‫اِ ْﺣ ِﺘﻀَ ﺎ ُر َﺟﺎ ِﻣ َﻌ ِﺔ ﱡ‬

‫اﻟﺪ َو ِل اﻟ َﻌ َﺮ ِﺑ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‬
1 2

The Demise of the Arab League

A picture taken on February 1, 2018, shows Arab Foreign Ministers meeting at

� � ‫ن‬
the Arab League headquarters in the Egyptian capital Cairo. ‫ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع وزراء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب ي� ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ي� اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬،2018 ‫ ﺷبﺎط‬/‫ﺻﻮرة اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ي� اﻷول ﻣﻦ �ﻓ�اﻳﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻤ��ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة‬
The Arab League has failed to achieve relevance since it was � ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
founded in 1945. At the time, seven states signed a pact in ‫ ي‬.1945 ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻏﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺗﺄﺳ�ﺴﻬﺎ ي� ﻋﺎم‬
‫و� ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ن‬
�‫ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ي‬
Cairo, with the stated mission of ending regional crises, ‫ﺣﺪ ﻟﻸزﻣﺎت‬
ٍ ‫ أﻋﻠﻦ أن ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻪ وﺿﻊ‬،‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎق ي� اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة‬
ٍ �‫دول ﻋ‬
ٍ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﻗﻌﺖ ﺳﺒﻊ‬
coordinating political goals and fostering economic growth. .‫ وﺗنﺴﻴﻖ اﻷهﺪاف اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺳ�ﺔ وﺗﻌ��ﺰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬،‫اﻹﻗﻠ�ﻤ�ﺔ‬

� .‫ن‬ ‫ن ن‬ ً
� ‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪة ن� ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠ‬
The league was united in its opposition to the Zionist project �‫و‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﺴﻄن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻠ‬ �‫ي ي‬‫اﻟﺼﻬﻴﻮي‬ ‫وع‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ كﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬
� ‫ين‬
in Palestine. While that remains its official stance today, member ‫ ﺣﻮل‬،‫ ﺗﻘ��بﺎ‬،‫ إﻻ أن اﻟﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻔﻖ ﻗﻂ‬،‫اﻟﺮﺳ� اﻟﻴﻮم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﺣن ﻻ ﻳﺰال هﺬا ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ن‬
states have almost never agreed on how to address that conflict .‫ﻏ�ە ي� اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻛ�ﻔ�ﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ هﺬا اﻟ�اع أو ي‬
or others in the region.

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Twenty-two Arab-speaking nations have nonetheless joined the ‫ دوﻟﺔ ﻧﺎﻃﻘﺔ بﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ إ� اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ‬22 ‫ اﻧﻀﻤﺖ‬،‫وﻋ� اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
ً � ‫اﻟئ‬ � ، ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻄن‬
‫ي ن‬
Arab League since its inception, including Palestine, which the ‫ بﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ أن‬،‫ وﻟ�ﻦ‬.‫ﺗﻌ�ف ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ بﺎﻋﺘبﺎرهﺎ دوﻟﺔ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ بﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬،‫إ�ﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
� ٌ ‫ﺗتﻨﺎزل‬
bloc recognizes as a state. Yet rather than each one ceding a ‫ﻛﺜ�ا‬
‫ بﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻻ �ﺨﺘﻠﻒ ي‬، �‫ﺟﻤﺎ‬‫ي‬ ‫ﻏﺮض‬
� ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺳ�ﺎدﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬
ٍ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫كﻞ‬
part of its sovereignty for a collective purpose, the alliance ‫ي ن‬
. ‫ﻟﻠﺪ�ﻜﺘﺎﺗﻮر�ن‬ ‫ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻧﺎدي أﺧ��ﺔ‬
amounts to little more than a fraternity club for dictators.

