C06 - Presentation - Group 2 - Tech - Ninjas

GROUP 2
S TA N S A 2 3 Z | B S A 2 C 0 6 |
STANSA23Z | BSA2 C06
GROUP 2
TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021
BASIC
STATISTICAL
CONCEPTS
Aguirre, Ma. Therese | Ferrer, Ayessa Mari | Gillera, Thea
Lucendo, Jake Bryan | Soriano, Lixie Imee
About
the AGENTS
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
AGENT MA. THERESE AGUIRRE

Member 1
About
the AGENTS
AGENT AYESSA MARI FERRER

Member 2
About
the AGENTS
POPULATION & SAMPLE
AGENT THEA GILLERA

Member 3
About
the AGENTS
TYPES OF DATA
AGENT JAKE BRYAN LUCENDO

Member 4
About
the AGENTS
POPULATION & SAMPLE
AGENT LIXIE IMEE SORIANO

Member 5
TYPES OF
DATA
PRESENTOR: AGENT JAKE BRYAN LUCENDO

Agent lucendo
• TO DEFINE AND UNDERSTAND
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DATA
• TO IDENTIFY THE
Objectives CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

SPECIFIC TYPES OF DATA
UNDER QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DATA
• TO EXPLORE THE ADVANTAGES

AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE
SPECIFIC TYPES OF DATA
UNDER QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE DATA
Agent lucendo
QUALITATIVE DATA
descriptive and conceptual findings
QUANTITATIVE DATA Definition

numerical findings
of Terms
NOMINAL DATA
data which are categorized but not
in order
Agent lucendo
ORDINAL DATA
data which are categorized in order
CONTINUOUS DATA
findings that are presented in any
numerical form
DISCRETE DATA
Definition
findings that are presented in whole
number
of Terms
ARBITRARY
a choice made without any specific
criterion or restraint Agent lucendo
DATA
These are the facts and
figures that are collected,
analyzed, and summarized for
presentation and
interpretation (William,
Anderson, & Sweeney. 2020).

Agent lucendo
TYPES OF
DATA
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DATA

Agent lucendo
• These are descriptive and

conceptual conclusion
• Otherwise known as
derived through
Categorical Data
observations, interviews,
questionnaire.
QUALITATIVE
DATA • Most qualitative data are
• It refers to information in a form of a narrative
about qualities, information derived from experiences
that cannot be measured. and professional judgement
of an individual.
Agent lucendo
• These data quantify

information by using
numerical values that make
Numerical Data
the information countable in
nature.
QUANTITATIVE
DATA
• The information is expressed in a certain quantity,
amount, or range.
Agent lucendo
EXAMPLES:
QUALITATIVE DATA
QUANTITATIVE DATA During a virtual interview, a
87 percent of adults with sickle patient with sickle cell disease
cell disease reported missing a shares that she sometimes misses
preventative care appointment. appointments due to not having
reliable access to transportation.
Agent lucendo
TYPES OF
QUALITATIVE
DATA
NOMINAL AND ORDINAL DATA

Agent lucendo
• These are data whose

• Otherwise known as information that are
Labeled or Named categorized in any order or
Data does not overlap.
NOMINAL
DATA Variables may include:
• Gender of a person
• The set of values that don’t
• colors
possess a natural ordering.
• race
• country, etc.
Agent lucendo
• These are data whose

information are sorted in an
Categorical Data
ordered category.
ORDINAL
DATA
Variables may include:
• The set of values that have • Grades
a natural ordering. • satisfactory level
• economic status, etc.
Agent lucendo
TYPES OF
QUANTITATIVE
DATA
NOMINAL AND ORDINAL DATA

Agent lucendo
• These are data with whole

number that cannot be • Limited to certain along an
divided into fraction or interval
decimal form.
DISCRETE
DATA
Variables may include:
• Number of children in a class
• Number of votes, etc.
Agent lucendo
• These are data with

values that can be
• The values can be in any
divided into different
point of an interval.
units, fraction, and
decimal form.
CONTINUOUS
DATA Variables may include:
• Weight
• Height
• Speed
• Temperature, etc.
Agent lucendo
BASIC
CONCEPTS
TYPES OF DATA

Agent lucendo
QUALITATIVE
VS
QUANTITATIVE
Agent lucendo
NOMINAL
DATA
Agent lucendo
ORDINAL
DATA
Agent lucendo
DISCRETE
DATA
Agent lucendo
CONTINUOUS
DATA
Agent lucendo
types of data
ice breaker
1
Identify what type of
A restaurant is having survey to know the
general and specific satisfactory level of their service.
data that is present
2
in the following
A group of healthcare workers are collecting
situation different blood type in a barangay for
research.
Example: The COMELEC committee are
counting votes for Election 2021.
Answer: Quantitative data – Discrete
3
data The school nurse is measuring the height and
weight of the 2nd year Students.
Identify what type of 4

general and specific A social studies student is asking about the
data that is present Religion of different passerby near SM city.
in the following
situation
5
Example: The COMELEC committee are The security guards in Ayala Malls are
counting votes for Election 2021. recording the temperatures of people
Answer: Quantitative data – Discrete entering the mall.
data
ADVANTAGE &
DISADVANTAGE
QUALITATIVE DATA (ORDINAL & NOMINAL)

