Review For Major Biology

1/20/22, 3:55 PM Review for Major: Biology
NAME :
CLASS :
Review for Major: Biology
53 Questions DATE :
1.
Review for Major: Biology
By Joshua Gariando
2.
Multilple choice questions will be

presented which you will answer in 1
minute each.
And then we'll discuss the answer.
READY?
https://quizizz.com/print/quiz/61e8d366526c52001d7070d4 1/19
3. Which branch of Biology studies the characteristic structure and functions of all kinds of
cells?
A Cytology B Morphology
C Histology D Physiology
4.
Branches of Biology
Zoology - animals
Botany - plants
Cytology - cells
Histology - tissues
Anatomy - structures
Physiology - functions, etc.
5. Which of the following organs is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A Muscles B Bones
C Heart D All of the above
6.
Types of Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System - is responsible for the movements
under conscious or voluntary control (chewing, walking, staying up-
right).
• Somatic Nervous System - is responsible for involuntary
movements of smooth muscles (kidney, intestines, stomach) and
cardiac muscles (the heart).
7. How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to bacteria?
A They lack ribosomes. B They are bounded by a single membrane.
They have a limited amount of genetic They are larger than normal cells.
C D
material.
8.
Endosymbiotic Theory
believes that both the mitochondria and the chloroplast were
previously bacterial species that lived endosymbiotically with ancient
eukaryotic cells.
hat is how these two organelles have their own genetic material and
T
are able to reproduce inside the cells.
9. Which of the following is not a type of cell?
A Amoeba B Sperm
C Virus D Bacterium
10.
VIRUSES
Are NOT considered as cells. Why?
• they don't have a nucleus.
• they don't have plasma membrane and other organelles necessary
for life (ribosomes, mitochondria, etc.).
• they cannot reproduce without infecting a cell.
11. Which is the energy storage compound used to do all forms of work inside the cell?
A Nicotinamide B Electron
C Adenine D Adenosine triphosphate
12.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• It has a similar structure to nucleotides (the building blocks of DNA
and RNA) but it contains three (3) phosphate groups whose
removal releases energy that is used by the cell.
13. If meiosis reduces the chromosomes by half. What process brings it back to a diploid state?
A Mitosis B Ejaculation
C Menstruation D Fertilization
14.
Mitosis vs Meiosis
• Mitosis divides the cell into two but the amount of chromosomes is
still the same, still diploid somatic cells.
• Meiosis divides the cell into two but halves the chromosome
number into haploid sex cells.
• Fertilization unites two haploid sex cells into a zygote and brings it
back to being diploid.
• Diploid = 2n, haploid = 1n
15. What kind of tissue lines our skin and what is its important function?
A Nerve tissue; for reflexes B Connective tissue; for nutrient delivery
C Muscle tissue; for movement D Epithelial; protection from UV radiation
16.
TYPES OF TISSUES
• Epithelial - for protection, secretion, and absorption
• Nervous - for control and coordination of body activities
• Muscle - for production of movement
• Connective - for support, protection, and nutrient delivery
17. Which of these materials is no a major component of the plasma membrane?
A Glycoproteins B DNA
C Proteins D Phospholipids
18.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
The plasma membrane serves as the cell's fence from the outside
environment. It has the following components:
• phospholipid bilayer (for selective permeability)
• glycoproteins (for recognition)
• proteins (for transport)
19. Which form of RNA delivers the information from DNA to be used in making protein?
A All of the above B Ribosomal RNA
C Transfer RNA D Messenger RNA
20.
TYPES OF RNA
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) - carries the code from DNA to make
proteins
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - makes up the ribosome, the organelle
responsible for assembling amino acids into polypeptides
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) - delivers the correct amino acids to the
ribosome as it synthesizes proteins.
21. Which of the following is the building block of proteins?
A Monosaccharides B Fatty Acids
C Amino acids D Nucleotides
22.
BIOMOLECULES
Biomolecules are molecules necessary for life.
• Carbohydrates - made up of monosaccharides
• Proteins - made up of amino acids
• Lipids - made up of fatty acids
• Nucleic acids - made up of nucleotides
23. What term is used to describe the ability to maintain a constant internal environment?
A Growth and Development B Homeostasis
C Thermoregulation D Metabolism
24.
Homeostasis
This refers to an environment or an organisms ability to maintain a
steady state of living conditions.
Ex: thermoregulation
25. Which is the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own?
A Tissues B Community
C Organs D Cell
26.
Life Organization
Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organisms
27. Where do producers obtain their energy?
A Consumers B Decomposers
C Sun D Other producers
28.
Energy Flow
Sun -> Producers -> Consumers -> Decomposers
29. Where does lipid synthesis take place?
A Ribosomes B Lysosomes
C Golgi Body D Smooth ER
30.
Synthesis
Protein synthesis - in the ribosomes and rough ER
Lipid synthesis - in the smooth ER
31. Which of the following is not considered as a reproductive cell?
A Egg Cell B Somatic Cell
C Sperm Cell D Gametes
32.
Types of Cells
Sex Cells - aka. gametes. These are cells that participate in
reproduction. This includes sperm and egg cells.
Somatic Cells - any other cell that does not participate in

