Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund Business Plan for Tiruppur Municipality

Government of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund
Business Plan
Tiruppur Municipality
FINAL REPORT
June 2007
Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited

TNUIFSL_CCP_BP_Tiruppur
Abbreviations and Acronyms
BOT : Build, Operate and Transfer

BPL : Below Poverty Line
BT : Bituminous
CC : Cement Concrete
CCP : City Corporate Plan
CSC : Community Structure Component
DPR : Detailed Project Report
ELSR : Elevated Storage Reservoir
FOP : Financial and Operating Plan
FY : Financial Year
gm : Grams
GoI : Government of India
GoTN : Government of Tamil Nadu
gpcd : Grams per Capita per Day
GLSR : Ground Level Storage Reservoir
ISP : Integrated Sanitation Program
Ha : Hectares
HH : Households
HSC : House Service Connection
IPT : Intermediate Public Transport
kg : Kilograms
LCS : Low Cost Sanitation
Lit : Liters
LL : Lakh Liters
LPA : Local Planning Area
lpcd : Liters Per Capita Per Day
m : Metres
ML : Million Liters
MLD : Million Liters per Day
MSW : Municipal Solid Waste
MT : Metric Ton
NGO : Non-Governmental Organizations
NH : National Highway
Nos : Numbers
NSDP : National Slum Development Program
NTADCL New Tiruppur Area Development Corporation Limited
O&M : Operation and Maintenance
OHT : Overhead Tanks
PSP : Public Stand Post
PWD : Public Works Department
SH : State Highway
SI : Sanitary Inspector
SO : Sanitary Officer
Sq. km : Square Kilometers
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
SWM : Solid Waste Management
i
TM Tiruppur Municipality
TNEB : Tamil Nadu Electricity Board
TNRDC : Tamil Nadu Road Development Corporation
TNSCB : Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board
TNUDP : Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project
TNUIFSL : Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Services Limited
tpd : Tons per Day
TWAD : Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board
UGD : Underground Drainage
W : Watts
WBM : Water Bound Macadam
ii
Table of Contents
I. BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................1
A. Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1
1. Objectives of the study ............................................................................................................ 1
2. Scope of Work ......................................................................................................................... 1
B. City Corporate cum Business Plan.......................................................................................... 2
1. City Corporate cum Business planning Approach.................................................................. 2
2. Source of Data ........................................................................................................................ 4
C. Report Structure ...................................................................................................................... 4
II. CITY DEMOGRAPHY................................................................................................6
A. Geography and Climate .......................................................................................................... 6
B. Population Trends and Urbanization....................................................................................... 7
1 Density Pattern ....................................................................................................................... 8
C. Economic Development.......................................................................................................... 9
1 Sectoral Growth ...................................................................................................................... 9
2 Industrial Development......................................................................................................... 12
3. Growth Trends and Projections............................................................................................ 13
D. Socio-Economic Profile ........................................................................................................ 15
1. Employment........................................................................................................................... 15
2. Land and Housing................................................................................................................. 15
3. Health.................................................................................................................................... 17
4. Education .............................................................................................................................. 17
III. URBAN MANAGEMENT .........................................................................................18
A. Organization Structure of Urban Local Body ....................................................................... 18
1. Political Wing ........................................................................................................................... 18
2. Executive Wing.......................................................................................................................... 18
B. Institutions and Capacity....................................................................................................... 19
1. Institutional Arrangements and Policy Context.................................................................... 20
2. Service Delivery and Performance of Urban Local Body..................................................... 21
C. Municipal Financial Management ........................................................................................ 24
1. Municipal Fund..................................................................................................................... 24
2. Financial Status .................................................................................................................... 25
3. Revenue Account ................................................................................................................... 26
4. Water Supply and Drainage Account.................................................................................... 33
5. Capital Account .................................................................................................................... 36
6. Assets and Liabilities ............................................................................................................ 37
7. Key Financial Indicators and Issues..................................................................................... 38
IV. PLANNING AND LAND USE MANAGEMENT ...................................................41
A. Planning Efforts in the Past................................................................................................... 41
1. Master Plan Outline.............................................................................................................. 41
B. Review of Land Use Changes............................................................................................... 42
1. Master Plan Implementation and Implications..................................................................... 42
B. Land Use Management ......................................................................................................... 42
1. Land Use Pattern – Current and Future............................................................................... 42
3. Development Patterns – Growth Areas and Direction ......................................................... 46
C. Key Developmental Issues.................................................................................................... 47
V. INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES ............................................................................48
iii
A. Physical Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 48

1. Water Supply......................................................................................................................... 48
2. Sewerage and Sanitation....................................................................................................... 59
3. Storm Water Drainage and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies .................................................. 62
4. Solid Waste Management...................................................................................................... 64
5. Roads and Traffic Management ............................................................................................ 68
6. Electricity .............................................................................................................................. 74
B. Social Infrastructure.............................................................................................................. 75
1 Schools .................................................................................................................................. 75
2 Public Health ........................................................................................................................ 75
3 Parks & Playgrounds............................................................................................................ 75
VI. URBAN BASIC SERVICES FOR POOR ................................................................76
A. Infrastructure in Slums - Overview....................................................................................... 78
1. Water Supply......................................................................................................................... 78
2. Sanitation .............................................................................................................................. 78
3. Roads and Street lights ......................................................................................................... 78
4. Strom water Drains............................................................................................................... 78
5. Housing ................................................................................................................................. 80
B. Poverty Alleviation and Community Development .............................................................. 80
1. Policies, Targets and Programs............................................................................................ 80
VII. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICE PROVISION .........84
A. Rationale, Need and Demand................................................................................................ 84
1. Water Supply......................................................................................................................... 85
2. Sewerage and Sanitation....................................................................................................... 88
3. Storm Water Drainage and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies .................................................. 92
4. Solid Waste Management...................................................................................................... 94
5. Roads and Traffic Management .......................................................................................... 100
6. Street Lighting..................................................................................................................... 110
C. Project Costing for Service Delivery .................................................................................. 110
1. Water Supply....................................................................................................................... 110
2. Sewerage and Sanitation..................................................................................................... 111
3. Storm Water Drainage and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies ................................................ 111
4. Solid Waste Management.................................................................................................... 112
5. Roads and Traffic Management .......................................................................................... 113
6. Street Lighting..................................................................................................................... 114
VIII. ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN .........................................................................115
A. Overview............................................................................................................................. 115
1.
Asset Inventory.................................................................................................................... 115
2.
Business Plan ...................................................................................................................... 117
B Information of Municipal Assets. ........................................................................................... 117
1 Water Supply....................................................................................................................... 117
2 Sanitation ............................................................................................................................ 117
3 Land and Buildings ............................................................................................................. 117
C Strategies................................................................................................................................. 120
IX. RESOURCE MOBILIZATION INITIATIVES ....................................................121
A. Scope in Savings and Revenue Generation......................................................................... 121
1. Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................... 121
2. Assets................................................................................................................................... 121
B. Sector Wise Savings ........................................................................................................... 121
1. Water supply ....................................................................................................................... 121
2. Solid waste management..................................................................................................... 131
iv
3. Street lighting...................................................................................................................... 131

4. Assets................................................................................................................................... 135
C. Additional Resource Mobilization ...................................................................................... 138
1. Parking Fees ....................................................................................................................... 138
2. Advertisement Fee............................................................................................................... 138
3. Conservancy Fee................................................................................................................. 139
4. Summary ............................................................................................................................. 139
X. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN & CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN..........142
A. Financial Sustainability....................................................................................................... 142
1. Financial Sustainability ...................................................................................................... 142
2. Basic Assumptions for Projections ......................................................................................... 143
3. Project Cash Flows and FOP Results................................................................................. 152
B. The Business Plan Investment Components ....................................................................... 156
1. Infrastructure Development ................................................................................................ 156
Appendix
Appendix I: Accounts and Financial Operational plan. ...................................................................... 161
v
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Demography - Tiruppur ......................................................................................................... 7

Table 2.2: Population Density................................................................................................................. 8
Table 2.3: Density Pattern in Zones........................................................................................................ 8
Table 2.4: Summary of Density Pattern-Tiruppur .................................................................................. 9
Table 2.5: Workforce Participation...................................................................................................... 12
Table 2.6: Industrial units in Tiruppur .................................................................................................. 13
Table 2.7: Population forecast using different Methods ....................................................................... 15
Table 2.8: Occupied Census Houses..................................................................................................... 16
Table 2.9: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Roof ................................................................. 16
Table 2.10: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Wall ............................................................... 16
Table 2.11: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Floor .............................................................. 17
Table 4.1: Tiruppur Local Planning Area – Areas................................................................................ 41
Table 4.2: Land Use in the Local Planning Area – 1999, 2021 ............................................................ 43
Table 4.3: Proposed Land use of Tiruppur Municipality - 2021........................................................... 43
Table 5.21: Municipality road - Details ................................................................................................ 68
Table 5.22: Municipality Roads - Service Indicators............................................................................ 70
Table 5.23: Street Light Details ............................................................................................................ 74
Table 5.24: Street Lights - Indicators.................................................................................................... 74
Table 5.25: Education - Tiruppur.......................................................................................................... 75
Table 5.26: Public Health Facilities in Tiruppur................................................................................... 75
Table 6.1: List of Slums and population in Tiruppur............................................................................ 76
Table 6.2: Performance Indicators for Slums ....................................................................................... 83
Table 7.1: Losses in Water Supply System........................................................................................... 85
Table 7.2: Projected Water Demand and Distribution System Requirement........................................ 86
Table 7.3: Demand, Supply and Required Augmentation of Water Supply for 2026 .......................... 86
Table 7.4: Capacity requirement for the sewerage system ................................................................... 88
Table 7.5: Demand, Supply and Required Augmentation of UGD for 2026........................................ 89
Table 7.6: Comparison of Various Sewage Treatment Technologies................................................... 91
Table 7.7: Requirement until 2026 in Storm Water Drains .................................................................. 93
Table 7.8: Projected Waste Generation................................................................................................. 94
Table 7.9: Specifications for Bin System of Waste Storage at Source ................................................. 95
Table 7.10: Proposed Primary Collection System ................................................................................ 97
Table 7.11: Design Criteria and Target Service Level.......................................................................... 98
Table 7.12: Requirement until 2026 in Solid Waste Management ....................................................... 99
Table 7.13: Requirement until 2026 in Roads .................................................................................... 102
Table 7.14 Identified Major Roads ..................................................................................................... 104
Table 7.15: Identified Major Internal Roads....................................................................................... 106
Table 7.16: Identified Ring road improvement................................................................................... 107
Table 7.17: Identified Major Junctions and Proposed Improvements ................................................ 107
Table 7.18: Requirement until 2026 in Street Lighting ...................................................................... 110
Table 7.19: Capital Investment for Water Supply (2026)................................................................... 111
Table 7.20: Capital Investment for Sewerage System (2026)............................................................. 111
Table 7.21: Capital Investment for Drains (2011) .............................................................................. 112
Table 7.22: Capital Investment for Solid Waste Management (2026)................................................ 112
Table 7.23: Capital Investment for Road enhancement (2011) .......................................................... 113
Table 7.24: Capital Investment for Traffic Management.................................................................... 114
Table 7.25: Capital Investment for Street Lighting ............................................................................ 114
Table 8.1: Remunerative Assets – Commercial Complexes............................................................... 118
Table 8.2: Remunerative Assets – Markets and Toilets...................................................................... 119
Table 8.3: Non-Remunerative Assets - Structures.............................................................................. 120
Table 9.1: Comparison of existing pumps with ideal condition ......................................................... 123
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Table 9.2: Estimation of net energy saving at head works ................................................................. 124
Table 9.3: Estimation of net energy saving at Nadur pump house ..................................................... 125
Table 9.4: Estimation of net energy saving at Pogalur pump house ................................................... 126
Table 9.5: Estimation of net energy saving at Nambiyampalayam pump house ................................ 127
Table 9.6: Estimation of net energy saving at Perichipalayam pump house....................................... 128
Table 9.7: Staffing details at head works & Pump houses.................................................................. 130
Table 9.8: Expenditure trend in street lighting ................................................................................... 131
Table 9.9: Salient features of Retro fit tube lights .............................................................................. 132
Table 9.10: Comparison of conventional tube lights with retrofit lights ............................................ 132
Table 9.11: Assumption for calculating energy savings ..................................................................... 133
Table 9.12: Energy savings in street lighting...................................................................................... 134
Table 9.13: Additional Revenue Estimation from Remunerative Assets............................................ 136
Table 9.14: Estimated Parking Fee ..................................................................................................... 138
Table 9.15: Estimation of Advertisement fee ..................................................................................... 140
Table 9.16: Estimation of Conservancy Fee ....................................................................................... 140
Table 9.17: Estimated additional revenue from expenditure control and resource mobilization........ 141
Table 10.1: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Property Tax .......................................... 143
Table 10.2: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Water Charges ....................................... 144
Table 10.3: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Sewerage Charges.................................. 144
Table 10.4: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Solid Waste conservancy fee ................. 145
Table 10.5: Key growth rate assumptions for income from other own sources.................................. 146
Table 10.6: Key growth rate assumptions for income from assigned sources .................................... 146
Table 10.7: Key growth rate assumptions for income from grants & contributions........................... 146
Table 10.8: Key growth rate assumptions for forecasting revenue expenditure................................. 147
Table 10.9: Key growth rate assumptions for forecasting water supply revenue expenditure ........... 147
Table 10.10: Assumptions for O&M Expenditure.............................................................................. 148
Table 10.11: Proposed Financing Pattern ........................................................................................... 148
Table 10.12: Summary of estimated investment requirement and phasing schedule ......................... 149
Table 10.13: Summary of phased investment in full project investment scenario ............................. 149
Table 10.14: Financing pattern for proposed projects ........................................................................ 150
Table 10.15: One-time charges for water & sewerage connections.................................................... 150
Table 10.16: Project funding option- Base cost .................................................................................. 153
Table 10.17: Financial Operating Plan Results - Tiruppur Municipality............................................ 154
Table 10.18: Summary of Full Project Cash Flow.............................................................................. 155
Table 10.19: Investment Phasing for the Water Supply Sector .......................................................... 156
Table 10.20: Investment Phasing for the Sewerage and Sanitation .................................................... 157
Table 10.21: Investment Phasing for the Road improvement and traffic management ...................... 157
Table 10.22: Investment Phasing for Storm Water Drains ................................................................. 158
Table 10.23: Investment Phasing for the Solid Waste Management Sector ....................................... 159
Table 10.24: Investment Phasing for the Street Lighting Sector ........................................................ 159
Table 10.25: Investment Phasing for other components..................................................................... 160
Table 10.26: Component wise Sustainable Investments..................................................................... 160
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List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Approach to Business Plan................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2.1: Location of Tiruppur Municipality....................................................................................... 6
Figure 2.2: Population Growth Rate ....................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2.3: Industrial Distribution - Tiruppur....................................................................................... 12
Figure 2.4: Growth trend in Tiruppur ................................................................................................... 13
Figure 3.1: Total Revenue Income and Expenditure Trend .................................................................. 25
Figure 3.2: Total Capital Income and Expenditure Trend .................................................................... 26
Figure 3.3: Source of Income (2000 to 2004) ....................................................................................... 26
Figure 3.4: Property Tax Collection Performance ................................................................................ 28
Figure 3.5: Items of Revenue Expenditure (2000 to 2004)................................................................... 31
Figure 3.6: Sector Wise Salary Composition (2000 to 2004) ............................................................... 32
Figure 3.7: Water & Drainage Account Expenditure Trend ................................................................. 34
Figure 3.8: Water Charge Collection Performance............................................................................... 35
Figure 4.1: Land use of Local Planning Area - 2001............................................................................ 42
Figure 4.2: Proposed Land use pattern – 2021...................................................................................... 43
Figure 4.3: Growth Direction of Tiruppur Town .................................................................................. 46
Figure 5.1: Composition of Solid Waste............................................................................................... 65
Figure 10.1: Full Project Funding Strategy......................................................................................... 152
Maps
Map 2.1: Adminstrative Boundaries (wards) in Tiruppur..................................................................... 10

Map 2.2: Ward wise Density Pattern in Tiruppur ................................................................................. 11
Map 4.1: Landuse Map of Tiruppur Municipality – 1999 .................................................................... 44
Map 4.2: Proposed Landuse Map of Tiruppur Municipality – 2021 .................................................... 45
Map 5.1: Existing Water Supply in Tiruppur ....................................................................................... 50
Map 5.2: Existing Sanitation Facilities in Tiruppur.............................................................................. 60
Map 5.3: Existing Water Bodies in Tiruppur........................................................................................ 63
Map 5.4: Road Network in Tiruppur .................................................................................................... 69
Map 6.1: Slum pockets in Tiruppur ...................................................................................................... 79
Map 8.1: Remunerative and Non-Remunerative Assets in Tiruppur.................................................. 116
viii
I. BACKGROUND
A. Introduction
1. As part of Tamil Nadu Urban Development Programme- II, The City Corporate Plan was
prepared for Tiruppur Municipality during 1999 - 2000. The CCP mainly focused on the
vision, strategies, activities and projects to be carried out by the Municipality to enhance
the service delivery. Though the CCP provided an appropriate investment strategy with a
capital investment program the municipality was not in a position to implement the same
due to lack of clear implementation schedule, resource mobilization or expenditure control
to sustain proposed investments. Considering this, Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure
Financial Service Limited has proposed to update the CCP and formulate Business Plan
comprising of a robust implementation schedule and activities to be initiated by the
municipality to enhance its sustaining capacity to improve its credit worthiness.
1. Objectives of the study
2. The main objective of the City Corporate Plan was to emphasize on issues of priority local
concerns for livability, and the implied requirements in terms of
a. Enhancing City Productivity

b. Reducing Poverty
c. Improving Management
d. Enhancing Financial Sustainability
3. The objective of the assignment is to formulate a Business Plan comprising of appropriate

policies and actions that are practically implementable so as to accomplish the objectives
of the CCP.
2. Scope of Work
4. The scope of services for converting CCP to Business Plan broadly covers the following
areas.
(i) Financial Assessment of Urban Local Bodies;

(ii) Assess Levels of service, coverage and quality of municipal services in both poor
and non-poor localities;
(iii) Outline issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service
levels and coverage, and institutional constraints;
(iv) Prepare a Financial and Operating Plan (FOP);
(v) Indicate and assess areas for expenditure reduction, revenue mobilization and
management;
(vi) Prepare a draft Memorandum of Understanding between Urban Local Body and
Tamil Nadu Urban Infrastructure Financial Service Limited for effective
implementation and monitoring of the Business Plan;
1
(vii) Initiate consultations with council and local stakeholders on the priorities;
(viii) Finalize Business Action Plan for the City, with a resolution from the council on the
priorities and commitment to implement revenue and management improvement
measures;
(ix) Identify the obligations on the part of the Urban Local Body/ Tamil Nadu Urban
Infrastructure Financial Service Limited /Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund /
Government for successful implementation of the Business Plan;
B. City Corporate cum Business Plan
5. The Corporate Plan is a strategic plan, which sets out in detail the policy and investment
options. The plan sets out baseline for the performance of the municipality, its priorities
and aims for future. The Business Plan is the tool to implement projects and reforms to be
undertaken by the ULB. In addition, the Business Plan would formulate strength for
additional resource mobilization to enhance the credit worthiness of the ULB
1. City Corporate cum Business planning Approach
6. The approach of the Corporate Plan cum Business Plan is iterative in nature and is
presented in Figure 1.1
7. For the formulation of the City Corporate Plan cum Business Plan, the future vision of the
city was developed through a participatory approach, initiated in July 2002. Public
Consultations were conducted at the town level with the Municipal Councilors, officials,
line agencies and identified stakeholders.
2
Figure 1.1: Approach to Business Plan
•• Rates
Rates of
of growth
growth
•• Revenue
Revenue revision
revision assumptions
assumptions
Situation Analysis
•• Collection
Collection performance
performance
City
City Strategic
Strategic Plan
Plan •• Expenditure
Expenditure growth
growth Assumptions
Assumptions
Legal
Legal // Systems
Systems •• Expenditure
Expenditure Management
Management
shared
shared long-term
long-term vision
vision
Municipal
Municipal Acts
Acts •• Revenue
Revenue Enhancement
Enhancement Measures
Measures
•• Taxation
Taxation Powers
Powers •• Assumption
Assumption on on O&M
O&M for
for new
new
•• Borrowing
Borrowing Provisions
Provisions investments
investments
•• Budgeting
Budgeting Systems
Systems City
City Corporate
Corporate Plan
Plan •• Lending
Lending options
options
•• Accounting
Accounting Practices
Practices ULBs’
ULBs’ commitment
commitment to
to citizens
citizens -- Loan
Loan grant
grant mix
mix
-- Loan
Loan terms
terms
Finances City
City Business
Business Capital
Capital
Finances
•Sources Plan
Plan Investment
Investment Plan
Plan
•Sources & & Uses
Uses of
of funds
funds
•Base
•Base and
and basis
basis of
of levy
levy of
of
major
major taxes
taxes and
and charges
charges
•Collection
•Collection issues
issues Financial
Financial
•Uses
•Uses and
and
•Rate
•Rate of
of growth
growth Project
Project Identification
Identification & & Operating
Operating
•Per-capita
•Per-capita Analysis
Analysis Facility
Facility Siting
Siting Plan
Plan
•• Sectoral
Sectoral Strategies
Strategies
•• Integration
Integration ofof Line
Line Agency
Agency
Services
Services Projects
Projects
•• Current
Current levels
levels of
of services
services •• Public
Public Priorities
Priorities
•• Water
Water supply
supply
•• Sanitation
Sanitation Sustainable
•• Roads
Roads Investment
•• Solid
Solid Waste
Waste Management
Management
•• Drainage
Drainage
•• Lighting
Lighting Capital
Capital Investment
Investment
•• Traffic
Traffic &
& Transportation
Transportation Need
Need && Prioritization
Prioritization Project
Project Pipeline
Pipeline
Implementation
Implementation Strategy
Strategy
Management
Management Strategy
Strategy
3
2. Source of Data
8. A varied list of organisations apart from Tiruppur municipality were consulted for putting
together the data presented in the report and used for analysis by the consultants through the
City Corporate cum Business Plan preparation process.
9. The census data for the town is made available by the directorate of Census operations
Tamilnadu. Institutions and organisations like DTCP, DIC, TWAD board, IMA, Local
NGOs, Private organisations etc have provided the necessary data for the respective
services.
10. The municipality has provided the necessary data with respect to infrastructure at the ward
level. This was instrumental in preparation of the Business plan, which includes Capital
Investment program for the municipality and prioritizing the needs at the local level.
C. Report Structure
11. The present report is the final report containing the following chapters.
(i) Chapter 1 is an introduction to the City Corporate Planning Process and presents in
brief the methodology and the background of the project in context of 74th
Constitutional Amendment Act and the new powers assigned to Urban Local Bodies.
(ii) Chapter 2 gives the profile of the city in terms of its demographic characteristics, past
trends and growth, population projections and future trends. It also describes the
regional setting and economic developmental activities focusing on the economic
base, road and rail linkages and the impact of economic activities in the development
of the town. The chapter also includes the population projections for the town, which
would be used for analyzing the future demand of the infrastructure.
(iii) Chapter 3 provides a review of the urban governance aspects of the municipality with
a focus on the organizational responsibilities and emerging initiatives.
(iv) Chapter 4 describes the land use and spatial growth of the town, concentration of
economic activities, review of the master plan and the future growth of the town,
spatially.
(v) Chapter 5 focus on the urban infrastructure including water supply, sanitation, solid
waste management, roads, storm water drainage and street lighting. The chapter
presents the existing situation in terms of coverage, deficiencies and key issues in
delivery, provision of urban services and analyses of the projects identified by the
municipality.
(vi) Chapter 6 deals with urban poor settlements, its infrastructure services available in
poor settlements and up lift programs
(vii) Chapter 7 focus on water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, roads, storm
4
water drainage, street lighting and housing requirements for the slums. The chapter
presents the existing situation in terms of coverage, deficiencies and key issues in
delivery, provision of urban services and analyses of the projects identified by the
municipality.
(viii) Chapter 8 describes the asset management plan.
(ix) Chapter 9 describes regarding resource mobilization initiatives. The analysis mainly
focused on saving in respective sectors.
(x) Chapter 10 describes financial operating plan and municipal sustainability.
5
II. CITY DEMOGRAPHY
A. Geography and Climate
Figure 2.1: Location of Tiruppur Municipality
KARNATAKA
12. Tiruppur is located in the Coimbatore
district and is an important industrial SALEM
SATYAMANGALAM
centers of Tamil Nadu. The town is NILGIRIS
NH.7
situated at a distance of 448 kms to the UDAGAMANDALAM
ERODE
South - West of Chennai and at the METTUPALAYAM
intersection 70O 22' longitude and 11O .47