Agent lucendo
ORDINAL DATA
ADVANTAGE
Effectively used in surveys, polls, DISADVANTAGE
and questionnaires due to the
No fixed unit of measurement.
simplicity of analysis and
categorization.
Agent lucendo
NOMINAL DATA
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
Easy to generate from closed
Without a linear scale,
questions; large amounts of
participants may be unable to
questions can be collected quickly;
express degrees of response.
increasing reliability.
Agent lucendo
ADVANTAGE &
DISADVANTAGE
QUANTITATIVE DATA (CONTINUOUS & DISCRETE)

Agent lucendo
CONTINUOUS DATA
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
It is very accurate and allows for a
It can be confusing to work with
better understanding and to someone
and when using it alongside
who knows numbers, can be a lot more
other data from a graph, it can
useful to present more complicated
data. It is also useful in using for become problematic to use.
graphs and surveys.
Agent lucendo
DISCRETE DATA
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
Generally easier to read or
Some types of data cannot be
interpreted by the public. The data
used in graphs for it only
used can be integrated into
utilizes whole numbers
different types of graphs.
Agent lucendo
IMPACT
OR
APPLICATIONS
QUALITATIVE DATA (ORDINAL & NOMINAL)

Agent lucendo
ORDINAL DATA
• PROVIDES T H E N E X T H I G H E S T N U M B E R O F D E T AI L S.
• THERE IS AN ORDERED RELATION AMONG VARIABLES.
• EASILY DISTINGUISH WHICH VARIABLE IS MORE PROMINENT
Agent lucendo
NOMINAL DATA
• PROVIDES T H E L E A S T N U M B E R O F D E T A I L S.
• THERE IS NO IMPLIED HIERARCHY AMONG VARIABLES
• MERELY CATEGORIZING THE VARIABLE TO ITS CORRESPONDING LABEL.
Agent lucendo
IMPACT
OR
APPLICATIONS
QUANTITATIVE DATA (CONTINUOUS & DISCRETE)

Agent lucendo
CONTINUOUS DATA
• INFERENCES CAN BE MADE WITH FEW DATA POINTS—VALID
ANALYSIS CAN BE PERFORMED WITH SMALL SAMPLES.
• HIGH SENSITIVITY (HOW CLOSE TO OR FAR FROM A TARGET)
• GIVES A MORE PRECISE CONCLUSION.
Agent lucendo
DISCRETE DATA
• MORE DATA POINTS NEEDED TO MAKE AN EQUIVALENT
INFERENCE.
• LOW SENSITIVITY (GOOD/BAD, PASS/FAIL)
• EASILY INTERPRET THE GENERAL FINDING.
Agent lucendo
SUMMARY
Agent lucendo
SCALES OF
MEASUREMENT
PRESENTORS: AGENT MA. THERESE AGUIRRE
AGENT AYESSA MARI FERRER

agent aguirre
agent ferrer
• TO DEFINE AND UNDERSTAND
THE PURPOSE OF THE FOUR
Objectives • TO DESCRIBE THE

CHARACTERISTICS AND
DIFFERENCES OF THE FOUR
• TO IDENTIFY THE
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF THE FOUR
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT.
Agent aguirre
• TO PRESENT HOW THE FOUR
SCALE OF MEASUREMENT
WORKS.
Objectives
• TO RECOGNIZE THE
IMPORTANCE AND
APPLICATION OF THE FOUR
SCALE OF MEASUREMENT IN
RESEARCH PRACTICES.
Agent aguirre
DATA
items of information such as facts and
statistics that are collected for analysis
MEASUREMENT
the process of assigning value to a
Definition
variable
of Terms
used to qualify or quantify data variables
in statistics
Agent aguirre
INTERVAL SCALE
is used to understand the order and
differences between them
Definition
RATIO SCALES
used for variables on a scale that have of Terms
measurable intervals
Agent aguirre
- Nominal Scale
4 SCALES OF - Ordinal Scale
MEASUREMENT - Interval Scale
- Ratio Scale
Agent aguirre
NOMINAL SCALE
• ALSO CALLED CATEGORICAL SCALE OF MEASUREMENT
• QUALITATIVE IN NATURE
• NO INTRINSIC ORDERING TO THE CATEGORIES
• LABELING VARIABLES INTO DISTINCT CLASSIFICATIONS
• NUMBERS HAVE NO REAL MEANING
Agent aguirre
EXAMPLES
HAIR COLOR
GENDER 1- Black
1 - Male 2- Brown
2 - Female 3- Blonde
4- Red
Agent aguirre
ORDINal SCALE
• ORDINAL SOUNDS SIMILAR TO “ORDER”
• CLEAR ORDERING OF DATA
• DEALS WITH ORDERED VARIABLES
• NUMBERS HAVE MEANINGFUL ORDER
Agent aguirre
EXAMPLES
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION
CLASS RANKING
• 1st 1- Very unsatisfied
• 2nd 2- Unsatisfied
• 3rd 3- Neutral
• and so on 4- Satisfied
5- Very satisfied
Agent aguirre
INTERVAL SCALE
• CONTAINS PROPERTIES OF NOMINAL AND ORDINAL DATA
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DATA POINTS ARE EQUAL OR KNOWN
• NUMBER ZERO IS AN EXISTING VARIABLE
Agent aguirre
EXAMPLES
CELSIUS/FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE
• The difference between 80 degrees and