�
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ أراد ﺻﺪام‬.1990 ‫ا� ﻟﻠ���ﺖ ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ﺧﻼل اﻟﻐﺰو اﻟﻌﺮ ي‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻠﺖ أﺣﺪ أﺑﺮز‬
One of its biggest shortcomings became apparent during the � ‫ي ن‬
�‫ اﻷﻣﺮ اﻟﺬي أدى إ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻗبﺔ اﻟ���ﺖ ﻟ��ﺎدة إﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﻂ‬،‫ا� آﻧﺬاك‬
‫ اﻟﺮﺋ�ﺲ اﻟﻌﺮ ن ي‬، ‫ﺣﺴن‬
Iraq invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Saddam Hussein, the Iraq’s
‫ﺗﺪهﻮر أﺳﻌﺎر اﻟﻨﻔﻂ ي� اﻟﺴﻮق و�ﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋ� اﻟﻌﺮاق ﺑﻴﻊ ﻧﻔﻄﻪ �ﺴﻌﺮ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
president, wanted to punish Kuwait for overproducing oil, which
.‫اﺣﺘ�ﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد�ﺔ‬
was pushing market prices down and making it difficult for Iraq to
sell its own oil at a price that would meet its economic needs.
‫ن‬ �
‫ ﻣﻮﻟﺖ‬،‫ ذﻟﻚ أﻧﻪ ي� اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧيﻨﺎت‬،‫كﻤﺎ رﻓﻀﺖ اﻟ���ﺖ أ�ﻀﺎ ﺷﻄﺐ دﻳﻮن اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ�ﺔ‬
� . �
Kuwait also refused to pardon Iraq’s war debt. During the 1980s, ‫و� هﺬا‬
‫ي‬ ‫ان‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫إﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﺪ‬
ٍ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫�ﻘﺮب‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻋﻪ‬
� �
‫اﻟ���ﺖ ﺟ�ﺶ ﺻﺪام ي‬
‫ن‬
Kuwait had financed Saddam’s army as it fought an almost ‫اﺗﻔﺎق ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ٍ ‫ ي� اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إ� ن‬،‫ إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ‬،‫ ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺴ�ﺎق‬
‫ن‬
decade-long conflict with Iran. Against this backdrop, the Arab ،1990 ‫ أﻏﺴﻄﺲ‬2 �‫ا� اﻟ���ت�ﺔ ي‬ ‫ وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ دﺧﻠﺖ ﻗﻮات ﺻﺪام اﻷر ي‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎوف اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ�ﺔ‬
League tried – but failed – to broker a deal that would address .‫اءات ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬
ٍ ‫أﻋﺎﻗﺖ اﻻﻧﻘﺴﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺗﺨﺎذ إﺟﺮ‬
Iraqi concerns. When Saddam’s troops marched into Kuwait on 2
August 1990, internal divisions hindered the league from taking
decisive action.

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Saudi Arabia thus turned to the United States (US) to secure the ‫و�ﺎﻟﺘﺎ� ﻟﺠﺄت اﻟﻤﻤﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮد�ﺔ إ� اﻟﻮﻻ�ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻷﻣ��ﻜ�ﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎ�ﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻠ�ﺔ‬
‫ي‬
. �
kingdom from its own possible Iraqi invasion. The US, with Saudi ‫ﻗﺼﻒ‬
ٍ ‫ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ‬،‫بﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﺳﻌﻮد�ﺔ‬
ٍ ،‫ ﺷنﺖ اﻟﻮﻻ�ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬،‫ا� ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ وﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﻏﺰو ﻋﺮ ي‬
� ‫ﻣﻦ‬
approval, then launched a bombing campaign against Iraqi ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺮى ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﺗﺤﺖ رﺣﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻹﻗﻠ�ﻤ�ﺔ واﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤ�ﺔ‬
‫�ي‬ ‫ ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬.‫ﺿﺪ اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ�ﺔ‬
troops. The Arab world remains at the mercy of regional and ‫�ﺪﻓﻊ بﺎﻟﻌﺪ�ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮ ي ن‬
‫اﻗﺒن إ� اﻟتﺴﺎؤل ﻋﻤﺎ إذا كﺎﻧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ أي‬
�
global powers, compelling many observers to ask whether the .‫ﻏﺮض ي� اﻷﺳﺎس‬ �
Arab League ever served a purpose.