NH
TIRUPUR
6' latitude. Tiruppur, situated in the COIMBATORE
KERALA
Coimbatore – Tiruchirapalli industrial
PALAKKAD
belt known as the seventh largest
DHARAPURAM
industrial corridor of the country POLLACHI
UDUMALAIPET
13. River Noyyal, originating from the PALANI
Velangiri Hills and flowing through the

city center in the easterly direction and
the Western Ghats on the near west, are
the major geographical features of this
region.
14. Spread over an area of 27.19 Sq.km, Tiruppur is the second largest town in the district of
Coimbatore. With a population of over 3.0 lakhs, the economy of the town revolves around
the manufacture of hosiery and cotton products.
15. Tiruppur started off as a small union and became a town with the inclusion of
Thennampalayam, Karuvampalayam, and Valipalayam villages on 1st of December 1947.
One of the earliest activities of the Tiruppur Municipality was the setting up of a Cotton
Market Committee. The Committee decided on utilizing the monetary benefits through the
trade for improving the civic facilities in the town.
16. Linkage and connectivity: In terms of linkages, Tiruppur is located on the Chennai-
Trivandrum broad gauge railway line and Salem-Kanyakumari National Highway (NH47)
passes close to the city.
17. Physical and Geographical Characteristics: Tiruppur is characterized by an undulating

terrain with the height ranging between 290m and 322m above MSL. A number of small
streams that confluence in the River Noyyal flowing through the center of the town; also
characterize the landscape of the town.
18. With regards to geology, the town lies in the black cotton tract of Coimbatore district and
black loam / black clay soils are predominant in the region. The water retention capacity of
the black soil of the region is conducive for the cultivation of cotton. Also found in the
6
region are alluvial rocks, few arterial formations and lime stone deposits.
19. Climate and Rainfall: The hot and dry climate of the region is one of the factors influencing
the cotton crop harvest in the region. The temperature of Tiruppur ranges from a low of
200C to a high of 380C and receives scanty rains due to its location on the leeward side of
the Western Ghats.
20. Owing to these factors, the average rainfall of Tiruppur has declined from an average 927
mm in the decade 1971-81 to 600 mm in the decade 1981-91.
B. Population Trends and Urbanization
21. Population Growth Trends: The population of Tiruppur city is 3.47 lakhs as per the 2001
census. The population has grown from 0.52 lakhs in 1911 to 3.47 lakhs by the year 2001
with an average annual growth rate of 4.5 percent and an average decadal growth rate of
45.91 percent.
Figure 2.2: Population Growth Rate

22. Tiruppur, being one of the most Population Grow th Rate
important industrial clusters in
this part of the country, has
120
witnessed a significant 47
Population in Lakhs
100
percent growth mainly
80
contributed by the ever-
60
expanding knitwear products
and garment manufacture 40
industry. A major factor that 20

adds to the attractiveness of 0
Tiruppur is its salubrious 1951-61 1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01
climate extended from Nilgiris. Year
Table 2.1: Demography - Tiruppur

Year Population Decadal Growth
Nos. Percent
1951 52,479 58.5
1961 79,773 52.0
1971 1,13,302 42.0
1981 1,65,205 45.8
1991 2,35,661 42.6
2001 3,46,551 47.0
Source: Census of India
23. The availability of power, clubbed with raw material availability for textile processing has
led to the establishment of many industries thereby resulting in a steady increase in
population from 1951 with an average annual growth rate of about 3.7 percent, which is
very high when compared to many cities in Tamil Nadu.
7
24. Tiruppur Municipality was upgraded as a Special Grade Municipality in 1983. The current
jurisdiction of the Municipality spans over 27.19 Sq.km, housing a population of about 3.47
lakhs people. The town has witnessed a tremendous growth with an average decadal growth
rate of above 45 percent during the last three decades. The population density of the town
has doubled in the past three decades, with majority of developments having occurred in
areas on the northern side of River Noyyal and towards Avinashi and Coimbatore.
1 Density Pattern
25. The population in Tiruppur is spread over an area of 27.19 sq. km with a density of 12,746
persons/ Sq.km. The density has increased from 8600 persons per Sq.km in 1991 to 12746
persons per Sq.km in 2001 (increase of about 48 percent). Population density of Tiruppur
municipality is listed in Table: 2.2.
Table 2.2: Population Density

Year Density Percent increase
Per / Sq.Km
1981 6,000 42.8
1991 8,600 43.3
2001 12,746 48.2
Source: Census of India, Analysis
26. The municipality manages delivery of services in all 52 wards within municipal limits;
covering an area of 27.19 Sq.km. The City is bifurcated almost equally by railway line in
the center. The north of the railway line has higher density (13,577 persons per Sq.km) in
comparison to the average density of the town. The zone wise density pattern is given in
Table 2.3.
Table 2.3: Density Pattern in Zones

Wards (Nos.) North of Railway South of Railway Total/
line line average
Ward List 24 28 52
Population (2001) 173,321 135,591 308912
Area (sq. km) 12.77 11.94 24.71
Average Density (persons/Sq.km) 13,577 11,352 12,464
Source: Analysis
27. Saturated Wards: Ward wise density analysis indicates that, about 9 wards have very high
or saturated densities (>25,000 persons per Sq.km). Areas in and around
Thiruneelakandapuram road, Kangeyam road, big garden main road, Kumaraswamy Nagar,
the density range from 45,000 to 60,000 persons per Sq.km. Further development is not
expected in these areas.
28. Constraint Wards: Areas in and around Elango layout, Dharapuram road, Jawahar Nagar,
Kannagi Nagar, Palladam road, south garden road have densities between areas like
P.N.Palayam and Ramanthapuram are noted to have densities between 25,000 to 45,000
persons per Sq.km. These areas are fast growing and would reach the saturated levels soon.
29. Potential Wards: About 50 percent of the wards (25 wards) are identified with density
8
between 10, 000 and 25,000. These wards are identified are the potential wards for future
development and high growth rate is attributed to these wards. It is observed that, most of
the wards in this category are located around the wards with high and saturated densities,
which clearly implies its positive growth trend.
30. About 18 wards are observed with densities around 10,000 persons per Sq. km. Low
densities in these wards are attributed to the location along the municipality periphery,
presence of industrial units or ancillary units. The summary of the density pattern is
tabulated in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4: Summary of Density Pattern-Tiruppur

Range Density No of wards Ward Nos.
0-8000 Very Low 6 22,30,34,36,38,40
8000 - 10000 Low 12 1,12,20,25,27,28,33,37,39,41,45,50
10000-15000 Medium 9 2,3,4,13,17,21,23,29,48
15000-25000 High 6 5,6,11,1618,19,24,26,31,35,42,44,49,51,52
25000-45000 Very High 6 8,9,14,15,32,43
>45000 Saturated 3 10,46,47
Source: Analysis
C. Economic Development
1 Sectoral Growth
31. The economy of the town revolves around the manufacture of hosiery, cotton and knitwear
products. From being producers of basic knit garments for the lower end of the domestic
market, Tiruppur knitwear cluster has today a diversified production range comprising T
shirts, Polo shirts, Sportswear, Sweat shirts, Outer wear, Ladies dresses, Children garments,
Nightwear etc. There are about 5000 units in and around Tiruppur concentrated mainly in
the production of knitted garments. As the cotton garments are limited to spring and summer
seasons in the European and western countries, the industry had diversified its production
range to include winter garments, using polar fleece and blended fabrics which have round
the year demand in the international markets. Now winter garments manufacturing holds a
significant 20 percent share in the total production from Tiruppur.
32. The growth of exports of knitwear from Tiruppur has been phenomenal since the
announcing of the long-term quota policy. The share of knitwear in total garment exports
(30 percent of total exports from the country) is 40 percent and the share of Tiruppur
knitwear is 36 percent. The exports from Tiruppur at present are in the range of Rs. 5000
Crores, which the industry plans to double in the next 5 years
9
Map 2.1: Adminstrative Boundaries (wards) in Tiruppur
10
Map 2.2: Ward wise Density Pattern in Tiruppur
11
33. Occupational Pattern: The city has witnessed rapid growth over the past few decades with
its economy revolving around production Knitwear and other ancillary industries. In terms
of work force, the participation ratio has increased from 35.8 percent of the total population
in 1971 to 37.22 percent in 1991 and 46.9 percent in 2001. Due to the fast urbanization of
the town and its environs with fast emerging residential and commercial sites, there seems
to be no possibility of the growth of the primary sector. The work force participation is
presented in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5: Workforce Participation

Category 1991 2001
No. of Persons
Primary Sector 704 731
Secondary Sector 72,298 2535
Tertiary Sector 14,723 153,894 *
Total 87,725 162,520
Workforce participation rate (%) 37.3 46.9
Note: * Includes the figures of Livestock & Mining, HH & Industry and the tertiary sector.
2 Industrial Development
Figure 2.3: Industrial Distribution - Tiruppur

34. Tiruppur has witnessed strong economic
growth over the last decade. With a
rapidly growing hosiery industry and an
ever rising export demand for quality
garments, the town has been in the
limelight of the textile trade.
35. The town's contribution, in quantity

terms, to the all India apparel export has
risen from 10 percent in 1987 to 23
percent in 1996, while the contribution
from all other cities has declined, during
this period. Efforts by industrial
organizations such as the Apparel Export
Promotion Council (AEPC) and the Tiruppur Exporters Association (TEA) have played a
major role in bringing about this turnaround. Figure: 2.3 represent the industrial
distribution.
36. There are about 4720 industrial units in the local planning area, with about 3350 units (75
percent) in Tiruppur town and 1370 units (25 percent) in the local planning area. Of the
3350 industries located in the town, 3250 (88 percent) of these units are knitwear and
related industries (Table 2.6).
12
Table 2.6: Industrial units in Tiruppur

Type of Units Total Within Municipality Outside Municipality
Nos. in Within LPA
LPA No. of Female No. of Female
Units Workforce Units Workforce
Knitting and/ or Stitching Units 3,250 2,275 84,000 975 36,000
Dyeing and/ or Bleaching Units 630 476 590 154 311
Printing Units 350 245 2,100 105 900
Embroidery Units 260 189 3,988 72 1,513
Others * 230 166 684 64 266
Total 4,720 3,350 91,361 1,370 38,989
Source: Approximate Estimates based on Discussions with the Industry Associations.
*Other units include units involved in Compacting, Raising, and Calendaring etc.
37. Most of the dyeing and bleaching units are located in and around Veerapandi, Andipalayam
and Nallur villages with the base of Jamunai Pallam, Noyyal River and other channels. The
other supporting service units like cartons, labels, polyethylene bags, elastic tapes and
baniyan companies and mainly located along the main cordon roads like Avinashi road,
Palladam road and Perumanallur road.
38. Over the last two decades, Tiruppur has emerged as India’s leading knitwear exporter
during the last decade, exporting garments worth nearly US $ 1.00 Billion (90 percent of
India’s knitwear exports). All this, it has achieved despite severe constraints in terms of
availability of quality infrastructure, which if continued for long, would affect the future
prospects of the industry
3. Growth Trends and Projections

Figure 2.4: Growth trend in Tiruppur
39. Growth Trend: The main aim of

understanding the determinants of spatial
development is to assess the factors which
make less land ideally suited for urban
development. The determinants are the
influence factors of spatial growth and
sprawl. Some of them will aid the growth,
where as some of them will negate the
growth. For example, the influence of
green areas and water bodies are highly
worth mentioning in the city’s growth in a
sustainable manner. Decisions to conserve
them will always find support in any City’s
Development Agenda. The trends of
growth pattern is illustrated in Figure 2.4
40. Some of the major reasons in using these determinants as decision factors are to arrive at
sustainable policies of conserving water and other natural resources, economically and
financially viable infrastructure development, employment opportunities etc. Thus by taking
key decisions factors or Determinants as a rule for programming spatial developments, a
13
comprehensive, sustainable growth management policy can be formulated.
41. The city is growing in all directions i.e. towards the north (Avinashi road, Perumanallur
road), West (Coimbatore road) and South (Palladam road) along the major radial roads. In
the past, the growth direction was towards the North along Avinashi road. However, due to
the surge in industrial development and the global prominence of the city, the city is
developing in all directions.
42. Tiruppur is one of the major industrial town in south India, where in most of the textile
products produced are exported across the world. There is need to improve the connectivity
with the nearest ports for export of finished products. The nearest port to Tiruppur is
Tuticorin. The linkage between the towns need to be upgraded for easy accessibility. This
will help in development of the entire region in the state.
43. Urban Land and Urbanisable land: The wards on the periphery like 22, 30, 34, 36, 38 and
40 still have a lot of open lands and are only sparsely urbanized. Further developments are is
likely to take place in these wards. These include areas along the Avinashi Road, near new
bus stand area, Palladam road etc and peripheral areas like Padmavathypuram, Malathi
Nagar, Samundipuram (college road) etc.
44. At the regional level, it is evident that the major urban sprawl corridors are Avinashi Road,
Perumanallur road, Coimbatore road (college road) and Erode road which are towards the
north, north east, west and east of the city. Considering the newer initiatives poses a greater
potential exists for the outer wards in proximity to the above. The urbanisable land is
predominant outside the City limits in the form of plotted development/ layout development.
In addition, a lot of open land is available in the peripheral municipalities around the city,
which would become urbanisable in future.
45. The knitwear industry in Tiruppur has recognized the need to go up the value chain through
product diversification as the demand after the phase-out of quota-regime from January
2005, is selective to cater to the discriminating tastes of the consumers or buyers from
different countries as well as the domestic market. The industry sources have estimated the
export potential at Rs. 7500 crores per annum and domestic potential at Rs. 2000 crores per
annum in the next five years.
46. Population Projection: The growth of population would accentuate the need for the
provision of infrastructure and other services, which have to be planned and prioritized to
meet the demand. Though it is difficult to forecast with accuracy the population of the city
in future, considering the past growth rates and with the available information the likely
future population if forecasted to provide an estimate of the size of population in future. It is
important to review the projections from time to time and in this instance, the census of
2001 has been considered for future growth projections.
47. The population of Tiruppur Municipality has more than doubled from 1.13 lakhs in 1971 to
2.35 lakhs in 1991. The average annual growth during the last century has been about 4
percent, and during the three decades it has grown at over 3.5 per cent per annum
48. Population for 2001, was projected using Arithmetic Increase method, Incremental Increase
method and Geometrical Progression method, Line of best fit method, Semi Log method,
14
Exponential growth method & Decadal growth method and the one which gave the nearest
to the actual census figure has been adopted. Population projection by Geometric Increase
Method gave the nearest figure to the census figure of 2001. Thus, this method was adopted
for population projection for Tiruppur Municipality. It is also noted that, the Geometric
Increase Method also closely matches with the projection that was done in the earlier City
Corporate Plan. The population projection is listed in the Table 2.7
Table 2.7: Population forecast using different Methods

Projection Method Forecast Population
2011 2021 2026 2031 2036
Arithmetic Increase 380,601 414,650 435,080 448,700 462,319
Incremental Increase 469,556 558,512 609,853 665,769 726,261
Geometric Increase 507,076 741,957 932,313 1,085,636 1,264,173
Exponential Increase 417,590 606,557 731,026 881,036 1,061,830
Trend line method 474,858 625,886 697,830 778,044 844,386
Source: Analysis
49. The Trend line method has used past trend of population growth to project the 2036
population
50. The Trend line method, which forecasts the population on the basis of the past declining
trend, seems to be more appropriate as it is comparable to towns of similar characteristics
and size. Thus, this population figures is used for the estimation for further requirements
D. Socio-Economic Profile
1. Employment
51. Major employment in the City is provided by Tertiary Sector mainly in Industries and
related ancillary activities. More than 85 percent of the workforce is employed in Tertiary
Sector.
52. It is also noted that, Tiruppur serves as a major commercial hub for its surrounding towns
and villages with about 7 percent of the property tax assessments being commercial
establishments. These commercial activities also generate significant employment
opportunities.
53. Owing to the presence of numerous yarn, dyeing units and the opening up of the market
serves as a potential employment base and presents a great opportunity for the development
of Tiruppur.
2. Land and Housing
54. As per Census 2001, there are 92,221 census houses, out of which 88,277 are occupied and
the remaining 3,934 are vacant. The residences form the major occupied houses in the town
with 76.5 percent of total occupied census houses. The commercial and public institutions
like shops and offices account for about 10.41 percent of the total occupied census houses.
It is also noted that about 8.2 percent of the total occupied structures is attributed to the
15
factories, work shops, work sheds etc clearly explicating the industrial nature of the town.
The details of occupied census houses are illustrated in Table: 2.8
Table 2.8: Occupied Census Houses

Occupied Census House Number Distribution
Percent
Residence 67,553 76.5
Residence, cum-other , use 1,463 1.7
Shop, Office 9,197 10.4
School, College, etc. 118 0.1
Hotel, Lodge, Guest house, etc. 259 0.3
Hospital, Dispensary, etc. 306 0.3
Factory, Work-shop, Work-shed etc. 7,201 8.2
Place of worship 250 0.3
Other non-residential use 1,930 2.2
55. Average Household Size. The total number of households in Tiruppur according to census
2001 is 92,221. Correspondingly, the household size is 4.5, which is lower than the national
average of 5.
56. Census of Tamil Nadu has classified houses based on the type of roof material, which is
detailed out in Table 2.9. Like any other towns or cities in India, concrete roof and tiled
roof is most predominant (92 percent) in Tiruppur.
Table 2.9: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Roof

Type of Roof Numbers Distribution
Nos. percent
Grass, Thatch, Bamboo, Wood, Mud, etc 2916 3.16
Plastic, Polythene 158 0.17
Tiles 52705 57.16
Slate 107 0.12
G.I., Metal, Asbestos Sheets 3665 3.97
Brick 591 0.64
Stone 224 0.24
Concrete 31704 34.38
Any Other Material 141 0.15
Total Census Houses 92211
57. Based on the type of wall in occupied census houses, the census classification is given in the
Table 2.10. The use of brick wall is very predominant with 61 percent of the total occupied
census houses followed by the Stone and Mud, Un-burnt bricks.
Table 2.10: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Wall

Type of Wall Number Distribution
Nos. percent
Grass, Thatch, Bamboo etc 4681 5.08
Plastic, Polyethylene 173 0.19
Mud, Unburnt Bricks 8827 9.57
Wood 247 0.27
16
Type of Wall Number Distribution

Nos. percent
G.I, Metal, Asbestos 751 0.81
Burnt Brick 56126 60.87
Stone 13831 15.00
Concrete 6211 6.74
Any other material 1364 1.48
Total 92211 100.00
58. Based on the type of floor in occupied census houses, the census classification is given in
the Table 2.11. The use of cement floor is most preferred with 79 percent of the total
occupied census houses followed by mosaic and mud.
Table 2.11: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Floor

Type of Floor Number Distribution
Nos. percent
Mud 6800 7.37
Wood, Bamboo 117 0.13
Brick 486 0.53
Stone 300 0.33
Cement 72989 79.15
Mosaic, Floor Tiles 11115 12.05
Any Other Material 404 0.44
Total 92211 100.00
3. Health
59. People’s health is a major determinant of their quality of life and ability to participate fully
in the community. Municipality maintains 14 nos. of sanitary division including malaria
eradication. There are five hospitals and three maternity centers maintained by the
municipality.
4. Education
60. The Municipality maintains 64 schools with a total teaching strength of 356 and student
strength of 29,623. Of the 64 schools run by the Municipality, 26 are Elementary schools, 4
Higher Elementary or Middle schools and 34 Higher Secondary schools.
61. There are 99 ICDS centres and 39 noon meal centre serving the students in Tiruppur
municipality
17
III. URBAN MANAGEMENT
A. Organization Structure of Urban Local Body
62. Tiruppur Municipality is governed by the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920.
The Municipality is classified as a special grade municipality and consists of political and
executive wings. The political wing is an elected body of councilors and is headed by the
Chairman. The executive wing, headed by the commissioner looks after the day to day
functioning of the municipality and supports the political wing in the decision-making
process.
1. Political Wing
63. The municipal council, the political arm of the municipality, consists of 52 elected
councilors, each representing one ward. The chairman heads the municipal council, which
performs its duties as per the provisions of the District Municipalities Act. The political
wing provides an overall direction for the municipality and performs its functions through a
set of committees constituted for the purpose. Three committees are in existence in
Tiruppur, the appointment committee, tax appeal committee and a contract committee. All
these committees have councilors as its members including the municipal commissioner.
The functions of these committees are outlined in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Functions of Committees

Committee Functions
Appointment Committee Responsible for all the appointments in the municipality and
consists of three members including the commissioner.
Tax Appeal Committee Responsible for addressing the tax appeals filed by the public
on revision of taxes and consists of six members including the
chairman and commissioner.
Contract Committee The three-member committee is responsible for awarding
contracts costing up to Rs. 5000. The municipal council shall
approve contracts above Rs. 5000.
Source: Tiruppur Municipality
2. Executive Wing
64. The executive wing is responsible for the daily operations of the municipality and is headed
by commissioner. The commissioner is the administrative head of the municipality and is
supported by different departments in the operations. The activities of the municipality
carried out by five departments are outlined below:
65. Functional Departments of the Municipality
Tiruppur Municipality consists of five departments’ viz.
18
i. General Administration
ii. Engineering Department
iii. Public Health Department
iv. Revenue Department, and
v. Town Planning Department
66. Each department consists of a head and functions as per the responsibilities indicated in the
Act and in the municipal manual.
B. Institutions and Capacity
67. Tiruppur municipality consists of five functional departments. Each department consists of a
head that reports to the commissioner and functions as per the responsibilities prescribed in
the Act and as delegated by the municipal commissioner. The functions of clerical staff
dealing under each department/ section of the Municipality is coded for the sake of work
allocation and standardization. The details of municipal departments and functions are
illustrated in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2: Municipal Departments and Functions

Department Functions
General Administration Establishment, Records, Accounts, Correspondence, Treasury
Engineering Works, Water Supply and Operation and Maintenance
Public Health Preventive Health Care, Conservancy, Vital Statistics
Revenue Billing and Collection of Taxes, Charges and Fees
Town Planning Administration of Master Plan
68. The executive wing is responsible for day to day operations of the municipality, and is
headed by the municipal commissioner. The commissioner is the administrative head of the
municipality and is supported mainly by five departments in the operations. The
organizational structure of the municipality comprises of five functional departments. The
details of existing manpower in municipality are listed in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3: Existing Manpower in Tiruppur

No. of Posts
Staff in Position Posts Vacant
Sanctioned
General Administration 19 17 2
Engineering 9 8 1
Water Supply 37 37 0
Public Health/ Sanitation 945 945 0
Town Planning 19 19 0
Street Lighting 13 13 0
Accounts & Revenue 53 53 0
Other Department 87 87 0
Total 1095 1092 3
Source: Tiruppur Municipality.
19
1. Institutional Arrangements and Policy Context
69. The enactment of the 74th CAA provides an entirely new framework for the governance of
the Urban Local Body. The Act provides for mandatory elections and a substantially larger
devolution of functions to the Urban Local Bodies, including several new areas hitherto not
under their control.
70. The Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies Bill, 1997, proposed to bring into effect a common
legislation governing all Urban Local Bodies in the State including Municipalities and City
Municipalities. This new bill provides for several changes when compared to the existing
Act and devolves more powers and functions to the Urban Local Bodies.
71. The Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies Bill has particularly focused upon issues related to
finances, taxation, levy of tolls, levy of fines, bylaws, service charges for solid waste
removal, and specific provision for urban planning. The details of Municipal acts are
Table 3.4: Details of Municipal acts

S. No Head Provisions under TN Urban Local Bodies Bill, 1997
A Finance Specific provision for issue of bonds – Sec. 66 (1)
B Monetary Limit for The limit has been enhanced to Rs. 500 lakhs – Sec. 76
Sanction of
Estimates
C Taxation Property Tax to be collected based on the carpet area and
use of the building, used as a base; additional factors such as
location, type of construction and age of the building to be
loaded on to the base- Sec. 83 & 84
Specific provisions have been made with respect to water,
sewerage & education tax.
Water Tax- not to exceed 30 percent of the Property Tax-
Sec. 89
Sewerage Tax- Not to exceed 15 percent of the Property
Tax- Sec. 90
Education Tax- Not to exceed 5 percent of the Property Tax-
Sec. 91
D Tolls Provisions to levy tolls on any road or bridge- Sec. 95
E Powers to assess Powers to assess escaped assessment only upto 6 years (12
escaped assessment half years- Sec. 97)
F Non filing of return (i) Levy of fine for non- filing of returns- Sec. 82 (6)
and/ or non- (ii) Levy of fine for non- payment of property tax- Sec. 99
payment of (1)
property tax (iii) Levy of fine for filing a false return- Sec. 99 (2)
G compulsory Provision made to make connection to Underground
connections to the Drainage System compulsory, if connection available- Sec.
Underground 155 (3)
Drainage System
H Disconnection of Disconnection of water supply in case of non- payment of
water supply property tax, water charges or for any other valid reasons-
Sec. 160
I Bylaws to regulate Provision made to draft bylaws to control Pollution- Sec.
20
S. No Head Provisions under TN Urban Local Bodies Bill, 1997

