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Salvador - Jhun Melo - Written Report 01
Salvador - Jhun Melo - Written Report 01
In Tropical Design 1
To be presented to
Submited by
Arch 2A
September 20,2021
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….2
List of Figures……………………………………………………………………...2
Introduction………………………………………………………………………...3
Body / Content
Climate……………………………………………………………………………..4
Weather……………………………………………………………………………4
Koppen System……………………………………………………………………5
Types of Climate…………………………………………………………………..5
Climatic Elements to be considered in design…………………………………6
Elements of climate and weather in the Philippines…………………………..6
Climate of the Philippines…………………………………………………………7
Climate types in the Philippines………………………………………………….8
Monsoon in the Philippines……………………………………………………….9
Define prevailing winds……………………………………………………………9
Typhoon, Hurricane, Cyclones, Tropical Depression, and Tropical Storms..9
Tropical design…………………………………………………………………….10
Characteristics of tropical Climate……………………………………………….10
Design objectives and consideration for tropical Climate……………………..10
References………………………………………………………………………….14
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INTRODUCTION
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BODY / CONTENT
basis. Weather varies by location and changes over the course of minutes,
hours, days, and weeks. The troposphere, the portion of the Earth's atmosphere
closest to the ground, is where the majority of weather occurs.
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The Köppen climatic classification system divides the world's climate
zones based on local vegetation. Wladimir Köppen, a German botanist and
climatologist, created this concept near the end of the nineteenth century, basing
it on prior biome studies.
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There are five major climatic types: tropical, dry, temperate, and
subtropical. Continental. Polar.
The dry climatic category includes areas with little precipitation. There are
two sorts of dry climates: arid and semiarid. Most dry areas receive 10 to 30
centimeters of rain (four to 12 inches) each year, whereas semiarid climates
receive enough to maintain vast grasslands.
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Temperate climates are typically described as having moderate rainfall
spread out across the year or portion of the year with intermittent drought,
pleasant to warm summers and chilly to cold winters.
Continental climates exist when cold air masses enter during the winter
and warm air masses emerge during the summer when the sun is shining brightly
and the days are long. Places with continental climates are often located either
distant from any oceanic moderating impact or in such a way that prevailing
winds tend to blow offshore.
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The Philippines is classified as a tropical country since it is close to the
equator and has just two seasons, as opposed to other countries that have four
seasons owing to their location. According to the quantity of rainfall, the nation
has two seasons: wet and dry.
The Philippines has a tropical marine climate with two seasons: wet and
dry. From May to October, the summer monsoon provides significant rainfall to
the majority of the archipelago, while the winter monsoon brings colder and drier
air from December to February.
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D) The average annual rainfall in the Philippines ranges from 965 to 4,064
millimeters. Baguio City, eastern Samar, and eastern Surigao receive the most
rain, while the southern section of Cotabato receives the least.
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Pacific Basin, and it is the most active tropical cyclone basin on the planet,
accounting for almost one-third of the world's yearly tropical storms.
A hurricane is a tropical storm with winds that have reached 74 miles per
hour or higher. A storm's eye is typically 20-30 miles wide and can stretch for
over 400 miles. Storms can cause heavy rainfall, strong gusts, and storm surges.
A tropical cyclone having winds of more than 39 miles (63 kilometers) per
hour but less than hurricane strength. In truth, tropical architecture is all about
providing thermal comfort using passive design components such as sunshades,
hollow walls, light shelves, overhangs, roof and wall insulation, and even shade
from huge trees to hide the sun. It might appear classic, ultramodern, or even
high-tech.
1. Sun Study -For a tropical zone, where peak temperatures can reach 30
degrees Celsius and diurnal variations can reach 20 degrees Celsius, studying
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the sun and daylight, as well as its solar radiations and energy analysis, is critical
if one intends to segregate the external spaces, interiors, and light-sensitive
spaces while incorporating the typical passive design elements such as mutual
shading and ada.
