VNPX 507sgd-31gc-Gcs - Operator's Manual - 2015

Operator’s Manual
High Speed Separator

VNPX 507SGD-31GC/GCS
Product No. 881222-01-04/2

Book No. 598887-02 Rev. 2
Published By:
Alfa Laval Tumba AB
SE-147 80 Tumba, Sweden
Telephone: +46 8 530 650 00
Telefax: +46 8 530 310 40
© Alfa Laval Tumba AB October 2015

Original instructions
This publication or any part there of may not be
reproduced or transmitted by any process or
means without prior written permission of
Alfa Laval Tumba AB.
Contents
1 Safety Instructions 7
1.1 Warning signs in text 12

1.2 Environmental issues 13
1.3 Requirements of personnel 14
1.4 Remote start 14
2 Separator Basics 15
2.1 Basic principles of separation 15

2.1.1 Separation by gravity 15
2.1.2 Centrifugal separation 15
2.1.3 Separating temperatures 16
2.2 Design and function 17
2.2.1 Application 17
2.2.2 Overview 17
2.2.3 Mechanical power transmission 18
2.2.4 Sensors and indicators 19
2.2.5 Cyclone (if applicable) 19
2.2.6 Process main parts 21
2.2.7 Separating function 25
2.2.8 Sediment discharge cycle 26
2.2.9 Flushing 28
2.3 Factors influencing the separation result 29
2.3.1 Viscosity and density 29
2.3.2 Size and shape of particles 29
2.3.3 Properties of the sediment 29
2.3.4 Sediment content 29
2.3.5 Sediment discharge 30
2.3.6 Disc stack 30
2.3.7 Throughput 30
2.3.8 Back pressure regulation 31
2.3.9 Sediment discharge frequency 31
3
2.4 Sediment discharge interval 32
2.5 Machine plates and safety labels 34
2.6 Definitions 36
3 Operating Instructions 37
3.1 Operating routine 37

3.1.1 Ready for start 37
3.1.2 Start 39
3.1.3 Running 40
3.1.4 Normal stop 42
3.1.5 Emergency stop 43
4 Trouble-tracing 45
4.1 Mechanical functions 45

4.1.1 Separator vibrates 45
4.1.2 Smell 46
4.1.3 Noise 46
4.1.4 Speed too low 46
4.1.5 Speed too high 46
4.1.6 Starting power too high 47
4.1.7 Starting power too low 47
4.1.8 Starting time too long 47
4.1.9 Retardation time too long 47
4.2 Separating functions 48
4.2.1 Liquid flows through the bowl casing
drain and/or sediment outlet 48
4.2.2 Bowl opens accidentally during
operation 49
4.2.3 Bowl fails to open for sediment
discharge 49
4.2.4 Unsatisfactory sediment discharge 50
4.2.5 Unsatisfactory separation result 50
4
Read and understand instruction manuals
and observe the warnings before installation,
operation, service and maintenance.
Not following the instructions can result in

serious accidents.
In order to make the information clear only foreseeable conditions

have been considered. No warnings are given, therefore, for
situations arising from the unintended usage of the machine and its
tools.
5
6
2 Safety Instructions
The centrifuge includes parts that rotate at high

speed. This means that:
• Kinetic energy is high
• Great forces are generated
G0010421
• Stopping time is long
Manufacturing tolerances are extremely fine.

Rotating parts are carefully balanced to reduce
undesired vibrations that can cause a breakdown.
Material properties have been considered
carefully during design to withstand stress and
fatigue.
The separator is designed and supplied for a
specific separation duty (type of liquid, rotational
speed, temperature, density etc.) and must not be
used for any other purpose.
Incorrect operation and maintenance can result in
unbalance due to build-up of sediment, reduction
of material strength, etc., that subsequently could
lead to serious damage and/or injury.
The following basic safety instructions therefore
apply:
• Use the separator only for the purpose
and parameter range specified by
Alfa Laval. Applies not only to the process
but also to cleaning and service liquids.
• Strictly follow the instructions for
installation, operation and maintenance.
• Ensure that personnel are competent and
have sufficient knowledge of maintenance
and operation, especially concerning
emergency stopping procedures.
S0151211
• Use only Alfa Laval genuine spare parts

and the special tools supplied.
11
Disintegration hazards
• When power cables are connected,

always check direction of motor rotation.
If incorrect, vital rotating parts could
unscrew.
S01512F1
• If excessive vibration occurs, stop
separator and keep bowl filled with
liquid during rundown.
S01512N1
• Use the separator only for the purpose 3
kPa m /h
and parameter range specified by 3
kg/m o
C
Alfa Laval.
r/min
Hz
S01512P1
• Check that the gear/pulley ratio is correct
for power frequency used. If incorrect,
50Hz
subsequent overspeed may result in a
60Hz
serious break down.
S01512L1
• If the separator is run by a variable
frequency drive, it is extremely important
that the frequency does not exceed the
allowed maximum. This is to avoid
serious break down caused by too high
speed.
• Welding or heating of parts that rotate
can seriously affect material strength.
S0151241
• Wear on the large lock ring thread must

not exceed safety limit. φ-mark on lock A
ring must not pass opposite φ-mark by
more than specified distance.
S01512G1
(MA
X2
5)
• Inspect regularly for corrosion and

erosion damage. Inspect frequently if
process or cleaning liquid is corrosive or
erosive.
S01512H1
12
Entrapment hazards
• Make sure that rotating parts have come