50 degrees is the same as 70 degrees
and 40 degrees
• 0 degrees has a temperature, it does not
mean absence of the property
Agent aguirre
RATIO SCALE
• THE SAME AS INTERVAL EXCEPT THAT ZERO DOES NOT
EXIST
• DIFFERENCES AND RATIOS ARE MEANINGFUL
Agent aguirre
EXAMPLES
MEASURE OF WEIGHT
• A person weighing 45.4 kg (100 pounds)
is two-thirds as heavy as a person who
weighs 68 kg (150 pounds).
• Zero pounds means no weight
Agent aguirre
BASIC
CONCEPTS

Agent aguirre
PRIMARY
SCALES OF
MEASUREMENT
Agent aguirre
SCALES OF
MEASUREMENT
Agent aguirre
ice breaker
1
Measure of height
Identify each of the 2

Celsius temperature
following examples if
it is nominal, 3
Color classification
ordinal, interval or
ratio 4
Degree of illness
5
Movie ratings
ADVANTAGE &
DISADVANTAGE

Agent ferrer
Easy to generate from

closed questions
NOMINAL
Large amounts of questions
can be collected quickly SCALE
Advantages
Increasing reliability
Agent ferrer
It is the most primitve

system.
NOMINAL
SCALE
Without linear scale,
participants may be unable to
express degrees of response.
Disadvantages
Can only use the mode as

a measure of spread
Agent ferrer
ORDINAL
Indicates relative values
on a linear scale instead
of just totals.
SCALE
More informative than nominal Advantages
data
Agent ferrer
ORDINAL
Gaps between the values
are not equal.
SCALE
Mean cannot be used to assess Disadvantages
central tendency.
Agent ferrer
More informative than

ordinal and nominal.
INTERVAL
SCALE
Points are directly
comparable because they are
all of equal value.
Advantages
Scientific measures used to

record the distance between
values are highly reliable.
Agent ferrer
Do not contain scientific

measurements.
INTERVAL
There is no absolute
baseline to the scale. SCALE
Disadvantages
Scoring 0 may not mean the

participant does not demonstrate
the variable but that the scale
does not measure it.
Agent ferrer
Ratio scales have a point

zero characteristic.
RATIO
The variables can be
measured on a ratio scale. SCALE
Advantages
Point zero is an essential

characteristic to measure a ratio
between any two variables because in
the absence of zero there is no ratio.
Agent ferrer
RATIO
It is a less precise type
of measurement.
SCALE
The way that the different Disadvantages
users use the same graphic of
scales will differ in any ways.
Agent ferrer
IMPACT
OR
APPLICATIONS

Agent Ferrer
NOMINAL SCALE
• IT HELPS TO SHAPED RESEARCH DESIGN AND CONTINUES
TO IMPACT ON CURRENT RESEARCH PRACTICE.
• THE USE OF THIS SCALE MAKES THE IDENTIFICATION OF
DATA EASY WHICH MAKES THE GATHERING OF DATA
FEASIBLE.
Agent ferrer
ORDINAL SCALE
• WE GET TO APPLY THE ORDINAL SCALE IN THE SENSE OF
RATING A MOVIE WHICH HELPS US DETERMINE WHETHER
THE SAID MOVIE IS A SUCCESS OR FAIL DEPENDING ON
THE DATA OR SCALE THAT WAS GATHERED WHICH ARE
BASED ON OPINIONS.
Agent ferrer
INTERVAL SCALE
• THE USE OF THIS SCALE COULD HELP MAKE OUR FEEDBACK
REGARDING A CERTAIN QUESTION CONTRIBUTE A
MEANINGFUL GOALS AND RESULTS SINCE IT PROVIDES US
THE ABILITY TO QUANTIFY AND DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN
OPTIONS. ITS EFFECTIVENESS IS MOSTLY EVIDENT IN
THE BUSINESSES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES AS IT CAN
ACCOUNT FOR QUANTITATIVE OUTCOMES.
Agent ferrer
RATIO SCALE
• THE USE OF THIS SCALE WOULD HELP US TO PROVIDE A
PRECISE VALUE ON THE SPECIFIC DATA THAT WE HAVE
GATHERED.
• THE NON-ARBITRARY ZERO CHARACTERISTIC OF IT MAKES
IT POSSIBLE FOR US TO EASILY CALCULATE THE VALUE
BEHIND THE ATTRIBUTES COLLECTED IN THE DATA FOR
RESEARCH.
Agent ferrer
SUMMARY
Agent ferrer
population
and Sample
PRESENTOR: AGENT THEA GILLERA