‫ين‬
‫اﻷﻣن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﺬي ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ‬،‫و�بﺪو أن هﺸﺎم ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬
Hesham Youssef, who served as the chief of staff to the � ‫ﻟﻸﻣن اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻤﺪة ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات أﺧﺮى‬
‫ي ن‬ � ‫ﻟﻤﺪة ن‬
،2013 ‫ﺣى ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ ﺛﻢ ﻣﺴتﺸﺎرا‬،‫ﺛﻤﺎى ﺳﻨﻮات‬
‫ي‬
secretary general of the Arab League for eight years, and then �
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل إن اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺸكﻠﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ�ﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻛﺤﺎل ي‬.‫�ﻌﺘﻘﺪ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﻏ�هﺎ‬
an advisor to the secretary general for three more years until �
. ���‫اﻷﻓ‬ ‫اﻷوروي واﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟ�ﺘﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬
2013, seems to think so. The Arab League, he said, has the ‫ي‬ ‫�ي‬
same core problem as blocs such as the European Union (EU)
and African Union (AU).
َ َ
‫ﻋ� اﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ “إن أي ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ هﺬا اﻟﻨ�ع ﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻹرادة اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺳ�ﺔ ﻟﻠﺪول‬ � ‫وﻗﺎل ﻟﻔ ﻨ ﻚ‬
‫ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﻤﺎ كﺎن اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﻤﻄﺮوح هﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪى اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻟﺪول‬،‫” وأﺿﺎف “ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
�
� [‫ﻣﻌﺎ وﺣﻞ ]اﻷزﻣﺎت‬
“Any institution of that nature reflects the political will of its ”.‫اﻟي ﺗﻌﺼﻒ ﺑﻬﺬە اﻟبﻠﺪان‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
member states,” he told Fanack Chronicle over the phone. “So,
the question was always how willing member states were to work
together and to solve the [crises] in these countries.” � ‫ي ن‬
، ‫اﻟﻌﺮي‬
‫�ي‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻴﻊ‬ ‫كﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ .‫ﺑ�ﺪ‬ ‫�ﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺴن ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬ �‫ﻏ‬‫� أن اﻟﻘﺎدة اﻟﻌﺮب ي‬
‫اﻹﺟﺎبﺔ بﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر ي‬
‫ دﻋﻤﺖ ﺗﻮ�ﺲ اﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﺿﺎت‬،‫ و�ﺤﺴﺐ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ‬.‫ﺧﻼف رﺋ�ﺴ�ﺔ‬ ٍ ‫ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬،‫ﻋ� ﺳب�ﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ن‬
‫ � ي ن‬،‫اﻟى اﻓﺘﺘﺤﺖ ﻋ� اﻟﺪ�ﻤﻘﺮاﻃ�ﺔ ﻋ� أرﺿﻬﺎ‬ �
‫ﺣن ﻓﻀﻠﺖ اﻟﺴﻌﻮد�ﺔ وﺣﻠﻔﺎؤهﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺒ�ﺔ ي‬
The short answer is that Arab leaders are not very keen to work . ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮاهﻦ‬
together. The Arab Spring, for instance, was a major point of
contention. According to Youssef, Tunisia supported the popular
uprisings that ushered in an era of democracy for its country,
while Saudi Arabia and its allies favored the status quo.

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ً
He adds that many leaders had little control over their countries ‫وأﺿﺎف أن اﻟﻌﺪ�ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎدة ﻟﻢ �ﻤﻠ�ﻮا ﺳ�ﻄﺮة ﻋ� بﻠﺪاﻧﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ اﺟﺘﺎﺣﺖ اﻟﺜﻮرات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
�
when revolutions swept through the Arab world since several [‫ وﻗﺎل “] ي� ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺮي ذﻟﻚ أن اﻟﻌﺪ�ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺎت اﺳﺘﺤﻮذت ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺷﻌ��ــﻬﺎ‬
‫�ي‬
‫ن‬
governments were overtaken by its people. “[At the time] there ‫ﻟﻢ �ﻜﻦ هﻨﺎك ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ واﺿﺢ ي� اﻵراء ]ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ[ ﻓ�ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ بﻤﻮﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
was no clear consensus [from the Arab League] regarding our .”‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮابﺎت‬
stance toward the upheavals,” he said.