to a complete standstill before
accessing parts inside the machine or
starting any dismantling work.
S01512O1
If there is no braking function the run
down time can exceed two hours.
• To avoid accidental start, switch off and

lock power supply before starting any
S0151261
dismantling work.
Assemble the machine completely

before start. All covers, connections and
guards must be in place.
Electrical hazard
• Follow local regulations for electrical

installation and earthing (grounding).
• To avoid accidental start, switch off and
S0151271
lock power supply before starting any
dismantling work.
13
Crush hazards
• Use correct lifting tools and follow lifting

instructions.
S01512M1
Do not work under a hanging load.
S01512Y1
Noise hazards
• Use ear protection in noisy

environments.
S0151291
Burn hazards
• Lubrication oil, machine parts and

various machine surfaces can be hot and
cause burns. Wear protective gloves.
S01512A1
14
Skin irritation hazards
• When using chemical cleaning agents,

make sure you follow the general rules
and suppliers recommendation
regarding ventilation, personnel
S01512D1
protection etc.
• Use of lubricants in various situations.
Cut hazards
• Sharp edges, especially on bowl discs,

retaining-rings and threads, can cause
cuts. Wear protective gloves.
S01512B1
Flying objects
• Risk for accidental release of snap rings

and springs when dismantling and
assembly. Wear safety goggles.
S01512C1
Health hazard
• Risk for unhealthy dust when handling

friction blocks/pads. Use a dust mask to
make sure not to inhale any dust
S01512V1
15
2.1 Warning signs in text

Pay attention to the safety instructions in this
manual. Below are definitions of the three grades
of warning signs used in the text where there is a
risk for injury to personnel.
DANGER
Type of hazard
DANGER indicates an imminently

hazardous situation which, if not avoided,
will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Type of hazard
WARNING indicates a potentially

could result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Type of hazard
CAUTION indicates a potentially

may result in minor or moderate injury.
NOTE
NOTE indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result
in property damage.
16
2.2 Environmental issues
Unpacking
Packing material consists of wood, plastics,
cardboard boxes and in some cases metal straps.
Wood and cardboard boxes can be reused,
recycled or used for energy recovery.
Plastics should be recycled or burnt at a licensed
waste incineration plant.
Metal straps should be sent for material recycling.
Maintenance
During maintenance oil and wear parts in the
machine are replaced.
Oil must be taken care of in agreement with local
regulations.
Rubber and plastics should be burnt at a licensed
waste incineration plant. If not available they
should be disposed to a suitable licensed land fill
site.
Bearings and other metal parts should be sent to
a licensed handler for material recycling.
Seal rings and friction linings should be disposed
to a licensed land fill site. Check your local
regulations.
Worn out or defected electronic parts should be
sent to a licensed handler for material recycling.
17
2.3 Requirements of
personnel
Only skilled or instructed persons are allowed to
operate the machine, e.g. operating and
maintenance staff.
• Skilled person: A person with technical
knowledge or sufficient experience to enable
him or her to perceive risks and to avoid
hazards which electricity/mechanics can
create.
• Instructed person: A person adequately
advised or supervised by a skilled person to
enable him or her to perceive risks and to
avoid hazards which electricity/mechanics
can create.
In some cases special skilled personnel may
need to be hired, like electricians and others. In
some of these cases the personnel has to be
certified according to local regulations with
experience of similar types of work.
2.4 Remote start

If the separator is operated from a remote
position, from where it can neither be seen nor
heard, the power isolation device shall be
equipped with an interlocking device. This is to
prevent a remote start command which could
result in some liquid being fed to the separator
when it is shut down for service.
The first start after the separator has been taken
apart or has been standing still for a long time
shall always be locally manually supervised.
18
2 Separator Basics
2.1 Basic principles of

separation
The purpose of separation can be:
• to free a liquid of solid particles,
• to separate two mutually insoluble liquids with
different densities while removing any solids
presents at the same time,
• to separate and concentrate solid particles
G0010711
from a liquid.
Sedimentation by gravity
2.1.1 Separation by gravity
A liquid mixture in a stationary bowl will clear
slowly as the heavy particles in the liquid mixture
sink to the bottom under the influence of gravity.
Continuous separation and sedimentation can be
achieved in a settling tank having inlet and outlet
arranged according to the illustration.
Heavier particles in the liquid mixture will settle
G0736021
and form a sediment layer on the tank bottom.
Sedimentation in a settling tank, with the outlet

making it possible to separate the liquid from the
sediment
2.1.2 Centrifugal separation

In a rapidly rotating bowl, the force of gravity is
replaced by centrifugal force, which can be
thousands of times greater.
Separation and sedimentation is continuous and
happens very quickly.
The centrifugal force in the separator bowl can
achieve in a few seconds what takes many hours
in a tank under influence of gravity.
G0736011
The centrifugal solution
15
2.1 Basic principles of separation 2 Separator Basics
2.1.3 Separating temperatures

For some types of process liquids (e.g. mineral
oils) a high separating temperature will normally
increase the separation capacity. The
temperature influences oil viscosity and density
and should be kept constant throughout the
separation.
Viscosity
Low viscosity facilitates separation. Viscosity can
be reduced by heating.
G0011011
High viscosity (with low temperature)
G0011111
Low viscosity (with high temperature)