Industrial Wastes 161
J Modern methods Specific provision to introduce modern methods & to collect
for clearance of service charges for solid waste removal & disposal- Sec.
solid wastes 176 & 177
K Urban/ Town Specific provisions made to include Urban Planning &
Planning Town Planning as a function of the council- Sec. 40 (2) ***-
includes
Regulation of land use and construction of buildings
Planning for economic and social development
Fire services
Urban Forestry, protection of environment and promotion of
ecological aspects
*** Subject to delegation by Government after consulting with the concerned administrative
departments.
Note: Amendment for levy of profession tax on trade, profession and employment as per the Tamil
Nadu Municipal Law (2nd Amendment) Act, 1998
2. Service Delivery and Performance of Urban Local Body
72. General Administration Department: The general administration department oversees the
administrative functions of the municipality including the preparation of budget and is
headed by a Manager. The other functions of the department include public relations and
redressal of public grievances, appointments and transfers, correspondence, Record
Maintenance, maintenance of accounts etc. The accounts section headed by the chief
accountant forms a part of the general administration department and is the key section that
monitors and supervises the work relating to finance, budget and accounts of all the
departments except water supply and drainage.
73. Engineering Department: Engineering department is responsible to carry out development

works and maintenance of civic facilities viz. This department is responsible for:
i. Public Works (Construction and maintenance of roads and storm water drains,
Maintenance of school buildings, Maintenance and construction of public
conveniences, Maintenance of other facilities viz., bus stands, markets etc.
ii. Street Lighting (Maintenance of Street Lights)
iii. Water Supply (Provision and operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerage
system)
iv. Parks & Gardens (Maintenance of parks and gardens)
74. The department co-ordinates with Tamil Nadu Water Supply & Drainage Board (TWAD),
NTADCL and other state government agencies to implement water supply and other
developmental works. Municipal engineer head the department and junior engineers and
other staff assist him. The department has 1 assistant and 5 junior assistants to carry out the
administrative works. With regards to field work, scheme works are delegated to one
Assistant Executive Engineer assisted by three Junior Engineers. For regular works, there
are four Junior Engineers attending to works related to Public Works, Drains and Water
Supply, one Electrical Superintendent in-charge of Street Lighting, and one Water Works
Superintendent in charge of Head Works. The department is responsible for ensuring the
quality of works and their timely completion.
21
75. Functions: Major function of the Municipality is formulation and execution of Works- like
construction and maintenance of roads, buildings and other infrastructure systems. The
works are broadly classified as:
76. Original Works- Capital Works under specific schemes or Master Plan Proposals, include
new construction whether entirely of new works or of major additions/ modifications to
existing assets like buildings, roads, infrastructure network, etc.
77. Maintenance Works- Maintenance and Repair of existing buildings and infrastructure
systems, and construction of Minor Works.
78. These works involve co-ordination of various functional departments within the local body,
including Engineering, Administration and Accounts Departments, Council, etc.
79. There is a rather elaborate process to be followed from the time of conception of a work, to
the actual award of contract and subsequent monitoring, checking, preparation and payment
of bills and final closure of the work.
80. The following are the activities performed by the Engineering Department in execution of a
typical work:
Groundwork
i. Development of a Project in consultation with Council/ Master Plan, etc.

ii. Preparation of project description for Administration Sanction.
iii. Preparation of a detailed estimate for Technical Sanction
iv. Preparation of Tender Schedules and Issue of Tender Notice
v. Preparation of Comparative Statement of Tenders received
vi. Identification of lowest bid and posing for sanction to Council
vii. Issue of work order and execution of Agreement
After Commencement of Work
i. Issue of Materials to Contractor from Stores

ii. Monitoring Work progress - Quantity and Qualitative aspects
iii. Recording quantities in “Measurement Book”
iv. Preparation of Bills
v. Isuing “Pass Order” of Bills
Role Accounts Department
The following are the activities performed by the Accounts Section in execution of a typical
work:
i. Checking of Bills prepared by Engineering Department vis-à-vis Measurement Book

ii. Deduction recoveries towards material supplied, taxes, etc.
iii. Writing of Cheque after issue of “Pass Order”
22
Operation and Maintenance Works
The major function of the Municipal Engineering Department, apart from estimation, and
execution works is the operation and maintenance of:
i. Water Supply System,

ii. Roads, Drains and Buildings,
iii. Street Lighting, and
iv. Parks and Gardens
81. The town is divided into four operational divisions for the maintenance of the above works.
A Junior Engineer is responsible for each of the four divisions.
Water Supply System
82. The Engineering Department operates and maintains the Head works of Scheme and water
transmission of Scheme I and distribution network created as part of both Scheme- I and
Scheme II. TWAD Board is responsible for Operation and Maintenance of head works and
transmission of scheme II. The scheme III is being implemented by NTADCL and a bulk
water supply will be given to the municipality, With regard to water supply services;
additional responsibility of the department includes provision of house service connections
and noting of Meter readings every two months.
83. Public Health Department: The Department is headed by a Health Officer, appointed by
the Health Department of the State Government. The Health Officer is assisted by 7 Medical
Officers, 16 Sanitary Inspectors and several other staff in carrying out the Departmental
functions. The major functions of the public health department are:
i. Maintaining Vital Statistics

ii. Sanitation and Conservancy
iii. Maternity and Child Welfare
iv. Maintenance of Municipal Dispensaries
v. Epidemic Control
vi. Maintenance of Slaughter Houses
vii Maintenance of Burial Grounds
84. Accounts: This department monitors and supervises the work relating to finance, budget and
accounts of the municipality relating to all the areas except water supply and drainage, and
is headed by chief accountant. Monitoring income and expenditure as per budgetary
provisions also comes within the purview of this department. Other responsibilities include:
i. Scrutinizing of pay bills and disbursing salaries to employees,

ii. Payment for all works and supply bills, and
iii Payment of all pension benefits to teaching and non-teaching staff of Municipal
schools and retired Municipal employees
23
85. Revenue Department: The main function of the Revenue Department is the collection of
taxes and charges as levied by the Municipality. The Department serves Demand Notices to
the taxpayers and charge sheet in the case of default. The various taxes and charges levied
by the Municipality include:
i. Property tax
ii. Water Charge
iii. Profession Tax
iv. Lease and License Fees
v. Market and Slaughter House Fees
vi. Cycle Stand Charge, etc.
86. The department is headed by a Revenue Officer and consists of revenue inspectors, bill
collectors and other staff.
87. Town Planning Department: The Town Planning Department’s main function is to
implement the master plan proposals, ensure orderly growth in the town, and avoid
unauthorized constructions and to formulate projects. The Department is vested with the
powers to issue Building Licenses, grant Planning Permissions, and collect Development
Charges and Encroachment Charges etc. The department is headed by a Town Planning
Officer and consists of 7 Town Planning Inspectors, 1 Assistant and 4 Junior Assistants.
88. Functions: With regard to day-to-day operations, the Town Planning Department is
responsible for issue of building permissions and licenses. The activities involved in the
issue of building permissions are listed below.
89. Applicant to submit all relevant plans including index plan, site plan, building plan,
elevation, etc. along with proof of payment of Building Fee, Site Approval Fee and Service
Charge at prescribed rates, to the information Centre of the Municipality. Applicant is
requested to come back for the permission/remarks after 30 days.
C. Municipal Financial Management
1. Municipal Fund
90. Overview. Tiruppur Municipality maintains a municipal fund for managing the finances of
the Municipality. The accounts of the municipal fund were maintained on a cash based
single entry system till the FY 1999-2000. The financial status of the Municipality has been
reviewed for the past four years, commencing from the financial year 2000-01. This section
contains a description of the municipal finances, the sources and uses of funds, and an
assessment of municipal finances based on important financial indicators. Currently the
urban local bodies of Tamilnadu maintain three separate funds, namely General Fund
(Revenue Fund), Water & Drainage Fund and Education Fund. For the purpose of this
analysis, Education fund has clubbed in to General fund. For further analysis, the items of
each fund are categorized under the following major heads.
91. Revenue Account: All recurring items of income and expenditure are included under this
24
head. These include taxes, charges, salaries, maintenance expenditure, debt servicing etc.
92. Capital Account: Income and expenditure items under this account are primarily non-
recurring in nature. Income items include loans, contributions by GoTN, other agencies and
capital grants under various State and Central Government programs, revenue account
transfer for capital works and income from sale of assets. Expenditure items include
expenses booked under developmental works and purchase of capital assets.
93. Deposits and Advances: Under the municipal accounting system, certain items are compiled
under advances and deposits. These items are temporary in nature and are essentially
adjustments for the purpose of recoveries and payments. Items under this head include
library cess, income tax deductions, pension payments, provident fund, payment and
recoveries of advances to employees and contractors, etc.
2. Financial Status
Figure 3.1: Total Revenue Income and Expenditure Trend

94. Revenue income
of Municipality 5,000.00
has grown to Rs. 4,500.00
Total-
4,000.00
Amount in Rs. Lakh
3,542.74 lakh in Revenue

3,500.00 Income
the FY 2003-04 3,000.00
from Rs. 2,511.14 2,500.00
lakh in FY 2000- 2,000.00 Total-
1,500.00 Revenue
01, at a high Expenditure
1,000.00
annual growth of 500.00
12.31 percent. -
Revenue 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Year
expenditure
increased at an average annual rate of 12.08 percent from Rs. 1,971.30 Lakh to Rs. 2,775.31
lakh during the assessment period. The revenue account maintains surplus during the entire
assessment period and maintained a maximum surplus of Rs. 2,444.63 Lakh in 2002-03.
This is attributed due to the previous year transfer of stamp duty. The trends for the revenue
fund are presented in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5: Summary of Municipal Fund

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Revenue Account
Revenue Income 2,500.74 2,365.05 4,535.76 3,542.74
Revenue Expenditure 1,971.30 1,811.59 2,091.14 2,775.31
Surplus/Deficit 529.44 553.46 2,444.63 767.43
Capital Account
Capital Income 558.48 1,260.96 692.23 3,196.48
Capital Expenditure 2,367.90 795.52 1,123.46 1,672.04
Surplus/Deficit (1,809.42) 465.44 (431.23) 1,524.44
Fiscal Status (1,279.98) (41.91) 2,013.40 (280.95)
Advances & Deposits
Extraordinary Income 565.94 91.47 1,208.54 67.43
Extraordinary Expenditure 9.94 199.08 916.23 139.64
25
Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Amount in Rs. Lakh
Surplus/Deficit 556.00 (107.61) 292.31 (72.21)
Overall Fiscal Status (723.98) (149.52) 2,305.71 (353.16)
Source: Tiruppur Municipality & Analysis.
Note: Figures in parentheses indicates a deficit and above details exclude opening balance
Figure 3.2: Total Capital Income and Expenditure Trend

95. Capital income Total Capital Income & Expenditure Trend
comprises of loans,
grants and 3,500.00
contribution in the 3,000.00
form of initial Total-
Amount in Rs. Lakh
2,500.00 Capital
deposit for water Income
2,000.00
supply connections,
revenue account 1,500.00
Total -
transfer for capital 1,000.00
Capital
Expenditure
works and sale 500.00
proceeds of assets. -
Majority of the 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
capital income is in Year
the form of loans.
The capital account has witnessed deficit except during 2003-04, implying revenue surplus
is being used for asset creation.
96. The following sections present detailed review of revenue and capital accounts, primarily
aimed at assessing the municipal fiscal status and providing a base for determining the
ability of Municipality to sustain the planned investments.
3. Revenue Account
97. The revenue account comprises of two components, revenue income and revenue
expenditure. Revenue income comprises of internal resources in the form of tax and non-tax
items and external resources in the form of shared taxes/ transfers and revenue grants from
the State Government. Revenue expenditure comprises of expenditure incurred on
establishments, operation & maintenance and debt servicing.
Figure 3.3: Source of Income (2000 to 2004)

98. Revenue Income. The
revenue sources of Revenue Grants Tax- Own Sources
Municipality can be 18% 29%
broadly categorised as own
sources, assigned revenues
and grants. The source-
wise income generated
during the review period is
presented in Table 3.6. The Non Tax- Own
Sources
base and basis of each 27%
income source has been
Assigned Revenues
26
26%
further elaborated in the following section. The revenue income of Tiruppur Municipality
has increased from Rs. 1,560.51 Lakh in 2000-01 to Rs. 2,338.71 Lakh in 2003-04 – a high
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of about 14.44 percent. The high growth
attributed to inconsistent transfer of assigned revenue and state finance commission grants
to ULB during the FY 2002-03.
Table 3.6: Sources of Revenue Income

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Own Sources
Tax 510.09 535.04 566.14 598.13
Non Tax 423.42 477.54 780.55 555.03
Assigned Revenue 428.41 126.14 1,276.77 641.05
Grants 198.58 227.10 702.79 544.50
Total (excl. W&D a/c) 1,560.51 1,365.82 3,326.25 2,338.71
99. Own-source income includes income from resource mobilisation activities of Municipality
in the form of taxes, income from municipal properties and markets, building permit fee,
trade licences, income from fees and fines, etc. Own revenue sources are further classified
as tax revenue and non-tax sources that are generated by various sections of the
Municipality. The salient features of this revenue head is detailed below.
(i) Own Sources/Tax. This item head comprises of income sourced primarily from
property tax (General purpose tax, Lighting tax, scavenging tax and Education tax
excluding water and drainage tax), professional tax and other taxes. The property tax
is the largest revenue-generating item. Own sources of tax income is presented in
Table 3. Average income from own sources constituted 55.94 percent of the total
revenue income during the review period and has increased at an average
compounded annual growth rate of 7.30 percent. Tax sources contributed 28.61
percent of the revenue income and non-tax sources contribute 27.32 percent of the
revenue income.
Table 3.7: Own Sources of Revenue Income

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Taxes
Property Tax (excl. W&D tax) 85.27 99.14 102.16 98.82
Profession Tax 15.29 16.65 15.77 18.01
Other Taxes 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02
Non - Taxes
Income from ULB’s. properties 37.68 48.86 59.69 65.40
License Income (Trade, etc.) 4.86 6.92 5.34 5.16
Income from Fees and Fines 19.72 12.66 23.17 22.44
Miscellaneous Income 7.32 37.40 26.94 24.49
Total 170.16 221.65 233.09 234.33
Property Tax: This is the most important category of own source income to
the Municipality. Tiruppur Municipality levies a consolidated property tax of
27
16 percent of the Annual Rateable Value (ARV). During the assessment

period, the numbers of property tax assessments increased at an average
growth rate of 4.21 percent per annum. Property tax current demand however
has increased at a CAGR of about 5.99 percent during the assessment period.
Figure 3.4: Property Tax Collection Performance

Property Tax Collection Performance
1800
1600
1400
Total-
Demand
1200
Rs. Lakh
1000
800
600
Total-
400 Collection
200
0
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Year
The average collection performance of Property Tax for the review period is
78 percent and the same is presented in Table 3.8. The property tax levied is
16 percent of the Annual Rental Value (ARV) and includes the general tax
(5.63 %), water and drainage tax (9.63%) and education tax (0.75%). It is
observed that the Municipality maintained a Low arrear collection of average
about 40 percent.
Table 3.8: Property Tax – Demand Collection and Balance Statement

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Demand (Rs. Lakh)
Arrear 475.44 376.70 333.55 355.13
Demand 1,142.95 1,198.45 1,297.22 1,337.65
Total 1,618.39 1,575.15 1,630.77 1,692.78
Collection (Rs. Lakh)
Arrear 197.43 169.49 119.25 136.15
Demand 979.78 1,072.87 1,161.02 1,222.39
Total 1,177.21 1,242.36 1,280.27 1,358.54
Collection Performance (%)
Arrear 42% 45% 36% 38%
Demand 86% 90% 90% 91%
Total 73% 79% 79% 80%
The average property tax collection performance of the Municipality has

increased marginally during the assessment period. The maximum arrear
28
collection was achieved during the FY 01-02 and the same was as low as 36
percent during FY 03. There are a total of 68,976 assessed properties in the
Municipality and this has increased at an average growth rate of 4.21 during
the review period. The ARV per property during the FY 04 is Rs. 7,211 and
the tax per property is Rs. 2,091.
Professional Tax: The municipality also collects professional tax from all
registered organisations, companies or firms, public or private, individuals
and State & Central Government departments. Currently 13,817 assesses are
registered with the Municipality. Based on the demand, the average tax per
professional is about Rs. 508/- per annum. Low average arrear collection of
17 percent observed during the review period and the average current
collection is around 65 percent during the same period. The details of Demand
Collection and Balance statement are provided in Table 3.9.
Table 3.9: Profession Tax – Demand Collection and Balance Statement

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Demand (Rs. Lakh)
Arrear 39.16 56.45 57.05 43.12
Demand 58.36 59.69 61.13 67.20
Total 97.52 116.14 118.18 110.32
Arrear 7.15 1.68 15.24 8.65
Demand 33.90 38.36 40.79 48.19
Total 41.05 40.04 56.03 56.84
Arrear 18% 3% 27% 20%
Demand 58% 64% 67% 72%
Total 42% 34% 47% 52%
(ii) Own Sources/Non Tax. This item head comprises of income from Municipal
properties, fees on Municipal services (building permission, etc.), income from
interest on investment and miscellaneous services. On an average, through the
assessment period, own source/non tax income constitutes 27.32 percent of the total
revenue income. Income from remunerative enterprises, income from fees and fines
constitute the major revenue sources under this item head. Income through non-tax
own sources of the Municipality has grown over the assessment period at a CAGR
of about 9.44 percent.
Remunerative Enterprises: Income from remunerative enterprises is the non-

tax income in the form of rentals from assets like shopping complexes, market
fee, parking fee and income from other real assets owned by the Municipality.
Income from the remunerative assets of the municipality contributed 11.82
percent of the revenue income during the assessment period and registered a
high CAGR of about 16.69 percent. The average revenue mobilized during
the review period under this item head is Rs. 230.84 Lakh.
(iii) Assigned Revenues. This item head comprises of income from Government of
Tamil Nadu (GoTN)/State transfers of Municipal income collected by the state line
29
department. Transfers are in the form of Municipality’s share of taxes levied and
collected by GoTN from establishments/operations within the municipal limits.
Surcharge on transfer of immovable properties and entertainment tax, are the major
items on which these revenues are realized by Municipality.
Table 3.10: Income from Assigned Revenue

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Entertainment Tax 157.15 35.42 256.95 141.75
Surcharge on Stamp Duty 271.25 90.60 1,014.95 497.37
Other Transfers - 0.12 4.87 1.93
Total 428.41 126.14 1,276.77 641.05
Share in total Revenue Income (%) 27.45 9.24 38.38 27.41
Growth (%) (70.56) 912.19 (49.79)
Income through assigned revenues contributes around 25.62 percent of revenue

income and it is growing at an average compounded annual growth rate of 14.38
percent during the review period. It is observed (Table 3.10) that the inflow from
this account head has been inconsistent due to delays in transfers and deductions at
source towards municipality debt repayment commitments and/ or other dues
payable to GoTN.
Entertainment Tax: The Commercial Tax (CT) Department collects

entertainment tax from 18 cinema halls (with a total capacity of 15,756 seats)
functioning within Municipal limit. The CT Department transfers 90 percent
of the total tax collection to Municipality, and retains 10 percent towards
management charges. Entertainment tax accounts for around 6.61 percent of
total revenue income.
Stamp Duty: Surcharge on stamp duty is another assigned revenue source,

accounting for 18.95 percent of revenue income during the assessment period.
It is levied in the form of a surcharge on stamp duty applicable on all
properties registered or transferred within Municipality limits. The
Registration Department collects and 90 percent of the collections are
transferred to Municipality.
(iv) Revenue Grants and Contribution. This item mainly comprises revenue grants and
compensations from the State Government under various heads. The regular grants
include the SFC grants and the others include aid grants, grants for services like
roads, buildings, maternity and child welfare, public health, contributions for
elementary and secondary schools and etc. Grants which are for specific purposes
are ad-hoc in nature. In case of Tiruppur Municipality, revenue grants and
contributions constitute about 18.44 percent of the total revenue income and have
registered an average annual growth rate of 39.96 percent. SFC Devolution is major
item of grants, which is transferred as part SFC recommendation. As per SFC
recommendation, 12% of state revenue under pool B is transferred to each local
body based on a formula recommended by SFC. The fluctuation in SFC grant is due
to delay and deduction at source.
30
Table 3.11: Income from Revenue Grants

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
State Finance Commission Grant 197.86 219.93 702.79 544.50
Other Grants 0.72 7.17 - -
Total 198.58 227.10 702.79 544.50
Share in total Revenue Income (%) 12.73 16.63 21.13 23.28
Growth (%) 14.36 209.46 (22.52)
Figure 3.5: Items of Revenue Expenditure (2000 to 2004)
100. Revenue Expenditure.

Debt Servicing
Revenue expenditure of
12%
Municipality has been Establishments
analyzed based on 66%
expenditure heads broadly
classified under the following
Operation &
departments- General Maintenance
Administration and Tax 22%
collection, Public Works and
Roads, Street Lighting,
Public Health &
Conservancy, Town Planning
and Miscellaneous Items.
Water supply and drainage
revenue expenditure is
analysed separately and the same is presented in the following section. Revenue expenditure
is further classified under Establishment, Operation & Maintenance and Debt Servicing.
Table 3.12: Sector wise Revenue Expenditure

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Establishment 789.91 814.97 875.19 763.14
Operation & Maintenance 223.22 233.67 298.56 314.63
Debt Servicing 103.19 133.07 115.60 235.96
Total (excl. W&D A/C) 1,116.32 1,181.71 1,289.34 1,313.73
Growth (%) 5.86 9.11 1.89
(i) Establishment Expenditure. Establishment expenditure alone accounts for about 66

percent of revenue expenditure, excluding water supply and drainage account. About
40 percent of the total revenue income is utilised for payment of salaries excluding
water supply and drainage staff salary and other related expenses. About 12 percent
utilized for debt servicing was made from general fund during the review period.
For the assessment period, revenue expenditure grew at an average rate of 12.08
percent; while growth in revenue income was 12.31 percent during the same period.
This indicates that revenue and education fund of Municipality is in surplus
position.
31
Further, while expenditure on establishment grown at negative annual average rate

of 1.14 per cent, expenditure on O&M grew at an average rate of 12.12 percent per
annum indicating that the Operations and maintenance expenditure need to be
controlled. Public Health and Conservancy O&M increased by 1.72 times during the
financial year 2002-03 to 2003-04.
Figure 3.6: Sector Wise Salary Composition (2000 to 2004)

The following table
presents sector Conservancy
/department wise 68%
salary expenditure Public Works (Engg.

during the assessment Staff)
5%
period. Since, the
Street Lighting
department wise 1%
establishment
Water Supply
expenditure is not 9%
furnished in the
account statement General
Administration
(consolidated figures Public Health 3%
only available in the (Sanitation)
2000 series), 14%
consultant used the third SFC questionnaires for working out the department wise
salary. Over 68 percent spent for conservancy staffs salary and 14 percent for public
health (sanitation) department staff salary. Water supply staff salary contributes
about 9 percent of the total expenditure incurred towards establishments.
Table 3.13: Sector wise Salary

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
General Administration 18.02 19.81 20.40 20.98
Public Health (Sanitation) 76.92 78.73 85.67 90.48
Water Supply 81.64 47.24 46.02 44.32
Conservancy 388.06 397.65 394.94 389.05
Public Works (Engg. Staff) 18.80 29.72 31.16 32.36
Street Lighting 6.92 7.34 7.58 6.98
Total 590.36 580.49 585.77 584.17
Source: SFC Questionnaire Document
Establishment expenditure of all sections (excluding water & drainage account)

accounts for an average of 66 percent of revenue expenditure. It is necessary that the
Municipality goes ahead with such privatisation initiatives so as to improve upon
and allocate more amounts for the O&M and debt servicing.
(ii) Operations & Maintenance. Operation and maintenance expenditure of all sections
together accounts for 38.47 percent of revenue expenditure.
Street lighting, public works and roads conservancy are the major expenditure items.
O&M expenses are dominated by power charges for street lighting, while that for
the upkeep of roads has been very minimal. Street lighting sector can be put for
32
privatisation and implement energy conservation measures to curtail the costs on

repairs, replacements and power charges.
(ii) Debt Servicing. A review of the outstanding loan statement of Municipality, as on

March 31, 2005, i.e., at the start of the FY 2004-05 reveals that the net outstanding
debt liabilities of Municipality are at Rs. 2,641.06 Lakh. Table 3.14 details out the
agency wise outstanding loans.
Table 3.14: Out standing Loan Statement

Item Loan Amount Outstanding
Amount in Rs. Lakh
TUFIDCO 474.07 437.61
TNUDF 501.44 6.00
Water Supply Loan 2,315.71 2,197.45
Total 3,291.22 2,641.06
The total amount of loans drawn by the Municipality till date is Rs. 3,291.22 Lakh,
majority of it from Government of Tamilnadu. It needs mention that the ratio of
outstanding loans to current demand of property tax is about 197 percent. The ratio
in terms of ARV (estimated at Rs. 7,211) is 1.88; thereby indicating that the
Municipality is capable of leveraging additional debt to finance its projects as this is
below the threshold of 2 to 3 (generally considered by Financial institutions).
Debt servicing accounted for around 20 percent of revenue expenditure (including

all funds) during the review period and the DSR (as % of revenue income) is around
14.76 percent, which is well below the threshold level of 25 percent, as considered
by financial institutions. The Municipality has to start to focus upon sustainable debt
servicing after having cut down establishment costs to improve its credit rating and
capability towards leveraging additional debts.
4. Water Supply and Drainage Account
101. As mentioned earlier, local bodies in Tamilnadu maintain a separate water supply and
drainage fund. Hence, to maintain the consistency and also to assess the cost recovery
aspect, the consultants have analysed the water fund separately. The details are provided in
the following table and the water supply and drainage revenue fund expenditure trend is
plotted on a graph.
33
Table 3.15: Revenue Account Status of Water Supply and Drainage Fund
Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Revenue Income
Water & Drainage Tax 708.17 747.36 770.16 817.25
Water Charges 223.64 248.04 297.71 375.02
Water Supply & Sanitation Grant - - 140.17 -
Other Income 8.43 3.83 1.48 11.76
Total 940.23 999.23 1,209.52 1,204.03
Revenue Expenditure
Establishments 91.53 56.57 52.89 40.38
Electricity Charges 94.69 102.07 145.27 128.06
Board Payment 232.40 297.55 335.22 367.24
Miscellaneous 114.18 123.69 154.63 125.90
Debt Servicing- Old 322.18 50.00 113.78 800.00
Total 854.98 629.88 801.79 1,461.58
Surplus/Deficit 85.26 369.35 407.73 (257.55)
Recovery (%) only w/s charges 26% 39% 37% 26%
102. Salaries of staff directly working in the water supply department are booked under this head,
while salaries of other engineering staff performing administrative functions related to water
supply are booked under the engineering section of general fund. Expenditures incurred
under this account comprised of 35.34 percent board payment for maintenance of scheme,
13.54 percent for power charges and other operation & maintenance expenses accounts
15.22 percent and 7.26 percent on establishment costs. Around 28.64 percent utilized
towards debt servicing of water supply and drainage loan principal and interest.
Figure 3.7: Water & Drainage Account Expenditure Trend

