Pluto Ms

SEE CONTINUITY
IN
CONTINUITY AT A POINT o

Let t be a function in a

neighbourhood of point a Then f

a is

said to be continuous at the point a

if and only it tcx tca

It f is not continuous at a it is
said to be discontinuous at a and
a is called a
pointokdyisontinuity off
f Let f be a function defined in a nbd
of a point Then t a

issaidtoberg
is Left continuous at a
ittLaHa
ii Right continuous at a itt
jafcxy f

vote f is continuous at a H f is both

Lett continuous and
right continuous at a

i.e
a
fix tca
IF fix
ta Hx
E floe 1 1 XER is continuous at x o

f o 101 0
Lt OT
Ito
a o
l
x ot
o
It
ex o
It in
 Ita
th
0
fix
ft Aa

A function f defined on a sets

is said to be 2 5 it it
is continuous at each point of S

A function f defined on is
said to be continuous on Ca b it it
is continuous at every point of Ca b
i ht tcc t C E ca b
tix
x c

A function f defined on 3 is said

to be continuous on a b if
sis f is continuous on ca b
t f ca b
II Hx f Cc c

di f is right continuous at a

fix fca
a

Iii f is Left continuous at b

ie fix f b
5
Ex fix 92 it 0 Ex El is
if I ex

is continuous
If
on 0 2
Y AY
W x x
g I
it is continuous
 RAL a
f Tf x tca at x

floe 12 1
Lt
f e
HK Lt
x f X It I I RAL
x it
HL t fix at lil 1

4 ta
fix ten
a a a

4 f l
HI
N q

t A constant function is continuous on R

f The identity function fix x t x c R is

continuous on R

continuous
Every points on R
PHI
t A rational algebraic function to
Gol
is continuous in its domain of definition
An in is continuous in
its domain of definition
f f x is continuous on R

f fix a Caso is continuous onR

tax is continuous on Rt
toga
 All trigonometric functions
Inverse trigonometric function's
hyperbolic functions and
inverse hyperbolic functions are
continuous in their domains of definition
E fix x Co GIF
f Cx x GIF is continuous on R Z

tax x is discontinuous at any integer

continuous at any integer
x is right
The set of points of discontinuity f Ex
is Z Ex a

i
7
c
T z
X
Ext FGC x

continuous
is on R 2

discontinuous at every integer

but not Left continuo
It is
right continuous integers
O O

11
o

2 O
9 l 2
903
4
X
3 I

It f is continuous at a and g is

continuous then the composite

function continuous at
zf is a
E fix 22 is continuous at x o

g y Sing is continuous at 9 1 10 0

i got Cx sin sea is continuous at x o

z N
9 0
f Ca o
o
O

f x I gcy sing
90 f x g Ha 9 ok sin xD

Ex
hix since x O

f Cx Be 9Gt Sinn
t
Fsc 901 67 9 tix

g ra
x
Simon
is continuous
Find real
the constants a e b so that
the function f defined by
Sinx it xeo is us
cmon

E if
if X 3

For continuous
a
fix
Ita fix fca
at x o at x l
 aka a sinn o
ET
ot

but b 13 aka
x
3
Lt Ita

b 13 1 a 27
A function f is defined by
sincatha Sinn if x LO

o
C i it

2
bxD x it x O
3 2
b
f Gc is continuous at 9 0 find a b C

Lt 4fix
o
sincathygtsin
cosn
DX.ca
jcosca I
a 11 1 a 12
24L
fish xtb F
of
of
barn
EI Tn Exa in
barn Ta
ft
 Lt x tb n2 4
X ot BERO
yarn raffia 11

Lt 1 I
Ot 2
Fbn I

a 12 Yz C

3
4 127 T IT
It f R R be defined
a'cosh b sink it so
f ex
eaxtb it x o

f x is continuous function at x o

then 210ge tal b is

tb
Hx
to I Etb eb
Lt
HX yhtjo acosx bs.in

aSlogeeb
eb
x c
f

a2
1oge 2ln b
lat
2ental b 0
Discuss the continuity of
n
tax e i
NIO and to O at x o
 Lt 4 Ya
i
of tox
e
x ot Ya
e I

x
Lt
ot
Mi ein l o
1
l 1 0
Yeun
Lt
Hx Lt yn
x o E l a
x o e I
e t
I
If 11
I o l
I
Otl
11

discontinuous at x O

Discuss the continuity of fix

III o

fix is not defined at x o

text is discontinuous at 2 0

fix 0 it 30

2 if x co HlEI it x

zY
I

X y o

i f x is continuous at LR 203
 Discuss the continuity of
Cosan Cosbn
fix it 0
at x o

if 1 0

Lt cosax Cosbn
x ot
y

,450 2 sin x b Sin

bxz

I O

fix is

continuous 4217 at C b
b2zI
k it continuous
472 is
74
x

L z atra
72 then

EU hEsIn xIuz as

3
K 6
 text 2 is continuous
fcxi
Cosa Fff x z at 9 2 K is
Lt
z
OSX
COS 2
COSZ

2K
j tz Kx 11 2k 11

1 I

2K I COS Z

K I COSZ
a

ato
tea It 13
Sin
F 1oge
3 at x o
and tco 1240 4 is continuous
then p is
s
ut 44 1
not