Agent Gillera
Agent soriano
OBJECTIVE
“Surveys shows that survey

never lies”
NATALIE ANGIER
Agent Soriano
POPULATION
All of the people who live in a
specific town, region, or nation.
SAMPLE
A subset of people, things, or stuff Definition
drawn from a wider population for
the purpose of measuring.
of Terms
SAMPLE SIZE
The total number of people
participating in a research.
Agent Gillera
POPULATION PROPORTION
A population proportion is a
percentage of the total population
that shares a particular trait.
MARGIN OF ERROR
A margin amount that is set aside in Definition
case of a mistake or a change in
circumstances.
of Terms
Z SCORE
This normalizes the distribution to
allow possible comparison of scores
on various types of variables. Agent Gillera
CONFIDENCE LEVEL
This is the chance that the location
of a statistical parameter estimated
in a sample survey is likewise true
for the entire population.
COCHRAN'S FORMULA
Allows you to determine an optimal
sample size based on the required level
Definition
of Terms
of precision, confidence level, and
anticipated fraction of the attribute
present in the population.
CORRECTION FORMULA
If the population a researcher studying
is small, the sample size calculated
can be modified using the formula to be Agent Gillera
discussed later.
BASIC CONCEPT OF POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Agent Soriano
POPULATION
• POPULATION IS A DISTINCT GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE
COMMON CITIZENSHIP, IDENTITY, OR TRAIT. A
POPULATION IN STATISTICS IS A REPRESENTATIVE
NUMBER OF A LARGER GROUP OF PEOPLE (OR EVEN ITEMS)
THAT SHARE ONE OR MORE TRAITS.
• MANY, IF NOT ALL, GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE
DECISIONS ARE BASED ON POPULATION SURVEYS, LARGE
AND SMALL.
Agent Gillera
SAMPLE
• A SAMPLE IS A SELECTION OF INDIVIDUALS FROM A
POPULATION AT RANDOM. IT IS A SUBSET OF THE
POPULATION THAT SHARES THE SAME CHARACTERISTICS AS
THE REST OF THE POPULATION.
• THE POPULATION AS A WHOLE IS ASCRIBED TO THE
OBSERVATIONS AND INFERENCES DRAWN FROM THE SAMPLE
DATA.
Agent Gillera
SAMPLE SIZE
• SAMPLE SIZE IS A RESEARCH TERM USED FOR DEFINING THE
NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS INCLUDED IN A RESEARCH STUDY TO
REPRESENT A POPULATION.
• THE SAMPLE SIZE REFERENCES THE TOTAL NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS INCLUDED IN A STUDY, AND THE NUMBER IS OFTEN
BROKEN DOWN INTO SUB-GROUPS BY DEMOGRAPHICS SUCH AS AGE,
GENDER, AND LOCATION SO THAT THE TOTAL SAMPLE ACHIEVES
REPRESENTS THE ENTIRE POPULATION. DETERMINING THE
APPROPRIATE SAMPLE SIZE IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT
FACTORS IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS.
Agent Soriano
1
Define the size of your population.
2
Designate your margin of error.
STEPS ON MANUAL
CALCULATION OF SAMPLE 3
Determine the confidence level.
SIZE
4
Decide the variance you expect.
5
Agent Gillera
Finding your ideal sample size.
1
Fill up the confidence level and
marginal error.
2
Fill up the population distribution
HOW TO CALCULATE for each department.
SAMPLE SIZE USING
EXCEL 3
Get the sample distribution
4
Determine the percentage of every
participant that is already
Agent Soriano
accumulated
ONLINE
CALCULATOR FOR
SAMPLE SIZE
We will just simply input our total
population in the website
calculator.net, and Raosoft.net and
viola we have our sample size which is
also the same to the method of excel.
Agent Soriano
SAMPLE SIZE: MANUAL COMPUTATION

