STRENGTH of MATERIALS

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For all materials nature as the load

in is
increased gradually the axial deflection S g the
loaded and will also increase
Eventually all materials break under irecesing
loading
The fundamental question is how we relate
P with S
 Conceptoystresse
Stress is simply defined as foree per unit area
and that defined either corned
force is o parallel
to the giver surface defined in a cartesian coordinate

system

I
Et

NA A

7y A
Tizz T normal stress

2z 2 Sheer stress in x direction

Zzy Try Shear stress in

y
direction
l

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 Concept of Strain

Strain stands for the deformation per unit length

which is a unitless measure
Lo SL

strain
Engineering
f displacement

Gonitless Lo
initial length

no o cm 1

Etf
1

KI
100cm
tE 0101 1 deformation

II F
ten
1 100 deformation
1 In

Same displacement does not mean same

deformation Deformation is defined at a material

point and it is simply the relative displacement shared

by all material points

 HOOKE'S LAW
The relation b w stress and strain is first
normalized by the English scientist Robert
Hooke 1635 1703

T
EET
V IT U witless
F E I
I Lo
t Modulus of Elasticity
Pa
Pa
The coefficient E is called the models of
elasticity As the implies the relation only
name

holds for elastic regime E is purely a material

constant Pascals
T E E witless
Pascals
Estee 200 Gpa I
tested
E wood 10 GPa
E push 45 Gda
n
E rubber 011 Gpa
Edramora 12206Pa
 stress
Strinagran
The stress strain diagram of a natural is ostaired

gon tensile Ks
app if we record Russ
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 Truestressltruestrar

For the allowed

many engineering applications
deformation is limited and most of the time in
elastic regime Therefore the change in geometry is not

considered in the calculation of stress stash

J TAO I Engineering stress

inlim
Are

bye initial
8 Engineering stain
length

However the geometry is constantly changing during

the application of the forces

F e
T A True stress
True Are

04L True
e True strain

length

II I as
 Instanterous Stain E E
L

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engineering

e EYE ex

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Est _Zoo Gra

Ers 1006Pa
Ece 1506Pa
Calculate the total elongation Cia the new position

of A of the rod system subjected to load Pz SookN

Da Nln2
kPa Wln2
N Imrie
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MPa
Gra Winn E tog
SES
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 Applicableitonly the
sector is homogeneous

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natural
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gov T
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T pi is
fatal T EE
i
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g y
600 x 200 Wtmj 300nF x.to mj150mn2xt50kq
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ETI A rod
of variable cross section built in

at one end is subjected to three annal forces

as shown Determine the main normal stress in the rod

and the final location of the point D Erod 2ooara

Nanci wer
t
200am
A how _hooky
10cm
c 20cm 1 20 c 1 1
SL
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sane toads
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Stowe SAB S ne Say 0 225 0,1 to 1 0

t
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77
225
Tao
F BC 20 103 N
Tpc 100 Mpa
Aac 2.102mm

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V T5 Each
g the member
is made of Al Ea756
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E
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