe
QE
2.5.13 Earthquake Load Effects and

Load Combinations
In BNBC-2020
U = 1 (not mentioned at all)
‫ݒ‬ = (6.2.56)
=
= ܽ
66
Effect of Vertical Earthquake Ground

Motion
Gravity and Earthquake Effects Additive
=
= ‫ܧ‬
= ‫ܧ‬
Dhaka, Zone-2, Soil Type SD: ‫ܵܦ‬ = 0.45

= ‫ܧ‬
The load factor on live load L in combinations (3), (4), and (5) is permitted
to be reduced to 0.5 for all occupancies in which minimum specified
uniformly distributed live load is less than or equal to 5.0 kN/m 2, with the
exception of garages or areas occupied as places of public assembly.
Effect of Vertical Earthquake Ground

Motion
Gravity and Earthquake Effects Counteractive
=
= ‫ܧ‬
=
Dhaka, Zone-2, Soil Type SD: ‫ܵܦ‬ = 0.45
= ‫ܧ‬
67
Load Combinations with Overstrength

Factor
CantileverColumnSystems 12.2.5.2
SDCBͲF
Foundation and other
elements used to provide
overturning resistance at
the base of cantilever
column elements shall
have the strength to
resist the load
combinations with over
strength factor of Section
12.4.3.2.

Factor
ElementsSupportingDiscontinuous 12.3.3.3
WallsorFrames SDCBͲF
SHEAR WALL
Elements supporting discontinuous walls or

frames
68

Factor

Factor
69

Factor
CollectorElements 12.10.2.1(SDCCͲF)

Factor
70
2.5.13.4 Load Combinations with

Overstrength Factor
Basic Combinations for Strength Design with
Overstrength Factor
(1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + :0QE + L
(0.9 í 0.2SDS)D + :0QE
2.5.5.6 Provisions for Using System

Overstrength Factor, ȍo
2.5.5.6.1 Combinations of Elements Supporting
Discontinuous Walls or Frames.
Columns, beams, trusses, or slabs supporting discontinuous
walls or frames of structures having horizontal irregularity
Type IV of Table 6.1.5 or vertical irregularity Type IV of Table
6.1.4 shall have the design strength to resist the maximum
axial force that can develop in accordance with the load
combinations with overstrength factor of Section 2.5.13.4.
The connections of such discontinuous elements to the
supporting members shall be adequate to transmit the forces
for which the discontinuous elements were required to be
designed.
71

2.5.5.6.2 Increase in Forces Due to Irregularities for Seismic Design
Categories D through E.
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D or E and having a

horizontal structural irregularity of Type I.a, I.b, II, III, or IV in Table 6.1.5
or a vertical structural irregularity of Type IV in Table 6.1.4, the design
forces determined from Section 2.5.7 shall be increased 25 percent for
connections of diaphragms to vertical elements 6-104 Vol. 2 and to
collectors and for connections of collectors to the vertical elements.
Collectors and their connections also shall be designed for these
increased forces unless they are designed for the load combinations with
overstrength factor of Section 2.5.5.4, in accordance with Section
2.5.13.4.

2.5.5.6.3 Collector Elements Requiring Load Combinations
with Overstrength Factor for Seismic Design Categories C
through E.
In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D or
E, collector elements, splices, and their connections to
resisting elements shall resist the load combinations with
overstrength of Section 2.5.13.4.
72

2.5.5.6.4 Batter Piles.
Batter piles and their connections shall be capable of
resisting forces and moments from the load combinations
with overstrength factor of Section 2.5.13.4. Where vertical
and batter piles act jointly to resist foundation forces as a
group, these forces shall be distributed to the individual piles
in accordance with their relative horizontal and vertical
rigidities and the geometric distribution of the piles within the
group.
Questions?
Thank you
73

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S. K.

Ghosh Associates LLC

Seismic Design Provisions of

URP S-09 Training

Earthquakes and Their

URP S-09 Training

Shear forces are transferred to the earth by friction

Forces from gravity loads and seismic overturning

From point of load application or origin

Important Reference to ASCE 7-02

Seismic Design Provisions

Chapters 11-23 0f ASCE 7-05 onwards

Detailing Rules in BNBC-2020

Part 6, Chapter 8, Detailing of Reinforcement in

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

The purpose of earthquake resistant design provisions in this

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

The desirable characteristics of earthquake resistant buildings are

Structural Simplicity, Uniformity and Symmetry:

Structural simplicity, uniformity and plan symmetry is characterized by an

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

2.5.2 Earthquake Resistant Design –

ASCE 7-05, BNBC-2020

2.5.4 Earthquake Ground Motion

ASCE 7-05 Figure 11.4-1:

BNBC-2020 Fig. 6.2.25: MCE Response

ASCE 7-10 Figure 11.4-1:

Design Ground Motion (ASCE 7-05)

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.1: Parameters SS

Parameters ZoneͲ1 ZoneͲ2 ZoneͲ3 ZoneͲ4

SS 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

S1 0.12 0.2 0.28 0.36

S1 = 0.4SS, not independent of SS, as in ASCE 7-05

Table 6.2.15: Seismic Zone Coefficient Z for

ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion

Site Class (Soil Type) Definitions (ASCE 7-05 Table 20.3-1,

2006 IBC 1613.5.2 “Default” Site Class

Site Class D must be used when the soil properties

Have not found equivalent statement in BNBC-2020.

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1 Values of Site

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9

F Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-1 Values of Site

b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-2 Values of Site

A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3

D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5

E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4

F Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb Noteb

ASCE 7-05 Table 11.4-2 Values of Site

b. Values shall be determined in accordance with

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.2: Coefficient Fa for

Fa = S, dependent only on Site Class, no

BNBC-2020 Table 6.C.3: Coefficient Fv for

Table 6.2.16: Site Dependent Soil Factor

ASCE 7-05 Design Ground Motion

SMS = soil-modified MCE spectral response

SMS = soil-modified MCE spectral response

SM1 = soil-modified MCE spectral response

SDS = design spectral response acceleration at

SD1 = design spectral response acceleration at 1.0-

Simplified Analysis [12.14, not in BNBC-2020]

W = Total Dead Load and

Minimum 10 psf (0.5 kN/m2)

Weight of permanent equipment

20% of uniform design snow load

Weight of landscaping and roof