‫ن‬
‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ي� اﻵراء ﻓ�ﻤﺎ �ﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
ٍ �‫كﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﻌﺖ اﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻠبﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ إ‬
Shifting alliances have also kept the institution from reaching a ‫ﻣﻌن ن‬‫ ﻗﺎل ي ن‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺗﻘ��بﺎ‬ �
‫اﻹﻗﻠ�� واﻟﻤﺤﺮر اﻟﻤﺸﺎرك‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻞ‬ ، ‫ر�ﺎي‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺎ�ﺎ اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﺣﺔ‬
consensus on nearly every issue. Yet Mouin Rabbani, the َ َ � ّ
� ‫ و� ﻣﻨﺼﺔ إﻟ��وﻧ�ﺔ ﺗﻐ� ﻗﻀﺎ�ﺎ‬،‫اﻹﻟ��وﻧ�ﺔ ﺟﺪﻟ� ﺔ‬ � ‫ن‬
،‫ ﻟﻔ ﻨ ﻚ‬،‫اﻟ�ق اﻷوﺳﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬ �‫ي‬
regional analyst and co-editor for Jadaliya, an online platform ‫ن‬ �‫ي‬ ُ ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬
‫ﺗﺒى اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ‬
‫ي‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟبﺎ‬ �‫ﺠ‬ � ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ � ‫�� ﺗكﻤﻦ ي‬
� ‫أن اﻟﻤﺸكﻠﺔ اﻷ‬
covering the Middle East, told Fanack Chronicle that the bigger ً �
.‫� اﻟﻤﺴ�ﻄﺮة‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠ�ﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮد�ﺔ ي‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻼ‬،2018 ‫ﻓ� ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ ي‬.‫ﻟﻠﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻷﻗﻮى‬
issue is that the Arab League is often coerced into adopting the
foreign policy of its strongest member. In 2018, he said, Saudi
Arabia is in control.
� ،‫هﺬا ُ� ﻔ� ﺳبﺐ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻋﻀ��ﺔ ﺳﻮر�ﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ �ﻟ�و�ﻌﻬﺎ ﺷﻌﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺣى و�ن ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺗﺨﺎذ‬
‫ئ‬ ‫ن‬
. ‫ﻋﺸﻮائ‬
‫ي‬ ‫�ﺸكﻞ‬
ٍ ‫أي إﺟﺮ ٍاء رﻣﺰي ﻓ�ﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ بﺎﻟ�اع ي� اﻟ�ﻤﻦ اﻟﺬي �ﻘﺼﻔﻪ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﻮن‬
That explains why Syria has been suspended from the league
for terrorizing its people, even while no symbolic action has been
ً ‫و�ﻘﻮل ن‬
taken regarding the conflict in Yemen, which the Saudis ‫ و�ﺪﻻ‬.‫ر�ﺎي “ﻻ �ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ اﻟﺘ�ف بﻤﺎ �ﻌﻜﺲ إرادﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋ�ﺔ‬‫ي‬
are bombing indiscriminately. ‫” وﺗﺎﺑﻊ “�ﺸبﻪ‬.‫ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﻗﺮاراﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ اﻟﻔﺮد�ﺔ ﻷﻗﻮى دوﻟﻬﺎ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬،‫ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
ً
‫اﻟﺪو� إﻻ أن دوﻟﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ �ﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺣﻖ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ‬
.”(‫اﻟﻨﻘﺾ )اﻟﻔﻴﺘﻮ‬
“The Arab League is not able to act as an expression of its
collective will. Instead, its decisions reflect the individual foreign
policies of its most powerful countries,” Rabbani said. “The Arab
League is like the United Nations Security Council where only
one country has veto power.”