Water & Sewerage Account Expenditure Trend
900.00 Staff Salary &
Employee
Related
800.00 Expenses
Equipment
Maintenance &
700.00 Repairs
600.00 Board Payment

Amount in Rs. Lakh
500.00
Miscellaneous
400.00
Debt Servicing-
300.00 Old
200.00
Administration
Expenses
100.00
Electricity
- Charges
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Year
34
103. The cost recovery incase of only through water supply charges work out to only 32 percent
of the revenue expenditure incurred in the water supply and drainage fund account. Thus the
above analysis indicates that the current tariff is not able to recover even a share of the O &
M expenses, when it is compared with only water charges. Major share of water supply
income is derived by way of water and drainage taxes, which account for about 70.42
percent of water supply & drainage income.
104. There are a total of 53,790 water supply house service connections as of 2004-05 provided
by the Municipality in the town. The average collection performance of water charges for
the review period indicated in Table 3.16.
Table 3.16: Water Charges – Demand Collection and Balance Statement

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Demand (Rs. Lakh)
Arrear 253.65 343.05 445.98 499.66
Demand 310.35 344.02 438.02 361.85
Total 563.99 687.07 884.00 861.51
Arrear 52.50 62.90 84.87 163.00
Demand 168.40 181.52 205.08 202.84
Total 220.90 244.42 289.95 365.84
Arrear 21% 18% 19% 33%
Demand 54% 53% 47% 56%
Total 39% 36% 33% 42%
Total no of Connections (Nos) 42,165 43,099 43,538 48,552
Growth in Connections (%) 2.22 % 1.02 % 11.52 %
Figure 3.8: Water Charge Collection Performance

105. The numbers 1000
of House
900
Service
Total-
Connections 800 Demand
stand at 78 700
percent of the
600
PT
Rs. Lakh
assessments 500
indicating the 400

lesser Total-
300
numbers of Collection
unauthorised 200
connections in 100
the
0
Municipality. 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Year
35
5. Capital Account
106. Capital Income. Capital income comprises of loans, grants and contributions. The detailed
components of capital income are detailed in Table 3.17. An analysis of this account
indicates that grants & contributions have contributed the maximum share of income under
this account. While on an average 86 percent of the capital income is in the form of capital
grants and contribution and balance amount in the form of loans. There is also no income
realised by the Municipality in the form of sale proceeds.
Table 3.17: Status of Capital Account - General

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Capital Income
Capital Loans 150.00 33.02 - 474.07
Capital Grants and Contribution 315.60 128.38 541.32 142.72
Own Sources - 1,068.60 - 2,572.83
Total (excl. W & D a/c) 465.60 1,230.00 541.32 3,189.62
Capital Expenditure
General 153.73 7.97 146.44 117.30
Public Works and Roads 1,008.92 466.31 254.26 637.44
Street Lighting 53.89 - 54.81 54.81
Public Health & Conservancy 55.91 7.63 7.30 147.87
Education 17.98 21.02 19.37 13.94
Others - - 11.91 -
Total 1,290.44 502.93 494.09 971.36
Surplus/Deficits (excl. W &D a/c) (824.84) 727.07 47.23 2,218.26
107. Capital Expenditure. The majority of capital expenditure has been directed towards general
purpose includes all item of works excluding water supply and drainage and roads over the
past four years, this is due to fact TNUDF/TUFIDCO had funded most of the municipalities
for roads during the assessment period. Hence, there is a sudden major jump in spending on
roads.
108. Analysis of capital income and capital expenditure notes that the account was in surplus
except during the FY 2000-01, indicating lesser utilisation of allocated funds or just start of
utilisation of allocated funds.
109. Water supply and drainage capital account status is detailed in Table 3.18. Capital income
is mainly from drainage and water supply connection charges, other than that capital grants
were also received during the assessment period. Capital account is deficit during the entire
review period.
36
Table 3.18: Status of Water Supply and Drainage Capital Account

Item 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Amount in Rs. Lakh
Capital Income
Capital Loans - - - -
Own Sources – Water Supply 70.43 8.19 7.25 6.36
Own Sources – Sewerage 10.81 - 131.52 -
Total 92.88 30.96 150.91 6.86
Capital Expenditure
Water supply 29.58 45.44 142.46 322.24
Drainage &Sanitation 1,047.88 247.15 486.91 378.44
Total 1,077.46 292.59 629.37 700.68
Surplus/Deficits (984.58) (261.63) (478.46) (693.82)
6. Assets and Liabilities
110. Current assets and liabilities of Tiruppur Municipality include monies due to Municipality
from debtors and monies due from Municipality to creditors, respectively. Table 3.19
presents a summary of the current assets and liabilities of Tiruppur Municipality.
111. The current assets include outstanding arrears in property tax, water charges and profession
tax and lease rental (non tax items) dues. The total current assets due to municipality are Rs.
603.78 Lakh.
112. Current liabilities include the payment of power charges due to TNEB, Salaries Payable, PF
and other contribution due, tax /cess payable to government, other payables and deposits.
The net liability of Tiruppur Municipality is Rs. 408.40 lakh. The current ratio is the ratio of
total current assets to total current liabilities, which is used to measure short term liquidity
of a ULB. The idea behind measuring this ratio is to assess whether the ULB has enough
liquid assts to pay off its current obligations when they fall due. Intuitively one would
expect that this ratio should be over 1. In case of Tiruppur Municipality the current ratio is
3.09 and this is more than one is comfortable current ratio.
Table 3.19: Summary of Current Assets and Liabilities status

Description Amount (Rs. Lakh)
A. Current Assets
Property Tax Recoverable 219.44
Profession Tax Recoverable 108.49
Water Charges Recoverable 275.85
License/Lease/Rental/other Recoverable -
Other Recoverable -
Cash on Hand /Bank -
Total – Current Assets 603.78
B. Current Liabilities
Salaries Payable -
PF and Other Contribution -
TNEB -
37
Description Amount (Rs. Lakh)

Library Cess Payable 109.36
Other Payables -
Recoveries from Staff -
Deposits 86.02
Total – Current Liabilities 195.38
Net Status 408.40
7. Key Financial Indicators and Issues
113. A set of key financial indicators has been derived using the financial data procured from the
Municipality for the assessment period. Table 3.20 presents these indicators. These
indicators are used to assess the municipal performance with regards resource mobilization,
fund utilization, financial performance and collection efficiencies.
Table 3.20: Key Financial Indicators

Indicators Value Unit
A Resource Mobilisation
1 Per Capita Income 915 Rs. p.a
2 Sources of Funds
a Share of Own Sources in Total Revenue Income (RI) 69.95 %
b Share of Property Tax in Total Revenue Income 41.54 %
c Share of Revenue Grants & Subsidies in Total RI 12.87 %
3 Growth in Revenue Income 12.31 % p.a
4 Growth in Own Sources of Revenue Income 6.26 %
5 Per Capita Own Income 315 Rs. P.a
B Fund Application
1 Per Capita Expenditure 613 Rs. p.a
2 Uses of Funds
a Share of Establishment Expenditure in Total RE 41.54 %
Share of O&M Expenditure in Total Revenue
b Expenditure 38.47 %
c Share of Establishment Expenditure to Total RI 26.92 %
3 Growth in Establishment Expenditure (2.01) %
4 Growth in O&M Expenditure 9.37 %
5 Growth in Total Revenue Expenditure 13.35 % p.a
C Liability Management
1 Per Capita Liability (2004-05 estimated)
a Outstanding Debt per Capita 693 Rs.
b Outstanding Non-Debt Liability per Capita 73 Rs.
c Total Outstanding Liability per Capita 730 Rs.
As a Proportion of Property Tax Current Demand (2003-
2 04 estimated)
a Outstanding Debt as % of P.T Demand 197.44 %
b Outstanding Non-Debt Liability as % of P.T Demand 10.57 %
c Total Outstanding Liability as % of P.T Demand 208.01 %
38
Indicators Value Unit

As a Proportion of Property Tax Own Revenue Income
3 (2003-04 estimated)
a Outstanding Debt as % of Own Revenue Sources 112.04 %
O/s Non-Debt Liability as % of Own Revenue
b Sources 6.00 %
c Total O/s Liability as % of Own Revenue Sources 118.04 %
4 Non-Debt Liability as % of Total Liability 5.08 %
5 Debt Servicing Ratio (D.S/ Revenue Income) 14.76 %
D Performance Indicators
1 Operating Ratio 0.70 Ratio
2 Growth in Per Capita Own Income 3.73 % p.a
3 Growth in Per Capita Grant 35.31 % p.a
4 Growth in Per Capita Total Revenue Income 8.57 % p.a
5 Growth in Per Capita Establishment Expenditure (6.27) % p.a
6 Growth in Per Capita O&M Expenditure 8.36 % p.a
7 Growth in Per Capita Revenue Expenditure 8.35 % p.a
8 Capital Utilisation Ratio (906.33) Ratio
E Efficiency Indicators
1 Tax Collection Performance
a Property Tax 78% %
b Water Charges 38% %
c Sewer Charges NA %
d Profession Tax 44% %
2 No. of P.T Assessments per Tax Collection Staff 3,135 Nos.
3 Property Tax Demand per Assessment 2,091 Rs. p.a
4 No. of Municipal Staff per 1000 Population 3.10 Nos.
5 Annual Revenue (Own Source) per Municipal Staff 9.78 Rs. Lakh p.a
6 Population per Residential P.T Assessment 5.52 Persons
Source: Analysis.
114. Resource Mobilization Indicators. These indicators summarize the performance of the
Municipality with regards sources of funds. Tiruppur Municipality derives about 70 percent
of its revenue income from own sources, which is a good sign, while grants account for just
about 13 percent of the revenue income.
115. Fund Application Indicators. These indicators are a measure to ascertain the utilization from
the municipal fund. Around 42 percent of the revenue expenditure is spent on establishment
heads, only about 38 percent for O&M of municipal assets and services. Leaving 20 percent
utilized for debt servicing. Establishment expenditure accounts for about 27 percent of the
total revenue generated by the Municipality.
116. Liability Management Indicators. These indicators are a measure to ascertain the utilization
from the municipal fund regards to debt servicing. The ratio of debt servicing to revenue
income is 14.76 percent during the assessment period. The percapita average outstanding
debt works out to 693 rupees and percapita non debt liability is 73 rupees. Out standing debt
to property demand is around 197 percent and non debt liability is 11 percent times the
39
property tax demand for the current year.
117. Overall Financial Performance Indicators. These indicators are a measure to assess the
overall financial performance of the Municipality with regards operational performance and
effective growth in revenue income and expenditure. The average operating ratio during the
assessment period was a healthy 0.70. The indicators of growth in per capita income and
expenditure item heads indicate the effective growth, giving a performance measure relative
to the growing population. Tiruppur Municipality has demonstrated 8.57 percent annual
growth in per capita revenue income during the assessment period, while the per capita
revenue expenditure has grown at 8.35 percent during the same period. This indicates that as
population increases revenue fund will be in surplus, however there is a need for controlling
operation and maintenance expenditure.
118. Efficiency Indicators. These indicators are essentially a measure to assess Municipal
efficiency with regards revenue base coverage and realization. Tiruppur Municipality has
maintained an average collection performance both with regards property tax and water
charges (78 percent and 38 percent respectively). The average population per residential
assessment at 5.52 indicates that the property tax base has an average coverage.
119. Key issues and conclusions are based on the review and assessment municipal finances and
discussions with relevant municipal officials.
(i) Maintenance and Reporting of Accounts. The State Government deducts debt due
by the ULB and then transfers funds (SFC devolution) the ULB records do not
capture such apportionment. ULB’s do not maintain department/sector wise salary
expenditure as mentioned in the ULB’s Accounting Manual.
(ii) Revenue Realization. Taxes and charges are major own sources of revenue income.
Being more dynamic in nature and within the control of the ULB, these revenue
incomes have potential to contribute more to the municipal fund. Besides low tax
rates and charges levied, the actual demand itself is not established. Key issues
regarding the above comprise:
• High percapita Revenue expenditure witnessed during FY 03-04. Financial

transaction trends not commensurate with population growth trends, resulting in
reduction in per capita expenditure levels,
(iii) Fund Application. Key issues regarding application from the municipal fund
comprise:
• About 62 percent of the total expenditure is on establishment-related heads,

leaving only 38 percent for expenditure on operation and maintenance of services.
(iv) Efficiency. Key issues regarding collection efficiency comprise:
• Average water charges arrear collection is very low (23 percent). Consequently,
inadequate water supply revenue fund to meet the operation and maintenance
requirements of the system.
40
IV. PLANNING AND LANDUSE MANAGEMENT
A. Planning Efforts in the Past
1. Master Plan Outline
120. Rapid industrialization of Tiruppur has attracted extensive changes in the development
process. The migration of rural population to the city, conversion of agriculture lands for
non-agricultural uses is some of the major changes in the city's growth. The city that existed
as isolated pockets of developed areas has gradually experienced unabated growth spreading
over to peripheral areas.
121. In order to ensure a planned growth of the city and its surroundings, the Government of
Tamil Nadu has declared Tiruppur Local Planning Area comprising of 15 Village
Panchayats and one Town Panchayat of the region, in the year 1974. The area constituted in
the LPA is listed in the Table 4.1
Table 4.1: Tiruppur Local Planning Area – Areas

S. No Place Status Area
Sq. Km
1 Tiruppur Town Special Grade Municipality 27.19
2 Velampalayam Town Panchayat 14.81
3 Chettipalayam Village Panchayat 10.38
4 Neruperichal Village Panchayat 19.65
5 Mannarai Village Panchayat 8.25
6 Thottipalayam Village Panchayat 11.24
7 Mangalam Village Panchayat 10.82
8 Andipalayam Village Panchayat 8.07
9 Nallur Village Panchayat 25.91
10 Muthuannampalayam Village Panchayat 20.72
11 Veerapandi Village Panchayat 10.54
12 Iduvai Avinashi Panchayat Union Village Panchayat 9.34
13 Pudupalayam Village Panchayat 21.99
14 Kaniyamoundi Uthukuli Panchayat Union Village Panchayat 7.85
15 Sankaraperiyapalayam Village Panchayat 5.23
16 Agrahara Periyapalayam Village Panchayat 5.39
Total 217.38
Source: Draft Master Plan Document, Tiruppur LPA
122. The Local Planning Authority (LPA) responsible for preparing and executing the master
plan of was constituted in the year 1976. Tiruppur and its surrounding areas, over the past
decade and a half have been generating more and more business and simultaneously been
accommodating more and more people. The town and its agglomerations with a total
population of 5.43 lakhs (includes Avinashi, Thirumuruganpoondi, Chettipalayam,
Thottipalayam, Velampalayam, S.Nallur, Andipalayam, Managalam and Veerapandi) have
been attracting people from within Tamilnadu as well from Kerala due to the industrial
character. This influx has been increasing gradually over the years. Further, the daily
41
average floating population in Tiruppur is estimated to be 1.6 lakhs persons.
B. Review of Land Use Changes
1. Master Plan Implementation and Implications
Figure 4.1: Land use of Local Planning Area - 2001

123. Of the total 218.28 Sq.km of area of the Local
Planning Area (LPA) only 27.85 Sq.km (12.7 Land use - Local Planning Area -
percent of the area) was developed by the 2001
year 1986 and 28.21 percent by 1999. The
master plan has proposed 70 percent Residential
Agricultural
developed area by 2021, which seems to be 31%
55%
feasible with the growth trend noticed in the
LPA and Tiruppur. The first master plan so
prepared by the agency in the year 1986 valid
till the year 2001 is presently being
Commercial
implemented in the city. The revised master 2%
plan preparation is in progress. Public & Industrial
Semi Pub. 8%
1% Educational
124. The developments in the municipal area have 3%
largely been concentrated along the railway line and River Noyyal. While the residential
developments were focused on the northern side of the railway line, the commercial
developments were concentrated around the bus stand and the municipal office.
125. Growth of industries initially started within the municipal limits has now spread into the
peri-urban areas of Tiruppur. The industrial land use in 1984 was around 15 percent of the
developed area and the master plan stipulates a use of around 18 percent of the developed
area by the year 2001. But as per the present predictions, the industrial use is estimated to be
more than 20 percent of the developed area. The growth has been attributed to the growth of
knitwear industry and subsequent conversion of agriculture land into industrial use.
126. Review of the land use pattern of Tiruppur, for an area of 27.2 sq.km as indicated in Master
Plan for Tiruppur Local Area, indicates that 100 percent of the total area is put for
developed use whereas, the agricultural land use of the LPA is expected to reduce from 72
percent to 30 percent. In the developed land use, almost 80 percent of the developed area is
put to residential use. In the proposed land use plan for 2001, it is noted that the city is
predominantly expected to develop in residential area and in industrial area.
B. Landuse Management
1. Landuse Pattern – Current and Future
127. It can noted from the land use of the LPA which is presented in Table 4.2 that, the city is
anticipated to develop in a rapid pace and the existing developed area which is about 28
percent of the total area is anticipated to increase to about 70 percent by the end of 2021.
The liberalization policy and the gaining prominence of Tiruppur seem to surely induce the
42
growth of the LPA.
Table 4.2: Landuse in the Local Planning Area – 1999, 2021

Land use Land use 1999 Proposed Land use 2021
Area Percent to total Area Percent to
land use total land use
Acres percent Acres percent
Residential 11,427 21.04 29,763.72 54.80
Commercial 994 1.83 4,808.65 8.85
Industrial 2,274 4.19 3,108.57 5.72
Educational 342 0.63 205.10 0.38
Public & Semi Pub. 283 0.52 160.62 0.30
Sub Total (Urbanized Land) 15,321 28.21 38,046.66 70.05
Agricultural 38,995 71.79 29.95
Total 54,316 100.00 54,316.02 100.00
Source: Master Plan for Tiruppur Planning Area – Draft Report
Figure 4.2: Proposed Land use pattern – 2021

128. The proposed land use for the Tiruppur Propose d Land Use Patte rn - Tiruppur
Municipality is presented in Table 4.2. Municipality - 2021
The city is poised mainly to develop as a Educatio nal
1%
P ublic &
Industrial Semi- public
Residential, Commercial and Industrial 8% 3%
area. On analysis of the land use of the
Co mmercial
LPA and Municipality, it can be 12%
explicated that, the Tiruppur Municipality
would serve more as a commercial hub
and its surrounding areas will substantiate
will emerge with more prominent
industries. Thus the whole LPA is poised
Residential
to emerge as an industrial hub in the near 76%
future.
Table 4.3: Proposed Landuse of Tiruppur Municipality - 2021

Land use Proposed Land use for 2021 –Tiruppur Municipality
Area percent to total land use
Acres percent
Residential 5,100.23 75.89
Commercial 790.73 11.77
Industrial 541.16 8.05
Educational 89.82 1.34
Public & Semi Pub. 198.42 2.95
Sub Total (Urbanized Land) 6,720.37 100.00
Source: Master Plan for Tiruppur Planning Area – Draft Report
43
Map 4.1: Landuse Map of Tiruppur Municipality – 1999
44
Map 4.2: Proposed Landuse Map of Tiruppur Municipality – 2021
45
129. Residential Use: The residential development is proposed over 75 acres. High density of
residential development is found in the old parts of the city. While the newly developed
residential areas are well planned with a regular street pattern, well-shaped plots and spaces
for public use, the old areas are devoid of public spaces and a regular street pattern.
130. Commercial Use: Trade and Commerce is the main economic stay of Tiruppur Town.
Commercial activities are in the core city of the town along the major roads within the town
limits. The well established commercial areas are located around the Municipal office and
the Railway station area (Kumaran road, Palladal road, Eswaran Koil street, Kongu Nagar
main road, Avinashi road etc).
131. Industrial Use: Presently about 515 acres of land is utilized for Industrial use in the
Tiruppur town. There are about 5000 units in and around Tiruppur concentrated mainly in
the production of knitted garments. The broad gauge railway line from Erode to Coimbatore
divides the town geographically into two. This division is also significant with respect to
accessibility, as there is only one fly-over in the heart of the town and another three-manned
level crossing across the railway tracks connecting both sides of the town. Avinashi, which
is the major intermediary location between Tirupur and Coimbatore, is located on the North
and the growth of the town is more pronounced in this direction. The Noyyal River cuts
through the town parallel to the railway tracks in the south and the Odais running in the
town are also to the south of the town. These geographical parameters have been influential
in the location of the dyeing/ bleaching units. They are mainly located in the south along the
lengths of the water bodies. Concentrations of knitting and stitching units are mainly on
Avinashi Road and Perumanallur Road in the north and to an extent on the Palladam Road
and Dharapuram Road in the south
3. Development Patterns – Growth Areas and Direction
Figure 4.3: Growth Direction of Tiruppur Town

132. The city is growing in all the
directions ie. towards the north
(Avinashi road, Perumanallur road),
West (Coimbatore road) and South
(Palladam road) along the major
radial roads. In the past, the growth
direction was towards the North
along Avinashi road. However, due to
to the surge in industrial
development and the global
prominence, the city is developing in all
all directions.
133. At the regional level, it is evident

that the major urban sprawl corridors
Avinashi Road, Perumanallur road,
Coimbatore road (college road) and Erode road which are towards the north, north east,
west and east of the city comprising of urban land for development. Considering the newer
initiatives poses a greater potential for the outer wards in proximity to the above. The
46
urbanisable land is predominant outside the City limits in the form of plotted development/
layout development. In addition, large open land is available in the peripheral municipalities
around the city, which would become urbanisable in future.
C. Key Developmental Issues
Incompatible Land Use: One of the major issues of land use change in Tiruppur is
the development of incompatible land use in contrast to the master plan proposals.
Occurrence of mixed land uses, industrial and commercial developments in the
residential reservations, etc. are some of the highlights of the city's land use. This
can be attributed to the non-integration of growth dynamics of the city in the master
plan.
Housing for the Poor: Real estate prices and the land availability followed the
industrial and commercial development trends of Tiruppur, leading to imbalances in
housing market. Urban poor, the migrant population to the city were thus forced to
live in unhealthy and congested neighbourhoods. It is hence required to formulate
strategies to improve the housing situation of Tiruppur.
Growth of Slums: With the availability of land being scarce number slums sprung up
in Tiruppur. Around 88 slums of the city house a population of around 128,727.
Many of these slums lack basic infrastructure facilities. There is a need to integrate
the ongoing National Slum Development Program and other slum improvement
programs to formulate comprehensive slum development schemes.
Absence of comprehensive development control regulations in tune with the growth

trends of the city
Un-Controlled illegal conversion of agricultural land within municipal limits to the

desired land use.
47
V. INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES
A. Physical Infrastructure
1. Water Supply
134. Existing Situation: Tiruppur town receives water from Head Works constructed at
Metupalayam on the banks of Bhavani River. The Head works are located at a distance of
54 kms from the town. Two separate water supply schemes are operational with head works
at Metupalayam, supplying water to Tiruppur Municipality and wayside villages. Scheme I,
commissioned in 1962 is owned and operated by the Municipality, and Scheme II
commissioned in 1993, by the TWAD Board.
135. Tiruppur Municipality receives 28.50 MLD (4.5 MLD from Scheme I and 24 MLD from
Scheme II) of water from the two schemes. Figure 3.1 presents the Index plan of the Water
Transmission from the Metupalayam Head works to Tiruppur Municipality (TM).
136. In addition to the two water supply schemes, municipal has installed bore wells at many
locations in the town to serve the areas not covered by the distribution network. The salient
features of the existing water supply system is presented in the Table 5.1.
Table 5.1: Details of Tiruppur Water Supply

