Oit-

Tnroduchon

in c h i c h he aaving trachue
The locaneion is called Elechie trochorn
elechme motors
tained Ro
*usod in
a) e l e c i c r a l n s

b) Tsam cars

c) Trolley b u s e s

ok
Diesel- elechic vehielas
d)

rachon 5yskms
hachon syskms
Non elechnc

do net u6e elechical ênea

s t e m engine d'nve
ICE
Flechnc rachon sysems
a.

usos Elechic gnesa

centained
vehiclos ( ) locomohives
) e
E Bate-elechic dive
Diaseelochncdive.
b) vehicles which seceive elecmc poueT on a diskmbuhor
o suîrably placod
De
Tramuays rolley buse.s supplied wih
Sipp
Keurements a an tdeal hrachan Sysem

i g h oadhe.sien coahianh
lo comokue t s h a l l bo sei contained
3 inimum weaq on tha ack
 Possiblo to overlood h e
eqw pment sroi
6 Polluhon Ree
6 ensy Speed conol.
7 Do
interherend lo he communiohen ne

Dibheaen ysums trochon

shearm engine.dive
*Recipre caing ona ire is uses o 2ehng he
hecessm PeuoESY
mesHy used in underdevelopia Counies
canteas
simpicihy in design
a) Simped matn e nana
)
3) Ey peed conol
L4Ne nFerherenca. i h commuiccoion
5) peai on od
)Low capia cos
ciependabiGhy
Disaduonages
)Lo hevmal ebbi ciency
a)tow adhesien eh
mere e-pai
cien
ad
mainenane -
Exlensne and cosHy auxilioy
5) ead's lmihd eqipmen
 is about nsy
undes nmal speed, cienY

in veskmen
foih al
lu
*Se contaunsd tun
* a s y Simple.coohol

Vey slople braking syslo

dcourhy dsics
cheap dvie toi outersburbs
aisadvanmqas
Limd oveglocd capacíly
conhol

box is
essenhal js peed
*ge Cosks
kenance
mauy
and
un nin
is short
pon &he.

I.cenaine elechicdive,

d u c i o n gear oand gea box owe eliminae

*Diesel engine doives he. De generatoo

used
* a l w s k and locomohves ono. beig tdidoly

Aduantoqes
LoD inihal iovostment
RAs Ho locomohva. and haury is sel, conained unik

con be. put oto se>vica. o ong moment

Oveall ohieen is qrenes than seam locomohves

Pouelo9s is Anall
 Lmitod ovenleb od
Copau
ta rurnia nd nointasonc osr
c.omparahvely cosHue7
eqenesahve brakig aonno be. uses
pecial ceeung iysh s
Tequired
petsol- elecic tsachen:-
POvidos -fno ond conhnuous
Conhro
honlomesod buses.
55 aHery elechicdm ve-
Aeco mohya con eshe. Aecoy battenes uie)
Supply Pooes ho DC morees employed for daving
Vebi cle
*el Bi red t a frequenty operalid Senvice h a

hos loc dolivery o goods io

lage aons.
*Sored by Series parelleh qrouping e bataies in p
ma
bor saring and
running a speed upho E
hal
and in Seres tos runnng ak full max Speed
Speed

Advonegea6
O . 0 3 Fo Conkrol
&Lod maintenance CasE
No Polluk

Disodvaaop.s

frequent char
Jtm?led bpee d ran
 means elechic
mploss ohi ch
ob
doive hy onf. d
ad disbibuhon ysem This is mosly used o
Nert

Advapeyo-
railways
Sutable for udergund
melos ukli sed hove high sas ng torque.

mamenance
cosr isSo% oh steom locomoho
is moe
ocbicient
*adhesion

hing is employed
veg enemhve bra
Disadvanfag
nvsulhs habbic dislcahon fa hours
paer 4ailure
*elechijied nxtes

infeshesance. i s poseiblo
*elechmcal

Aslems o Railuwoselec.hihicahon

1500u, GO0OU.
De s y s m - 6 o o u , 1EoV,
and 5otHz
15o95 kv 1 6 , 2 5
-ACSysem
33to3.6ky at 164z
3-pAcsysl
Composie syst
sysemi- for egeneahe
D e sees motor ae employed
used
oxoina
a Compound motoíS ave.

m i l 4 s - 60o to 750v De LSed

rebon Subusan
ep
ISn ko soooy dcused
man line ailanys
Goo to 7soV De Ccducko Yad)
la Cirore n s

500 ko 50OV DC
m)cuorenk
 he Substahn high voltage 3-psupply dis cony
ino lo votage 1-P Supply i t help o
Then equired lou vol age AC
ScotConneck
is
convered o t
suitable. convenotens
The dshibuhon Syser) Corsisks oh
ond a hack r i 3dphase
aOehed tire
To
eyslm, Tnducho)
nc moloss employedio hs
byslen cge bimple Tobus and give goub le-
perahon.
fret.
higb iclenu and Can
ack as generolor