Density difference (specific gravity ratio)
The greater the density difference between the
two liquids, the easier the separation. The density
difference can be increased by heating.
G0011211
High density (with low temperature)

G0011311
Low density (with high temperature)
16
2 Separator Basics 2.2 Design and function
2.2 Design and function
2.2.1 Application
VNPX 507SGD-31GC/GCS is a sediment-
discharging high-speed centrifugal separator for
wine with controlled partial sediment discharge. It
is of clarification design, i.e. it separates the liquid
phase from the sediment.
WARNING
Never use the separator for separating other
G1036011
liquids or liquids with other characteristics
than originally specified. If your requirements
change, always consult Alfa Laval represent-
ative before any changes are made.
2.2.2 Overview
The separator comprises a processing part and a
driving part. It is driven by an electric motor (4).
Mechanically, the separator machine frame is
composed of a bottom part, a top part and a
frame hood. The motor is flanged to the frame as
shown in the illustration. The frame feet (5) are
vibration damping.
The bottom part of the separator contains a flat
belt transmission (7), a rigid coupling (6) and a G0625041
vertical spindle (3).

The bottom part also contains an oil bath for 201. Process liquid inlet
lubrication of spindle bearings and a brake. 220. Cleaned liquid outlet
222. Sediment discharge outlet
The frame top part and the frame hood contain
375. Bowl operating water inlet
the processing parts of the separator, the inlet, 462. Drain of frame top part
outlets and piping (1).
1. Inlet and outlet device
The liquid is cleaned in the separator bowl (2).
2. Bowl
This is fitted on the upper part of the vertical
3. Vertical driving device with bowl spindle
spindle and rotates at high speed in the space 4. Electric motor
formed by the frame top part and frame hood. The 5. Frame feet
bowl also contains the discharge mechanism 6. Rigid coupling
which empties the sediment from the bowl. 7. Flat belt transmission
8. Speed sensor
9. Unbalance sensor
17
2.2 Design and function 2 Separator Basics
An unbalance sensor (9) and a speed sensor (8)

monitor the separator operation.
The main inlets and outlets are shown with
connection numbers in the illustration. These
numbers correspond with the numbers used in
chapters Connection list and Basic size drawing
in Installation Manual.
2.2.3 Mechanical power

transmission
The main parts of the power transmission
between motor and bowl are shown in the
illustration.
The frequency controlled motor connected to the
rigid coupling (4) ensures a gentle start and
acceleration and at the same time prevents
overloading.
The flat belt transmission has a ratio which
increases the bowl speed several times compared
with the motor speed.
To reduce bearing wear and the transmission of
bowl vibrations to the frame and foundation, the
top bearing of the bowl spindle is mounted in a
G0624911
spring damped bearing seat (2).
The bearings on the spindle are lubricated by the
oil splash produced by an oil pump. 1. Bowl spindle
2. Top bearing and bearing seat
3. Bottom bearing
4. Rigid coupling
5. Flat belt
Brake
The separator is equipped with a brake to be
used when stopping the separator. The use of the
brake reduces the retardation time of the bowl
and critical speeds will therefore be quickly
passed. A
The brake lining acts on the outside of the rigid
coupling.
G0625211
B
A = Brake applied
B = Brake released
18
2.2.4 Sensors and indicators
Unbalance sensor (1)

For indication of any abnormal unbalance the
separator can be equipped with a sensor
monitoring the radial position of the bowl spindle.
Speed sensor (2)

An optional speed sensor indicates the speed of
the separator. The correct speed is needed to
achieve the best separating results and for
reasons of safety. The number of revolutions for
correct speed is shown in chapter Technical data
in the Installation Manual. Refer to name plate for
speed particulars.
Sight glass (3)
G0625151
The sight glass shows the oil level in the oil sump.
1. Unbalance sensor
2. Speed sensor
3. Sight glass
2.2.5 Cyclone (if applicable)
When accumulated sediment in the bowl is
discharged, it leaves the bowl at high speed. To
prevent reaction forces on the separator this
speed must be reduced before the sediment
leaves the separator. This is done in the outlet
cyclone where the sediment will rotate while its
speed is gradually reduced by the wall friction
until its speed is low enough to be discharged by
gravity by outlet 222.
When the sediment is suddenly discharged into
the cyclone there will be a positive gas pressure
shock in the cyclone and a corresponding
negative pressure shock in bowl enclosure
because a certain volume of material is suddenly
moved from one region to another.
After the discharge the pressure will be equalized
by back flow of gas from the cyclone to the bowl
enclosure. This back flow will contain some
sediment that might cause build up of sediment
deposits on the surface in the bowl cover.
A part of the pressure shock will also go out by
the connection 222 into the external sediment
19
receiving system where it can damage the system

or spread aerosols to the surroundings. The
cyclone is equipped with one open connection
(543) at the top. This connection is used for
ventilation of the cyclone.
20
2.2.6 Process main parts
G0625321
Separator bowl, feed and discharge assembly, control paring disc and liquid flow.
Non-rotating parts are indicated by black shade.
201. Process liquid inlet 7. Inlet pipe 18. Nozzle *