Description Unit Details
Water Supplied MLD 28.50
Source Bhavani River
Distribution Length KM 315.00
Storage Reservoirs Nos. 11
Storage Capacity MLD 11.05
Per Capita Supply LPCD 75
Connections Nos. 35,254
Public Stand Posts Nos. 543
Source: Tiruppur municipality
Details of Water Supply Scheme – I
137. Background: Historically Tiruppur Municipality relied on open wells to meet its domestic
water supply needs. Frequent draught and acute water scarcity was common phenomena in
the town. Consequently, a comprehensive water supply scheme (CWSS) was formulated
for Tiruppur with River Bhavani as the source. The estimated cost of the scheme was Rs.
108.45 lakhs (at 1955 prices). The scheme was commissioned in the year 1962.
138. Design Population: It was the policy of government that for any major comprehensive water
supply scheme to be designed should cater to the water needs of enroute habitations.
Tiruppur water supply scheme (I) was designed as CWSS to cater Tiruppur Municipality
and seven enroute towns and villages for an ultimate population of 1991. Table 5.2 lists the
beneficiary settlements and their design population.
48
Table 5.2: Design Population and Water Supply Requirement for Scheme I
S.No. Settlements Population Supply- MLD
Ultimate Year 1991
1. Pugalur 5,000 0.11
2. Kurikilliamplayam 5,000 0.11
3. Annur 12,000 0.54
4. Karuvallur 5,000 0.11
5. Namiyampalayam 5,000 0.11
6. Avinashi 12,500 0.57
7. Tirmurganpoondi 6,000 0.14
Way Side Settlements- Total 50,500 1.69
8. Tiruppur 125,000 5.45
Total 175,500 7.14
139. The Scheme was designed to supply 7.15 MLD of which Tiruppur was to get 5.45 MLD and
the wayside settlements, 1.70 MLD.
140. Intake Structure: An intake structure, 3.65 m in diameter was constructed on riverbank with
three 18-inch diameter inlet pipes at different levels, viz. 289 m, 292 m. and 295 m. Each
inlet pipe is provided with 18-inch sluice valve at the discharge to control the flow.
141. Pumps and Pumping Main: A raw water pump-house is constructed 25 feet away from the
intake well. It consists of three circular wells of 12 feet diameter each with pump-sets
having a duty of 1200 gpm against a head of 55 feet. One stand-by pump-set is also
provided. The pump capacity and pumping main of 14-inch diameter and 350 ft long have
been designed so as to deliver raw water at about 13-15 feet above the ground level to
overcome the losses in the treatment plant.
142. Treatment Plant: The treatment plant has been designed, with following components to give
a daily output of seven ML.
i. Flash Mixer
ii. Floculator
iii. Clarifier
iv. Filter Beds
v. Chemical House and Dosing Equipment
vi. Raw water and Clear Water Equipment
143. A 12.93 feet deep clarifloculator with 75 feet diameter is provided with central revolving
bridge supporting the scrapper and rotating paddle in the floculator. Two filter beds 20 feet
x 21 feet, with a filtration rate of 100 gallons/hour/sqft. are provided with a daily output
capacity of 9 ML.
144. Clear Water Reservoir: A clear water reservoir of 9 ML is constructed, where clear water
from filtration plant is chlorinated and stored with sufficient contact time reaction to take
place
49
Map 5.1: Existing Water Supply in Tiruppur
50
145. Transmission Main: The head-works is situated 54 km from the town. Water needs to be
transmitted through this distance, maintaining adequate head. The average ground level at
the headwork site is + 988 feet, and the maximum level obtained along the pumping main is
1304.7 feet, with a static difference between these two points of 316.70 feet. The higher
ridge lies 18.66 km. from the source from where there is continuous fall towards Tiruppur
town, facilitating gravity flow thereafter.
146. The total length of transmission main is 53.87 km, of which initial reach of 18.64 km is
pumping main and remaining 35.23 km as gravity main. There are three Booster Stations,
one each at Nadur, Pugalor (between Head Works and Ridge) and Nambiampaliyam.
Inventory details of the raw water pumping and Booster Stations are presented in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3: Details of Raw Water Pumping and Booster Stations – Scheme I
S. Particulars Raw Water Nadur Pugalur Nambiam-
No. Pumping palayam
Booster Stations
1. Distance from At Head- 4.280 15.560 36.870
Head Works (Kms) works
2. Pump with Motor 1 No. 35 HP 2 Nos. 120 2 Nos. 120 2 Nos. 120
HP HP HP
3. Standby Pumps 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No.
4. Year of Installation 1962 1983 1962 1983
5. Discharge 90.80 lps 99.70 lps 90.80 lps
6. Head 17 m 60 m 48 m 59 m
7. Generator-125 - - - 1 No.
KVA
8. Sump- - 1 No. 1 1 No, 1 1 No. 1 lakhs
lakhs liters lakhs liters. liters
147. The pumping main is designed to carry about 11 MLD up to the ridge. The diameter of the
pumping main is 16 inches between the pumping stations. The diameter continues at 16
inches for distance of 1.12 kms from third pumping station (Nambiampalayam), and there
after it is 14 inches. The gravity main terminates into two service reservoirs located at
Avinashi Road in Tiruppur (one GLSR of 2ML capacity and one ESR of 0.45 ML capacity).
148. Service Reservoirs and Distribution System: The seven wayside settlements are supplied by
way of 34 public stand posts, while TM had a distribution network with HSCs and PSPs.
149. Tiruppur is sub divided into 7 districts for the purpose of designing the distribution system.
District 1 is on the high-level area and is served by the elevated service reservoir of 4.50
lakhs liters capacity.
150. District 2 to 5 and 7 constitutes the low-lying areas are served by 20 lakh litre GLSR at
Avinashi Road. Another ESR of 1.75 lakhs liters capacity (constructed under Koilveli
scheme) located at Dharapuram Road supplies to District 6. The total length of distribution
network laid under the scheme was 31 kms.
151. Improvements and Extension to Scheme I: Tiruppur Water Supply Scheme (I) was designed
51
for an intermediate and ultimate population of 80,000 and 125,000 in 1976 and 1991
respectively. However, at the time of commissioning of the scheme in 1962, Tiruppur‘s
population had surpassed the designed intermediate population. This called for initiatives
for improvement and/or expansion of the existing scheme, to cater to the additional
population and in extended areas.
152. Moreover, the provision of protected water supply and other economic developments in the
region led to rapid expansion of residential localities in the town. Consequently, additional
network of about 11.47 km. was added in the year 1970 to serve the expanded areas within
TM.
153. The expansion of network though helped in equitable distribution of water to the areas, but
the quantum of supply was well below the design supply of 70 lpcd. In the context of this
shortfall and the growing demand for piped water in TM and other small towns and villages
in the region, it became necessary to augment the water supply. The TWAD Board drew a
plan for a CWSS for the region. Thus, the Scheme II was planned.
Details of Water Supply Scheme - II
154. Design Population: The estimated population for the ultimate year (2011) for the project
areas is given in Table 5.4. It was proposed to provide water at the rate of 110 lpcd to
Tiruppur Municipality, 70 lpcd to Town Panchayats and 40 lpcd to Village Panchayats.
Based on this and the available supply from the first scheme after under taking
improvements, the total capacity of Scheme II was estimated to be 46 MLD.
Table 5.4: Design Population and Water Supply Requirement for Scheme II
S. No. Village/Town Population LPCD Demand-MLD
Ultimate Year 2011
1. Tiruppur Town 3,00,000 110 33.00
2. Avinashi 30,000 70 2.10
3. Annur 25,000 70 1.75
4. Tirumuruanpoondi 12,000 70 0.84
5. 15 Velampalayam 26,090 70 1.83
6. 44 Village Panchayats 3,08,910 40 13.01
Total 7,02,000 52.53
7. Scheme I –Supply *** 8.62
8. Additional 43.91
9. Add 5 percent for wash water 2.19
10. Additional Quantity Reqd. 46.10
*** After capacity enhancement from initial design capacity of 7.15 MLD
155. Intake Structure: River Bhavani was identified as the source for Scheme II. It was proposed
to draw the additional ultimate stage requirement of 46 MLD from the surface source of
River Bhavani and to supply from the first scheme to be utilized for Tiruppur Municipality
only.
156. The off take arrangement constructed for the first scheme was sufficient only for the
existing supply, hence to draw additional water it was proposed to construct a new set of
off take arrangements. As part of Scheme II, a new intake well of 6 m diameter with three
inlet pipes at three different levels of 290.50 m, 293.50 m and 296.50 m was constructed
52
just upstream of the existing head-works
157. Pumps and Pumping Main: The raw water pump-house is located over the intake well itself
with water turbine pump-set. The raw water is pumped to the treatment plant with two deep
well vertical turbine pump-sets of 170 HP, each having a duty of 22,920 lpm against a head
of 17 m, with one stand by unit. The pumping main of 700 mm dia and 107 m length is
designed to deliver raw water to carry 31,950 lpm including the wash water requirement of
5 percent upto the aerator in the treatment plant.
158. Treatment Plant: The treatment plant is designed for intermediate stage requirement 33
MLD (1996). The treatment plant is of conventional type with aeration, pre-chlorination,
alum dosing, flocculation, filtration, sedimentation filtration and dis-infection with ground
level of 300.90 m.
159. Clear Water Reservoir: A clear water reservoir of 1-hour storage (18 lakhs liters) for the
ultimate stage requirement is constructed to collect the filtered water. The treated water is
collected in a suction well and pumped to the Booster station located at Nadur. A centrifugal
pump-set of 385 HP, with a duty of 21785 lpm for a head of 40 m is installed inside the
clear-water pump house with one stand by unit. Table: 5.5 illustrate the details of Pumping
Main and Booster station – Scheme-I.
Table 5.5: Details of Pumping Main and Booster Stations – Scheme II

S.No. Particulars Nadur Pugaloor
Booster Stations
1. Distance from Head 4.300 15.580
Work (Kms)
2. Pump with Motor 2 Nos. 635p HP 2 Nos. 550 HP
3. Standby 1 No. 1 No.
4. Year of Installation 1992 1992
5. Discharge 359 lps 343 lps
6. Head 39.50 m 43.5 m
7. Generator-125 KVA
8. Sump- 10 lakhs liters 9 lakhs liters
160. Transmission Main: From Annur ridge point upto Tiruppur town there is fall of 84 m in the
ground level. The total length of transmission main is 54.135 kms, of which, the initial
reach from Head Works to Annur Ridge point is 18.66 km of 800 mm diameter PSC
pumping main. From Annur Ridge Point to Tiruppur (35.475 km), the transmission is
through 700 mm PSC gravity main. Figure 3.4 presents a schematic diagram of the
transmission line of the scheme.
161. Service Reservoirs and Distribution System: Under Scheme II, eight elevated storage
reservoirs were constructed, with a total capacity of 82 lakhs liters. One ESR was
constructed at each of the seven Districts (two in district VI). The total distribution network
laid in TM as part of Scheme II is about 250 kms. Subsequently regular extensions of the
distribution network have been made and the existing distribution system comprises of a
total of 314.71 km. (including 42.47 km. of first scheme).
53
Details of the Scheme III – (NTADCL)
162. New Tiruppur Area Development Corporation Limited is executing Tirupur Water Supply
Scheme III. This is the first BOOT Project in India in water supply sector with a joint
venture by Government of Tamilnadu with private sector participation. Under this project,
it is proposed to draw 185 MLD of water from River Cauvery.
163. Annainauvampalayam in Erode District through an Intake structure. Raw water will be
pumped through 1400 mm dia. MS pipe for a length of 1.40 Km to the proposed 185 MLD
Treatment Plant. After treatment, the clear water will be conveyed through 1400 mm dia
MS pipe for a length of about 54 Km being laid along the NH– 47 with assistance of an
online Booster Pumping Station (BPS) and collected in a Master Balancing Reservoir
(MBR) of 23 million liter capacity, located near Pooluvapatti, Tiruppur.
164. From the Master Balancing Reservoir, the treated water will be distributed to the industries
and the Public by laying three Feeder Mains. Feeder Main 2 and 3 will supply water to the
industries located at the periphery of Tiruppur Local Planning Area. Feeder Main 1 will
feed water to the Tiruppur Municipality, which is a bulk water supply. The water will be
stored in 36 Water Distribution Stations, which comprise of one Ground Level Service
Reservoir (GLSR) and an Elevated Service Reservoir (ELSR). From these distribution
stations, water will be supplied to the industries through a network of distribution system.
165. At present about 800 industries, 15 nos. of village panchayats, 1 no. of special village
panchayat and 3 nos. of III Grade Municipalities will receive water from this Project. Apart
from this, tapping points are provided along the transmission main to supply water to five
Wayside Unions. TWAD Board will provide the infrastructure for these five Unions. Works
on all the components (Underground sewerage & water supply) of the Project are under
progress. The proposed worked is almost complete and awaiting inauguration. The details
of water supply scheme-III is tabulated in Table: 5.6.
Table 5.6: Water Supply Scheme III

No. of Habitations 2005 2024 Population Rs. /
(1991 Census) KL
MLD MLD
5 Wayside Unions-651 Nos. 8.27 14.55 3,75,470 2.25
15 Village Panchayats 106 Nos. 8.36 14.72 2.25
1 Special Village Panchayat and 2 Nos. of III 4.00 7.04 3.50
Grade Municipalities 35 Nos.
Total 20.63 36.32
Tiruppur Municipality 12.50 26.00 2,35,661 5.00
Industry 115 115 45.00
Source: Tiruppur Municipality & Analysis
54
Existing Distribution Network
166. The Town is divided into seven water supply districts for the distribution purpose. Each
District has one or more storage reservoirs and an exclusive command area where water is
supplied through HSCs and PSPs. In addition to service connections, TM also supplies
water to areas uncovered by the distribution network, by way of tanker supply. The features
of the different components of the distribution network viz. Storage Reservoirs, Distribution
Pipeline and Service Connections are discussed below.
Table 5.7: Details of Storage Reservoirs

S.No. Location Scheme Type Wards Covered Capacity
ML
1. Avinashi Road I GLSR 37-48 2.000
2. Avinashi Road I ESR 20-24 0.450
3. Dharapuram Road I ESR 34-36,45, 50 0.175
4. Avinashi Road II ESR 1-5,8, 19-24 1.800
5. Avinashi Rd II ESR 6-18 2.600
(Bharati Complex)
6. Roypuram II ESR 25-28 1.000
7. Puchekadu II ESR 29-33 1.000
8. Thennampalayam II ESR 34, 51 0.500
9. Dharapuram Road II ESR 35,36,42-45 0.500
10. Perichipalayam II ESR 44, 45,49,50 0.400
11. Vinobanagar II ESR 50, 52 0.400
Total 10.825
167. Storage Reservoirs: There are eleven storage reservoirs in TM- three part of Scheme I and
eight part of Scheme II. The total storage capacity available is 10.825 Million liters. The
details of the eleven storage reservoirs are presented in Table 5.7.
Distribution Pipeline
168. The total length of distribution pipeline in the Town is 314.71 kms. About 50 kms of the
pipeline was laid as part of Scheme I over 30 years back. The distribution network
comprises of 3-inch to 12-inch diameter C.I, A.C and P.V.C pipes. The existing road length
in the Municipal limits is about 420 kms. The existing distribution network covers about 75
per cent of road length indicating the extent or reach of the network. The district-wise
coverage of distribution network is presented in Table 5.8.
169. The distribution network was initially laid in 1963 as part of Scheme I, with three reservoirs
serving the whole town. Subsequently the network was extended as part of improvement of
the network in 1970. Thereafter, about 250 kms of distribution pipeline was laid in 1991
under Scheme II, and since then, the network has been extended as new connections were
provided. However, there has been no major re-organization of the supply
arrangements/zoning since the first Scheme. This has resulted in situations where the GLSR
of Scheme I located in the North-West of Tiruppur supplies to areas in the South-east.
55
Table 5.8: Length of Distribution Network

District Length
km
District 1 90.00
District 2 19.66
District 3 27.26
District 4 80.32
District 5 56.41
District 6 26.12
District 7 14.94
Total Length 314.71
Service Connections
170. The water is supplied through the distribution lines to a length of 314.71 km. there are about
38,861 Nos. of Domestic connections, 4,781 Nos. of Non Domestic connections, 4,910 Nos.
of non - meter basis connections (Government buildings) and 678 Nos. of Public fountains.
The details of water supply connections are furnished in Table: 5.9
Table 5.9: Water Supply Connections in Tiruppur

Category Numbers
Domestic 38,861
Non-Domestic 4,781
Un-metered 4,910
Total 43,642
Public Stand Posts 678
171. Tanker Supply: Tiruppur Municipality supplies water through tankers to the areas that are
not served by piped water supply free of cost. Table: 5.10 follow the areas covered by
tanker Supply.
Table: 5.10 Area covered for tanker supp supply

RS Puram Annapurna Lay out
Karunapuri Layout Ayyan Nagar
Sivasakthi Nagar KVR Nagar Slum
KVR Nagar Karaithottam Slum
CIDCO Area Prapalayam
Poopuhar Jeeva Nagar
Golden Nagar Dhanalaxmi Layout
Kamraj Nagar Kuruppan Chettiar Street
Fathima Nagar Jamunai Pallam
Pirchampalayam-Nagamaram thottam Satya Nagar
Chamundipuram-Nehruji Nagar Thattam thottam
Cotton Mill Area Thanku thottam
Krishna Nagar Sosaipuram
56
Thiruvika Nagar Kumarappa puram

J.P. Nagar Kallampalayam
Ambedkar Nagar Kongu Nagar
Gopal Nagar PKR Lay Out
MNS Nagar Thennampalayam
Thyagi Palaswamy Nagar TMC Colony
Bharati Dasan Nagar
Service Adequacy and Key Issues.
172. The proposal in CCP has assisted in improving the service levels, which is given in the
Table: 5.11. It can be noted that the service levels have come down in terms of per capita
water supply and the distribution network reach. However, the proposals by NTADCL is
aimed at improve water supply
Table 5.11: Comparative Assessment of Service levels – Water Supply

Indicator Unit Current Situation Earlier Benchmark
(2005) status (1999)
Per Capita Supply LPCD 74 82.9 90.0
(Normal season)
T&D losses/ Total Supply % 43.64 15
Supply Frequency day 2 hours, Once in 5 4-8 hours, Daily
days alternate
days
Population served to Total % 75 78.11 100
Population
Distribution Network % 137.46* 75.0* 85
Reach
(% of Road Length)
Storage capacity/ Total % 41.70 38.77 > 33
supply
% P.T. Assessments with % 61.81 65 > 85
HSCs
Public Stand Posts nos. 661 543
Source: Analysis
* Conflicting road length (earlier CCP vs. road ledger)
The issues are summarized as follows
Though each of the water supply districts is a hydraulically independent zone, with
an exclusive service reservoir, each district is sub-divided into sub-zones for the
purpose of regulating water supply. As a result, water is supplied to the households
once in three to four days. This could be mainly due to problems in the distribution
network like leaks, inadequacy of carrying capacity of pipe, frictional losses in old
pipes, tapping of distribution mains for HSCs, etc. All these also result in lower
residual pressure in the downstream areas which are subject to perennial water
problems.
However, actual flow measurements at the bulk (entry) point of Tiruppur
57
Municipality, and TWAD Board’s water Bill for the last six months, reveal that the
actual water supply to T.M from Schemes I and II is 4.5 and 22 MLD respectively,
resulting in a gross supply of about 26.5 MLD. Even at this supply level, the gross
per capita supply for the current supply works out to about 84 lpcd.
Despite the sufficiency of bulk water entering T.M (to the extent of 84 lpcd), water
is supplied once in three to four days in most of the areas. The weighted average
supply frequency works out to about once in 3.5 days.
This could be attributed to different factors including improper feeding of reservoirs

as also the problems in internal distribution
Pipeline laid as part of Scheme I (1962) are in bad condition- especially the 3” and
4“ cast iron pipes, wherein incrustation has reduced capacity by about30 to 40 per
cent
Due to the rocky sub-surface in Tiruppur Municipality, the P.V.C pipes tend to get
damaged easily, especially when there isn’t sufficient bedding- this leads in
significant leakage and contamination of water
Due to inadequate water at the Service Reservoir, and internal distribution problem,
the District I is further divided into 26 zones, where water is supplied in turns. It
takes about 3 to 4 days to complete one cycle. Similarly, all districts have been sub-
divided into zones and the water supply cycle ranges from 2 days to even 5 days in
some zones.
In almost all the Districts, many house service connections have been given from the
feeder mains, resulting in inadequate residual pressure at tail-end areas.
Ongoing & Proposed Sub-Projects.
173.The improvement measures proposed by the municipality are as follows
• Replacement of motors and pump sets in the first scheme

• Providing 100 nos. of bore wells
• Erecting 50 nos. of power pumps
• Maintaining existing reservoirs
The above-mentioned proposals are estimated to cost about Rs. 90 lakhs.
174. The Third Water Supply scheme proposed is expected to be operation by the end of 2005
with a per capita water supply to reach 120 LPCD. There is also a proposal of constructing
one 3.5 lakhs litres capacity OHT and eight nos. of GLR’s with a net capacity of 256.50
lakhs litres. The system is being implemented by NTADCL. The funds are mobilised from
Public Private Partnerships. The refurbishment plan proposed by NTADCL is presented in
Table 5.12.
58
Table 5.12: Refurbishment plan by NTADCL

Indicator Unit Number
Rehabilitation of Valves Nos. 105
Replacement of Existing CI pipes with PVC Km 10
Replacement of G.I. Pipe with MDPE for HSC Nos. 13,000
Replacing the Deformed PVC pipes Km 15
Replacing Black PVC pipes Km 5
Feeder main – 200 mm to 500 mm size Km 6.5
Feeder main – 200 mm to 600 mm size Km 8.70
Construction of Overhead tank at Vinobaji Nagar
Strengthening of OHT at Thennampalayam
Overhauling the existing filter beds in the head works.
175. A total cost of about Rs. 1000 lakhs is estimated for the above mentioned works.
2. Sewerage and Sanitation
There is no under ground drainage system in Tiruppur. Disposal of Night Soil is normally
by way of individual facilities and liquid waste (Sullage and kitchen waste) is through the
open drains.
176. The main mode of individual disposal in the town is through septic tanks, Low Cost
Sanitation units and through public conveniences. Forty five percent of the population has
resorted to private arrangements, in the form of septic tanks. Though majority of the people
has individual sanitation facilities, the disposal of sewage through open drainage is leading
to the pollution of under ground and surface water. One of the indicators being the
increasing number of water borne diseases registered with the health department of the
municipality.
177. With the River Noyyal already being polluted by industrial waste discharges, the disposal of
sewage is further expected to aggravate the situation and hence the need for the under
ground drainage facility. The sanitation Facilities of Tiruppur Municipality is tabulated in
Table: 5.13.
Table 5.13: Sanitation Facilities in Tiruppur

Indicator Unit Units
Public Toilets Nos. 18
ISP Complex Nos. 11
VAMBAY Nos. 9
Pay & Use Nos. 11
Total Nos. 49
178. Wastewater Generation: Based on the per capita water supply levels of the city it is
estimated that around 28.5 MLD of sewage is generated in Tiruppur. While the quantum of
sewage generated is clearly proportional to the water supplied, the need arises to determine
the stress areas in order to provide an underground drainage network.
59
Map 5.2: Existing Sanitation Facilities in Tiruppur
60
179. In accordance with the water supply zones, districts 1 and 5 are densely populated, which
should be given priority in project formulation. Further outward population growth of the
city will increase the quantum of sewage generated by the city, which need to be considered
in the project design.
180. On the Industrial front with over 2000 industries, the contribution of industrial discharges in
Tiruppur is significant. A recent estimate by NTADCL indicates that the discharge from
water intensive bleaching and dyeing units of the city is around 40 MLD. This wastewater
to a large extent is untreated and is discharged into Noyyal River, dry wells or onto open
lands.
Service Adequacy and Key Issues.
181. The absence of Under Ground Drainage system seems to be the major cause of concern.
However, the proposals for UGD by NTADCL have almost been completed and awaiting
full functioning. Thus, after the new UGD system is installed, the problem of sanitation will
be solved to a great extent.
182. However, the prevention of pollution of Noyyal river seems to be imperative and efforts has
to be taken up to for a common effluent treatment plant and strict laws should be enforced to
restore the sanctity of the river.
Projects and Sub Projects
183. There is a proposal to construct 255 nos. of additional public toilets, which will be covered
under the NTADCL water and UGD scheme at an estimated cost of Rs.8 Crores, which is
expected to be completed by this year-end.
184. NTADCL has identified 36 most densely populated and contiguous wards of the town for
provision of the sewerage service. This would cover about 70 percent of the town
population (1991 census) spread over 11.05 sq. kms i.e. about 40 per cent of the town area.
185. NTADCL has proposed underground sewerage facilities for Tiruppur Municipality, as part
of the Tiruppur Area Development Project. As part of the project the agency proposes to lay
about 200 Km of sewer lines of sizes ranging from 150 mm to 700 mm.
186. NTADCL is implementing a massive Rs.1023 Crores project for water and UGD scheme, in
which about 70 percent of the population will be covered under this scheme (36 wards out
of 52 wards). This project envisages about 124 kms of sewer line. Four sewage pumping
stations and 30 MLD capacity sewage treatment plant is also envisaged. The whole system
is nearing completion and is expected to be operational by the end of 2005. The salient
features of the proposed UGD system is presented in the Table 5.14.
187. Municipality has also requested NTADCL to cover the balance 16 wards in the UGD
scheme and it is expected that the UGD system in the balance 16 wards will be operational
by 2007.
61
Table 5.14: Salient features of the proposed UGD system

Feature Coverage
Sewage Treatment plant Municipal land of 13.77 Acres of area at Sarkar
Periyapalayam which is 15 Km. away from Tiruppur. -
30 MLD capacity
i) Length of sewer line 124 Kms.
ii) Wards covered area 36 Wards
Ward No:
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,23,24,26,
27,28,29,31,32,35,36,37,39,42,43,44,45,46,47,49 and 51
iii) Un covered Ward area 16 Wards
iv) Sludge disposal To Iduvai area
v) Treated Water Let out to near by odai
Sewage Pumping station 4 Nos. (i) Vanakkara Ravuthar Thottam
(ii) Kangeyam road near Telephone exchange
(iii) Near Nataraja theatre
(iv) End of Kongu main road
Sewage Treatment plant Municipal land of 13.77 Acres of area at Sarkar
Periyapalayam which is 15 Km. away from Tiruppur. -
30 MLD capacity
3. Storm Water Drainage and Rejuvenation of Water Bodies
188. Storm Water Drains of Tiruppur also carry the wastewater in addition to the storm water
generated during the rains. With a total length of 393 km, the drainage net work covers
majority of the road network of the town. While 65 percent of the drains are Pucca drains.
Covered drainage is absent in the city. During the discussions with the officials, it is
explicated that, almost all the road have drains on both the sides. Percentage of drains to the
total road length works out to be 177 percent. However, it is noted from the solid waste
action plan that only 71.55 percent of the area has surface drain and 25.45 percent of the
area without surface drain facilities. This lays a serious suspect on the presented road length
by the municipality.
189. The existing situation is analyzed through visual inventory surveys of the existing network.
Inventory survey of these existing drains reveals the covered drains are absent in the town.
The widths of the existing drains vary between 0.3 m to 0.5 m. The drains carry the
wastewater in addition to the rainwater generated during the rains. These open drains are
poorly maintained with industrial solid waste and garbage being dumped into the drains at
many places. The details of the storm water drains is presented in Table 5.15.
Table 5.15: Storm water Drainage