Disacvanrages-
no suiabe fes pajalld opelahon
noFi ade bes crossings and jnshions
Used in Some hilly areas hete oukpu pouwer is
hig d egenegojon on tatge S o l is possible

Com posil. sysltns-

a) 1- ko 3-? CKancdosyslim)
b)1- o De
Kando sysioi-
1-?, 6ky, 5oHz > 3-p SuPPy
3- Induchonmoos

CVotaqe is compucaed dotinmly 3- sys

ConueTelacad coihkardosysiy
vaiabla ieq og 4 to 9Hz
tred
quoto-frequon ska_ks Procucas high slahn
tosue whou akung excesmue C e
stale pho
a5kN, 5o tz b y epdoror hLe
coovested o Dc De Se-mes roc
Tachonrocro
euans

1) Hah skong bbieien

a) hgh ache3i) coobcien
Less numbe 3ub-Stahons
4) ree tlezibfu
Discdvontage-
l e d s Fo walancing o Supply

I psocuces ineere nce. In telecommunimhon

cicuirs

Ypes ob Talluay Seavices

-

fre quenkskops < 1km

Ciy usbo svico psetadahe
high ac celerahon
Suburbar Seovco
averaq a3 30K
8 o p disanca.
3 Mai lina Sesv Co 2So3okm
cceleahon p
high ala
Tetardahn is neena

noue
Opesahion is eves longer
btops ae 1oequer
t) Man.hve faeigbtervia
rica
C) Local å pickup-fseghk
Setvico..

ahunh2
 ) slop gives aCcelemh om cd
velaydahon a
he co. may &e

Avea vepr* senks the.distunca

i, Eneny -fe prpulkion dan be akulaed i
ess ne lo the ohim o haun is knrwn

Speat- hme. attve-

a) donsun
accele mhon pexiod
Cb) Acelesahon
Ce)ee vunnina Peiuod
(d) coashog
(e) Braki
O constn acceleahon peiod (oloti):
Tnchion mooss acce levatu hiem Tes

Cument aken by motos hachve ebhotare

Poaci caly conshan

notehing periecd, vepresened by porion ol

Pceer akion on Speed Cireve. (tto t):
a f n sH Conh nues o accelerae along curve M

Duin his peaiod, he motor Cur entond foqu

decseae as kaun Spoed

Henca acaleaion gmdually +*l toque. deve
by metes exacly balames haF due. ho esisn
to he. roin mohon
Ate
hain aHains ha nax
speed. Duming this (emod
ins runs
runs a
a rhcon
. skant speed atained at and
sauns
the
consn Pocwer1s draon

v e p r e s e n e
d by povh o n MN

doasing t 3 o t s ) ; -

+At tz, he
poder Supply
1s
cutohb ard he hounis
o r u n uncdes is aon momenum
allowed
Shars
Specd o, houn
ob Speed du379 Coashng peoiod is
decseo3e
The rak o
known aas Coashna vetavciah e n Cconsant)
oh He hE o haun,
de siabla aînca. îr uiizes
Some

othendise be wasled duing bmking

seprosenkd by perhom Np

Erahing ( to s)
roa Skop
a d he. roun is brought
rol
aKas ae applied

seeTuning
M N cooshng

Accelemhon o
Spetd cuue

P
Baking

Rhepstahc
a c c e le rahon

t
 A Geryico

o
Cshng
Von ph
cole ahan Bsakng
lime,

0presans cihy ervice. tikee lahve Vake,

oCCole-cahon ad
etascafior
o6km) ae
higb (
90fee unnng pesod bu a
Co osh n PoVI shoot penod oh
der to e ener consumphc)
Cp.n
9peed 46

Kmph 0 Actelesasion
aia

Time 9
hq sepreseors
Gubbos) Seruico dishano behween
Sros 1s 3to5km

nosee Tunning
pesiod but a longe7
orn a Coaghng peut
long ops ale. po2end
relaively high valtes o a cce lesahion and veatdhs
0quira
unN

Go

peed
accederm
Jeohen
actelem
Kroph 3 o .

ine, o n
 gopseents nain lioe ervic
h4 diarar
joe urng o high Spee
oh oe
i orta
feg pe
atekhen nd Teatda ion feiods are less imporar
he
sububan prb 6 o 4kmpps
levn)
ian u b u tbnn tpl}rbon
acce o4- o 6s kmphps
mlley
Coahng tolatdrloo 1brophps
to5 Kmphes
lntedeho)
I a King e

