PHINMA-UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

ARC 075 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 03

PERSONAL CCO
LOGO CCO
CCO

RSW No.: 01
TITLE: WORKING DRAWINGS
DATE DUE: 02 MARCH 2021 - T

A1-3BSARC-02
YEAR & SECTION.:
INSTRUCTOR.: AR. MARK JEFFERSON M. CALLANTA
 STUDENT.: FERNANDEZ, ADRIAN KYLE L.

WORKING DRAWINGS
Definition
Working drawings are
drawings used as a
reference or guide in the
manufacture of a product.
This most often refers to
engineering and architecture, but working drawings are used in many different modes
of construction. These drawings are composed according to industry standards so that
all the information is easily and clearly understood, and standard conventions and units
are used.
Every set of working drawings consisting of more than one sheet is structured, for it
represents a more or less conscious decision on the part of the draughtsman to put
certain information on one sheet of paper and certain other information on others. Even
were the reason for doing so simply that there is insufficient space on a single sheet of
paper, a selection has still to be made of what to put on each sheet and a sensible basis
for that division has to be determined.
Conventionally, working drawings consist of two-dimensional orthogonal projections of
the building including sections, plans, and elevations. These are either drawn by hand
or using a Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. But now building information
modeling (BIM) is used to make three-dimensional representations of buildings and the
parts for construction.
There are two distinct types of working drawing: one is detail drawing, which shows
various views of an object and includes important information such as measurements
and tolerances that the craftsperson or machine operator might need to know when
manufacturing the object, or that people using the object might need to know. The
second is an assembly drawing, which shows how various components fit together
during construction.
The Detail Drawing
The detail drawing conveys as much information as possible about a single
component. It will be clearly labeled with a part number and name, It may
include several views of the object--top, front and side--and a projection view.
These drawings are annotated with information, including overall and detail
dimensions, tolerances, materials, and treatments.
The Assembly Drawing
Assembly drawings show how pieces of a construction fit together. These may
include an 'exploded' view, with pieces drawn separately but in correct relative
positions, a 'general' assembly drawing where everything is drawn in its right
place, and a detailed assembly drawing, which is a drawing of working assembly
with measurements.

Purpose of Working Drawings

The primary role or function of working drawings is to convert design data into
construction information and to clearly communicate that information to building
industry, code officials, product manufacturers, suppliers and fabricators.
The drawings must provide and transmit a complete, faithful and accurate graphic
depiction of the project design concept, to scale.
The essence of the working drawings is that they are the design professional’s
interpretation of how the project should be built.
Because of their function, the drawings need to provide the necessary construction
information, in such graphic form, that the workers can use, the information depicted,
directly, in their effort to construct the project as designed.

Types of Working Drawings

Architectural Drawing
An architectural drawing offers a complete view of a building. It exhibits the location of
a building and all the parts of a building where they will be seen. Different architectural
drawings are known by different names such as elevation, section, plan, and so on. An
architectural drawing is a technical rendition of a building (or building project) that falls
within the classification of architecture. Historically, architectural drawings were made in
ink on paper or similar material, and copies require an expensive printer that needs to
be expensively hand delivered. If you’re still operating with a tremendous amount of
paper, imagine the construction savings by shifting to a digital ecosystem.
Structural Drawing
This kind of working drawing provides all the information regarding the structure such
as the strength of various structural components, grade, size, structural materials,
placement of reinforcement, etc.
This type of construction drawing provides a complete view of the structure or
structures involved in the building project. Structural drawings are typically prepared by
licensed structural engineers relying on input from architectural drawings. Structural
drawings emphasize
load-carrying members
(e.g., steel beams,
joists, framing
materials, and so
forth) of the structure.
Structural construction
drawings are unique to
other drawings
because they do not
address partition walls,
plumbing, and
mechanical systems, or
other details like
surface finishes.

Electrical Drawing
This type of working drawing offers details and the location of electrical wiring, sub-
station, fixtures and so on. The electrical load calculation is also provided in the
drawing.
This type of technical drawing illustrates information about lighting, wiring, power, and
circuits for communication within the commercial construction project. Electrical
construction drawings are meant to illustrate the physical layout of the wires and
components they connect inside the building as well as the outside power grid.
Standard schema symbols in electrical drawings represent circuit breakers,
transformers, capacitors, bus bars, conductors, and many other details on drawings.
Electrical contractors spend years mastering their craft and deserve software to make
their jobs easier.

Plumbing and Sanitary Drawings

This type of working drawings provides the location of piping for water supply, sanitary,
fixture and every process that connects it to every fixture and so on.
This type of technical drawing illustrates the system for pumping water in and out of
the building. Equipment, pipes, pumps, and drains, the nature and size of sinks to the
location of gas are carefully illustrated in a drawing. Plumbing construction drawings
also indicate the position of sanitary, piping for water supply system, fixtures, and the
process to connect every accessory. Read this article on how to save thousands of
dollars a year with digital blueprints.

Finishing
Drawing
Finishing drawings
comprise of the
details of finishing
and the final look of
the building and
this includes tiles,
marbles, etc.
Mechanical Drawings
This drawings represent the location of ACU. Both indoor and outdoor units, Air-Duct
layout, location of diffuser, location of AHU. Elevator layout and specifications. Escalator
layout and specifications and other mechanical components needed in the project.

REFERENCES
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7091-0263-3_11
https://www.liveabout.com/working-drawing-fine-art-definition-1123036
https://knowtechie.com/what-is-working-drawing-in-construction-definition-and-types/
https://esub.com/blog/5-types-of-construction-drawings-used-in-commercial-
construction/