Category Length
km
Pucca Drains 246.00
Kutcha Drains 146.64
Total Drain Length 392.64
Natural Drains 10.3
62
Map 5.3: Existing Water Bodies in Tiruppur
63
190. In addition to the River Noyyal, waterways for a length of 10.3 km serve as the primary
drains. The details of the natural drains are presented below.
(i) Noyyal river from Parapalayam to Mannarai

(ii) Jannanai Odai KVR Nagar to Noyyal
(iii) Mandiri Vaikal from Kongu nagar to Noyyal nagar
(iv) Sangili Pallan channel (from L.R.G college to Noyyal river)
191. There are four ponds in Tiruppur town. Storm water from these water bodies, mixed with
domestic sewage over loads the open drainage system and inundates the low-lying areas of
the town. To address these issues provision of closed storm water drains and flood
protection works in the flood prone areas of the town are of utmost important.
192. PWD and the municipality maintain Noyyal River. The river cleaning project has been
taken up by ‘VALAM’, an organization involving Tiruppur Exports Association, Tiruppur
Rotary and other dignitaries of the town.
Service Adequacy and Key Issues
193. It was inferred from the comparative assessment that, there has been an addition of about 70
kms of the storm water drain.
Table 5.16: Comparative Assessment – Storm Water Drain

Indicator Unit Existing Earlier Status
Situation (2005) (1999)
Total length of existing storm water drains Km 392.64 320.71
Road Coverage % 1771 76*
Source: Tiruppur Municipality, City Corporate Plan-Tiruppur, Analysis
194. The issues identified in the storm water drainage are
(i) Silting and Constriction due to weeding of major canals: Silting and Constriction due
to weeding of major canals such as the Noyyal river, Jannai odai etc course leads to
flooding of residential areas located along the course.
(ii) Flooding of residential areas located along the course.
(iii) Encroachments along the major canals have led to the weakening of the bunds which
has also been one of the prime causes for severe flooding.
(iv) Disposal of solid waste into drainage channels
4. Solid Waste Management
195. Tiruppur town generates around 280 tons of waste every day at a rate of 775 grams per
capita per day. The higher per capita waste generation rate is attributed to the industrial
character of the town. The composition of the solid waste is presented in Table 5.17.
1
conflicting road length (earlier CCP report vs municipality’s road ledger)
64
Figure 5.1: Composition of Solid Waste

196. It can be read from the Figure 5.1 that, about
55 percent of the waste is Bio-degradable, Com position of Solid Waste
which primarily originates from the Bio Medical
residential solid waste and from the markets w aste
Inert 4%
which contribute about 90 percent of the
24%
total bio-degradable and is sent to the IVR Bio
plant for composting. About 17 percent of Degradable
the waste are recyclable, which usually are Recyclable 55%
the polyethylene, bit clothes, scraps etc. 17%
About 24 percent of the waste is identified as
inert which are mainly sourced from the industries, construction sites and road sweeping.
Table 5.17: Composition of Tiruppur Waste

Classification Type Quantity Total Quantity
Domestic Residential 107 107

Industries Large 40.6
Medium 24.2
Small 16.2 81
Commercial & Others Shops 26
Government buildings 2
Educational 4
Lodges 6
Cinema theatres 2 40
Segregated Waste Markets
Hotels
Kalyana Mandapams
Sandhai
Juice shops 52 52
Bio Degradable Hospitals 2 2
Source: Tiruppur municipality
Primary Collection:
197. Door to door collection is implemented in 14 wards partially and proposed to be

implemented in other wards in a phased manner
198. For effective solid waste management, the city is divided into 13 sanitary divisions each
comprising of 3 to 5 wards. A sanitary inspector looks after each sanitary division. One
sanitary supervisor and about 50 sanitary workers are employed to carry out the solid waste
management activities.
199. Each sanitary worker is allotted a specific area in their respective division for carrying out
street sweeping, open drain cleaning, rubbish collection and dustbin clearance. For each
division one lorry is engaged daily for cleaning the rubbish collection and dustbin clearance.
200. The remote locations are cleaned in mass cleaning programs. In the busy places like market,
8 sanitary workers are exclusively engaged to remove the entire garbage accumulation daily.
About 8 to 10 MT of garbage are being removed daily from these markets.
65
201. The average daily generation of waste in Tiruppur town is about 280 MT. The average
garbage transported in about 260 MT. The table presented below indicates the vehicles used
for primary collection and transportation in each division. Table 5.18 illustrates the details
of infrastructure facilities of Tiruppur Municipality
Table 5.18: Primary collection – Generation and Infrastructure details

Divi Wards No of Total garbage No of No of No of No of
sion Househ sanitary push tri- mini
old workers carts cycles lorries
De- Re
gradable cyclable
I 1,2,3,20,21 12,517 28.20 1.30 43 6 0 0
II 4,5,8,9,19 7,027 25.05 1.10 35 11 2 0
III 17,18 2,914 11.55 0.50 21 1 0 0
IV 6,7,10 5,281 13.15 0.80 25 3 0 1
11,12,13,14,
V 15 11,613 30.55 1.25 47 4 0 0
VI 25,26,27,28 5,324 18.50 1.00 45 12 0 1

VII 37,38,39,40 6,571 18.50 1.00 39 5 0 0
29,30,31,32,
VIII 33 8,614 21.75 1.25 47 10 0 0
IX 36 1,763 11.50 0.50 78 5 0 0
X 34,35,51,52 6,986 18.50 1.00 43 5 0 0
41,42,43,46,
XI 47,48 9,337 21.25 1.25 48 2 0 0
XII 44,45,49,50 6,368 22.00 1.50 55 4 2 0
XIII 22,23,24 5,935 11.75 0.75 32 3 0 1
Total 265.45 13.90 581 74 4 3
202. 26 hired tractors are also used in garbage transportation to the dumpsite. Besides, two tipper
lorries, 7 lorries are used to transport to the sump sites.
203. The municipal staff fleet for solid waste management is presented in Table 5.19.
Table 5.19: Municipal staff for Solid Waste Management

Capacity Staff strength
Municipal Health Officer 1
Sanitary Inspector 13
Public Health Inspectors 15
Sanitary Workers 819
Vehicle Drivers 16
66
Waste Disposal:
204. Compost Plant: The compost plant is situated at Kovilvazhi, 7 km away from the municipal
limit. The segregated waste collected in each division is transported to IVR Enviro Project
(P) Ltd, for an aerobic composting plant for manure preparation The plant has been set up
on BOT basis in collaboration with M/S Enviro Project (P) Ltd.
205. The plant is under operation since November 2001. Till date municipality has supplied
about 20,473 MT segregated waste to IVR plant, out of which the plant has manufactured
manure of about 6000 MT. The cost of manure is Rs. 3.50 per Kg for first quality and Ts.
2.50 for second quality.
206. Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) has granted permission to deliver a
maximum operation capacity of 100 MT to the compost plant. Presently, only 30 to 40 MT
of the segregated waste is being supplied to IVR plant and is not able to supply the accepted
100 MT of segregated waste to the IVR plant as per the terms and conditions. In this regard,
Commissioner of Municipal Administration has been requested to offer a free consultancy
service to the municipality, through TNUIFSL for utilization of IVR plant for segregation
waste and dumping yard for safe disposal method and also to handle the solid waste as per
the Solid Waste Management handling rules 2000.
207. Dump yard: Temporary Land fill site is available in Papanaickenpalayam with an extent of
3 acres and a temporary landfill site is located in Masco nagar, which has an extent of 1
acre. These two-paraikuli landfill sites is used for dumping of un segregated waste nearing
about 230 tones daily. These landfill sites would be sufficient only for the next one year. It
is proposed to acquire the private land quarry at Velliankadu, which has an extent of about
4.5 acres at about 5 kms from the town. Further landfill site is also being identified in Iduvai
village.
Service Adequacy:
208. As per the comparative assessment table, the service levels have improved from the earlier
status and most of the proposals envisaged in the City Corporate Plan have been adhered.
However, it is noted that, vehicle fleet is inadequate, which has to be improved.
Comparative analysis of solid waste management is tabulated in Table: 5.20.
Table 5.20: Comparative Assessment of Level of Service - SWM

Indicator Unit Existing Earlier Benchmark
Situation-2005 Status-1999
Source segregation % 25 0 100
House to House Collection % 35 0 100
Per Capita Generation Gms/ 775 1150
Day
Collection Performance % 90 75 100
(% Collected to Generated)
Source: Analysis, Action plan for SWM, Tiruppur Municipality
67
209. The issues and deficiency in the present system is as follows
210. Primary Collection
i. Source Segregation and house to house collection practiced in 10 percent area

ii. Uncontrolled littering along main roads, streets and drains
iii. Lack of adequate community participation in primary collection
iv. Mismanagement of the hired vehicles
v. Lock of records to track hired and owned vehicles.
211. Secondary Collection
i. Inefficient fleet management system

ii. Lack of workshop facilities
iii. Absence of synchronized system between primary and bulk wastage storage facility
iv. Higher expenditure on maintenance of vehicles used in secondary transportation
212. Processing and Disposal of waste
i. Assigned organic waste not duly delivered to the private operator (IVRL)
ii. Absence of scientific landfill method.
5. Roads and Traffic Management
213. The Municipality, State Highways & Rural Works, and the National Highways maintain
roads in the city. However, the highways passing through the city account for about 20.8
kms. Road improvement works and planning in residential areas is the prerogative of the
Municipality.
214. Existing Situation: The Municipality maintains a large road network of 229.89 Km. Of the
total road length 80.7 percent are Black Topped roads, 7.9 percent are Concrete roads, and
the balance 6 percent include Earthen and other roads. The road length does not include
State and National Highway roads, which pass through the city. The municipal surfaced
roads are listed in Table: 5.21.
Table 5.21: Municipality road - Details

Roads Length Percentage
Kms %
Black Top surface 185.45 80.7
Cement Concrete Surface 18.24 7.9
Earthen road 26.20 11.4
Total 229.89
Highways 20.8
215. The total road length as presented by the municipality according to the road ledger is lesser
than the numbers mentioned in the city corporate plan. However, for the sake of
consistency, consultants have adhered to the municipal road ledger records and have
68
Map 5.4: Road Network in Tiruppur
69
utilized that data for further analysis
216. Service Adequacy and Key Issues: The current network covers 8.45 km length for per sq.
km of municipal area accounting for a per capita road length of 0.67 m. The municipal road
indicators are illustrated in Table 5.22.
Table 5.22: Municipality Roads - Service Indicators.

Indicator Current Situation Benchmark
Road Density 8.45 10.0 – 15.0 Km/ Sq.km
Per Capita Road Length 0.67 1.75 m
percent CC Roads to Municipal Road
7.9 5.0 percent
Length
percent Municipal Surfaced Roads 88.6 percent 100.0 percent
Source: Analysis
217. Based on the information collected and field visits, the key issues facing the roads and
transport corridors of Tiruppur have been identified and presented in this section. Key
indicators are used to assess service adequacy of Tiruppur Municipality.
(i) Inadequate Coverage. There is only 8.45 km/sq.km of road coverage as compared to
a norm of 10-15 km/sq/km, attributed to the municipal extents. Inadequate coverage
is noticed in the newly developed layouts and in the extended areas.
(ii) High Density and Congested Lanes. Roads in the old city areas are narrow and
surrounded by heavily built-up areas. These roads also carry large volumes of traffic
due to wholesale markets and commercial trading in the area. These factors make
the lanes highly susceptible to air pollution and delayed travel times.
(iii) Encroachment. The margins of roads are encroached upon in several sections of
major roads of the city by illegal parking and other informal activities. With no
margins left on the roads, the effective carriageway of the road is reduced drastically
leading to congestion and accidents.
(iv) Absence of Street Furniture/Signages. The roads lack signals, signages, and
footpaths. Improper road sweeping results in most roads being covered with silty
soil, which reduces the driving safety.
(v) Poorly Maintenance of Road: The water supply works and the UGD works have
spoiled the road surfaces and thus the roads are filled with pot holes and bumps.
Traffic Management
218. The city and it’s environ is served by a radial road network comprising of three State
Highways and one National Highway. Apart from the above roads, the other principal
arterials that radiate from the centre are given below.
219. The major roads passing through Tiruppur are Avinashi – Palladam road (SH 19),
Perumanallur Road (MDR) Dharapuram road (MDR), Kangeyam road (MDR), Uthukuli
road (MDR) and Mangalam Road (ODR).
70
220. Avinashi Road (SH 19): This road forms the

major connectivity for Tiruppur connecting
the town with NH 47 in the North near
Avinashi (Km 115/600 of NH 47). The total
length of this section from Tiruppur to NH
47 junction is about 14 km. The existing
road configuration is of two-lane road with
improper earthen shoulders on both sides in
rural section and road is black topped
between building at built-up locations. The
View of Avinashi Road Junction with NH 47
carriageway width ranges between 6.5m to
8m. The ROW varies from 25m to 30m. The road is in fair condition. The traffic on this
road is in the range of 12000 to 15000 PCU (Passengers Car Units) per day in the rural
section.
221. Palladam Road (SH 19): This road forms the

other major connectivity for Tiruppur
connecting the town with NH 67 in the North
near Palladam (Km 302/800 of NH 67). The
total length of this section from Tiruppur to
NH 67 junction is about 14 km. The existing
road configuration is of two-lane road with
improper earthen shoulders on both sides.
The carriageway width ranges from 6.5m to
8m. The ROW varies from 25m to 30m. The
road is in fair condition except for stretch of
1-km length (km 25/0 to 26/0) where the
road is in poor condition with potholes and
View of Palladam Road
cracks. The traffic on this road is in the range
of 10000 to 14000 PCU per day in the rural
section.
222. Perumanallur (PN) Road (MDR): This is a

major district road connecting Tiruppur and
NH 47 near Perumanallur (Km 105/600 of
NH 47). The new Mofussil bus terminal is
located on this road (Km 3/600). One way
system is adopted from the 60 feet road
junction to Avinashi road junction near
Harvey road. The total length of this stretch
is 12 Km. The existing road configuration is
of two lane road and the carriage way width
varies from 6.6 m to 7.0m. The road is in
poor condition from Km 11/0 to 12/0 with
pot holes and alligator cracks. The stretch View of Perumanallur Road (Km 10/200)
from 11/0 to 5/0 has been recently overlaid and is in good condition.
71
223. Dharapuram Road (MDR): This is a

major district road connecting Tiruppur
with Dharapuram. The existing road
configuration is of two-lane road and the
carriageway width varies from 6.8 m to
7.0m in rural section and is about 10m in
urban sections. The road is in fair
condition except for a stretch of about 2
Km, from Km 40/800 (near
Kovilvazhi) to Km 42/800
(Chettipalyam) with pot holes and View of Dharapuram Road
alligator cracks.
224. Kangeyam Road (MDR): This is a major district road commonly known as Tiruppur Padiyur
road connects Tiruppur with Kangeyam and Karur. The existing road configuration is of
two-lane road and the carriageway width varies from 6.0 m to 7.0m in rural section and is
about 10m in urban sections. The road
generally is in fair condition
225. Uthukuli Road (MDR): This is a major

district road, connects Tiruppur with
Uthukuli and Erode. The Tiruppur Exports
Knitwear Industrial Complex is located on
this road. The existing road configuration
is of two-lane road and the carriageway
width varies from 5.5 m to 7.0m. The road
is in fair condition
View of Utukuli Road
226. Road Over Bridge (ROB) and Subways
227. ROB AT LC 133A ON KONGU MAIN

ROAD: The level crossing LC 133A is
located on the Erode-Coimbatore rail line
across the link between Kongu Main
Road and Union Milll road / Utukuli
Road. Since it is located on the busy
railway link there are about 100 closures
in day. Due to the presence of clusters of
industries along Kongu Main Road
(Kumaran Colony, Appachi Nagar etc)
and Union Mill Road (KPN colony,
Devji colony etc.) heavy traffic
View of ROD at Kongu Main Road
movement is observed on these roads. As
per the railway records the total Train Vehicular Unit (TVU) at this location is about
3,50,000. As per the railway manual an ROB is warranted if the TVU cross 1,00,000 TVU
The average gate closure time is observed to be about 10 to 15 minutes. Due to the frequent
closure and the delay added with the narrow approaches of Kongu main road and Union
Mill road and Utukuli road traffic jams is common scene at this location.
72
228. Junctions: The major junctions identified in Tiruppur are as follows and almost all the
junctions warrants improvement to improve its geometry and for smooth traffic flow.
i. Avinashi Road – NH 47
ii. PN Road – NH 47
iii. Palladam Road – NH 67
iv. TEKIC Road and Utukuli Road Junction
v. TEKIC Road and Kankeyam Road Junction
vi. Ring Road Junction on Dharapuram road leading to Kankeyam
vii. Ring Road Junction on Kankeyam Road Leading to Dharapuram
viii. Ring Road Junction on Dharapuram Road leading to Palladam
ix. Ring Road Junction on Palladam Road leading to Dharapuram
x. Angeripalayam Road Junction with Avinashi Road
xi. Avinashi Road and PN road Junction
xii. Municipal Office Junction
229. Footpaths and Service Ducts: It is observed that, in most of the major roads in the town
pedestrians are forced to use the carriageway due to the absence or poorly maintained
footpaths. Added to this the electrical poles and other service cable poles like telephones,
cable TV’s etc. are improperly located on the carriageway. The electrical poles almost eat
away 5 to 10 percent of the carriageway width. This not only reduces the capacity of the
road but also poses a great danger to the pedestrians.
230. LCV Parking Terminal and Bus Stops: It has been observed that there is lot of interaction
between the industries and there by, there is a heavy LCV movement within the town.
Currently there is no exclusive parking facility for these LCV. From the site visits made, it
has been observed that LCV are parked along the major roads like Palladam Road, Avinashi
road, Universal Road, Perumanallur road etc.
231. The other issues of concern include:
Pedestrian facilities are lacking in the vicinity of the bus stand and the railway
station, which are highly congested areas. Footpaths along the major commercial
roads like the Kumaran road etc. are not being used by the pedestrians due to large
scale encroachments.
Parking areas are grossly inadequate near the bus stand and the railway station. On-
street parking, hampering the traffic flow is observed in the CBD area and along the
major commercial roads
Lack of traffic segregation along major arterial roads like Avinashi road and
Perumanallur road is hampering the smooth flow of vehicles and is one of the major
causes for accidents.
One of the main reasons for traffic congestion in the city is the lack of link
roads/orbital roads connecting the principal arterial roads. More over the movement
of heavy vehicles in the CBD is resulting in congestion and traffic problem.
73
Heavy traffic at few railway crossings at Kongu main road perumanallur road etc . is
leading to traffic delays.
6. Electricity:
232. There are 8715 streetlights in the town with an average spacing of 25.8 m making the town
adequately lit. 81 percent of total streetlights are tube lights and 15 percent are high power
lamps (70W, 250W sodium vapor lamps and High mast lamps). 1 high mast light is
provided. The number of street lights is illustrated in Table 5.23 and the existing situation is
compared with norm in Table 5.24.
Table 5.23: Street Light Details

Light Fitting Number
40 W Tube Light Fitting 7019
250 W Sodium Vapour Light Fitting 1686
High Mast Light 1
Others 9
Total 8715
233. Non-Lit areas: Unapproved areas in the north and the east zones are partially or not lit by
municipal streetlight, mainly along the peripheral areas and the emerging layouts along the
Uthukuli road, Avinashi road etc. On field visits and discussions, it is noted that, the
unauthorized layouts and slums have problems of inadequate lighting.
234. Service Adequacy and Key Issues: Based on the available data, discussions with the
officials, and field survey, the following the key issues and the performance indicators are
arrived.
Table 5.24: Street Lights - Indicators.

Indicator Unit Current Situation Benchmark
Spacing between Lamp Posts Meter 25.8 < 30.0 m
percent Tube Lights percent 80.5 70 – 80
High Power Lamps percent 15 20 – 30
Source: Analysis
The issues identified in street lighting area
i. High Energy cost

ii. Voltage drop in peripheral areas
iii. Absence of complaint redressal system
iv. High incidence of non-lit areas in the unapproved layouts.
v. High incidence of non-burning lamps
74
B. Social Infrastructure
1 Schools
235. The Municipality maintains 64 schools with a total teaching strength of 356 and student
strength of 29,623. Of the 64 schools run by the Municipality, 26 are Elementary schools, 4
Higher Elementary or Middle schools and 34 Higher Secondary schools. The Education
Facilities in Illustrated in Table: 5.25.
Table 5.25: Education - Tiruppur

Type of Schools No of Schools
Elementary Schools 26
Higher Elementary/ Middle School 4
High Schools 34
Number of Teachers 356
Number of Students 29,623
Student / Teacher Ratio 83.21
236. ICDS and Noon Meal Centers: There are 99 ICDS centres and 39 noon meal centre serving
the students in Tiruppur municipality
2 Public Health
237. Existing Situation: People’s health is a major determinant of their quality of life and ability
to participate fully in the community.
238. Municipality maintains 14 nos. of sanitary division including malaria eradication. There are
five nos. of hospital and three nos. of maternity center owned and maintained by the
municipality. The abstract is presented in Table 5.26.
Table 5.26: Public Health Facilities in Tiruppur

Health Center Number
Nos.
Number of Sanitary Divisions including Malaria Eradication 14
Number of Hospitals owned and maintained 5.
Number of Maternity Centers owned and maintained 3
3 Parks & Playgrounds
239. There are nine numbers of municipal parks, of which one is handed over to the Public
Works Department. The silver Jubilee park renovation is in progress and it is noted that, the
other seven parks are not maintained properly.
75
VI. URBAN BASIC SERVICES FOR POOR
240. Owing to rapid urbanization and fast growing industrial potential in and around the city,
large influx of the migrants has been observed, which has resulted in formation of slums.
The town presents a wide range of activities in various Institutional and commercial sectors.
Growth in such activities, possibilities of absorption in various service sectors, scope of
employment in trade and business activities, hawking, retailing, carting etc. could have
attracted rural poor to the town.
241. There are 87 notified slums located in all parts of the city and mainly concentrated along the
natural drains, Noyyal river and near to the major industries house a population of about
126,408 which is about 37 percent of the total population of Tiruppur. It can be noted from
Table 6.1 that, about 124 percent increase in the slum population is noticed from 1991 to
2003, which is very huge and clearly reflects the industrial nature of the town. It is noted
that, about 36 percent of the slum population consists of people below the poverty line
(BPL)
Table 6.1: List of Slums and population in Tiruppur

S.No Name of the Slum Ward Population Population
No. (1991) (2003)
Nos. Nos.
1 Thiyagi Palaniswmy Nagar 1 426 945
2 Fire Service Colony 1 322 931
3 S.A.P. Theatre Backside 1 627 1,108
4 Spida Palaniswamy Nagar 2 195 1,169
5 Navalar nagar 8 603 910
6 Subbiah Colony West 8 2,271 1,975
7 Pugalumperumal Veedi 5 1,012 1,765
8 Chandra Colony 10 562 1,313
9 Indira Nagar 7 180 1,305
10 V.O.C Nagar 12 1,632 2,611
11 Kuthuspuram 13 559 1,685
12 Kuthuspuram Annanagar 13 548 2,295
13 KongunagarHarijan Colony 14 737 2,376
14 Kongunagar Extension 14 558 2,270
15 Bridgeway Colony 17 590 1,606
16 Muniappan Koil Street 12 797 1,731
17 Ramamoorthy Nagar 19 1,488 2,311
18 Ramaian Nagar 20 1,321 1,750
19 Harvey Nagar 20 85 1,431
20 Kongangiri 22 456 2,837
21 Bharathi Nagar 22 383 1,677
22 Sathiya Nagar 22 250 2,045
23 Mosco Nagar 22 276 2,931
24 Bharthidasan Colony 21 463 1,631
25 Murunganpalayam 21 759 1,667
26 Murungapalayam Extn II st 21 220 1,331
27 Jawans Nagar 24 335 767
28 Sadiq Batcha Nagar 24 681 2,111
29 College Road 24 1,889 2,791
76