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A picture taken on February 1, 2018, shows Arab Foreign Ministers meeting at � � ‫ن‬
the Arab League headquarters in the Egyptian capital Cairo during an ‫ ﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع وزراء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ اﻟﻌﺮب ي� ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ي� اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬،2018 ‫ ﺷبﺎط‬/‫ﺻﻮرة اﻟﺘﻘﻄﺖ ي� اﻷول ﻣﻦ �ﻓ�اﻳﺮ‬
extraordinary session to discuss their stance on Jerusalem and the US decision ‫اﻷﻣ��� ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﻔﺎرﺗﻬﺎ إ� اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﻤ��ﺔ اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة ﺧﻼل ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﺳتﺜﻨﺎﺋ�ﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺪس واﻟﻘﺮار‬
to relocate its embassy to the holy city. .‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳ ﺔ‬

‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ �ﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻘﻮل أن اﻟﻤبﺎدئ اﻟﺘﺄﺳ�ﺴ�ﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬،‫ﻟ��ﻤﺎ كﺎن هﺬا بﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ واﻗﻊ اﻟﺤﺎل‬
That may be true, but the founding principles of the league are � �‫ ﻓﻌ� اﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﺪ إ‬.‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ �ﺸكﻞ أ�� ﻣﺴﺆوﻟ�ﺔ زواﻟﻬﺎ‬
،‫اﺣ�ام ﺳ�ﺎدة أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
arguably more responsible for its demise. Although it was � �� ٍ
‫ ﺑ�ﺪ أن اﻟﺮﻛ ي�ة اﻷو� ﻣﻨﻌﺖ‬.‫ﺗﺪ� أ�ﻀﺎ ﺗﻤﺜ�ﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺼ�ﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻣ�ﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬
‫ي‬ ‫إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ‬
designed to respect the sovereignty of its members, it also ‫ن‬ � �
claimed to represent the ultimate expression of pan-Arabism. Yet �‫اﻟي ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﺪول ي‬‫ﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺬاﺑﺢ واﻟﺤﺮوب اﻷهﻠ�ﺔ ي‬ ٍ ‫اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺿﺪ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
the first pillar has stopped Arab states from mobilizing together .‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
to put an end to state-sanctioned massacres and civil wars in the
region.

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� �
In fact, the Arab League has failed to work together at almost .‫ﻣﻨﻌﻄﻒ ﺣ�ج ﺗﻘ��بﺎ ن ي� ﺗﺎر�ﺨﻬﺎ‬
ٍ ‫كﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎ‬
‫ن‬
‫ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ي� اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ي� اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫ن‬
every critical juncture in its history. Even shortly after it was ‫هﺠﻮم ﻋﺴﻜﺮي‬ ‫ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺪول اﻷﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺣﺸﺪ‬،‫وﺟ�ة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺳ�ﺴﻬﺎ‬ � ‫وﺣى بﻌﺪ‬
� ‫ﻓ�ة ي‬ �
ٍ ‫ن‬
‫ي ن‬ �
founded, member states could not muster a coordinated attack ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴنﻴن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ي‬،‫ﻣنﺴﻖ ﺿﺪ إ�اﺋ�ﻞ‬
‫ بﻌﺪ ﻃﺮد‬1948 ‫اﻟي أﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻗ�ﺎم دوﻟﺘﻬﺎ ي� ﻋﺎم‬
against Israel, which announced its statehood in 1948 .‫د�ﺎرهﻢ‬
after expelling Palestinians from their homes.