Agent gILLERA
SAMPLE SIZE: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

Agent sORIANO
SAMPLE SIZE: ONLINE CALCULATOR EXECUTION

Agent sORIANO
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

Agent soriano
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
• ANY SAMPLING APPROACH THAT USES SOME FORM OF RANDOM
SELECTION IS REFERRED TO AS A PROBABILITY SAMPLING
METHOD.
• YOU MUST BUILD UP A PROCESS OR PROCEDURE TO ENSURE THAT
THE DIFFERENT UNITS IN YOUR POPULATION HAVE EQUAL
CHANCES OF BEING CHOSEN IN ORDER TO HAVE A RANDOM
SELECTION METHOD.
Agent SORIANO
SIMPLE RANDOM
SAMPLING
• A SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE IS A SUBSET OF A STATISTICAL
POPULATION IN WHICH EACH SUBSET MEMBER HAS THE SAME
CHANCE OF BEING CHOSEN.
• A SAMPLING ERROR CAN OCCUR WITH A SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE
IF THE SAMPLE DOES NOT END UP ACCURATELY REFLECTING THE
POPULATION IT IS SUPPOSED TO REPRESENT.
Agent SORIANO
SYSTEMATIC
SAMPLING
• RESEARCHERS USE SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING AS A STATISTICAL
METHOD TO NARROW DOWN THE POPULATION THEY WANT TO STUDY.
• SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING IS AN EXTENSION OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING IN WHICH EACH MEMBER OF THE GROUP IS RANDOMLY
SELECTED TO GENERATE A SAMPLE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.
Agent SORIANO
STRATIFIED
SAMPLING
• RESEARCHERS USE STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING TO GET A
SAMPLE POPULATION THAT BEST REPRESENTS THE TOTAL
POPULATION BEING RESEARCHED.
• IT ALSO VARIES FROM BASIC RANDOM SAMPLING, WHICH
INVOLVES SELECTING DATA AT RANDOM FROM A WHOLE
POPULATION, WITH EACH POSSIBLE SAMPLE HAVING AN EQUAL
CHANCE OF OCCURRING.
Agent SORIANO
CLUSTER
SAMPLING
• WHEN CLUSTER SAMPLING IS UTILIZED, EVERY UNIT/PERSON IN
THE POPULATION HAS AN EQUAL AND PREDICTABLE CHANCE OF
BEING CHOSEN FOR THE SAMPLE GROUP.
Agent SORIANO
non
PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

Agent Gillera
non-probability
sampling
• NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING ENTAILS MAKING NON-RANDOM
SELECTIONS BASED ON CONVENIENCE OR OTHER FACTORS TO MAKE
DATA COLLECTION EASIER.
• Non-probability sampling is a rapid, easy, and low-cost data
gathering approach requiring a complete survey frame.
Agent GILLERA
CONVENIENCE
sampling
• A CONVENIENCE SAMPLE IS MADE UP OF PERSONS WHO ARE THE
EASIEST FOR THE RESEARCHER TO CONTACT.
• This is a quick and low-cost approach to collect preliminary
data, but there is no way to know if the sample is typical of
the population. Thus, the results are not generalizable.
Agent GILLERA
QUOTA sampling
• QUOTA SAMPLING IS A NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING METHOD IN
WHICH RESEARCHERS CHOOSE A GROUP OF PEOPLE TO REPRESENT
A POPULATION.
• They decide on quotas and set them up so that market research
samples may be used to collect data.
• Samples obtained can be used to estimate the population as a
whole.
Agent GILLERA
PURPOSIVE
sampling
• THIS TYPE OF SAMPLING, ALSO KNOWN AS JUDGMENT SAMPLING,
INCLUDES THE RESEARCHER USING THEIR EXPERTISE TO SELECT
THE BEST APPROPRIATE SAMPLE FOR THE STUDY'S OBJECTIVES.
• IT IS FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH, ESPECIALLY
WHEN THE RESEARCHER WISHES TO LEARN MORE ABOUT CERTAIN
PHENOMENA.
• EXPLICIT INCLUSION CRITERIA AND REASONING
Agent GILLERA
SNOWBALL
sampling
• WHEN STUDYING HARD-TO-REACH GROUPS IN THE SOCIAL
SCIENCES, THIS TECHNIQUE IS OFTEN UTILIZED. EXISTING
PARTICIPANTS ARE INVITED TO SUGGEST MORE PEOPLE THEY
KNOW, RESULTING IN A ROLLING SNOWBALL EFFECT IN THE
SAMPLE SIZE.
• Snowball sampling can be used to attract participants via other
participants if the population is difficult to reach.
Agent GILLERA
1
Provide data such as number of respondents, strands and sex.
2
Put the random numbers in the fourth column or it depends on the datas that
HOW TO you provided.
CALCULATE 3
Select all cells in the random column, and then select copy. Then,
SIMPLE RANDOM select paste special and select value to lock the random numbers
SAMPLING USING generated by random function.
EXCEL 4
Select the 4 columns. And then go to sort & filter. Select Custom sort.
Sort it by clicking random then click ok.
5
Agent SORIANO Select the first 25 people with random numbers that create an equal
chance for all of them.
1
Provide data such as number of respondents, strands and sex.
2
Put the random numbers in the fourth column or it depends on the datas that
HOW TO you provided.
CALCULATE 3
Select all cells in the random column, and then select copy. Then,
SIMPLE RANDOM select paste special and select value to lock the random numbers
SAMPLING USING generated by random function.
EXCEL 4
Select the 4 columns. And then go to sort & filter. Select Custom sort.
Sort it by clicking random then click ok.
5
Agent SORIANO Select the first 25 people with random numbers that create an equal
chance for all of them.
1
Separate the scores into blocks for each type desired.
2
HOW TO Calculate the proportion of each block.
CALCULATE 3
STRATIFIED Determine the number of each type based on the sample size required.
SAMPLING USING 4
EXCEL Create a random number for each type based on the sample size
required.
5
Sort the entities by block and select the appropriate number for
Agent gillera
each block.
STRATIFIED SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

