Amity School of Architecture and Planning

B.Arch Programme, IX Semester

Theory of Urban Design

ARCH503
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Urban renewal

The scope
The need
Different procedure and approaches

Contents
Contents
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Learning Objectives

By end of this session you will recognise

about fundamentals of urban renewal.
Students will be able to examine need
and scope of urban renewal

Learning Objectives
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The purpose of urban An Urban Renewal Over time, it has

renewal is to improve Plan applies to a Urban renewal is a evolved into a policy
specific areas of a specific geographic program of based less on
city that are poorly area of the city, land redevelopment destruction and
developed or which is called the . more on renovation
underdeveloped Urban Renewal Area and investment.

. . . .

Urban Renewal
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Urban Renewal

Urban renewal involves the relocation of businesses, the

demolition of structures, the relocation of people, and the
use of eminent domain (government purchase of
property for public purpose) as a legal instrument to take
private property for city-initiated development projects.
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Objectives of Urban Renewal

• Preserving as far as practicable local characteristics

• Preserving as far as practicable the social networks of the local

community

• Providing purpose-built housing for groups with special needs, such as the
elderly and the disabled

• Providing more open space and community/ welfare facilities

• Enhancing the townscape with attractive landscape and urban design

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Why Urban Renewal?

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Why Urban Renewal?

The triggers:-

• Effective functioning of Administrative

towns (state HQ, District HQ)
• To accommodate an event of magnitude.
(Asian games, Common Wealth Games in
Delhi, Tri Centenary Celebrations of
consecration of the Guru Granth Sahib at
Nanded)
• Necessity due to natural /man-made
calamity (Earthquake in Bhuj, Plague in
Surat)
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Why Urban Renewal?

The triggers:-

• Obsolescence of land uses (Shifting of

manufacturing industries )
• Market driven change of land use
(Commercialization of Girgaum, Parel
areas of Mumbai)
• To conserve historic monuments/
environment. (Areas around the Taj
mahal precinct )
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Approaches for Urban Renewal

At the first International Seminar on Urban Renewal, in August

1958, the three principles of urban renewal were identified as
redevelopment, consisting of demolition and reconstruction;
rehabilitation, improvement of the original structures, and
conservation, preservation of historical monuments, and
generally not with residential areas (Miller, 1959).
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Redevelopment

• Redevelopment consists of the removal of existing buildings and

the re-use of cleared land for the implementation of new projects
• This approach is applicable to areas in which buildings are in
seriously deteriorated condition and have no conservation value,
or in which the arrangement of buildings are such that the area
cannot provide satisfactory living conditions.
• In such cases, demolition and reconstruction, of whole blocks or
of small sections, is often thought to be the only solution to ensure
future comfort and safety of the residents.
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Rehabilitation

• Rehabilitation follows principles and ethics of conservation, can be defined

as the opposite of redevelopment.
• It is based on preserving, repairing, and restoring the natural and man-made
environments of existing neighborhoods.
• Rehabilitation is applicable to areas where buildings are generally in
structurally sound condition but have deteriorated because of neglected
maintenance.
• It takes advantage of the existing built environment as a valuable resource
and adapts old houses to present -day life and acceptable standards by
providing modern facilities.
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Integration
• The third approach to neighborhood regeneration, referred
to as integration, views rehabilitation and redevelopment as
complementary forces and combines the best aspects of
both approaches.
• It consists of rehabilitation of what can realistically be saved,
combined with reconstruction of new buildings in place of
those beyond the reach of feasible rehabilitation.
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An example
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JNNURM

•In India the need to infuse

vibrancy and rejuvenate cites was
recognized in 2005 and the
Central Government launched
the Jawaharlal Nehru National
Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)
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JNNURM

•Launched to encourage
cities to initiate steps for
bringing phased
improvements in their civic
service levels
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JNNURM

• Initiative to redevelop towns and

cities by developing infrastructure,
carrying out municipal reforms and
providing aid to the state
governments and the urban local
bodies (ULBs)
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JNNURM Scope

• Infrastructure • Rehabilitation or • Acquisition or • Re-sale or lease of

development property
conservation of improvement of
(construction or
existing buildings property
improvement)
Streets, parks, plazas,
utilities et
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Dimensions

Physical renewal Social renewal

– leads to improvement of – leads to

improvement of
urban fabric
community and
housing
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Dimensions

BSUP Scheme at Thiruvananthapuram, Phase-IIIunder JNNURM in Kerala

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Dimensions

Cultural renewal – Economic renewal Environmental

renewal
promotes – leads to new
enhancement of generation of – leads to minimizing
culture and traditions employment and ecological
revenue imbalances in urban
environment

. . .
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Concept of Urban Renewal in Developed Nations : Paradigm Shifts

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Concept of Urban Renewal in Developed Nations : Paradigm Shifts

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Concept of Urban Renewal in Developing Nations : Paradigm Shifts

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Conceptual Framework of Urban

Renewal : Indian Interpretation
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Procedure

Setting Goals and Creating a

Vision

Identifying a good opportunity

for Renewal

Recognizing the social and

historical context

Private, Public or Joint

Partnership
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Designing and Planning

Creating a ‘public persona’

Prioritizing public amenities

Integrating Public Transit

Achieving the right product mix

Creating a sustainable program

Catalyzing participation and support

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Densification Versus Decongestion

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DENSIFICATION
Optimize high value land redevelopment, promote
higher FSI and hence densification
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DECONGESTION
A diametrically opposite view - decongesting the area.

•Shifting the residents to other locations and re-

designating land

• A change in use /zone will make this location most

prime, resulting in land use transformation

•Gentrification is part of natural process of city

development

•A forced relocation is one alternative. In small parts

and scale the same is achieved through SRA
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References;
1. http://mohua.gov.in/cms/projects-under-jnnurm.
2. https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/Departments/SlumUpgradationJnNURM
3. https://www.mcgill.ca/mchg/student/neighborhood/chapter1
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Thank You
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