،‫ ﻟﺼﺤ�ﻔﺔ اﻹ�ﻜﻮﻧﻮﻣ�ﺴﺖ‬،‫ﻣﺨ�م ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﻋﺮي‬

“The league is obsolete,” Khairallah Khairallah, a veteran Arab ‫ وهﻮ كﺎﺗﺐ رأي � ي‬،� �‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﺧ� � ي‬ ‫وﻗﺎل ي‬
،‫” وأﺿﺎف “ﺗﻢ ﺗﺄﺳ�ﺴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺮد ﻋ� أﺣﺪاث اﻷر�ﻌﻴن�ﺎت‬.‫“اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻋﻔﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
opinion writer from Lebanon, told The Economist. “It was built to � ‫ن‬
.”‫ ﻓﻜﺮة اﻟﻘﻮﻣ�ﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ‬.‫واﻟﻌ��ﻦ‬ ‫وهﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ اﻟﻴﻮم ي� اﻟﻘﺮن اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
respond to the 1940s and we’re now in the 21st century. The
idea of Arab nationalism is dead.”
� ُ ‫ بﻞ‬.‫إﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻖ ن� ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ‬،‫اﻟﺮﺳ� ﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪو‬ ،‫اﺋ�ﻞ‬� ‫إ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أ�ﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻘﺎل‬ � ‫ي‬
�
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺣﻈ�ﺖ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ إ�اﺋ�ﻞ ﻻﺣﺘﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ بﻞ أ�� ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫دول اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟ�ﻮاﻟ�ﺲ‬
He is right. Israel, the Arab League’s official nemesis, is even ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
،‫ و�ﻄﺒ�ﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﺎل‬.‫اﻟﻌﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ � ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎل‬ ‫هﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫أورو�ﺎ‬ � ��‫أ‬
� ‫بﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ا� اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴن�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷر ن‬
reportedly dealing with Gulf nations behind the scenes. More ‫�ي‬ ‫ي‬ � � � ‫ي‬ ٍ ‫ي‬
telling, the boycott against Israel for occupying Palestinian lands .‫اﻟي �ﺴﺘﻀ�ﻔﻬﻢ‬ � ‫أﻣﻨ�ﺎ �� ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪ�ﺪا‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺌﺎ‬ ‫بﺎﻋﺘبﺎرهﻢ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴنﻴﻮن‬ ‫ﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ُ
�
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
has gained more support in Europe than in the Arab world.
And Palestinians, of course, are treated either like a burden or a
security threat in most Arab nations that host them. � ‫ن‬
‫ ﺣ�ﺚ ﺗﺘﻢ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﻣﺸ�ﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد�ﺔ‬
ٍ ‫كﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ ي� إﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺠﺎرة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﺮي ي ن‬% 10
.‫ﺑن اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫�ي‬

Neither has the Arab League succeeded in establishing a shared

economic zone, with less than 10 per cent of the Arab world’s
trade being between Arab countries.