Agent gillera
1
Arrange the participants' data in order.
HOW TO
CALCULATE 2
SYSTEMATIC Specify the sample size and the population size needed.
SAMPLING USING
EXCEL 3
Find the k by dividing the population size by the sample size and
rounding it down by using the formula
=ROUNDDOWN(number/num_digits,0).
Agent Gillera
4
The k is the every kth individual in the list and this value will
HOW TO determine the interval when choosing between participants.
CALCULATE 5
SYSTEMATIC Figure out where to start picking the participants using the
SAMPLING USING formula =RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top). Top is k=5.
EXCEL 6
Start with the kth individual on the list and add the value of k
to the last participant until the value of the sample size is
reached.
Agent Gillera
STRATIFIED SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

Agent gillera
1
Provide datas which includes clusters
HOW TO
CALCULATE 2
Highlight the data you provided and then go to the sort and
CLUSTER filter. Click Custom Sort and sort it with the column of your
SAMPLING USING cluster.
EXCEL
3
Group the different clusters with the color of your choice to
create distinction among them.
Agent SORIANO
4
Create a legend to the sides using the colors you provided in the
step 3.
HOW TO 5
You can choose to have more than of what you needed rather than
CALCULATE being less of what you needed.
CLUSTER
SAMPLING USING 6
Determine the sample size that you needed. By simply inputting the
EXCEL formula of =randbetween(1,4) and it will generate a random number
7
If you are still lack of participants you just need to press enter and
Agent SORIANO
the excel will generate another random number of cluster that you need
to include.
CLUSTER SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

Agent soriano
1
List down the total population and then list down the numbers of males
and females within the population using the formula of
=countif(range,"criteria").
HOW TO 2
Click the number of male and female that you already calculated in
CALCULATE QUOTA step 1 and then divide it in the total population.
SAMPLING USING 3
EXCEL Determine the total sample size of the study and determine also how many
will belong in the group of male and female. Use the formula
=round(number,num_digits).
4
Agent SORIANO
Add a column of Quota at the data that you have already provided.
Input the formula of =rand().
5
Copy the random numbers generated by excel. And then click the paste
special and select the values
6
HOW TO Go to the data. Click sort by sex. Add a level and input Quota. Make
CALCULATE QUOTA sure that the smallest to largest is also inputted in the box.
SAMPLING USING 7
Data has already been sorted based on the respondent’s sex from the
EXCEL smallest number to the largest number.
8
Look back at the sample size and the number of males and females. Then,
select the first people that is listed in the male and female based in
Agent SORIANO
the quota that you listed previously.
QUOTA SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

Agent soriano
POPULATION AND SAMPLE
ice breaker
1
Every member has an equal chance to participate, picked randomly
out of a population.
2
Participants are picked because they are easily available and
usually an easily contactable sympathetic pool of potential
Identify what participants.
sampling technique 3
The sample increases in size as study progresses.
is described.
4
Individuals are chosen based on who will provide the most detailed
and most appropriate information for the study.
5
Each quota of a population is filled (i.e. age, gender) to ensure
the same proportion in the sample.
ADVANTAGE &
DISADVANTAGE
PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Agent soriano
One of the approaches