No. (1991) (2003)
30 Indira Colony 23 193 1,306
31 M.G.R. Nagar 23 376 1,576
32 Sidhivinayagar Nagar 22 358 1,697
33 Kumarappapuram Colony 25 1,468 2,026
34 Soosaiyapuram West 26 803 1,802
35 Soosaiyapuram East 26 801 1,872
36 Rayapuram Extension 27 197 1,201
37 Asad Street 28 359 592
38 Chinna Nagar 28 1,729 2,105
39 Ex-Serviceman Colony 28 685 1,476
40 Anaimedu Harijan Colony 27 190 1,257
41 Pettichettipuram 27 336 786
42 M.G.R.Colony 28 189 672
43 Valipalayam Road 37 244 740
44 Universal Road 38 361 567
45 B.S.Sundaram Road 38 330 686
46 Dhanalakshmi Mill opposite 38 226 1,051
47 Anaikadu 39 501 1,362
48 G.Ramaswamy Colony 39 543 1,472
49 Palayakadu River 39 273 1,091
50 Veikalmedu 40 187 1,302
51 Suguraman Nagar 41 1,559 3,462
52 Quaid Millath Nagar 41 669 870
53 Annai Sathya Nagar 41 475 2,171
54 Rajiv Nagar 41 177 605
55 Chellandiamman Thurai 38 945 1,750
56 Mission Street 42 556 581
57 Muthuswamy Chettiar street 33 537 1,161
58 Thulasi Rao street 36 374 585
59 Jannanai 36 380 1,336
60 Alangadu 29 1,459 1,660
61 Chittukaram Thottam 29 424 1,060
62 Mangalam Road Harijan Colony 29 233 712
63 Indira Nagar 34 191 777
64 L.R.G. Layout 34 498 727
65 Therkuthottam Indira colony 32 217 950
66 Periyar Nagar 32 363 1,272
67 Ponnagar 32 704 865
68 K.V.R.Nagar 31 828 4,190
69 Ambetkar Nagar 33 711 1,297
70 Kamaraj Road TMC colony 34 755 1,506
71 Poombukam West 34 1,093 1,145
72 Odaikarai 52 424 1,090
73 Thennampalayam Colony 51 830 1,225
74 Pudhu Thottam 45 519 1,690
75 Dharapuram Road T.M.C.Colony 50 293 1,815
76 Thillai Nagar 45 376 1,005
77 Anna Nagar 45 444 1,076
78 Periya Thottam, MGR Nagar 47 1,683 756
79 Kangayampalayam Pudur I 48 539 881
80 Kangayampalayam Pudur II 48 467 742
81 P.K.R Colony 46 1,559 1,259
77

No. (1991) (2003)
82 Perichipalayam North 50 1,138 1,672
83 Perichipalayam South 50 2,136 1,603
84 M.R.Thottam 50 506 632
85 Nehru Nagar 49 532 821
86 Arunthathiyar Colony 50 395 941
87 Dharapuram road Sangilipallam 49 171 660
88 Muthiyam Nagar 52 1,753 1,944
Total 57,487 126,408
A. Infrastructure in Slums - Overview
1. Water Supply
242. The approved slums are connected with water supply systems connected through public
stand posts. There are about 44 stand posts, 57 hand pumps spread across the slums.
According to the analysis, one public stand post has 1275 persons. Localized bore wells
serve as the major source of water supply for the slums
2. Sanitation
243. There are about 474 public toilet seats in 37 toilet blocks spread across the slums. It is
noticed that, one toilet seat is shared among 272 persons, while the norm is only 50 persons.
Open defecation is predominantly noticed along the tank bunds and the nallah’s. It is also
noted that, improper maintenance of the toilet blocks is a major cause of concern in most of
the slums.
3. Roads and Street lights
244. The Municipality has laid Bituminous and Cement Concrete Roads in a majority of the
slums. 41.30 Km is provided in slum a locality, which works out to be about 0.3 m per
capita, which is very low when compared to the norms of 0.75 to 1.0 m per capita.
245. Discussion with the Municipality officials indicated that, six streetlights are electrified for
the whole slum with provision of streetlights at 30m interval.
4. Strom Water Drains
246. Discussion with the municipality personals indicated that, about 15 percent of the existing
road length in the slums is covered with storm water drains. Stagnation of water during rains
is very common in the low lying areas especially in the slums. Disposal of waste in the drain
is also a major reason for flooding.
78
Map 6.1: Slum pockets in Tiruppur
79
247. It can be noted from the Map 6.1 that, most of the slums are located along the natural drains
and are potential blockages to existing natural cross drain network. Encroachments along
the major channels and along the tank bunds is also a major issue of concern.
5. Housing
248. 78 percent of the houses in the slums are pucca in nature and rest of the houses are in
Kutcha housing typology.
B. Poverty Alleviation and Community Development
1. Policies, Targets and Programs
249. Slum improvement programs indicate that by improving basic infrastructure and access to
municipal services, there is a significant impact on the quality of life of slum residents, both
poor and non-poor. To alleviate the problems of slum dwellers and to reduce urban poverty,
a set of programs are initiated and are being implemented by the municipality with
assistance from state and central government. Two major slum improvement programs are
being implemented in Tiruppur viz., Swarna Jayanti Shehri Rojgar Yojna (SJSRY) and
National Slum Development Program (NSDP) apart from the other programs like the
Integrated Sanitation Program (ISP).
250. The SJSRY is planned to provide employment to the urban poor by helping to provide self-
employment or provisions for wage employment. It is funded on a 75 percent and 25
percent basis between Central and State Governments. The Target groups will be a
minimum of 30 percent women beneficiaries. The proportion of the SC and ST will be the
same proportion as in total population of the town. 3 percent is reserved for handicaps.
251. A task force has been formed for the implementation of the Swarna Jayanti Shehri Rojgar
Yojna in Tiruppur town. As part of this program, the following schemes are implemented
for urban poverty alleviation over the past five years.
252. SJSRY program consists of: -
i. Urban wage employment scheme

ii. Urban self employment Programs
iii. Urban Skill Training
iv. Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA)
v. Thrift & Credit Societies (TCS)
253. National Slum Development Program (NSDP): Under this program, the funding of the
works is shared between the (Centre + State-50 percent, Municipality 50 percent). The
works are finalized by the decision of the Council. The Regional Directorate of Municipal
Administration (RDMA) through the Regional Engineer inspects them. This program is
primarily aimed at improving or upgrading the existing slum environment. This is a central
government sponsored slum development program and has three main components:
80
i Construction (Infrastructure);
ii Welfare (Immunization, education, etc.); and
iii Shelter Up-gradation (Toilets and individual water connections).
254. The slums given importance are of 2 types, permanent and non-permanent. In any case, they
are designated as slums by the slum clearance board. For permanent slums, they are to be
identified by the quality of roads and drainage. Special priority has to be given to the
following works
i. Improvement of drinking water supply system

ii. Laying/Relaying of roads
iii. Provision of Street Lights
iv. Drainage facilities
v. Improvement and new Public Conveniences with water supply
255. Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP): - This is one of the main components of
SJSRY. This program is decided by the selection of beneficiaries who are finalized by the
Task force based on the recommendations of the Community Structures and the UPE Cell.
In these programs, the Council is not involved because of the non-involvement of the Urban
Local Body funds. The sharing pattern between Central and State governments is in the ratio
of 75:25. This is only for the subsidy money, which will be 15 percent of the project cost.
The beneficiary will spend 5 percent as margin money. The banks then contribute the rest of
the project cost and thus have a strong say in the selection of beneficiaries.
256. To avoid clash with PMRY scheme of District Industries Center, the minimum eligibility
for this scheme is confined to Below Poverty Line beneficiaries who have got education up
to 9th standard with emphasis given on the basis of non-economic criteria. The maximum
unit cost will be Rs 50,000 and the maximum allowable subsidy will be 15 percent of the
cost of the project, subject to a limit of Rs 7,500.
257. In most of the selected cases, the banks take an upper hand in the decisions, based on the
viability of the project and the experience of the claimant. There seems to be no strict
reservations as per the Program Target Groups. The bankers finalize most of the decisions
after a visit to the site, based on the list forwarded by the rest of the Task Force. The Task
Force of the Urban Poverty Eradication Cell consists of
i. Project Officer of the UPE- the Commissioner

ii. The Chairman of the Council
iii. Town Planning Officer-the Nodal Officer
iv. Community Organizer
v. District Employment Officer
vi. Bank Representatives (usually remain absent during meeting proceedings. Final
decision only after thorough investigation)
258. Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA):- This program is
basically aimed at supporting women and children through self-employment schemes on
individual and group basis for activities like cottage industries, upgrading petty businesses
etc. The funds for this project are shared between center and state governments in the ratio
81
75:25. This accounts for 45 percent of the total funds and the rest 5 percent comes from the
beneficiary. There is no funding from municipality. The rest 50 percent is contributed by the
bank and hence justifies their upper hand in taking the decisions. The beneficiaries are again
selected by the task force of the urban poverty eradication (UPE) cell which comprises of
commissioner-project officer, the municipal chairman, Town Planning Officer (TPO) -
nodal officer, community organizer (CO), and bank representatives. The UPE cell receives
inputs from the CDS, which in turn depends on the structures below.
259. Special emphasis is to be given to areas for water supply and sanitation facilities including
drainage facilities. The SJSRY community structures of Community Development
Societies, Neighbourhood Committees, Neighbourhood Groups, etc need to forward the
final requirements to the Council for decision. The funds allocated have to be decided as per
slum population.
260. Indicators: - The following are a set of indicators, for which the current situation and the
desired values are presented. The desired values can be used as benchmarks by the
municipality to check its performance annually/ periodically and set targets for itself to be
achieved in the next financial year. This will also aid in preparation of the Annual CCP
Progress Reports by the municipality. The details of performance indicators are furnished in
Table 6.2.
261. Integrated Sanitation Program (ISP): The Integrated Sanitary Program is a World Bank
funded program under implementation through the Project Management Unit of Tamil Nadu
Urban Development Project (TNUDP) and in coordination with the RDMA.
262. The program is based on demand driven community participation. Under this program, the
recipient community is made aware of various environmental and sanitation aspects. For
successful implementation, the programme is coordinated at the local level through the
community organizers (COs) of the SJSRY scheme. The program is generally funded by
way of grants. Generally, of the identified amount 80 percent is provided by TNUDP-II as
grant
263. Generally, of the identified amount 80 percent is provided by TNUDP-II as grant. However,
in case of special and selection grade municipalities, 50 percent of the amount is provided as
grant by TNUDP-II, the remaining 50 percent is generated by the Urban Local Body
through 32 percent fund allocation from Sanitation component of VAMBAY scheme and
the remaining 18 percent from its own funds. In case of Grade I, II municipalities, and the
entire 100 percent of the identified amount for the construction of these complexes is given
as grant.
264. The whole program is planned towards community empowerment and sanitation at the
Sanitation Complex itself. It is at this place where the community meets as a social group.
The major components of the programme include:
265. Identification of the recipient Community of BPL Population (mostly in slums). This
process is usually decided by the municipal council and does not involve the Community
Development Structures (CDS) of the Town.
266. Provision of an Integrated Complex with Toilet, Bathing, Washing and Meeting Room
82
facilities with special provision of sanitation facilities for children. 16 toilets (10 major +6
minor) are provided for the community.
267. Separate facilities for bathing of 10 units are also provided. A separate platform is also
provided for washing clothes as well. Each unit of ISP is constructed at a cost of about Rs.
10 lakhs.
268. Awareness programs consisting of information, education and communication activities are
also conducted within the same complex to create a strong awareness on the related issues
of health, sanitation and environment. These are conducted as discussions with the leaders
of community organizations, specialists from the associated fields of health, education in the
form of camps etc. These activities are for information dissemination and education. The
communication aspect consists of both formal as well as informal type, where formal events
are organized by the communities themselves to propagate their experiences.
269. Issues: - Very often the sanitation facilities in the slums are poor with lack of proper
drainage and silt & garbage found choking in the drains wherever present. Such conditions
can easily make many of these locations highly prone to water borne diseases like malaria,
hepatitis B, typhoid, gastro enteritis etc. Some of the issues noted in the location of these
complexes are the availability of open land near to these complexes. This open land option
still paves way for the under use of these ISP complexes. Since the programme is still in the
inception stage in the municipality location of such complexes should be carefully judged.
Table 6.2: Performance Indicators for Slums

Indicator Current Situation Benchmark
Slum population as percent to Total Town Population 37 % < 10.0 %
Household size in Slums 4 persons 4 persons
Distribution Network Reach 18 percent 100.0 percent
(against Road length in slums) in Slums
Slum Population per Public Stand Post 1275 Persons 100 Persons
Slum Population per Seat of Public Convenience/ ISP 125 Persons 60 Persons
Complex
Source: Analysis
270. Issues.
i. Less than 5 percent of the households have piped water supply

ii. Open defecation is common along the tank bunds and nallah’s
iii. Improper maintenance of the existing toilet blocks
iv. Cross linking drains encroached in most of the slums
v. Encroachments along the Major channels
vi. Disposal of waste into the drain
vii. Non lit / Low Lit areas mainly in the slums in North and East Zones
viii. High Incidence of Non Working Street Lights
83
VII. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND SERVICE PROVISION
A. Rationale, Need and Demand
271. Infrastructure Assessment of the ULB indicates inadequate Service levels, for present
scenario, which will further enhance given the future growth,
i. Per Capita supply works out to be a low 60 lpcd, for summer season based on
Population figures for 2004, which is not ensured on continual basis. Due to this,
supply position within the municipality is unpredictable and ranges from alternate days
to once in six days, depending on the Season; Water Connection Coverage as a
proportion of Property Tax Assessments is a low 62 percent.
ii. DPR for the Project for UGD coverage of unsewered is complete and the work is in
progress in the designated area, although there is a constraint in the area coverage
which has to be addressed on Priority basis.
iii. ULB lacks scientific municipal solid waste treatment and disposal system catering to
the waste collected; inefficient fleet management is also a major cause of concern.
iv. Surfaced roads within the ULB is approximately 88.2 percent; missing links, network
deficiency and lack of traffic management systems causes congestion within the ULB
area and reduces the Carrying Capacity of the roads; Low per capita road (0.7 m/capita)
is also a major point of concern.
v. Drainage network of the town covers 177 percent of the Road Length; non maintenance
of the existing drains and silting in the water bodies have resulted as the major causes
of flooding and water logging. The abysmal levels of Service therefore provide a strong
basis and need for the Project.
(i) Approach and Design Criteria. The ULB should increase the level of coverage of all
facilities, to meet the service norms based on State Norms, CPHEEO Norms, UDPFI
Norms or other applicable criteria. Based on this, considering the current deficits and
the future requirements for the ULB, strategies and action plan are suggested.
(ii) Component Selection Criteria. The total investment in the ULB depends on several
parameters like, the level of current basic needs, the town’s affordability, and the
assessed implementation capacity of the town or its agencies. Overall, project
component selection is major influenced by affordability and implementation
capacity. In the interest of integrated town development, another criterion considered
in project component selection has been to ensure inter-sector linkages and
optimization. For instance, water supply, sanitation and sewerage have been seen as a
composite sector and not in isolation from each other.
84
(iii) Least Cost Solutions and Component Selection. In formulating project components,
the preferred option was developed based on least cost options, taking into account
meeting service delivery targets, and whole-life costs, including considerations on
achievable operation and maintenance arrangements, given available resources in
terms of skills and facilities. Based on the considerations and screening referred to in
the preceding section, priority components were selected and scrutinized and their
financial, social and environmental impacts assessed to verify acceptability.
1. Water Supply
272. Considering the current deficits and the future requirements for water supply, the strategies
and action plan are suggested. For the provision of water supply the ULB should facilitate
creation of capital assets so as to meet the future requirements.
273. Design Supply. The rate of water supply of 90 lpcd at consumer end is assumed for working
out the water demand of Tiruppur.
274. System Losses. The following system losses are considered for determining the capacity of
the system. The losses in water supply system is presented in Table: 7.1.
Table 7.1: Losses in Water Supply System

Losses Value
%
Loss of water in the distribution system 15
Loss of water in the clear water transmission 2
Loss of water in the water treatment process 4
Loss of water in the raw water transmission 2
Source: Norms
275. Service Storage. Service reservoir provides a buffer between inflow from the source at fixed
pumping rate and outflow to the distribution network of varying rate, depending on the
drawl by the consumers during the supply hours. Assuming that the supply to the consumers
will be in two shifts (four hours in the morning and four hours in the evening) per day, the
service storage required will be equal to one third of the daily demand.
276. Water Demand. The Municipality should increase the in supply levels in terms of both
coverage, to achieve an average gross supply of 90 lpcd and to cater to 100 percent of the
population. Assuming that leak detection and mitigation are carried out as part of the plan,
the unaccounted for water is expected to reduce to a maximum of 20 percent of the total
supply. The average net supply available to the city population is expected to be 90 lpcd.
277. The water demand and distribution requirement for the projected population is presented in
the Table 7.2.
85
Table 7.2: Projected Water Demand and Distribution System Requirement

Description Year 2005 Year 2011 Year 2026
Population Demand Population Demand Population Demand
MLD MLD MLD
Water Demand
Consumer end 402,973 36.27 468,581 42.17 812,618 73.14
(90 lpcd )
At service - 41.71 - 48.50 - 84.11
reservoirs
(15 % loss)
At WTP outlet - 42.54 - 49.47 - 85.79
(2 % loss)
At WTP inlet (4 - 44.24 - 51.45 - 89.22
% loss)
At source works - 45.13 - 52.48 - 91.00
(2 % loss)
Capacity Requirement
Service storage - 12.09 - 14.06 - 24.38
(1/3rd of daily
demand) - ML
Source: Analysis
278. Comparison: The projected demand for 2026 is compared with the optimum supply
available from the existing system, to verify the adequacy of the existing system and need to
augment the capacity of certain components. The total demand at the source for a supply of
90 lpcd is about 69.7 MLD indicating a deficit of 50 percent for the projected population for
2011.
279. Considering the increase in population, the total demand at source in 2011 and 2026 is
estimated as 52.5 MLD and 69.7 MLD respectively. This is considered after assuming that
the system losses would be reduced to 20 percent from the current 30 percent.
Table 7.3: Demand, Supply and Required Augmentation of Water Supply for 2026
Component Demand (MLD)
Year 2005 Year 2011 Year 2026
Demand Surplus Demand Surplus Demand Surplus
(Deficit) (Deficit) (Deficit)
Raw Water 45.13 (6.13) 52.48 (13.48) 69.72 (17.22)
Pumping
Raw Water 44.24 (5.24) 51.45 (12.45) 68.35 (15.85)
Transmission
Water Treatment 42.54 11.46 49.47 4.53 65.72 (11.72)
Plant
Clear Water 41.71 (2.71) 48.50 (9.50) 64.43 (11.93)
Pumping
Clear Water 36.27 2.73 42.17 (3.17) 56.03 (3.53)
Transmission
Service Storage 12.09 (0.58) 14.06 (2.55) 18.68 (7.17)
Source: Analysis
86
280. Sector Approach. Considering the above requirements, capital investments in water supply
have to be planned to address issues focusing upon:
i. Increase in the storage and distribution of existing facilities to meet the growing
demand;
ii. Rehabilitation of existing facilities to avoid the higher costs of deferred maintenance;
iii. Development of new infrastructure and provide services to the Tiruppur Urban
Agglomeration so as to promote the dispersal polices Augmentation of source to meet
the per capita demand of water
281. Operation & Maintenance Plan. Adoption of an O & M Plan and Schedule, including
options of using the private sector for O & M (e.g. management contract).
282. Asset Management Plan: To address the condition assessment and the performance of the
water supply assets, it is recommended that an asset management plan be prepared for the
assets of water supply in Tiruppur town
283. Unaccounted for Water: Tiruppur Municipality shall extend the current leak detection
studies to ascertain the volume of unaccounted for water. This to an extent, if corrected
properly, would help municipality realize more water which can be ploughed back into the
system.
284. Water Management Plan. Adoption of comprehensive strategy for Water Management,
through leak detection, checking of unaccounted-for-water and strategy for use of recycled
water for non-potable use, based on a pilot study for the ULB.
285. Mapping & GIS: To address the issue of system rehabilitation, mapping and establishing a
GIS system is pertinent to detail out system location, characteristics, age and condition. This
would enable identifying dilapidated sections of the network and those that require
replacement
286. Tariff Revision. Future capital investments on system up-gradation being imminent, the
tariff structure shall be revised from time to time to enable cost recovery and to service the
additional debt from the capital investments.
287. Performance Monitoring. It is important to monitor certain key indicators to assess the
performance of the system and also to ensure sustainability of the operations.
288. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building. Recruitment of trained engineering

personnel for management of waterworks is an important issue confronting the ULB and as
well of more importance is to keep them technically updated. It is necessary that periodic
training be imparted to the operations staff of the ULB. Such training facilities are available
along with training manuals at the TWAD Board. The proximity of various technical
institutes like Coimbatore Institute of Technology (CIT), Government College of
Technology (GCT) etc, within the vicinity should hence reduce the burden on the
municipality which can be consulted for training sessions
87
289. As mentioned in Chapter 5, the Under Ground Drainage work is close to completion and
will start serving by mid of 2006. The proposed UGD system covers only 60 percent of the
total area and it is proposed for 100 percent by 2012. As on date sewage is discharged into
River Noyyal and water bodies resulting in pollution of the water bodies. The poor and slum
dwellers lack safe sanitation facilities and hence are prone to health related diseases. An
enormous shortfall is noticed in the treatment as well as the coverage of the network. To
enhance the coverage of safe sanitation facilities, the following strategies are recommended.
290. The ULB should increase the Service levels in terms of coverage, to achieve gross
population coverage of 100 percent through protected Sewerage and Sanitation System.
Assuming that the Collection system is extended to more than 90 percent of the Road
length, it is estimated that approximately 90 percent of the population will be covered under
safe sewer system.
291. The total Sewage Generation in 2026 for a water supply of 90 lpcd is approximately 70
MLD indicating a Treatment Capacity Constraint of about 32 MLD for year 2026
population. Since, the Water Supply availability at source is augmented by NTADCL, the
sewage generation has been considered at 90 lpcd against the requirements and the demand
for future is assessed. The total Sewage Generation for 2031, is estimated as 72 MLD. The
Present Treatment arrangement is Waste Stabilization Pond, given the availability of land
and low Operation and Maintenance Costs, however given the high amount of sewage
generation further option for Activated Sludge Process can be explored. Environmental
Screening and Social Assessment of the Project Components, in case of Sewage Capacity
Augmentation, can be carried out as separate Sub-Project and a Pilot Study for the ULB.
The details of Service Levels for future is presented in Table 6.4.
292. Coverage of Low Income Areas. Currently, a majority of the low income areas are devoid of
safe sanitation facilities. Though the Slum Improvement Programs have created
infrastructure in the form of public conveniences, the operation and maintenance of these
facilities is not satisfactory and hence could not be sustainable. Hence, it is recommended
that Low Cost Sanitation Projects be taken up under the ISP program for the poor and the
slum dwellers. And the O&M of the ISP units to be given to the local communities to ensure
their sustainability. Since new programs are all envisaged towards community participation
in O&M, such measures will strengthen the institutional setup.
293. Demand of Sewerage System. The capacity of sewerage system required for the town is
worked out in the following Table 7.4.
Table 7.4: Capacity requirement for the sewerage system

Item Units 2005 2021 2036
Population Nos. 402,973 622,533 830,000
Design Flow MLD 66.51 72.74 92.80
Sewage Treatment Plant MLD 66.51 72.74 92.80
Source: Analysis
294. There are various technologies available to treat the wastewater; a comparison of their
88
efficiencies with respect to cost is explained in the Table 7.6.
295. Comparison. The following Table: 7.5 compare the capacity of various components of the
existing system with the projected demand.
Table 7.5: Demand, Supply and Required Augmentation of UGD for 2026
Component Unit Existing Year 2005 Year 2011 Year 2026
Status
Demand Surplus/ Demand Surplus/ Demand Surplus/
(Deficit) (Deficit) (Deficit)
Sewer Km 124 252 (127.57) 304.00 (179.91) 447.00 -sewer
Network network
Pumping MLD 30.00 36.51 (6.51) 42.74 (12.74) 62.80 (32.80)
Station
Sewage MLD 30.00 36.51 (6.51) 42.74 (12.74) 62.80 (32.80)
Treatment
plant
Source: Analysis
296. Adequacy. The proposed sewer network in the DPR (Detailed Project Report for new
sewerage system in the unsewered areas ) is only designed to cover 32 wards and the
remaining 16 wards are to be covered with Under Ground Drainage network. It is proposed
to add another 180 kms of sewer length by 2011 to add up with unsewered areas. Continual
additions of sewer network after 2011 based on need will substantiate full coverage in the
town.
297. Considering the above requirements, capital investments in Underground Drainage System
have to be planned to address issues focusing upon;
i. Augmentation additional sewer network for 2026

ii. Studying options of waste water recycling and reuse and identifying market for the
same
iii. Enhancement of Revenue through maximization of Service Connections.
298. Operation & Maintenance Plan: The O & M Plan shall include both system maintenance,
on a regular basis, and an emergency maintenance plan. System Maintenance shall include
routine maintenance, corrective maintenance & preventive maintenance. In addition to
preventive maintenance with the existing staff, unbundling of O & M operations shall be
adopted to ensure private sector participation.
299. Municipality can privatize O & M of pumping stations and STPs through a service or
management contract with the private sector who would be solely responsible for the O &
M of the system, based on an agreed annual fee, with built-in incentives for improved
performance.
300. Mapping & GIS: The O & M shall also include mapping & GIS of the sewer system, for
proper upkeep and maintenance and regular updation. This would enable constant vigilance
with regards to system malfunctions and promote effective maintenance
301. Asset Management Plan. To address the condition assessment and the performance of the
89
sewerage assets, it is recommended that an asset management plan, in future, be prepared

for the assets of UGD assets in Tiruppur town.
302. Tariff Revision. The tariff structure shall be revised from time to time to enable cost
recovery and to service the additional debt from the capital investments.

personnel for management of sewer works is an important issue confronting the ULB, the
present system shall be transferred to the ULB for maintenance of assets, and as well of
more importance is to keep them technically updated. It is necessary that periodic training
be imparted to the operations staff of the ULB. Such training facilities are available along
with training manuals at the TWAD Board.
90
Table 7.6: Comparison of Various Sewage Treatment Technologies