reproduction. Ex: blood cells, neurons, skin cells.
33. What is the branch of zoology that is devoted to the study of the fishes?
A Helminthology B Ichthyology
C Microbiology D Ornithology
34.
BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY
Ichthyology- fish (remember chondrichthyes, osteichthyes?)
Ornithology - birds
Microbiology - microorganisms
Helminthology - parasitic worms (helminths)
35. Which of the following is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone, while Invertebrates only reproduce asexually,

A B
invertebrates do not. vertebrates reproduce sexually
Vertebrates have exoskeletons, Invertebrates have a bilateral symmetry,

C D
invertebrates have endoskeletons vertebrates have a radial symmetry.
36.
Vertebrates vs Invertebrates
• Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body.
Usually have a bilaterial body symmetry (has right and left sides).
Ex: fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals.
• Invertebrates do not have a backbone, some only have soft bodies
(jellyfishand worms) while some have hard exoskeleton (spiders
and crabs). May possess bilateral or radial body symmetry.
37. Most vertebrates reproduce sexually. When does fertilization occur in sexual reproduction?
When the nucleus of the sperm fuses with When a male animal releases sperm and a
A B
the nucleus of an egg cell female animal releases egg
When the cells of an embryo begin to When part of an organism breaks off and
C D
differentiate and become specialized begins to grow independently
38.
Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction involves the production and fusion of
gametes (sex cells), and changes in the number of chromosomes.
• Asexual reproduction occurs when the new organisms springs up
from a part of an organism and the new organism inherits the full
set of genes of their single parent.
39. Which of the following is the function of the reproductive system?
to regulate body temperature to regulate the development of male and

A B
female characteristics
C to make the hormones that fight disease D to produce all the body's hormones
40.
Organ Systems
• Reproductive system - regulates the development of male and
female characteristics
• Endocrine system - production of the body's hormones
• Immune System - a part of the immune system that makes the
hormones responsible for production of cells that fight diseases
• Nervous system - controls bodily processes including body
temperature
41. Which of the following refers to commensalism?
one organism benefits and the other is one organism benefits and the other is
A B
unaffected harmed
C both organisms benefit D both organisms are harmed
42.
ORGANISM RELATIONSHIPS
• Commensalism - one benefits, the other is unaffected
• Mutualism - both organisms benefit from each other
• Predation - one organism eats the other
• Competition - both organisms are harmed
• Parasitism - one benefits, the other is harmed
43. All members of a group originate from a common ancestor and are capable of intebreeding.
The taxonomy category referred to here is...
A Kingdom B Genus
C Species D Order
44.
TAXONOMY
• Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
• Only organisms of the same species can reproduce/interbreed.
45. The process involved in the production of mRNA using DNA as a template is termed?
A Replication B Transcription
C Translation D Reverse Transcription
46.
THE CENTRAL DOGMA