220. Cleaned liquid outlet 8. Bowl hood 19. Opening chamber
302. Axial seal water inlet (if axial 9. Top disc 20. Drain channels
hermetic seal (1) is fitted 10. Large lock ring 21. Drain valve *
375. Operating water inlet * 11. Bowl disc stack 22. Closing chamber
1. Axial hermetic seal (option) 12. Sediment space 23. Operating slide *
2. Paring chamber cover 13. Bowl hood seal ring * 24. Distributing ring *
3. Paring disc 14. Sediment port * 25. Operating water ring
4. Paring chamber 15. Bowl body 26. Nozzle *
5. Small lock ring 16. Sliding bowl bottom * 27. Nozzle *
6. Distributor 17. Closing water space
* Parts effecting a sediment discharge
21
Inlet and outlet device

The inlet and outlet device consists of the
following parts:
• The inlet (201). This comprises the pipe bend
and the long inlet pipe (7) which extends into
the middle of the bowl.
• The outlet (220). This comprises the outlet
housing, the paring chamber (4) and the
paring disc (3).
The paring disc serves as a stationary discharge
pump. The paring disc dips radial into the rotating
liquid which then is pared out.
To prevent aeration of the separated liquid it is
important that the paring disc is covered to a
certain extent, which is regulated by the back
pressure of the liquid outlet.
The inlet and outlet device is held together by the
inlet pipe threading and a nut forming a complete
G0631011
unit.
The outlet housing is fastened to the separator Paring disc pump
frame hood. Height adjusting rings determine the
height position of the paring disc in the paring
chamber.
Separator bowl and sediment discharge

mechanism
The separator bowl with its sediment discharge
mechanism is built-up as follows:
The bowl body (15) and bowl hood (8) are held
together by the large lock ring (10). Inside the
bowl are the distributor (6) and the disc stack
(11). The disc stack is kept compressed by the
bowl hood. The sliding bowl bottom (16) forms an
internal separate bottom in the bowl.
The bowl top is covered by the paring chamber
cover (2). The space inside this cover is the
paring chamber (4) with the paring disc (3) which
pumps the separated liquid out of the bowl.
The sediment space (12) is the space between
the sliding bowl bottom, the bowl hood and the
disc stack in the bowl periphery. It is kept closed
by the sliding bowl bottom (16) which seals
against a seal ring (13) in the bowl hood.
22
At intervals decided by the operator, the sliding

bowl bottom drops to empty the bowl of sediment.
The sediment discharge mechanism, which
controls the sliding bowl bottom, comprises an
operating slide (23) and an operating water
device. Passive parts are: nozzles (18, 26, 27)
and valves (21). The operating water device on
the underside of the bowl supplies operating
water (375) to the discharge mechanism via the
operating water ring (25).
23
Hermetic design
To make the connection of the inlet and outlet
device in top of the bowl airtight (hermetic), it is
equipped with an axial seal of mechanical type.
G0786431
1. Non-rotating sealing device 2. Rotating wear device
(to be handled as one unit) 2A. Wear ring
302. Axial seal water inlet
To lubricate the axial seal sufficiently during the

starting and stopping periods, water must be
supplied through connection 302/(401).
24
2.2.7 Separating function
G0628121
201. Process liquid inlet 3. Paring disc 9. Top disc

220. Cleaned liquid outlet 4. Paring chamber
302. Water inlet 11. Bowl disc stack
375. Operating water inlet 6. Distributor 12. Sediment space
7. Inlet pipe
8. Bowl hood 14. Sediment port
25
Normal operation
Unseparated liquid is fed into the bowl through
the inlet pipe (7) and is pumped via the distributor
(6) towards the periphery of the bowl.
When the liquid reaches slots of the distributor, it
will rise through the channels formed by the disc
stack (11) where it is evenly distributed.
The liquid is continuously cleaned as it travels
towards the centre of the bowl. When the cleaned
liquid leaves the disc stack it rises upwards and
enters the paring chamber (4). From the latter it is
pumped by the paring disc (3) and leaves the
bowl through outlet (220). Sediment and solid
particles are forced towards the periphery of the
bowl and collected in the sediment space (12).
2.2.8 Sediment discharge cycle

The separator discharges a fixed volume of
sediment and water. The discharge volume is
approximately 70% of the sediment space
volume.
Operating water
Operating water (closing and opening water) to
the sliding bowl bottom is supplied through a
distributing cover under the bowl, for closing and
opening functions.
Closing water is supplied during the starting
sequence, during the sediment discharge
sequence and, at intervals (2 seconds every 15
minutes) during the separation sequence. During
the separation sequence the supply of closing
water is to replace possible leakage and is
termed make-up water.
Opening water is supplied simultaneously with the
closing water through the same operating water
inlet (375)
26
Closed bowl (normal operation)

Between discharges the sediment ports (14) are
covered by the sliding bowl bottom (16). The
sliding bowl bottom is normally pressed upwards
against a seal ring (13) by the hydraulic force of
the operating water in the closing water space
(17). This force is greater than the force of the
process liquid above the sliding bowl bottom.
Bowl opens for discharge

