Petro-Canada Engineering Standard Page - Page

Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 1 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................... 2

2.0 DRILLING & SAMPLING............................................................................................ 2

3.0 LABORATORY TESTING .......................................................................................... 3

3.1.1 COHESIVE SOILS ........................................................................................... 4
3.1.2 COHESIONLESS SOILS.................................................................................. 4
3.1.3 MISCELLANEOUS ........................................................................................... 4

4.0 SURVEYS.................................................................................................................. 4

5.0 GEO-TECHNICAL REPORT...................................................................................... 5

 Petro-Canada Engineering Standard Page - Page
Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 2 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This standard provides for Petro-Canada Products (PCP) minimum requirements for
a geotechnical investigation program at a specified location.

1.2 The investigation shall include field drilling and sampling, laboratory testing, an
engineering evaluation of conditions encountered, recommendations and issuance
of a report. The report shall include all field and laboratory data gathered, their
interpretations and recommendations.

1.3 The methods of sampling both field and laboratory testing shall be performed in
accordance with the latest edition of ASTM standards or other generally accepted
and approved procedures.

2.0 DRILLING & SAMPLING

2.1 No drilling shall begin until an "excavation permit" has been issued by the refinery.

2.2 Before the drilling program begins, the consultant must discuss the program with the
PCP Representative. The holes shall be shown on the Borehole Location drawing.

2.3 Required depth of borings shall be as shown on borehole location plans. It shall,
however, be ensured that the depth of competent material has been determined and
all the required information has been obtained. If bedrock is encountered, drilling
shall be carried at least 10'-0" into the bedrock and cores shall be obtained for
laboratory tests. If bedrock is not encountered within reasonable depths and the
subcontractor, in agreement with the Engineer, decides not to drill into bedrock then
drilling shall be carried out at least 10'-0" into the competent material.

2.4 Depth(s) of holes to be drilled shall be finalized in agreement with the Engineer in
the field.

2.5 The work shall be performed using equipment of suitable type and in good operating
condition. The equipment shall be capable of boring, sampling and testing below
the water level and preventing side wall collapse.

2.5.1 In general, bore holes shall be advanced by "hollow stem auger". Boring shall be a
minimum 3" in diameter, and larger where undisturbed samples are required.
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Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 3 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

2.6 Undisturbed samples shall be taken for cohesive soils at any change in strata, and
at 5'-0" intervals within a given stratum. In areas where soil properties change
rapidly with depth, samples shall be taken at smaller intervals. Standard Penetration
tests should be conducted close to the levels where undisturbed samples are taken.

2.7 Standard Penetration values must be provided for cohesionless soils.

2.8 Groundwater levels in bore holes shall be recorded after the water level has
stabilized. Open stand pipes and pneumatic piezometers shall be installed in the
boreholes at locations to be selected by the geotechnical consultant. The location(s)
and numbers of these instruments shall be agreed upon between the Consultant
and the Engineer.

2.9 They shall be monitored soon after installation and then after a period of 14 days.
Proper protective measures such as a cap and locking device shall be installed on
these piezometers.

2.9.1 The piezometer shall be suitably sealed and capped if it is to be eventually

abandoned.

2.10 Soils resistivity measurements shall be taken within the boundaries shown on
boreholes location drawings. Method of resistance measurement shall be per
I.E.E.E. 80 (three point system). Test results are to be submitted in the written
report. The report shall include ohm-meter values obtained and location of test
points.

2.11 Low strain down-hole seismic survey shall be carried out to evaluate dynamic soil
properties at the sites. These are required for structural and machine foundation
designs.

3.0 LABORATORY TESTING

3.1 Sufficient tests shall be performed to permit the development of geotechnical design
for earthwork and site development including roads and foundation design criteria.
The number and location of these tests shall be finalized after a review of field logs
by the Engineer and Consultant. Tests on representative samples may include, but
not necessarily be limited to, the following:
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Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 4 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

3.1.1 COHESIVE SOILS

➣ Natural moisture content

➣ In-situ density
➣ Grain size analysis
➣ Atterberg limits
➣ Consolidation tests including rebound
➣ Shear strength tests (unconfined compression tests)
➣ Compaction tests
➣ Swell tests

3.1.2 COHESIONLESS SOILS

➣ Specific gravity
➣ Grain size analyses

3.1.3 MISCELLANEOUS

➣ Water soluble sulfate content

➣ pH
➣ Soil resistivity
➣ CBR (both soaked and unsoaked)
➣ Other tests as required for recommendations (See 5.2.7)

3.2 Spare soil samples shall be retained for possible additional testing in future. These
samples shall be properly stored for 6 months. The Engineer shall be notified before
these samples are discarded.

