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Pre-Calculus: Quarter 2 - Module 6
Pre-Calculus: Quarter 2 - Module 6
Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 6:
Trigonometric Identities
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Trigonometric Identities
First Edition, 2020
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i
For the learner:
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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
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What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
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the module.
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What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
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answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
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We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Conic Sections and System of Nonlinear Equations. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
1
What I Know
Find how much you already know about the topic in this module. Take note of the
items that you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer as you
go through this module. In all types of test, choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
3. The _____________ of two angles is the sum of the product of their cosines
and the product of their sines.
A. Sine Sum Identity C. Cosine Sum Identity
B. Sine Difference Identity D. Cosine Difference Identity
4. The _____________ of two angles is equal to the product of sine of the first and
the cosine of the second plus the product of the cosine of the first and the
sine of the second.
A. Sine Sum Identity C. Cosine Sum Identity
B. Sine Difference Identity D. Cosine Difference Identity
2
8. What identity used in the second step?
A. Reciprocal Identity C. Cosine Sum and Sine Sum
Identities
B. Ratio Identity D. Cofunction Identity
15. The range R of a projectile fired at an acute angle θ with the horizontal and
with an initial velocity of v meters per second is given by R = sin(2θ),
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 near the m/sec 2
Earth’s surface. An archer targets an object 100 meters away from her
position. If she positions her arrow at an angle of . How much speed she
needed to release the arrow to hit her target?
3
Lesson
Trigonometric Identities
1
In the previous lessons, we have defined circular functions using the unit
circle and also investigated their graphs. This lesson builds on the understanding
of the different trigonometric functions by discovery, deriving, and working with
trigonometric identities.
What’s In
ACTIVITY 1
Complete the table below and answer the following questions:
4
What’s New
ACTIVITY 2
Consider the following two groups of equations:
Solve the equations in both group and answer the following questions:
What is It
Some equations are always true. These equations are called identities. An
identity is an equation that is true for all acceptable values of the variable, that is,
for all values in the domain of the equation.
In What’s New activity, the equations in Group B are all identities. When
they are solved, a true statement such as 0 = 0 results, which means that the
solution set is the all real numbers, an infinitely many solutions.
5
The truth of some equations is conditional upon the value chosen for the
variable. Such equations are called conditional equations. Conditional equations
are equations that are true for at least one replacement of the variable and false for
at least one replacement of the variable.In other words, if some values of the
variable in the domain of the equation do not satisfy the equation (that is, do not
make the equation true), then the equation is a conditional equation.
Equations in Group A are all conditional equations because not all real
values of the variable can satisfy the equation. Consider the equation x 2 1 0 .
This has two solutions (or roots) x 1 or x 1 when solved.
(1) x3 2 x 3 2 x 2 3 2 x 3 4
(2) sin cos 1
2 2
Solution
(1) This is an identity because this is simply factoring of di↵ erence of two
cubes.
(2) This is a conditional equation. If 0 , then the left-hand side of
the equation is 0, while the right-hand side is 2.
(3) This is also a conditional equation. If 0 , then both sides of the
equation are equal to 0. But if , then the left-hand side of the
equation is 0, while the right-hand side is 2 .
(4) This is an identity because the right-hand side of the equation is
obtained by rationalizing the denominator of the left-hand side.
𝑦
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑦 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 a 𝜃
𝑦 𝑥
𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝜃
𝑥 𝑦
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If P(x,y) is the terminal point on the unit circle corresponding to , then
. Since sin = y and cos = x, we get
In addition to the eight identities presented above, we also have the following
identities.
The first two of the negative identities can be obtained from the graphs of the
sine and cosine functions, respectively. The third identity can be derived as follows:
7
The reciprocal, quotient, Pythagorean, and even-odd identities constitute
what we call the fundamental trigonometric identities. We can use these identities
to simplify trigonometric expressions.
tan cos
Example 1. Simplify:
sin
sin
Solution: We know that tan , so we subtitute this in the
cos
expression. Then we have
sin
cos
tan cos cos sin
1.
sin sin sin
cos
Example 2. Simplify:
cot
cos
Solution: Since cot , then we have
sin
cos cos
sin .
cot cos
sin
Solution:
cos2 cos2 tan 2 cos2 1 tan 2 cos2 sec2 cos2
1
cos2
1.
3
Example 4. If sin and cos 0 , find cos .
4
1. Work on the expression on both sides of the equality sign until the
members of the equation become identical; or better
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2. Start on the expression on one side of the proposed identity (preferably
the complicated side), use and apply some of the already established
fundamental trigonometric identities, perform some algebraic
manipulations like performing the fundamental operations, factoring,
canceling, and multiplying the numerator and denominator by the same
quantity, to finally arrive at the expression on the other side of the
proposed identity.
1
Solution: sin sec cot sin cot Reciprocal Identity
cos
sin
cot Simplify.
cos
tan cot Quotient Identity
1 Reciprocal Identity
1
Solution: sec x cos x cos x
cos x
1 cos 2 x
cos x
sin 2 x
cos x
sin x
sin x
cos x
sin x tan x
There is no unique technique to prove all identities, but familiarity with
the di↵ erent techniques may help
The cosine of the sum of two angles is equal to the product of their
cosines minus the product of their sines.