When the time for the sediment discharge interval
has elapsed, opening water is fed for about 0,5
seconds overflowing the operating water ring
(25).
The operating water enters the space above the
operating slide (23), which moves downwards.
The drain channels (20) open and the closing
G0628321
water drains out. This allows the force on the
underside of the sliding bowl bottom (16) to
become lower than the force on the upper side. Sediment discharge
The sliding bowl bottom moves downwards and
sediment and water are discharged through ports 201. Oil inlet
(14). 220. Clean oil outlet
302. Water inlet
In the meantime operating water ring (25) and the 375. Operating water inlet
space above the operating slide (23) is
continuously drained through the respective 13. Bowl hood seal ring
nozzles. 14. Sediment port
16. Sliding bowl bottom
17. Closing water space
Bowl closes after discharge 20. Drain channels
21. Drain valve
When opening water supply stops and the 23. Operating slide
opening water above the operating slide (23) has 25. Operating water ring
been drained, the closing water pushes the
operating slide upwards and closes the drain
valves (21).
The closing water which is supplied during the
entire discharge cycle (about 5 seconds), now fills
the space below the sliding bowl bottom (16) and
pushes it back in closed position.
Bowl closing water is supplied during the
sediment discharge sequence and at intervals
during the separation sequence to replace
evaporated water.
27
2.2.9 Flushing
To avoid sediment deposits inside the bowl
401
enclosure and sediment outlet, the separator is
(or can be) equipped with several flushing 30
2
possibilities. One spray nozzle is placed at the top
of the separator (connection 302) to give a spray
that hits the outside of the bowl. By the bowl
rotation the liquid is thrown to the inside of the
frame hood which then will be cleaned.
303
Another flushing inlet (connection 303) is placed
under the bowl for flushing under the bowl.
How to use the flushing possibilities depends on
G1047471
the process and the properties of the product. In
many cases no flushing at all is needed. In other
cases it is only done at CIP (cleaning in place)
and in some cases both at production and CIP. 302 Flushing above the bowl
303 Flushing under the bowl
Normally flushing is done in connection with 401 Inlet for cooling
discharges. A typical sequence is that a few
seconds flush is given to wet the surfaces just
before the discharge. When the main part of the
discharged sediment has drained from the
cyclone a new flush is done to remove the final
part of the sediment. Possibly another flush can
be done after a new draining period. If the
separator is supervised by a control system which
controls the flushing the timers ought to be
adjustable so the flushing can be adapted to suit
the actual requirements.
When making a flush it could be possible to feed
flushing liquid to all flushing connections at the
same time. To minimize the flushing liquid
consumption and dilution of the discharged
sediment it is however of advantage if the
different flushing points could be controlled
individually.
28
2 Separator Basics 2.3 Factors influencing the separation result
2.3 Factors influencing

the separation result
2.3.1 Viscosity and density

See ‘‘2.1.3 Separating temperatures” on page 16.
2.3.2 Size and shape of particles

The round and smooth sediment particle (A) is x
more easily separated out than the irregular one
A
(B).
Rough treatment, for instance in pumps, may B
cause a splitting of the particles resulting in
slower separation. Larger particles (1) are more
easily separated out than smaller ones (2) even if
they have the same density.
2.3.3 Properties of the sediment y
G0613321
Some types of sediment can through adhesion 2 1
form deposits in the bowl, thereby reducing the 1. Large particle
separating efficiency. In such cases the cleaning 2. Small particle
procedure after separation must be adjusted. A. Smooth particle
B. Irregular particle
x. Throughput
y. Particle size
2.3.4 Sediment content
An increased quantity of sediment in a process
liquid will influence the separating result through
the optimum transporting capacity of the disc set.
An increased sediment content can be
compensated by reducing the throughput in order
to restore the optimum separating efficiency.
29
2.3 Factors influencing the separation result 2 Separator Basics
2.3.5 Sediment discharge

With a high content of solids in the process liquid
discharges are required at shorter intervals. An
overfilled sediment space impairs the quality of
the separated liquid. However, keep the discharge
within the min. and max. time stated in chapter
Technical data in the Installation Manual. How to
calculate the discharge interval is described in
‘‘2.4 Sediment discharge interval” on page 32.
If ejecting the sediment unnecessary often, the
separating result will be impaired because of a
more disturbed liquid flow through the bowl and
the sediment will be too fluid (higher content of
process liquid).
G0677711
Never overfill the sediment space
2.3.6 Disc stack
A neglected disc stack – containing deformed
discs or discs coated with deposits – will impair
the separating result.
2.3.7 Throughput
The throughput depends on the separating ability
and the sediment space volume of the bowl
relative to the concentration, particle size, density
and viscosity of the process liquid.
The throughput also depends of the back
pressure in the outlet for separated liquid, see
2.3.8.
G0677511
The sediment space in separator bowl
30
2 Separator Basics 2.3 Factors influencing the separation result
2.3.8 Back pressure regulation

The correct back pressure is dependent on the
throughput of the process liquid. See chapter
Connection list in the Installation Manual for
required back pressure compared with the
throughput.
For best result keep the back pressure as high as
G0677631
possible without leakage from the distributor
occurs.
It is important to set correct back pressure
Be careful not to select too high back pressure,
otherwise there will be a risk of leakage from the
distributor (unseparated process liquid) into the
paring chamber (separated liquid) or from the
paring chamber into the frame hood.
Too low back pressure is, however, unfavourable
too if you want to prevent air from intermingling
with the treated liquid (via the paring chamber).
2.3.9 Sediment discharge

frequency
If ejecting the sediment unnecessary often the
separating result will be impaired because of a
more disturbed liquid flow through the bowl and a
too fluid sediment (higher content of process
liquid).
31
2.4 Sediment discharge interval 2 Separator Basics
2.4 Sediment discharge