4
x o
H
x3
t 3P n4 3p
x

3
3
n 4 3P 12
for 4
p It
 TYPES OF DISCONTINUITY
The discontinuities of a function can

be classified as follows
A Discontinuities of the first kind

d Removable discontinuity
is Jump Discontinuity
B Discontinuities of the second kind
is
oscillating discontinuity
in infinite discontinuity
A function tix is said haveto
a discontinuity of the firstkind at
x a if Lt text and 4 tix
x a x aT
both exist
finitely but are not equal to flat
Removable discontinuity g
A
function fax is said to have a

removable discontinuity at x a it

fex exists finitely but it is not

a
equal to tea
ie Ita Aa L but l Ha

E fix sired for 2 10

x o
o for
 A removable discontinuity of a function
can be removed by redefining the
function such that tea tin
a

Jump discontinuity A function tix

is said to have a
jump discontinuity
at x a it Axl Ha both
a
exist finitely but are not equal
It Hx L Ha L lifts
a

then Ill 121 is called the magnitude of

the jump foe 770

Ext taxi I
of
4 fix I
neo

A function tox is said to have a

discontinuity of second kind at x a it

is neither of the limits tix
a
exist
ikat tix or

Kii either or both the limits Litt RAL

is the or

Ciii 4 fix he or de
x a
t A function said tax is to have
an oscillating discontinuity at x a

if the values of fix keep on

oscillating finitely or infinitely as x a

and do not approach a limit

Ext Hx sin ya at 2 0

He A function tax is said to have

an infinite discontinuity at x a
if
either of the limits tix
a IIatta
is the or fix IN
a

E for all
fix
xx for a I
4 tix I 11
it
45 text of a

f If fix is continuous on ca b
then it is bounded on ca b

if tx is continuous on ca b

then these exist two numbers M and

M such that m E tox s ta
t x C Ca b are called the bounds of
fox on a b
If fCx is continuous on ca b and
M E Stx E M t X f ca b then m is

called the least value or the minimum

valve or the global minimum of f
on Ca b M is called the greatest
value or the maximum value or the
global maximum f f on ca b

termed va team
It Stx is continuous on ca b
and tea f Hb then f assumes

every valve b w fca Hb

It tox is continuous on ca b such

that tea and Hb are are of opposite
signs then these exists at least one

point C C Ca b such that f Cc o

there exists at least one solution of the

equation Ha o in aib
1 05 to
fax 2 for x 1 0 4z
x sins
at then a is
is continuous x o

4 I cossan siI 1
x o
x a
singe
450 C cosaaxi cosan cosaz.sn nI IJ
q2
alto 2
Citcosantco5a 94
y
2 CD 1 1 1 3a

39 a a I
Yz

Find the value it to if the

function f Cx keto
T 1
can be made continuous at x o
Lt 2
too em 1

oE
i O

Lt
En l 2n
o
LH rule
4
x o
zen o 2

4 N
4 2N

x o
e I
2N
 fix x E continuous
Cosa
is
2 al 0 then flo is
Lt x E n x E D
x o I cost
251.5242

t7 H4 fn in

Cota
Hx att is continuous at x o

Then f Lo is
Lt Cota
x o HD x o Cota sett l
e
Eto cosing e'T e

1 Sinai Fina co
4 an

tea
b n o
j

etafaff a o n

is continuous at x o then atb is

A 3 3 13
Zz B
Iz t c 43 1 D non

Lt TANI
tox Taba 43
of e e
 I Final
HM
It Ctl Sissel 1

Eso
en
tasim Cit Isin D
g
3
ed b

i
LETT
3
x a x
n_ Tx x

at Ta
K t
I g
at Tn a y
Eg
X
3G y ay JE y2
eye y2 D
ay Ty
y x
FEET
a
4
2 xIx
Fifa
4
a
c7 rE
First
 m
fix 2 tank is continuous
at then 444 is
x
Hy
e le Ye 4le
Lt
tan
2 Tana i
Katy
2 Tann 1
entity Istana

ed Egg
Lt
é
testifying
the le
e

F E is

is
function
Io
x o
g continues at
six ex tank

sina lt
ia

55mF
no
tag
T ID 4 3 7