SIMPLE
RANDOM
researchers use to select a
sample from a bigger population
SAMPLING
Simple and lacks bias
Advantages
Agent Soriano
Difficulty in obtaining a
SIMPLE
RANDOM
list of a wider population,
time, and costs.
SAMPLING
Bias can still exist under
specific situations. Disadvantages
Agent soriano
CLUSTER
It necessitates fewer
resources.
SAMPLING
Selects only particular Advantages
groups from the total
population.
Agent SOriano
cluster
There are biases in the
process.
SAMPLING
Inferences would be prejudiced Disadvantages
if the clusters were produced
under a biased opinion.
Agent soriano
systematic
Simple to implement and
comprehend.
SAMPLING
Significant when conducting Advantages
studies or surveys on a
limited budget.
Agent soriano
SYSTEMATIC
High risk of data
manipulation.
SAMPLING
Any statistics that resulted Disadvantages
could not be trusted.
Agent soriano
STRATIFIED
The population studied is
accurately reflected.
SAMPLING
Researchers have more control Advantages
over the subgroups
Agent soriano
STRATIFIED
Not appropriate for all
studies.
SAMPLING
Inefficient when researchers are
unsure whether or not every member Disadvantages
of the population belongs in a
subgroup.
Agent soriano
ADVANTAGE &
DISADVANTAGE
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Agent gillera
There are fewer criteria

to follow.
CONVENIENCE
It is low-cost and
straightforward. SAMPLING
Advantages
The convenience sampling

participants are simple to
contact.
Agent gillera
Convenience sampling
might lead to biased
findings.
CONVENIENCE
SAMPLING
The results of the survey or
the sample itself cannot be
extended to the entire
population.
Disdvantages
There are just too many

sample mistakes.
Agent gillera
A good option when you

cannot get a probability
sample. QUOTA
SAMPLING
Allows us to compare groups Advantages
more readily (strata).
Agent gillera
Quota
The sample in quota
sampling is not picked
SAMPLING
using random selection.
Indicates that statistical

generalizations from the Disadvantages
sample to the population are
impossible.
Agent gillera
One of the most cost- and

time-efficient sample methods
that are accessible. PURPOSIVE
SAMPLING
Helpful in anthropological Advantages
circumstances
Agent gillera
PURPOSIVE
Researchers'
susceptibility to
SAMPLING
incorrect judgment.
Inability to interpret Disadvantages

research results.
Agent gillera
Helps the researcher access

communities that are tough
to reach. SNOWBALL
SAMPLING
The procedure is
inexpensive, Advantages
straightforward, and cost-
effective.
Agent gillera
Primarily out of the

researcher's control.
SNOWBALL
SAMPLING
The sample's
representativeness cannot be
ensured.
Disadvantages
Researchers are also

concerned about sampling
bias.
Agent gillera
IMPACT
OR
APPLICATIONS

Agent Soriano
POPULATION
• STATISTICAL POPULATIONS ARE USED TO OBSERVE
BEHAVIORS, TRENDS, AND PATTERNS IN THE WAY
INDIVIDUALS IN A DEFINED GROUP INTERACT WITH THE
WORLD AROUND THEM, ALLOWING STATISTICIANS TO DRAW
CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
SUBJECTS OF STUDY, WHICH ARE MOST OFTEN HUMANS,
ANIMALS, PLANTS, AND EVEN CELESTIAL BODIES.
Agent soriano
SAMPLE
• THE USE OF SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION DIRECTLY
INFLUENCES RESEARCH FINDINGS . VERY SMALL SAMPLES
UNDERMINE THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF A
STUDY. VERY LARGE SAMPLES TEND TO TRANSFORM SMALL
DIFFERENCES INTO STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT
DIFFERENCES - EVEN WHEN THEY ARE CLINICALLY
INSIGNIFICANT.
Agent soriano
SAMPLE SIZE
• THE SAMPLE SIZE HAS AN IMPACT ON TWO STATISTICAL
PROPERTIES : 1) THE PRECISION OF OUR ESTIMATIONS
AND 2) THE STUDY'S POWER TO MAKE CONCLUSIONS.
Agent soriano
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• IN RESEARCH, SAMPLING IS EXTREMELY BENEFICIAL. IT'S ONE OF
THE MOST ESSENTIAL ASPECTS IN DETERMINING HOW ACCURATE YOUR
RESEARCH/SURVEY RESULTS ARE.
• IT ALSO SAVES MONEY BECAUSE IT ALLOWS RESEARCHERS TO COLLECT
THE SAME ANSWERS FROM A SAMPLE AS THEY WOULD FROM THE ENTIRE
POPULATION.
Agent soriano
statistical
reports and
industry
figures

Agent gillera
TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021 TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021
FACEBOOK
From 2008 – 2020 facebook have
conducted a survey from the whole
American population regarding who
uses their application. And here are
the results:
• 64% of 12- to 34-years olds