2. Structure- When the goal is to give superior thermal comfort to the user
and protection of both the living rooms and the exterior areas in a hot, windy, and
frequently humid climate, the shape is one of the major factors for passive
design. ‘Compactness' and ‘Perimeter to Area Ratio' are two tried-and-true
techniques for optimizing architecture in terms of thermal gain, orientation along
sun pathways, and ease of access to sunlight wherever it is required on the
premises.
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5. Shading- Shading devices are critical environmental controls that
substantially decrease the demand for mechanical heating and cooling systems
by limiting heat gain, access to sunshine, and its entrance via apertures. The
architect must select between exterior and interior shading mechanisms with the
goal of lowering the mean radiant temperature of the structure, which may also
be accomplished through the coordinated construction of solar envelopes for
self-shading and natural vegetation and its buffers.
8. Sapces -The external, interior, and light-sensitive areas are the three
major spaces in a house. The former two are similar to all houses and so require
consideration in terms of light ingress throughout the seasonal flux and the
general vertical and horizontal zoning schemes created. Light-sensitive facilities,
such as museums and natatoriums, that do not require direct sunlight must be
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carefully planned in terms of placement and separation to avoid the risk of direct
exposure to the natural elements.
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To offer adequate housing in a society, a continuous examination of the
requirements of the local population is required. This is especially true when
lifestyles are changing dramatically, as they do on the outskirts of tropical cities.
Before being enforced, prototype housing should be evaluated to ensure that it is
appropriate for the setting. According to the current study, tropical design
features may be easily implemented in bungalow houses and building structures
to give thermal comfort with little use of air conditioning. Such designs have two
major advantages: they reduce the demand for air conditioning and they
represent a local identity. Currently, developers in quickly urbanizing tropics
pursue a “quick fix” approach to housing. They disregard the climate and impose
a generic house design over a wide range of climatic zones. This study contends
that this is not in the best interests of individuals who live on the outskirts of
tropical cities.
The current research indicates the need for more research in two related
areas. To begin, what effect does it have on people's well-being and the
environment when people in the tropics rely on air conditioning to make their
houses livable? Second, what design characteristics are necessary in the other
popular forms of housing that are becoming more common on the outskirts of
tropical cities
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REFERENCES
https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/06059010253.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352710218302365
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207239708711133
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/weather_climate.html
https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-weather-works/weather
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/koppen-climate-classification-
system/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rforest.html#:~:text=The
%20tropical%20rainforest%20is%20a,evenly%20distributed%20throughout
%20the%20year.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemeketa-geophysical/chapter/tropical-
moist-climates-group-a/#:~:text=The%20tropical%20monsoon%20climate
%20has,from%20the%20abundant%20summer%20rains.
http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/savannah.html#:~:text=The
%20tropical%20savanna%20is%20a,is%20also%20a%20tropical%20savanna.
https://www.wartsila.com/encyclopedia/term/humid-subtropical-climate#:~:text=A
%20humid%20subtropical%20climate%20is,poleward%20from%20adjacent
%20tropical%20climates.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_climate
https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines#:~:text=The
%20Climate%20of%20the%20Philippines,high%20humidity%20and
%20abundant%20rainfall.&text=The%20coolest%20months%20fall%20in,mean
%20temperature%20of%2028.3oC.
http://countrystudies.us/philippines/32.htm#:~:text=The%20Philippines%20has
%20a%20tropical,air%20from%20December%20to%20February.
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https://www.google.com/search?
q=air+temperature+in+the+philippines&oq=air+temperature+in+the+philipp&aqs
=chrome.1.69i57j0i22i30l5j0i390l2.20360j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy01osti/28903.pdf
https://www.divescotty.com/underwater-blog/amihan-habagat-
monsoon.php#:~:text=The%20monsoon%20commonly%20occurs%20from,the
%20sunshine%20is%20less%20threatening.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevailing_winds
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/tropical-depression
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tropical%20storm
https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/d8files/59.%20FS-Tropical-architecture.pdf
https://www.toppr.com/guides/science/nature/ecosystem/tropical-climate/
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a2129-10-things-to-
remember-when-designing-in-tropical-climate/
file:///C:/Users/JhunMelo%20D.%20Salvador/Downloads/sustainability-06-
06278%20(1).pdf
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