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The cosine of the difference of two angles is equal to the product of their
cosines plus the product of their sines.
1 2 3 2
2 2 2 2
2 6
4 4
2 6
4
or
1
4
2 6 .
B. Cofunctions Identities
The first two cofunction identities are used to derived the sine of the sum of
two angles.
The sine of the sum of two angles is equal to the product of the sine of the
first and the cosine of the second plus the product of the cosine of the first and the
sine of the second.
10
The sine of the difference of two angles is equal to the product of the sine
of the first and the cosine of the second minus the product of the cosine of the first
and the sine of the second.
2 3 2 1
2 2 2 2
6 2
4 4
6 2
4
or
1
4
6 2 .
Using the sum identities for sine and cosine, and then dividing the
numerator and denominator by cos A cos B, the tangent sum identity is derived.
Example 9. Find the exact value of tan in terms of radicals.
12
3
tan tan 1
4 6 3 2 3 .
Solution: tan tan
12
4 6 1 tan tan 3
1
4 6 3
In general, the identity formulas for the cosecants, secants and cotangents
can readily be obtained from sines, cosines, and tangents.
11
E. Double Angle Identities
cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B and sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B ,
when A B , we can derive then the double angle identities. So,
cos 2 A cos A cos A sin A sin A cos2 A sin 2 A . This identity has two other
forms: cos 2 A 1 2 sin 2 A and cos 2 A 2 cos2 A 1 .
Also,
sin 2 A sin A cos A cos A sin A 2 sin A cos A .
For the double-angle formula for tangent, we recall the tangent sum identity:
tan A tan B
tan A B
1 tan A tan B
When A B , we obtain
tan A tan A 2 tan A
tan 2 A
1 tan A tan A 1 tan 2 A
3
Example 10. Given sin t and t . Find sin 2t .
5 2
Solution: Since t (t lies in QIII), then cost 0 (negative). So,
2
2
3 4
cost 1 sin t 1 .
2
5 5
3 4 24
Thus, sin 2t 2 sin t cos t 2 .
5 5 25
1
Example 11. If tan and sec 0 , find tan 2 .
3
12
1
2
2 tan
3 3
Solution: tan 2 .
1 tan
2
1
2
4
1
3
The double-angle identities can be used to derive identities for the squares of
the cos A , sin A , and tan A :
F. Half-Angle Identities
1 cos 2 A 1 cos 2 A
Using the two identites cos A and sin A
2 2
, and
2 2
A
replacing A with , we then get the half-angle identities for sine and cosine:
2
A 1 cos A A 1 cos A
cos sin
2 2 2 2
A A A
The appropriate sines of cos and sin depend on which quadrant lies.
2 2 2
From the half-angle identities of cosine and sine, we can derive the tangent
half-angle identities:
Solution: Clearly, 22.5 lies in QI and so, sin 22.5 is positive, and 22.5
is the half angle of 45 . Thus,
2 2 2
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin 22.5 .
2 2 4 2
13
Example 12. Find the exact value of tan .
12
3
1 cos 1
6 2 2 3
Solution: tan .
12 1
sin
6 2
Example 13. The length s of the shadow cast by a vertical pole when angle of
h sin 90
the sun with the horizontal is given by s , where h is the height of
sin
the pole.
Solution:
14
Example 14. The range R of a projectile fifired at an acute angle with the
horizontal and with an initial velocity of v meters per second is given by
v2
R sin 2 ,
g
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (which is 9.8 m / s 2 near Earth’s surface).
(a) An archer targets an object 100 meters away from her position. If she
positions her arrow at an angle of 32 and releases the arrow at the
speed of 30 m / s , will she hit her target?
2
(b) If sin , solve for v when R 50 .
5
(c) Given v , fifind the value of that gives the largest possible range. At this
, what is the range?
Solution:
sin 2 32
900 m 2 / s 2
sin 64 82.46 m 100 m.
9.8 m / s 2 9.8 m / s 2
2 21
(b) sin and is an acute angle. This implies that sin . So,
5 5
v2
50 sin 2
9.8 m / s 2
v2
50 2 sin cos
9.8 m / s 2
v2 2 3
50 2
2 v 25.86 m / s
9.8 m / s 5 5
(c) 45 . To reach the largest R , sin 2 must be 1. This implies that
v2
R .
g
15
What’s More
ACTIVITY 3
Determine whether the given equation is an identity or conditional equation.
1. 3x 2 8x 4 4. sin 2 t cos2 t 1
x2
2. x 2 14 x 49 x 7 5. x x 1
2
1 x
3. tan cot
ACTIVITY 4
Presented below the step by step derivation of certain trigonometric identity. Justify
how each step was done by identifying what Trigonometric Identity or Property was
used in each step.
1. Tangent Sum Identity
sin A B
Step1: tan A B a) _______________
cos A B
Step4: tan A B
2 tan A
c) _______________
1 tan A tan B
ACTIVITY 5
The main focus of this module is to master the trigonometric identities. Then used
these trigonometric identities to identify the trigonometric values. In this activity,
provide your complete solution and final answer.