3.3 Data points shall be shown on all plots of test data included in the report.

4.0 SURVEYS

4.1 All the drilled holes shall be surveyed by a qualified surveyor under the supervision
of the geotechnical consultant. A permanent bench mark shall also be established.
Both the elevations and co-ordinates of the drill holes shall be provided in the report.
The co-ordinate system shall be consistent with the existing system, where
applicable.
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Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 5 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

4.2 Existing underground lines and obstructions will be staked by the Owner before
drilling commences. Location of boreholes may be field adjusted to suit
underground lines. PCP approval, by means of the "excavation permit", shall be
obtained before drilling is commenced on these field adjusted holes.

5.0 GEO-TECHNICAL REPORT

5.1 A draft copy of the report shall be submitted immediately after the field and
laboratory work is finished. The format for the contents of the final report shall be
approved by the Engineer before the report is issued.

5.2 Six (6) copies of final report shall be submitted to PCP.

5.3 The final form of the report shall include the following:

5.3.1 A map showing the location of all boreholes and their elevations referenced to the
refinery datum.

5.3.2 The geological and stratigraphic evaluation of the area.

5.3.3 A brief discussion of field drilling and sampling procedures and equipment.

5.3.4 A log of each boring showing the following:

➣ Ground elevation with respect to refinery datum.

➣ Co-ordinate location using the refinery co-ordinate system.
➣ Depth below ground level to the top of each stratum and final depth of boring.
➣ Description of each stratum, including description per the Unified Soil
Classification System.
➣ Location of samples and method of sampling.
➣ Location and resulting values of penetration tests.
➣ Groundwater elevation and dates recorded.
➣ Date and time at beginning and completion of the boring.
➣ Type of drilling equipment used.
 Petro-Canada Engineering Standard Page - Page
Petro-Canada
Norme d’ingénierie 6 of 6
de

Standard - Norme
B-40-4

Approved by - Approuvé par Subject - Objet Date - Date

S. GIANNANGELO CIVIL 1990-10-05
GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
Primary User - Usager Principal
REFINING

5.3.5 Description of laboratory tests performed and data obtained from these tests.

5.3.6 Summary of soil properties obtained from various tests required for the site
preparation and foundation design at the site.

5.3.7 Discussions and recommendation with respect to:

➣ Recommendations and discussions for site preparation including roads and

parking areas.
➣ Recommended foundation types and depths (deep and shallow foundations).
➣ Allowable bearing values at various recommended depths for spread
foundations. Allowable bearing should be indicated as being gross or net
values.
➣ Allowable passive and active pressure to resist horizontal loads.
➣ Dynamic soil properties for vibratory loading (machine foundations), including
shear modulus "G", Young's modules "E", Poisson's ratio "µ", dampening factor
"D", and bulk unit weight "Y" for dynamic analysis.
➣ Recommended type of concrete pile and allowable capacities for uplift and
lateral loads. Allowable capacity of end-bearing type piles and allowable skin
friction values at various depths for friction type piles. Effects of group pile
action and recommended minimum spacing of piles.
➣ Load-settlement curves for recommended foundation types.
➣ Difficulties in excavating the site, if any.
➣ Suitability of soils at the site for use in compacted fills.
➣ Criteria for placing compacted fills.
➣ Corrosive effects of the soil on carbon steel pipe.
➣ Possibility of harmful sulfate action on concrete below ground and advisability of
using sulfate- resistant Portland cement.
➣ Discussions on frost susceptibility of soils at the site and recommendations
regarding foundation designs for freeze-thaw conditions.
➣ Soils resistivity data.
➣ General recommendations on excavation, shoring, subsurface drainage system,
backfilling and transition between structures founded at different depths.