interval
The separator is a controlled partial-discharge
type separator which discharges a fixed volume of
sediment. The discharge volume is approximately
70% of the volume outside the disc stack.
The appropriate time to be chosen between
sediment discharges depends on local conditions
because many factors influence accumulation
and hardening of sediment between discharges.
However, keep the discharge interval within the
min. and max. time stated in chapter
Technical data in the Installation Manual.
Long intervals between sediment discharges can
accumulate and compact the sediment. The
sediment may then break-up unevenly on
discharge and cause the bowl to become
unbalanced. If such unbalance is too large, there
is risk of serious separator damage and injury to
personnel.
WARNING
Ensure that correct discharge intervals and

cleaning procedures are used.
Unbalance due to improper washing out of
solids may lead to contact between rotating
and non-rotating parts.
32
2 Separator Basics 2.4 Sediment discharge interval
If the solids content of the process liquid

expressed in per cent by volume of wet sediment
is known or can be established (for instance in a
test-tube centrifuge), the formula below can serve
as a guidance for the selection of sediment
ejection intervals.
t = Theoretic maximum time in minutes

between two ejections.
p = Percent by volume of wet sediment in the
process liquid.
G0697911
Q = Throughput in litres/hour.
1. Total sediment space volume
V = The sediment volume (in litres or dm3)
V. Allowed sediment volume
which may be allowed to accumulate in
the bowl without impairing the
separating result or without packing too
firmly. As a rule, “V” should be maximum
three quarters of the sediment space
volume, calculated from the outer edge of
the top disc.
The sediment space volume for this
separator, which approximately is the same
as nominal discharge volume, can be found
in the chapter Technical data in the
Installation Manual.
33
2.5 Machine plates and safety labels 2 Separator Basics
2.5 Machine plates and

safety labels
Alfa Laval ref. 568056, rev. 0
G0627761
1. Machine plate
Separator type
Serial No. / Year
Product No.
Machine top part
S0061411
Bowl
Machine bottom part
Designation
Max. speed (bowl)
Direction of rotation (bowl)
Speed motor shaft
El. current frequency
Recommended motor power
Max. density of feed
Max. density of sediment
Max. density of operating liquid
Process temperature min./max.
34
2 Separator Basics 2.5 Machine plates and safety labels
3. Safety label
Text on label:
Warning
S00690N1
Read the instruction manuals before installation, operation and
maintenance. Consider inspection intervals.
Failure to strictly follow instructions can lead to fatal injury.
If excessive vibration occurs, stop separator and keep bowl
filled with liquid during rundown.
Out of balance vibration will become worse if bowl is not full.
Separator must stop rotating before any dismantling work is
started.
4. Name plate.
S0063211
6. Power supply frequency.
S0063111
7. Lifting instruction.
A. Space for additional label as specified in the order.

S0069111
B. Space for label indicating representative.
35
2.6 Definitions 2 Separator Basics
2.6 Definitions
Back pressure Pressure in the separator outlet.

Clarification Liquid/solids separation with the intention of separating particles, normally solids,
from a liquid having a lower density than the particles.
Counter pressure See Back pressure.
Density Mass per volume unit. Expressed in kg/m3 at specified temperature, normally at
15 °C.
Intermediate Service Overhaul of separator bowl and inlet/outlet. Renewal of seals in bowl and gaskets
(IS) in inlet/outlet device.
Major Service (MS) Overhaul of the complete separator, including bottom part (and activities included
in an Intermediate Service). Renewal of seals and bearings in bottom part.
Sediment (sludge) Solids separated from a liquid.
Sludge discharge Ejection of sludge from the separator bowl.
Throughput The feed of process liquid to the separator per time unit. Expressed in m3/h or
litre/h.
Viscosity Fluid resistance against movement. Normally expressed in centistoke
(cSt = mm 2/s), at specified temperature.
36
3 Operating Instructions
3.1 Operating routine

These operating instructions describe routine
procedures to follow before and during the start,
running and stopping sequences of the separator.
If there is a System Manual, always follow the
operating instructions of the System Manual. If
there is no System Manual the instructions below
are to be followed.
3.1.1 Ready for start

To achieve the best separation results the bowl
should be in a clean condition.
1. Check that the bolts of the frame hood are
fully tightened.
2. Check that all inlet and outlet connections
have been correctly made and properly
tightened.
S0009821
3. Check that the oil level is in the middle of the
sight glass. Fill if necessary.
See chapters Oil change procedure and
Recommended lubricating oils in the Service MIN
& Maintenance Manual.
G0470121
37
3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions
4. Make sure that the brake is released

(position B).
G0625211
5. Check the direction of rotation of the bowl. B
The direction of rotation can be checked by
comparing the direction of motor fan and the
arrow (⇐) on the machine plate.
The motor fan, which has the same direction
of rotation as the bowl, shall rotate clockwise
seen from above.
WARNING
When power cables have been connected,

always check direction of rotation.
If incorrect, vital rotating parts could unscrew.
38
3 Operating Instructions 3.1 Operating routine
3.1.2 Start
1. If the separator is equipped with an axial
hermetic seal in the in and outlet device, open
the sealing liquid supply (401) before starting
the separator.
NOTE
To reduce the friction between sealing
element and wear ring in the mechanical
seal, these must always be in contact with
liquid when the bowl spindle rotates.
2. Start the separator.