NOs}opeed
AA AM
atained by he vebicle.
Ts he. max
speed (vn)
diing h e "oun

Coveve d botoeer
wo Shop S
The dishare
Ave1oqt e od
vu 1 Kncron o3 Aug Speed
iytded by achua hme
dishance
as he raho oh
T i s delioed
9hedule peed rme oh run înclucina
a d oa)
belween tuoo tops
CoVeoec

hme s l o p
Dis Fano belocen Shops
echedulo spoed, Vch Acl hme qrun +dop hm

DIShana bétioees 9 ops

Aua eed
-Actual hmeo )

Schedule 8peed avemge Apecd

trrban a d Bubobon Åepuico
in
pbo tence lame
d Sml in coae o maun lne sevico
 schecd ule 3peed
To have good
be Taduc2a
the srops mus
Sma) S e v i c
15 o aosec

&The etecho shphme m

schecuk speed f man le
18 Deigly êmal.

hain depends
The schedule.d Specd ob a gen an

olloccingfackors
retarciaha
(a) cceleraien and braking
(b) max o cest Speed

Duraio o Skop

on and biakira Te a riahon

*Accelenah
M NN

*increase in acceleranen l l vesul oecrEe

achua hme o n qnd le ad ho

scheiule Soes
6imilary nctease in brahing etardano al
pead
h e vauah cn io accelerahon a retmdahn
e elheck on scheduled 8pezd in eoe shor
oj shont as-
s
Moi meum Speed
ot-fixed accelerahon and retadaton. fra Co
D, fora co
disana Vun, the acual hne o rur asill decrease
a
there hose, chedul specd cill eoih in cw
Ape2d

lona disana un, He

ehecto vau
tn c s s Apeed o Schadule apeed is Conbideeablk
Qurao

he
schedule Speod, t o agive avg pee ri| A by
ulucig
he duaahon o stop
elle ch he schecdule speed more In cole. of Fharer distarte
* efeck Ho

in Compason
toIlbrge distante run
ru

inplitied
Speed hme cusve3

usban SeTYiLe imple quadylaterol shope

oun sevice tapezo idra shape

Toapezoidad Speed-time CLUaves-

A
m

E
D
-
-t
shops
Let D disanco. bo.uweon (mehros )
Achual hme o un betueen Sops (sec)
t

Accolevahan drmng Sarhng Peiod (m/3)

P Retardafien duing braking (m/s)
max ( or cres) SPeed (m/s),

*ms
Va a v speed (= t),
t time a acceleraion ( Sec
t me ob
boking (sec), G
 ()

D Area OABC

Avea OAD A v E ABED + Aea BCE

Vnt+Vnt+Vts

t Vm(i-(t+t))
Vm

DV -
d+
D Vnt - Kvm
KV-Vrmt +D= o - 5
=+t+N1-4KD
K
VD t -VE-yKD
K
-
Toom (5
Kv Vmt-D
 D Nnt -1)
. D
Nad a?

D- Vro1
Vm vNa

bvousy b o, Va and D ala knauo then k, «, por

jound
Quadnlaksal speochme cuve

Specd

t
Time
Le Accelesatiom duaing shachng peod

Re tardah on doing coashng peod

B Retardahon durmng bma King

E max 3poed a he end " atelejahon

Speed a he end oj Conghn

Jota Hme o un
 t
ime o accelevahon

time o moshing tV- - )

Time o baina Va/a
Tod disonca avelle d D Avea OABC

D- Avea OAD + Area ABEDt Avea BCE

( 4ta) + Va( tatts)

vt-t,)+ vo/t-4)
(Va) - t
t(Vt)-vi va
D Cv, +a)-KV V D
hee

so
-

P e t - t-ta)
Vy-Pet-V
3
Va
aV-Pelt-y)+ Pe
C - Y-Fe (
M-Re(t-)
Na C1-Pc
 ms 8 apar values o aaelnnha
rtriann a 8 k h s a r 3 ékn>'hs kuk

x 4poas a n aaum d a Sp aaa m

3600

6 kmphs

V
-+5
5

V
a
-
*Po elechnc kaun hos a n
avesage Speodo 42 kmph
alevel hack be hoeen sFeps 140om
apar Iis
accelesaed at I7kmphs and is bveaked at
33tmt
Drd he Speed hme cuaVe -fos un.

Given
Va= 42kmph 49 xIO00_ . {}. 667ms
=

7ml.
3600
D- 14o0m
7krophs = 17x1o00 = o:472ms
360
P: 3 kmphs 33XloOO
3600
=
O. qI7 m/s
O.q17 ms
peed hme Cume fos u)D
Achual hime. ok n , t:
t 00 105
tDva
.67

() O472 'o-1n
Aleo max speed
t - t4kp
25

1a0-(120) yxl6x1400
xl6
1445 ms
Y 1445x 3600 =52kmph
Acceleroh an penod t n - 4:45 306
O 472

PraKin pesiod Fg: Vm e 14S e11s85

10-(306+IS-8)
36
13 6S