Name:

Class:

Date:

UNIT 5 – Statistics and Probability

Topic: Sets
Learning Objective:

[ ] Know what a ‘set’ is

[ ] Understand the notation used with sets

[ ] Know the special sets of numbers including: , , , and

Task on Entry

1. What is the definition of a rational number? 2. What are the counting numbers?
A number which can be written The whole numbers from 1 .

where p and 9
in the form Pq- i. e. 1 ,
2
,
3,
4 ,
5 . . .

are integers .

3. How many students are in this class? 4. How many students in this class wear glasses?

5. How many students are in this grade? 6. Give an example of an irrational number

TT
,
E 53
,

7. Prove algebraically that 0. 06 can be written as

GIE :%%%f"%=Es
-

100N = 6.060606 .
i

99N = 6 : .

0.06=3-3
8. Beatrice says that 1.99999999… is basically the same as 2. Jamie disagrees. Who is right? Hint: Q7.

:÷÷:÷f•=¥=z
s102=19.99999
92=18
i.
Beatrice is correct i.9=2 !!

Be Prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself

Skill: Sets

What is a set?

collection of
a numbers or
objects
For example:
If is the number of students in this maths class, then
M =
{
If is the number of students in this class with glasses, then

G- {=

Important Notation
“is an element of” The number of elements in a set

C- The number of
elements in G-
is written as

n (G) =

“is NOT an element of”

Empty sets Finite Set

The set of vowels V

{} or
has 5 elements
✓ { a. e. i. o u }
=
,

There NIV ) -5 -

are no : -

V is a finite set
elements in an
Infinite Sets
empty set
The set of even numbers
E has an infinite
number of elements

E={ 2,4 6,8 ,

. . . }
: .
E is a infinite set

Be prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself

Special Sets
← is

µ
"
The INTEGERS
"

NATURAL NUMBERS The positive INTEGERS

or
counting numbers

→ ← →
→
• @ • • • • • • or • • so • • • •
so • • a •

Remember:O is not
positive OR
negative !

All the All the

RATIONAL numbers REAL numbers
10 i. e. the ones we can
place on a number line
I
f-
¥) ¥ 52 IT -2

¥ 0.5 2. all rational § irrational numbers

f- E)
Ftz 715g .
.
.
.

✗ F- = undefined ✗ fz-fzign-ag.MY

odd
{ numbers} not )=9
8EP k¢s 14€

True True True True

False True True

False

Be prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself

 =

? =

-8T =¥ =

-1¥ =D

rational rational rational i. irrational

i. i. i.
i. rational

9.tl#=qj76-=undefwied=O--q:.neither--
=Bi =r4Foo
2×10 i. neither
rational
=20=¥ i. rational i.

i. rational

REMINDER: Composite numbers have more than 2 factors

i )A={ 1.2.3.63
i )B={ 6,12 ,
18 . . . } i )C={ 1,173
iilttisatiniteset ii ) Bisaninfinitesetiilcisafiniteset
Iii )N1A iii )n(c) =2
)nlA)=4
iii

i )D=E /
7. 34,51 } .
.
i
)E={ 2,315,711,13 i
)F={ 12114,15 16,18
,
,
Ii)Disan infinite set 17,19 } 292422,24
Ii / Eisafiniteset
,

iii. NIA 25.26.27.283

iii )n( E) =8 iifisatiniteset
iii )nlFl=B

Be prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself

 R 0.7777 2=0.414141 2=0.324324
(
-_ -

Gloor
.
. . . .

. . .

Ion 00K
__
7.7777 . . -
-_
41.414141 >
-_

324.324324 . .
.

✗
.

R -0.7777 0.324324
=

. . -

a- 0.414141 . . -
.
. .

9x=7 99x=4l 9992=324

-71g
x

-3¥ ;¥z=?¥¥
"

a=¥a

Because itisa terminating Iis the setof integers

decimal and can therefore be e-
g { 0,1--1,1=2,1--3 }
fraction # ginkgos)
. . .

If
represented as a-

%:÷j"f←¥=
a
aqqq . . .

,
0-52,7--0=1%7-0 i. rational a
-0.999 :O .
-9<-2

B- + -52=0 Exist Too -_

10
,I
=
=

rational =¥
rational
i.
i.

Hence statement is false Hence , statement is false

! There’s a puzzle for you on the next page…

-

Be prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself

 Einstein's riddle

The situation

1. There are 5 houses in five different colours.

2. In each house lives a person with a different nationality.
3. These five owners drink a certain type of beverage, smoke a certain brand of cigar and keep a
certain pet.
4. No owners have the same pet, smoke the same brand of cigar or drink the same beverage.

Brit @

NHnD@aerman0re.I
The question is: Who owns the fish?

:%¥E÷
Hints

is
h
the Brit lives in the red house
the Swede keeps dogs as pets .
14 the Dane drinks tea
4 the green house is on the left of the white house
5 the green house's owner drinks coffee
12 the person who smokes Pall Mall rears birds
7 the owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill
1 the man living in the centre house drinks milk
2 the Norwegian lives in the first house
13 the man who smokes blends lives next to the one who keeps cats

¥
the man who keeps horses lives next to the man who smokes Dunhill
the owner who smokes BlueMaster drinks beer
the German smokes Prince
3 the Norwegian lives next to the blue house
9 the man who smokes blend has a neighbour who drinks water

House
Yellow Blue Red Green White

Nationality Norwegian Dane Brit German Swede

Drink Water tea milk Cottee beer

smoke Dunhill Blends Pallmall Prince bluemaskr

Pet Cats Horses Birds Fish Dogs

Be prepared – Show Respect – Challenge Yourself