3. Check the separator for vibration. Some
vibration can occur for short periods during
the starting cycle, when the separator passes
through its critical speeds. This is normal and
passes over without danger. Try to learn the
vibration characteristics of the critical speed
pattern.
S0055611
WARNING
When excessive vibration occurs, keep

liquid feed on and stop separator.
The cause of the vibration must be identified
and rectified before the separator is
restarted. Excessive vibration may be due to
incorrect assembly or insufficient cleaning of
the bowl.
4. Check that the time to reach full speed may

not exceed the limit given in chapter
5. When running normally, open the closing
water valve (connection 375) for
approximately 5 seconds to close the bowl.
39
3.1.3 Running
1. Make sure that the outlet for the separated
liquid (220) is fully open.
2. When the process liquid conditions are
correct, open the process liquid feed (201)
and adjust to a suitable throughput. This must
not exceed the flow permissible and must be
suited to the separability of the process liquid,
see chapters Technical data and Connection
list in the Installation Manual for correct
values.
hermetic seal in the in and outlet device,
close the sealing liquid supply (401) during
the period process liquid is fed through the
inlet (201).
4. Discharge by opening the valve for opening
water (connection 375) until a discharge is
heard. For maximum and minimum time for
discharge intervals, see chapter
WARNING
Ensure that correct discharge intervals and

cleaning procedures are used.
Unbalance due to improper washing out of
solids may lead to contact between rotating
and non-rotating parts.
40
5. Daily condition checks

The following steps should be carried out
daily:
a. Check all pipe and hose connections for
leakage.
S0009821
Check for leakages (not admitted)
b. Check that flows and pressures are

sufficient for following connections:
- Process liquid inlet (201)
- Process liquid outlet (220)
- Discharge and make-up liquid (375).
NOTE
Correct flows, pressures etc. for the
connections mentioned can be found in
chapter Connection list in the Installation
Manual.
c. Check the separator for noise and

vibration.
WARNING
S0055611
When excessive vibration occurs, keep bowl Check for vibration

filled and stop separator.
The cause of the vibration must be identified
and rectified before the separator is
restarted.
41
3.1.4 Normal stop

hermetic seal in the in and outlet device, open
the sealing liquid supply (401) before
stopping the feed of process liquid through
inlet (201).
NOTE
To reduce the friction between sealing
element and wear ring in the mechanical
seal, these must always be in contact with
liquid when the bowl spindle rotates.
2. Carry out a sediment discharge before

stopping the separator. Otherwise the bowl
must be cleaned manually before the next
start up.
The volume of the discharged sediment must
be compensated for by additional feed.
3. After discharge, turn off the feed and stop the
separator with the bowl filled with liquid.
4. Apply the brake (position A).
A
G0625221
42
3.1.5 Emergency stop
1. If the separator begins to vibrate excessively

during operation, stop it immediately by
pushing the emergency stop. The separator
motor is switched off.
Keep the oil feed on during the run-down to
minimize the excessive vibration.
S0009911
2. Evacuate the room. The separator may be
hazardous when passing its critical speeds
during the run-down. Push the emergency stop if excessive vibration
WARNING
Do not discharge a vibrating separator.

Out-of-balance vibration can become worse
if only part of the sediment is discharged.
CAUTION
After an emergency stop the cause of the

fault must be identified.
If all parts have been checked and the cause
remains unclear, contact Alfa Laval for
advice.
43
44
4 Trouble-tracing
4.1 Mechanical functions
4.1.1 Separator vibrates
NOTE
Some vibration is normal during the starting and stopping sequences when the separator passes
through its critical speed.
WARNING
If excessive vibration occurs, stop separator and keep bowl filled with liquid during rundown.
The cause of the vibration must be identified and corrected before the separator is restarted.
Excessive vibration may be due to incorrect assembly or poor cleaning of the bowl.
Cause Corrective actions
Bowl out of balance due to: Dismantle the separator and check the
- poor cleaning assembly and cleaning.
- incorrect assembly
- incorrect disc stack compression
- bowl assembled with parts from other
separators.
Uneven sediment deposits in the sediment Dismantle and clean the separator bowl.
space.
Height position of paring disc is incorrect. Stop the separator, measure and if necessary
adjust the height.
Bowl spindle bent (max 0,04 mm). Renew the bowl spindle.
Bearing(s) is damaged or worn. Renew all bearings.
The frame feet are worn out. Renew the frame feet.
Spindle top bearing spring broken. Renew all springs.
45
4.1 Mechanical functions 4 Trouble-tracing
4.1.2 Smell
Brake is applied. Release the brake.
Oil level in oil sump too low. Check oil level and add oil if necessary.
4.1.3 Noise
Too high or too low back pressure in outlet. Adjust.
Oil level in gear housing is too low. Check oil level and add oil if necessary.
Height position of paring disc is incorrect. Stop the separator, measure and adjust the
height.
Incorrect play between brake friction elements Adjust the play.

and belt pulley.
Flat belt is slipping. Tighten the flat belt.
4.1.4 Speed too low

Bowl is not closed or leaking. Dismantle the bowl and check.
Motor failure. Repair the motor.
Bearing(s) damaged. Renew all bearings.
Flat belt is slipping. Tighten the flat belt.
Faulty frequency converter drive. Stop and repair.
4.1.5 Speed too high