• Replication - DNA to DNA, or RNA to RNA
• Transcription - DNA to RNA
• Translation - RNA to protein
• Reverse Transcription - RNA back to DNA, only done by viruses
47. What muscle is described as involuntary, not striated, and have a single nucleus?
A Cardiac B Skeletal
C Smooth D Connective
48.
Muscle Types
• Skeletal - have multiple nucleus. Controlled consciously or
voluntarily.
• Smooth - have single nucleus and is non-striated. Controlled
involuntarily.
• Cardiac- have a single nucleus and is striated. Also controlled
involuntarily.
49. What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary characteristics?
A Progesterone B Testosterone
C Estrogen D Adrenaline
50.
SEX HORMONES
• Testosterone - male sex hormone.
• Estrogen - female sex hormone.
• Progesterone - found in both males and females. In males, it is a
precursor of testosterone, and in females, it prepares the uterus for
pregnancy.
51. The cell wall of plants is made of this substance and is the reason most plants cannot be
fully digested by humans.
A Glycoproteins B Chitin
C Cellulose D Lipids
52.
Plants' cell wall

• The cell walls of plants function to provide tensile strength and
protection from mechanical and osmotic pressure.
• This layer contains cellulose -- which is responsible for its function
and is the reason it cannot be digested by humans (which lacks the
enzyme cellulase).
53.
The End.
Answer Key
1. 2. 3. a 4.
5. c 6. 7. c 8.
9. c 10. 11. d 12.
13. d 14. 15. d 16.
17. b 18. 19. d 20.
21. c 22. 23. b 24.
25. d 26. 27. c 28.
29. d 30. 31. b 32.
33. b 34. 35. a 36.
37. a 38. 39. b 40.
41. a 42. 43. c 44.
45. b 46. 47. c 48.
49. b 50. 51. c 52.
53.

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1/20/22, 3:55 PM Review for Major: Biology

Review for Major: Biology

Multilple choice questions will be

And then we'll discuss the answer.

5. Which of the following organs is controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

C Heart D All of the above

Types of Nervous System

7. How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to bacteria?

A They lack ribosomes. B They are bounded by a single membrane.

9. Which of the following is not a type of cell?

C Adenine D Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A Nerve tissue; for reflexes B Connective tissue; for nutrient delivery

C Muscle tissue; for movement D Epithelial; protection from UV radiation

17. Which of these materials is no a major component of the plasma membrane?

A All of the above B Ribosomal RNA

C Transfer RNA D Messenger RNA

21. Which of the following is the building block of proteins?

A Monosaccharides B Fatty Acids

C Amino acids D Nucleotides

A Growth and Development B Homeostasis

27. Where do producers obtain their energy?

C Sun D Other producers

Sun -> Producers -> Consumers -> Decomposers

29. Where does lipid synthesis take place?

C Golgi Body D Smooth ER

Lipid synthesis - in the smooth ER

31. Which of the following is not considered as a reproductive cell?

A Egg Cell B Somatic Cell

C Sperm Cell D Gametes

Somatic Cells - any other cell that does not participate in

Vertebrates have a backbone, while Invertebrates only reproduce asexually,

Vertebrates have exoskeletons, Invertebrates have a bilateral symmetry,

Sexual vs Asexual Reproduction

39. Which of the following is the function of the reproductive system?

to regulate body temperature to regulate the development of male and

41. Which of the following refers to commensalism?

C both organisms benefit D both organisms are harmed

C Translation D Reverse Transcription

THE CENTRAL DOGMA

49. What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary characteristics?

Plants' cell wall

9. c 10. 11. d 12.

13. d 14. 15. d 16.

17. b 18. 19. d 20.

21. c 22. 23. b 24.

25. d 26. 27. c 28.

29. d 30. 31. b 32.

33. b 34. 35. a 36.

37. a 38. 39. b 40.

41. a 42. 43. c 44.

45. b 46. 47. c 48.

49. b 50. 51. c 52.

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