• 74% of 35- to 54-year-olds
• 52% of those 55 and over
Agent gillera
TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021 TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021
L'OréAL GROUPE
Populations, particularly in industrialized
countries, are more varied than at any
previous point in history. Migration results
in a commensurate diversification of consumer
markets, allowing for the exploitation of new
client segments.
Agent gillera
SUMMARY OF THE VIDEO

Agent Gillera
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

SUBMITTED TO: MR. RAYMOND LOPEZ
S.Y 2021-2022
• https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/population-vs-
sample/
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/population.as
p
• https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/sampling-
methods/#:~:text=Probability%20sampling%20means%20
REFERENCES
that%20every%20member%20of%20the%20target%20popula
tion,being%20included%20in%20the%20sample.&text=In
%20non%2Dprobability%20sampling%2C%20the,a%20chanc
e%20of%20being%20included.
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/quota-sampling/
• https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/hom
e/Basic+Survey+Design+-+Samples+and+Censuses
• https://www.cvent.com/en/blog/events/advantages-
disadvantages-census-surveys
• https://blog.hootsuite.com/facebook-statistics/
• https://ascholarship.com/convenience-sampling-
definition-why-and-how-to-convenience-sample-
advantages-disadvantages-of-convenience-sampling/
• https://dissertation.laerd.com/quota-sampling.php
• https://explorable.com/snowball-sampling
REFERENCES • https://quizlet.com/131555698/sampling-methods-
quiz-flash-cards/
• https://www.dummies.com/software/microsoft-
office/excel/how-to-sample-data-in-excel/
• https://www.euromonitor.com/article/using-
population-data-enhance-business-strategy
• hcontent/uploads/2017/09/ordinal-data-examples-
infographic.png
• http://intellspot.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/09/Examples-of-Nominal-Data-
short-infographic.png
• https://learn.g2.com/hubfs/G2CR_B071_Discrete_vs_
Continuous_Data_V1.png
• https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/ho
REFERENCES me/statistical+language+-
+what+are+variables#:~:text=A%20variable%20is%20a
ny%20characteristics,type%20are%20examples%20of%2
0variables
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/nominal-ordinal-
interval-ratio/
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-
statistics/statistics-definitions/nominal-
ordinal-interval-ratio/
• https://studyonline.unsw.edu.au/blog/types-of-
data
• Data. (n.d.). Continuous and Discrete Data.

http://datainfomaths.weebly.com/continuous-and-discrete-
data.html
• Minitab Blog Editor. (April 7, 2017). Why Is Continuous Data
"Better" than Categorical or Discrete Data.
https://blog.minitab.com/en/understanding-statistics/why-is-
continuous-data-better-than-categorical-or-discrete-data
• National Institute for Children’s Health Quality. (April 1,
2021). Qualitative Data Collection: 7 Things Researchers Need
to Know to Get it Right.
REFERENCES
https://www.nichq.org/insight/qualitative-data-analysis-7-
things-researchers-need-know-get-it-right
• Sharma, R. (December 1, 2020). 4 Types of Data: Nominal,
Ordinal, Discrete, Continuous.
https://www.upgrad.com/blog/types-of-data/
• University of New South Wales Sydney. (January 30, 2020).
Types of data & the scales of measurement.
https://studyonline.unsw.edu.au/blog/types-of-data.
• USC Libraries. (n.d.). Organizing Your Social Sciences
Research Paper.
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• Williams, T. A. , Anderson, . David R. and Sweeney, . Dennis
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https://www.britannica.com/science/statistics

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GROUP 2

AGENT MA. THERESE AGUIRRE

AGENT AYESSA MARI FERRER

AGENT THEA GILLERA

AGENT JAKE BRYAN LUCENDO

AGENT LIXIE IMEE SORIANO

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

Objectives CHARACTERISTICS OF THE

• TO EXPLORE THE ADVANTAGES

QUANTITATIVE DATA Definition

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

• These are descriptive and

• These data quantify

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

• These are data whose

• These are data whose

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

• These are data with whole

• These are data with

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

Identify what type of 4

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

Objectives • TO DESCRIBE THE

• The difference between 80 degrees and

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

Identify each of the 2

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

Easy to generate from

It is the most primitve

Can only use the mode as

More informative than

Scientific measures used to

Do not contain scientific

Scoring 0 may not mean the

Ratio scales have a point

Point zero is an essential

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

“Surveys shows that survey

BASIC CONCEPT OF POPULATION AND SAMPLE

SAMPLE SIZE: MANUAL COMPUTATION

SAMPLE SIZE: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

SAMPLE SIZE: ONLINE CALCULATOR EXECUTION

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

STRATIFIED SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

STRATIFIED SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

CLUSTER SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

QUOTA SAMPLING: MICROSOFT EXCEL EXECUTION

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

One of the approaches

TECH NINJAS • OCT. 5, 2021

There are fewer criteria

The convenience sampling

There are just too many

A good option when you