46
4 Trouble-tracing 4.1 Mechanical functions
4.1.6 Starting power too high
Liquid flows through the bowl. Stop the flow.
Motor not applicable for actual voltage / Check the rating plate on motor / change
frequency. motor.
Wrong direction of rotation. Change electrical phase connections to the

motor.
4.1.7 Starting power too low
Flat belt slipping. Tighten the flat belt.
4.1.8 Starting time too long
Liquid flows through the bowl. Stop the flow.
Height position of paring disc is incorrect. Stop, check and adjust the height.
Bearing(s) damaged or worn. Renew all bearings.
4.1.9 Retardation time too long
Brake friction element is worn or oily. Renew or clean brake friction brake elements.
47
4.2 Separating functions 4 Trouble-tracing
4.2 Separating functions
4.2.1 Liquid flows through the

bowl casing drain and/or
sediment outlet
Sediment discharge or water draining in None (normal).

progress.
Strainer in operating water line is clogged or Clean the strainer and check water flows:
water pressure is too low. Displacement/conditioning water 1,3 l/min.
Opening water 16 l/min.
Closing water 8 l/min.
Channels in operating device are clogged. Clean the operating device.
O-ring at the flow control disc defective. Renew the O-ring.
Paring chamber defective. Renew the paring chamber.
Seal ring in the bowl hood defective. Renew the seal ring.
Sealing edge of the sliding bowl bottom Smoothen sealing edge of the sliding bowl
defective. bottom or renew it.
Valve plugs are defective. Renew all valve plugs.
Bowl speed too low. See section ‘‘4.1.4 Speed too low” on page 46.
48
4 Trouble-tracing 4.2 Separating functions
4.2.2 Bowl opens accidentally

during operation
Strainer in the operating water supply is Clean the strainer.

clogged.
No water in the operating water system. Check the operating water system and make
sure the valve(s) are open.
Hoses between the supply valves and Correct.

separator are incorrectly fitted.
Nozzles in bowl body clogged. Clean the nozzles.
Square-sectioned ring in sliding bowl bottom is Renew the square-sectioned ring.

defective.
Valve plugs are defective. Renew all plugs.
Supply valve for opening water is leaking. Rectify the leak.
4.2.3 Bowl fails to open for

sediment discharge
Strainer in the operating water supply is Clean the strainer.

clogged.
Water flow too low. Check the opening water flow; 16 l/min.
Hoses between the supply valves and Correct.

separator are incorrectly fitted.
Nozzles in bowl body clogged. Clean the nozzles.
Seal ring in the operating slide is defective. Renew the seal ring.
49
4.2 Separating functions 4 Trouble-tracing
4.2.4 Unsatisfactory sediment

discharge
Valve plugs in the operating slide too high. Renew with correct valve plugs.
Sediment deposits in the operating system. Check and clean the operating system.
Too long discharge interval. Reduce the time between sediment

discharges.
4.2.5 Unsatisfactory separation

result
Incorrect separation temperature. Adjust.
Throughput too high. Adjust.
Disc stack is clogged. Clean disc stack.
Sediment space in bowl is filled. Clean and reduce the time between sediment
discharges.
Bowl speed too low. Examine the motor and power transmission
including the gear ratio.
Bowl rotates i wrong direction. Check the electrical connections to the motor.
50

VNPX 507sgd-31gc-Gcs - Operator's Manual - 2015

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VNPX 507sgd-31gc-Gcs - Operator's Manual - 2015

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Operator’s Manual

High Speed Separator

Product No. 881222-01-04/2

© Alfa Laval Tumba AB October 2015

1.1 Warning signs in text 12

2.1 Basic principles of separation 15

3.1 Operating routine 37

4.1 Mechanical functions 45

Not following the instructions can result in

In order to make the information clear only foreseeable conditions

The centrifuge includes parts that rotate at high

Manufacturing tolerances are extremely fine.

• Use only Alfa Laval genuine spare parts

• When power cables are connected,

• Wear on the large lock ring thread must

• Inspect regularly for corrosion and

• Make sure that rotating parts have come

• To avoid accidental start, switch off and

Assemble the machine completely

• Follow local regulations for electrical

• Use correct lifting tools and follow lifting

• Use ear protection in noisy

• Lubrication oil, machine parts and

Skin irritation hazards

• When using chemical cleaning agents,

• Sharp edges, especially on bowl discs,

• Risk for accidental release of snap rings

• Risk for unhealthy dust when handling

2.1 Warning signs in text

DANGER indicates an imminently

WARNING indicates a potentially

CAUTION indicates a potentially

2.2 Environmental issues

2.4 Remote start

2.1 Basic principles of

Sedimentation in a settling tank, with the outlet

2.1.2 Centrifugal separation

The centrifugal solution

2.1.3 Separating temperatures

Low viscosity (with high temperature)

High density (with low temperature)

Low density (with high temperature)

2.2 Design and function

Never use the separator for separating other

vertical spindle (3).

An unbalance sensor (9) and a speed sensor (8)

2.2.3 Mechanical power

2.2.4 Sensors and indicators

Unbalance sensor (1)

Speed sensor (2)

Sight glass (3)

receiving system where it can damage the system

2.2.6 Process main parts

201. Process liquid inlet 7. Inlet pipe 18. Nozzle *

* Parts effecting a sediment discharge

Inlet and outlet device

Separator bowl and sediment discharge

At intervals decided by the operator, the sliding

To lubricate the axial seal sufficiently during the

2.2.7 Separating function

201. Process liquid inlet 3. Paring disc 9. Top disc

2.2.8 Sediment discharge cycle

Closed bowl (normal operation)