16
What I Have Learned
ACTIVITY 6
1. A/an _________is an equation that is true for possible values of the variable.
4. The _____________ of two angles is the sum of the product of their cosines and
the product of their sines.
5. The _____________ of two angles is equal to the product of sine of the first and the
cosine of the second plus the product of the cosine of the first and the sine of the
second.
ACTIVITY 7
Complete the trigonometric identity.
1.
2.
5.
ACTIVITY 8
Let’s Stretch Out! Provide your evaluation from the given solution of Ebenezer.
The Problem. Ebenezer shows the solution in finding the value of cos360 – cos720.
His solutions are as follows. You are task to evaluate if the solution is right or
wrong. Circle the correct mark, / for correct, and x for wrong step.
= / x
= / x
17
( )– ( )
= / x
( )– ( )
= / x
by Half-Angle Identity
= / x
= / x
= / x
What I Can Do
ACTIVITY 9
The length s of the shadow cast by a
vertical pole when the angle of the sun
with the horizontal is given by
h sin 90
s where h is the height
sin
of the pole.
b) At what angle will give the shortest shadow of the pole? Longest
shadow?
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Assessment
Now, let us find out how much you have learned from this module. In all types of
test, choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. A/an _________is an equation that is true for possible values of the variable
A. Identity
B. Conditional Equation
C. Trigonometric Identity
D. Trigonometric Function
4. The _____________ of two angles is equal to the product of sine of the first and
the cosine of the second minus the product of the cosine of the first and the
sine of the second.
A. Sine Sum Identity
B. Sine Difference Identity
C. Cosine Sum Identity
D. Cosine Difference Identity
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Consider the derivation below in answering 7 to 9.
A. Reciprocal Identity
B. Ratio Identity
C. Cosine Sum and Sine Sum Identities
D. Cofunction Identity
A. Reciprocal Identity
B. Ratio Identity
C. Cosine Sum and Sine Sum Identities
D. Cofunction Identity
B. √
C. √
D. 2sin750cos750
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12. Which of the following is the exact value of sin150?
√ √
A.
√ √
B.
√ √
C.
√ √
D.
13. Which of the following are the value of siny and cosx respectively?
√ √
A. ;
√ √
B. ;
√ √
C. ;
√ √
D. ;
√ √
A. ( )
√ √
B. ( )
√ √
C. ( )
√ √
D. ( )
15. The range R of a projectile fired at an acute angle θ with the horizontal
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Additional Activities
ACTIVITY 10
Simplify the trigonometric expression using trigonometric identities.
2.
3. (sinA- cosA)2
4. (cotA-1)(cotA+1)
5. 4
6.
22
23
What I Know What's In What's More
1. B 1. reciprocal with each A.3
2. C other.
3. D 1. Conditional
2. reciprocal with each
4. A 2. Identity
other.
5. D 3. Conditional
3. reciprocal with each
6. B 4. Identity
other.
7. B 5. Conditional
4. tan x is the quotient
8. C or ratio of sinx and cos
9. B A.4
x
10.D 5. cot x is the quotient 1.
11.D or ratio of cos x and sin a) Ratio Identity;
12.B x b) Cosine and Sine
13.A 6. 1 Sum Identities
14.D a) 1 c) Ratio Identity
15.B b) 1
c) 1 2.
7. True a) Sine Sum Identity
8. False
What's In 9. False A.5
A.1
What's New 1.
A.2
rad
1.
(A1)
(A2)
(A3)
2. 2.
(B1) all real numbers
(B2) all real numbers
(B3) all real numbers
3.
Group A: conditional
equations ss
Group B: indentity
equations
Answer Key
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What's More Assessment
A.6 1. A
2. C
1. Identity 3. C
2. Conditional 4. B
Equation 5. C
3. Trigonometric 6. C
Identity 7. D
4. Cosine Difference 8. C
5. Sine Sum 9. D
10.D
A.7 11.D
1. cscA 12.B
2. 1 13.A
3. sin 2A 14.D
4. cscA 15.B
5. 1
A.8 Additional
1. / 6./
2. / 7./ Activities
3. / 8./
4. / 9./ 1. sec A
5. / 10./
2. sin A
3. 1+sin 2A
What I Can Do
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
4.
A.9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
5. 4(sin A +1)
a)
b) Shortest shadow 6. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴
occurs at . But
the length of the
shadow increases when
the value of
approaches ; that is,
no maximum length
for the shadow
References
Bernabe, J.G., et. al., (2009). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics.
Textbook Fourth Year Mathematics Revised Edition (Government Property).
SD Publication, Inc., 1251 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Quezon City,
Philippines
Deauna, Lamayo and. 1990. Integrated Mathematics 4. 1992: Rex Book Store.
Mendoza, Oronce and. 2007. e-math Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry. Quezon
City: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Mijares, Quirino. 1969. Analytic Geometry. Quezon City: Royal Publishing House.
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EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools
beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations.
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