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�‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴ‬ ‫ر�ﺎى أن اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎن ﻟﺘﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬‫ ﻳﺮى ن‬،‫و�ﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إ� ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أوﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر هﺬە‬
Considering all its shortcomings, Rabbani believes that it is high �‫ي‬ � � ‫ي‬
. ‫اﻟي كﺎﻧﺖ دوﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺰءا ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﻓ��ﻘ�ﺔ‬ � ‫ و�ﺬﻛﺮ‬.‫ﺟﺬري‬
time for the institution to undergo a transformation. He cites as a ‫ ي‬،‫كﻤﺜﺎل بﺎرز أﻓ��ﻘ�ﺎ‬
ٍ
key example Africa, whose nations were once a part of � ‫ن‬
‫اﻟي ﻃﺎل‬
‫ ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﻓ��ﻘ�ﺔ ي� إﻧﻬﺎء اﻟ�اﻋﺎت ي‬،‫وﻛﺤﺎل ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬
the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Like the Arab League,
‫ﺗﻐ� هﺬا ﺑﺮﻣﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺣﻠﺖ اﻟﺪول اﻷﻓ��ﻘ�ﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ي‬.‫ﺣى ﺣﻞ اﻷزﻣﺎت اﻟﺴ�ﺎﺳ�ﺔ‬ � ‫أﻣﺪهﺎ أو‬
the OAU failed to end protracted conflicts or resolve political � ‫ن‬ �
crises. That all changed when African nations disbanded the .���‫اﻷﻓ‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬ 2002 ‫ﻋﺎم‬ �‫ي‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﻓ��ﻘ�ﺔ وأ�ﺸﺄت‬
OAU and formed the African Union (AU) in 2002.
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ � ‫ إﻻ أﻧﻪ كﺎن‬،���‫اﻷﻓ‬
� �
�‫أ�� اﺳتبﺎﻗ�ﺔ ي� اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻟي �ﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أوﺟﻪ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر ي‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
�‫ و�يﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺰال اﻷﻣﻦ ي‬.��‫ﺑﻮﻟ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﻓﻮر�ﻦ‬ �‫ي‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﻧيﻨﻎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ�كﻞ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬ ‫كﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ �‫وﺗﺨﻔ�ﻔﻬﺎ ي‬ ‫اﻷزﻣﺎت‬
Though not without its own shortcomings, the AU has been far � �
�‫ وﻋﻼوة ﻋ‬.‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎ� ﻗﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻷﻓ��� ﻃﺒﻖ ﻋ� اﻷﻗﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ إﻻ أن اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬،‫اﻟﻘﺎرة هﺸﺎ‬
more proactive in interfering in and mitigating crises in the ‫ن‬ �
region, wrote Michael Broning in Foreign Policy Magazine. And ‫ﻓ� ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ ي‬،‫ﺑبﺼ�ة نأﺧﻼﻗ�ﺔ أوﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اﻷﻓ��� ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ ﻳبﺪو أن اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺣن ﺣﺎوﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌ���ﺔ إﻗﻨﺎع اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫ � ي ن‬،�‫اﻷﻓ��� ﻋﻀ��ﺔ ﻣ‬ � ‫ ﻋﻠﻖ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد‬،2013
while security on the continent remains fragile, the AU has at ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
least demonstrated that collective action is possible. It also .��‫اﻟﺴ‬
‫ي‬ ‫بﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي ﻟﻌبﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح‬
appears to have a clearer moral vision than the Arab League. In
2013, the AU suspended Egypt’s membership, while the Arab
� � ‫كﻤﺎ أﺷﺎر ن‬
League tried to convince the world to support Abdel Fattah al- ‫ واﺟﻬﺖ‬،�‫وﻋﺮ‬‫ي‬ �‫وﺳ�ﺎ‬
‫ي‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ ‫ﺗﻨ�ع‬
� ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫بكﻞ‬ ،‫أﻓ��ﻘ�ﺎ‬ ‫أن‬ �‫إ‬ ‫أ�ﻀﺎ‬ ‫ر�ﺎى‬
‫ي‬ ً
Sisi’s military regime. .‫ﺗﻐﻴ� ﺟﺬري ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﺎء ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‬
�‫ي‬ ‫اء‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﺑ�ﺟ‬ ،‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﺟﻬﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،�‫بﻜﺜ‬
‫ي‬ ‫أﺻﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
�
‫ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ هﺬا ﺳﻮى ي� ﻇﻞ‬،‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴ� ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ �‫ي‬ ‫ إذا ﻣﺎ كﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬،‫وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺟﻤﺎ� ﻟﺘﺠﺎوز ﻧﻔﻮذ أﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫�ﺸكﻞ‬ ‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎل إن ﻋ� اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌ���ﺔ أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫ﻃن‬ ‫�� ي ن‬
‫ي‬ ٍ ً
Rabbani further notes that Africa, with all its political, economic .‫اﻟﻤﻬ�ﻤﻨن ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ‬ ‫ين‬
and ethnic diversity, faced a much more difficult task of
reinventing itself than the Arab League faces today. Yet if the
latter is to undergo a transformation for the better, it can only
happen under two conditions. The Arab League, he said, must
act collectively to override the influence of its most dominant
members while resisting foreign pressure.

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