CHE 611 A Transport Phenomena

Dr Anurag Tripathi
Chemical Engineering

I I T Kanpur

Lectured
Mechanisms of Transport part 2
Diffusive transport
 MoleculartransportofMomenfunI
Under laminar flow conditions a constantforce
needs to be applied to maintain the motion of
the upper plate force direction verdir

B1 Lx

5 T fF
qyIt
i

M he
y I
forcedAffffate
force XV
forced yt
t ta
Fx leAy
Y

in
 Need to define quantity to accountfor
a
the force per unit area like pressure

However the force is not normal to the surface

as in case of pressure

Need to account for two directions now

A Ay
gate j force
Tara
E
Ay

Area Ay
Z
I force E
y IE Tara Ay

Ay
Z
fares
e
pk TH force fg
Ay
y x Targ

this brings us to the concept of stressTensor

Consider a point p in a material through
which the material is cut in two parts
 Let the cat planethrough
P be divided into many
small cells of area AA

The force on the cde

r
containingpoint P of area l E
p
DA will be DE
fo
this EF in general
may be pointing at
an inclination with

area normal B µ
q
Intuitively we understand that the magnitude
of AE depends upon the area of cell AA
To get the forceindependent of area we define
a force intensity vector
IDIE
Also called stress vector AA

This takes care of the size independence of cell area

However the force DE will also depend upon the

orientation of the plane through which the body
 is cut into two parts

based on the choice of

T
ri
p
T
Also will be
a banns.ae
e.EE
Previous case
TO account for the
dependence of the X x
force intensity vector y
f On if we need to
define tensor quantity
a
p
T
having two directions

For simplicity let us take the area to be normal

to the coordinate axes

Need to choose which ofthe two planes force is taken

to be ve
 limo DE Be
DAn jak

Lim DFI Fey PlanFYormee force

direction
II.at gArI qa direction
n Nae

B EEE
L G
Tyg
ay
Jn
c Fez

E i n
µFry

AFF
Jyz

Try these components on faces ABGF I e DEH yourself

On which facewould you keep Jan in ve direction

3L force on area ds with unit normal in is calculated
as

dSITn
µ
dsn oT

Care about the na being consistent with

the current notation

Remember Note
BSL use the forces Many other fluid mech
b
E gbeeag.ae ena.Eue
a igide 9 T
when directions whenthe act
they act on
aface withoutward on a face with outward
normal in Ove directions normal in ve directions
Tyg
f Fx

i r
se
YA Tb veg
ye face
 Compressive normal stress to re

Be Psforce in direction on area with

ve K
an outward normal in 0g direction e yface

Tye is the force exerted by the fluid of lesser

y region on the fluid of greater y region

Stress notation

BI y
7k
F
K
I I
R

y g r I
d W
Bily
f
y
y r
YR

Foot where does

A
this force onthe
bottomplate comesfrom

Try Expt.sh.amin
right11

Can the bowl be rotatedbyrotatingthespoon

 Kinematic viscosity
ieee CI
We will see that it serves as Momentum diffusivity

Momentum diffusivity
At Ifc Viscosity
Cee
3
uk3
water 1 10 Pa sxitn 1 10 6m21s
on.l

t.it

3
Mercury 1.555 10 Pas 114.7 106m21s

Glycerin 1400 15 Pas f 1174 10 6m21s