Parameter Units TF ASP AL+MP OD Single Cell Multiple UASP+MP
WSP Cell WSP
Detention Time 1 Day 4 to 6 hr 3 to 5 hr 1 Day 20 to 30 Days 6 to 10 Days 2 to 4 Days
Land Required Ha/MLD 0.3 0.25 0.5 0.3 2 to 3 1 to 2 0.6 to 1
Method of Atmospheric Mechanical Mechanical Mechanical Biological Biological Not
Oxygen Supply (Algae) (Algae) Required
Power Required Kw/MLD 180 250 300 400 Nil Nil 120
Ease of Operation Simple Difficult Simple Simple Very Simple Very Simple Simple
Skill for O&M High High Moderate Moderate Low Low Moderate
Capital Cost Rs. 30.0 35.0 20.0 20.0 6.0 8.0 20.0
Lakh/MLD
Annual O&M Medium High High Medium Very Low Very Low Low
Cost
Reliability Good Least Good Good Very Good Very Good Good
FC Removal percent 90-96 90-96 95-98 95-98 98-99 98-99 95-99
Note: TF – Trickling Filter, ASP – Activated Sludge Process, AL – Aerated Lagoon, OD – Oxidation Ditch, WSP – Waste Stabilization Pond,
UASP – Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, MP – Maturation Pond
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304. Approach and Design Criteria: The ULB should increase the Service levels in terms of
coverage, to achieve coverage of 150 percent of Road Length, through Built Drains. The
ULB is recommended to adopt strategy for rejuvenation of Lakes and Ponds, to be used as
sources for re-charging and as Summer Storage, and through networking of Water Bodies,
to increase Water Sustainability.
305. The Drainage demand for 2026, based on 150 percent of the proposed Road Length is
approximately 561 kms.
306. The storm water drainage network in Tiruppur primarily consists of primary drains
comprising of nallahs and road side drains to discharge the storm water. About 5 primary
drains with a length of 14.10 Km. criss-cross the city. Majority of these drains discharge
into the river and other water bodies and carry flood waters. However, the drains are
encroached resulting in the reduction of the carriageway and the carrying capacity has
greatly reduced due to siltation and dumping of debris and wastes. The management of
drains came into focus due to inundation of large areas during the floods and accordingly
measures have been contemplated to reduce the risks of flooding and improve the carrying
capacities of the drains.
307. Strategies have been conceived on the fact that the primary drains have to be conserved
and shall be used as effective carriers of storm water. The secondary and tertiary drains,
mostly consisting of the road side drains ought to be provided for all the major arterials
and lined not only to drain storm water but to also preserve the condition of the road
surface. Accordingly, the following strategies have been formulated.
Primary drain rehabilitation and improvement program: The primary drains are
inadequate to handle the flash floods as they are not systematically designed and are not
fully constructed in some sections. A significant reduction in depth and width are noticed
due to siltation and encroachment of drain bunds. To alleviate these, a rehabilitation and
improvement program is recommended. The program shall aim at the following:
(i) Improvement measures such as widening and deepening and construction

of side walls
(ii) Construction of side walls to confirm to uniform cross-section in built up
areas
(iii) Diversion of drains at critical sections
(iv) Construction of cross- drainage works.
308. Drainage Rehabilitation Program: The flood prone areas identified in the Chapter 5,
within the municipality area are to be relieved of the problem in future by undertaking a
drainage rehabilitation program. As a part of this program, the leading/connections
between secondary and tertiary drains to primary drains have to be improved and
strengthened. In addition, control of weed growth, limiting the dumping of solid and
construction waste and controlling the encroachments and built up on nalah bunds have to
be encouraged to effect a smooth and effective functioning of the drainage system.
92
309. In accordance with the above, Municipality shall de-silt the primary drains and tertiary
drains on a regular basis before the onset of the monsoon. The construction of new drains
and connecting links shall be taken up as a priority. The strengthening of the existing
drains with lining and side walls are immediate measures to be executed by
310. Improvement Works and Construction of Tertiary Drains: Construction of tertiary drains
must be taken up on a priority basis as the city comprises of 392 Km of tertiary drains
covering 150 percent of the exiting road length. It is proposed to construct tertiary drains
to all the major arterials and important roads to increase the coverage and to convert the
Kutcha drains to Pucca drains to facilitate proper draining of storm water into natural
drains. It is expected that flooding areas shall be adequately drained through these roadside
drains. It is estimated that by 2026, the Municipality would lay additional 170 Kms of
tertiary drains in the city. The future requirements of storm water drains are illustrated in
Table: 7.7
Table 7.7: Requirement until 2026 in Storm Water Drains

Description Unit Gaps Up To 2026
Up gradation of Kutcha to Pucca
Kutcha to Pucca Open km.
Kutcha to Pucca Closed km. -
Pucca Open to Pucca Closed km. 55.56
New Pucca Closed Drains km. 169.6
Lakes conservation /Tanks regeneration and Nalla
strengthening
Desilting & Strengthening of Primary Drains km. 14.1
Source: Analysis
311. Hydraulic capacity of the nallahs and water bodies must be improved through widening
and deepening and construction of side walls thereby limiting the risk of floods. Desilting
shall be carried out to increase the water holding capacity and to remove the toxic and
hazardous materials stored in the tank beds.
312. Monitoring and Quality Control: Monitoring of water quality parameters shall be
conducted on a regular basis. Municipality shall take up the responsibility of monitoring
the parameters in the water bodies within its jurisdiction and shall take preventive
measures, if the results are above the permissible limits. The horticulture and urban
forestry division of Municipality shall devise pro-active strategies to limit pollution to
water bodies within its limits and shall co-ordinate with other agencies for monitoring the
parameters in the other water bodies.
313. Efforts shall be directed at enforcing appropriate water pollution- related laws, ordinances,
regulations, and corresponding enforcement responsibilities and procedures at the local
level. This shall be in accordance with the framework laid down by the 74th CAA.
314. Operation & Maintenance Schedule. Adoption of an O & M Schedule for works varying
from Drain Cleaning to Desilting, including options of using the private sector for O & M
(e.g. management contract).
93
315. Approach and Design Criteria: Chapter 5 has detailed out the existing solid waste
management system in Tiruppur outlining the issues to be addressed. Accordingly, the
following objectives are being formulated for a sustainable solid waste management
system.
(i) Devise a system of storage of food/bio-degradable waste, non-biodegradable waste

and hazardous waste separately at source.
(ii) Strengthen the current primary collection system with community involvement and
with minimum multiple handling
(iii) Promote decentralized processing of waste as a source of income for the
community so as to reduce the pressure on transport, centralized processing /land
fill
(iv) Develop environmentally safe final disposal facility through landfill
(v) Strengthen the institutional capacity
(vi) Promote public/Private partnership and NGO support
(vii) Educate the public and create awareness on various issues of solid waste
management
(viii) Support the informal recycling activities
(ix) Explore cost recovery options wherever feasible
316. In order to achieve above objectives, issues and deficiencies in each of the solid waste
management component have been identified and the strategies for improvement both in
physical and financial terms are elaborated in the following sections. The ULB should
increase the Service levels to meet the Norms recommended by Solid Waste Handling
Rules, 2000 and The State Finance Commission Norms. The ULB should achieve 100
percent coverage, through Door-to-Door Collection and Segregation of Waste at Source.
317. The total Solid Waste Generation in 2026 for a Per Capita Generation of approximately
700 grams/day is estimated at 381.73 MT, indicating a priority need for Scientific
Disposal of Waste. Since, the Population Density of the ULB has been increasing, the
Waste generation has been considered at 700 grams/day, with a growth of 2 percent per
year, against the generation and the demand for future is assessed. The total Solid Waste
Generation for 2031 is estimated at around 418 MT/day. The Table 7.8 shows the
projected solid waste.
Table 7.8: Projected Waste Generation

Year Population Waste Generation
Nos. Gms/Day Tons/Day
2005 368,126 703.81 259.09
2011 406,561 710.87 289.01
2016 441,638 718.01 317.10
2021 479,742 725.22 347.92
2026 521,133 732.50 381.73
Source: Analysis
94
318. Deficiencies: Storage of waste at source is one of the important recommendations of

MoEF. It is however, observed that storage and segregation at source is generally absent in
Tiruppur, and people in general are not aware of the benefits of developing such a
practice. However, only some households (say around 10 to 15 percent) store the un-
segregated waste in open containers and dispose off the same at the community collection
points. Recovery of waste that is saleable such as newspaper, glass bottles, and recyclable
plastic is observed in the domestic sector. Similar to the domestic households, major
hotels, restaurants, and kalyana mandapams store waste in open containers.
319. Waste generated from the major markets in the city lack adequate storage facilities. In case
of hospitals and nursing homes (those are not the members of the bio-medical waste
disposal facility), infectious waste is seen getting mixed up with general Municipal waste
and other waste such as construction waste or other debris is thrown indiscriminately roads
resulting in traffic hazards, drainage blockages etc. Highest priority has to be accorded for
Segregation & Storage at source irrespective of the area of generation so as to facilitate an
organized and environmentally acceptable waste collection, processing and disposal.
Source segregation of Recyclables and biodegradable (organic waste) will not only
provide an efficient way for resource recovery, but will also substantially reduce the
pressure and pollution in Landfill sites.
320. In order to achieve the above objective, a ‘Bin system of Solid Waste Storage’ at source is
being recommended. As per this system, each of the households shall be directed to keep
separate Bins/containers for Biodegradable and non-bio degradable waste generated within
their premises. The bins can be of 10-15 liters capacity made of plastic / reinforced plastic
/ LDPE or metal bins of individual choice, but should be provided with lid. The segregated
waste so stored in these bins will have to be placed in separate dustbins / community
collection point or to the municipal vehicle that comes to each household at specified time.
The specifications are presented in Table 7.9.
Table 7.9: Specifications for Bin System of Waste Storage at Source

Source Storage of Segregated waste
Bio-Degradable Non-Bio-degradable
House Holds 10-15 litres capacity A bin or Bag of suitable size
plastic/reinforced plastic/
LDPE/metal bin with lid
Hotels, 60 litres capacity-LDPE/HDPE A bin or Bag of suitable size
Restaurants
Shops, offices, Suitable container not A bin or Bag of suitable size
institutions exceeding 60 liters
Market Stalls 40-60 liters bin-LDPE / HDPE A bin or Bag of suitable size
Kalyana Bin / Skip matching to A bin or Bag of suitable size
mandapams Municipal Collection system
Hospitals, 60 liters capacity bin for non- Store waste as per Bio-medical
nursing homes infectious bio-degradable waste Waste Mgmt Handling Rules 1998
Construction/ Store with in premises and deposit
Demolition waste in the notified Site by the local
body or to the municipal Vehicle
Garden Waste Store with in premises Deposit in large community bin or
to the municipal vehicle
Source: Norms
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321. Construction waste has to be stored at the premises of the construction either in skips or
suitable containers and has to be directly emptied to the notified disposal site by the
generator. Meat and fish markets should store waste in non-corrosive bin /bins of max. 100
litre capacities each and transfer contents to large container to be kept at the market just
before lifting of such large containers. Slaughter houses should keep separate containers
for animal waste and other wastes.
322. It is also being recommended that this system of source segregation and storage is
encouraged through community education and awareness campaigns as elaborated in the
section on environmental education. Hence no capital investments are envisaged for
Tiruppur Municipality in this regard.
Primary Collection
323. Deficiencies: Households generally deposit the waste at community facilities except in
areas where community manages the primary collection of waste. The community storage
facilities comprise all types of collection bins such as concrete, steel and masonry bins,
including the garbage chowks. In some major roads of the city, the dumper bins also
function as the primary collection bins.
324. Strategies for Improvement: The following measures have been recommended for
improving the primary collection practices of Tiruppur
i. Phased implementation of ‘Door to Door collection System’ through community

organisations and municipality by mobilising, facilitating, organising and supporting
community activities with the help of local NGOs.
ii. Installation of ‘Community Storage Bins’ in areas where house-house collection
could not be implemented.
iii. Introduction of multi-bin carts containing six bins of capacity sixty litres made of
fibre/plastic bins.
iv. Expanding the ‘Voluntary Garbage Disposal Scheme’ for more number of
restaurants/hotels and commercial establishments and collecting user charges
v. Placement of dumper containers of sufficient number in markets and ensuring that all
the vendors place the waste in the containers.
vi. Persuading the hospitals to be part of the existing bio-medical waste management
facility in the suburbs of the city.
325. It is recommended to collect Non-bio degradable waste separately from premises where
door to door /kerb side collections are organised. Present system of primary collection
should be phased out by introducing Multi-bin carts (Push carts / Tricycles), semi
mechanized systems like refuse collectors.
326. The non-biodegradable waste stored in separate bin should be collected by separate
collection vehicles. The details of proposed primary collection system are summarized in
Table 7.10.
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Table 7.10: Proposed Primary Collection System

Mode of Area of collection Primary Collection Secondary storage
collection Vehicle
Door to Door Residential colonies Multi-bin cart/Tricycle- 1. Bio-degradable in
of High & middle with 6 of 40 lit capacity Skips/wheel
income group bins-4 for Biodegradable containers
waste, 2 for recyclables 2. Non-biodegradable-
Sell or hand over to
waste collector
Hotels/restaurants Closed vehicle to collect Direct transport to
biodegradable Disposal site
Combination Mixed Residential, Tri-cycle- with Six bins Bins emptied to skips
of Kerb-side Commercial Areas of 40 litre kept for the waste.
& bell system
Large Fruit & Vegetable Carrying bins to transfer Skip / Dumper Placer
Community Market / transfer point
bin system stations
Small Slums/urban poor Carrying bins to Transfer Transfer contents of
community colonies point biodegradable to
bin system community bins
Source: Norms
Collection & Transportation
327. Deficiencies: Around 50 percent of the waste transportation system in Tiruppur is

mechanized. 20 tractors and 6 tipper lorries for collection and transportation from the
transport station, around 80 percent of the waste is transported to the disposal site only
thru the private hired lorries.
328. Based on the analysis, it is inferred that the municipality has a vehicle capacity adequacy
ratio of 90 percent but the collection efficiency works out to be only 85 percent which
indicates the under utilization of the hired vehicles. However, in the absence of specific
information on vehicles deployed for collection and transportation, the exact deficiency in
terms of secondary collection and transportation could not be worked out.
329. Strategies for Improvement: Key information on vehicle movement and deployment is not
clearly monitored by the Municipality. In view of the criticality of this information in
assessing the collection and disposal efficiency of the local body, it is recommended that a
standard register at the disposal site and transfer station be maintained. The register should
contain information on each of the vehicle trips at both the locations and the origin of
waste collection. A summary of this information shall be prepared at the end of the day, to
be verified by the health officer.
330. The Present Disposal system is Waste Dumping, which is creating Potential health and
environment hazard considering the quantity of waste generation, hence further option for
Scientific Waste Disposal and Composting can be explored on priority basis. The details
of Service Levels for future are presented in Table 7.11.
97
Table 7.11: Design Criteria and Target Service Level

Description Unit Based on CPHEEO Norms
2031
Population In lakhs 16.27
Per capita Waste Generation Grams/day 875
Collection Type - Door-to-Door Collection and
Segregation of Waste at Source
Collection Demand % of Generation 100
Vehicle Capacity Adequacy % of Rated Capacity 100
Treatment Type - Composting of Waste &
Sanitary Landfill
Treatment Demand % of Generation 100
Source: Analysis
331. Implementation Strategy. The Solid Waste Action Plan, 2004, prepared by the ULB need
to be updated and implemented on immediate basis. Highest priority has to be accorded
for segregation & storage at source irrespective of the area of generation so as to facilitate
an organized and environmentally acceptable waste collection, processing and disposal.
Source segregation of Recyclables and biodegradable (organic waste) will not only
provide an efficient way for resource recovery, but will also substantially reduce the
pressure and pollution in Landfill sites.
332. Approach for Waste Collection and Transportation. The following measures have been
recommended for improving the primary collection practices of the ULB;
i. Implementation of ‘Door-to-door collection’ through 100 percent privatization;

ii. Street Sweeping and Moping on Daily Basis;
iii. source Segregation and Collection of Commercial Waste, through privatization;
iv. Source Segregation and Collection of Hotels and Market Waste
v. Introduction of Bin System at Household and Establishment Level for Storage and
Segregation of Waste at Source.
vi. Enforcement of By-laws and Waste Collection and Handling Rules.
333. It is envisaged that 100 percent area of the ULB be brought under door-to-door collection
and hence, no additional dust bins are proposed, except for slums and other areas. These
are estimated to be about 20 to 25 percent in 2011. The rest of the 75 to 80 percent shall be
privatized. In this scenario, the ULB shall be responsible for the collection. The existing
dust bins shall be phased out in an organized manner according to the implementation of
the system. This is proposed to be achieved by the year 2006-07 Based on these
assumptions, the equipments for primary collection is estimated, to meet the future Waste
Generation.
Processing & Disposal
334. Approach for Disposal of Waste. The characteristics and quantity of solid waste generated
in the town primarily influence the disposal options. A review of the availability of solid
waste sample indicates that nearly 60 percent of the waste generated in Tiruppur is organic
nature. However, large quantities of textile waste like cotton, waste cloth, polyethylene
papers, and butter papers are also profoundly noticed mainly near the industrial units. In
98
terms of the quantity around 240 tons of waste is generated every day and is expected to
go up 381 Tons by the year 2026. Considering these aspects, it is recommended to develop
a landfill site and composting site for safe disposal of solid waste of Tiruppur. The
disposal strategies for Tiruppur will be to:
(i) Compost the organic fraction of the waste

(ii) Sanitary land filling of inorganic fraction of waste and the compost rejects
(iii) Encouraging local level aerobic Vermi composting and
(iv) Educating the community on 4R strategy (Reduce, Reuse. Recycle and Recover)
335. Land fill Requirements: - Area requirements for the land fill sites are worked out based on
the generation trends and sustainable waste management practices. With a per capita
generation rate of 700-gm/ capita, the city generates around 240 tons of waste. Following
similar trends, the base year (2005) waste generations trends when projected to the design
year 2026, Tiruppur shall be requiring a total of 8.46 acres of land fill area and 8.42 acres
for composting.
336. The measures recommended as part of 4R strategies comprise reduction of waste

generated by way of reducing use of plastics, composting the organic component,
community participation in solid waste management, etc. The implementation of the above
strategies will involve setting up a plant to handle around 180 tons of compost and
recycling and 210 tons for landfill site.
337. The above analysis is based on CPHEEO design assumptions for sanitary landfills,
wherein a landfill height of 5 m and a bulk density of 0.85 Tons/ m3 are assumed.
However, the actual height of landfill depends on the geological/ geographical conditions
of the site and technology of landfill development.
338. Comparison of Technologies for Composting. Aerobic Composting, Vermi Composting

and Anaerobic Digestion are the three options of biological degradation of organic
components in solid waste. Of the three, the simplest to develop and operate is Aerobic
Composting. Manual Windrow Composting will be the most ideal and economical option.
This kind of composting would require no major mechanization and the compost plant
would be manually operated. This would, in turn, minimize the cost of waste disposal.
339. Requirements: 580 nos. of containerized tri cycles and 308 nos. of pushcarts are required
to strengthen the primary collection and to achieve 100 percent door-to-door collection.
For effective Secondary collection, additional 14 Dual Loaded Dumper Placers with 76
numbers of containers will be required for collection of approximately 875 tons of waste
that will be generated in Tiruppur by the year 2026. The Future requirements of solid
waste management is illustrated in Table: 7.12.
Table 7.12: Requirement until 2026 in Solid Waste Management

Primary collection
Containerized Tri Cycles Nos. 308
Push Carts (Street Sweeping) Nos. 580
Secondary collection
Containerized Bins (2.5 T) Nos. 76
Transportation Vehicles
99

Dual Loader Dumper Placer Nos. 17
Disposal Site
Land fill development Acres 8.46
Compost Facility Development Acres 8.82
Source: Analysis
340. Operation and Management Schedule. Adoption of an O & M Schedule, including options
of using the private sector for O & M (e.g. Management Contract). In view of the
criticality of the information on vehicle movement in assessing the collection and disposal
efficiency of the local body, it is recommended that a standard register at the disposal site
and transfer station be maintained. The register should contain information on each of the
vehicle trips at both the locations and the origin of waste collection. The Schedule can be
used for periodic maintenance of vehicles to differ costs. A summary of this information
shall be prepared at the end of the day, to be verified by the head of the Health
Department.
341. Approach for Optimal Manpower Utilization. Since the entire area of ULB is proposed for
privatization, it is considered that there would not be any further requirement to induct
conservancy workers. The existing street sweeping operations in the ULB are satisfactory
and to ensure operational efficiency of the system, the following measures are suggested,
(i) Markets and other areas of the town shall be swept at least twice a day and sweeping
should be done on Sundays and holidays in core areas and denser areas. (ii) Sweepings
shall be collected separately as degradable and non-biodegradable waste and deposit in
containers kept at various locations and de-silting of larger drains may be done by a
separate crew equipped with appropriate implements.

personnel for management of sewer works is an important issue confronting the ULB, and
as well of more importance is to keep them technically updated. It is necessary that
periodic training be imparted to the operations staff of the ULB.
343. Objectives: The strategic objectives of road network improvements are
(i) To improve the connectivity and accessibility within the town,

(ii) To improve the efficiency of road space, and
(iii) To reduce delays at the junctions and remove bottlenecks if any.
344. Design Criteria: Given the low coverage of the current roads, in terms of space available
for circulation, the area under roads shall increase from the current 7 percent to a
minimum of 10 percent though the norm can be in the range of 15-20 percent. The road
widening projects can provide succour to a certain extent in increasing the area under
roads, but is limited to certain commercial corridors only. Roads planning shall also ensure
that road, parking and traffic infrastructure provision matches the city’s existing and future
needs for both private and public transport
100
345. Out of 100 percent of surfaced roads, 85 percent are to be bitumen surface, 5 percent of
cement concrete and the remaining 10 percent would be of Water Bound Macadam. The
deficiencies in the ULB area with respect to the road infrastructure pertain mainly to the
condition of the surface, width and density of the roads (presently, the roads density is
8.45 sq. km only). Formation of new roads based on the future requirement of the town is
also envisaged under this project.
346. Implementation strategy: Strategy shall focus to have 100 percent coverage of surfaced
roads including up-gradation of roads. The percentage of concrete roads in the town is at 5
percent and since these CC roads are provided with minimum widths in core areas, the
overall system gets affected with load and pressure on the remaining roads resulting in
frequent O & M costs and traffic congestion. The deficiencies in the ULB area with
respect to the road infrastructure pertain mainly to the width of roads and density of roads.
Roads Planning:
347. Ten percent of the total area of the town is under roads with a total length of about 230
Km. 88 percent of the roads in the town are surfaced. Accordingly, strategies are
formulated to have 100 percent coverage of surfaced roads including up-gradation of
roads. The percentage of concrete roads in the town is at 8 percent and since these Cement
Concrete roads are provided with minimum widths in core areas, the overall system gets
affected with load and pressure on the remaining roads resulting in frequent O & M costs
and traffic congestion. The deficiencies in Tiruppur with respect to the road infrastructure
pertain mainly to the width of roads and density of roads.
348. Roads planning: The current coverage is satisfactory at 10 percent of town’s area.
However the newly developing areas lack the facility and shall increase to a minimum of
10 percent though the norm can be in the range of 15-20 percent. The per capita road
length is presently 0.67 m and proposals have been worked to attain the norm of 1 m per
capita. The road widening projects can provide succor to a certain extent in increasing the
area under roads, but is limited to certain commercial corridors only. Roads planning shall
also ensure that road; parking and traffic infrastructure provision matches the city’s
present and future needs for both private and public transport.
349. Asset Rehabilitation: Upgrading shall be undertaken to extend, refurbish and enhance the
roads. Plans would be phased so as to optimize cost and surface condition and shall
include upgrading earthen roads to Bituminous Topped roads. This phased up gradation
would considerably reduce the costs on new formations.
350. Requirement: The newly developing areas lack the facility and shall increase to a
minimum of 10 percent though the norm can be in the range of 15-20 percent. The road
widening projects can provide succor to a certain extent in increasing the area under roads,
but is limited to certain commercial corridors only. Roads planning shall also ensure that
road; the details of future requirements of roads are presented in Table 7.13. It is proposed
to upgrade the existing earthen road to black top surface. New formation of road is
proposed for a length of 140 kms, which will suffice the road requirement for the
developing areas in the periphery. It is also proposed to upgrade and strength 79 kms of
internal roads on a continual basis.
101
Table 7.13: Requirement until 2026 in Roads

Sr. No Item Unit Value
A Roads
1 Up gradation
2 Up gradation of Earthen to Black Top Km 36.2
B New Formation (Excludes the Bus Route and
Major Links)
1 Concrete km.
2 Black Top km. 112.4
3 WBM km. 38.0
C Strengthening of Internal Roads km 78.5
Source: Analysis
351. Traffic Management Plan. These shall focus of junction improvements, traffic
management within core areas of the town, regional level proposals, parking and
pedestrian facilities. It has been observed that, in most of the major roads in the town
pedestrians are forced to use the carriageway due to the absence or poorly maintained
footpaths. Footpaths of 1.5m wide are proposed along the major roads where heavy
pedestrian movements are observed.
352. For traffic safety and convenience, appropriate signs, markings, lighting, guideposts are
required to be provided on curves, intersections, public utility places, etc. Proposals for
road furniture are made considering the importance of the road, safety and aesthetic. The
design of the road furniture and quality proposed are of international standards. It is
proposed to provide the following road furniture for the roadway:
i. Kilometer stones on the major roads

ii. 200 m Furlong stones
iii. Road painting using reflectorised thermoplastic road painting
iv. High intensity grade informatory, regulatory and cautionary sign boards
v. Street lights on all major roads within the municipal limits, which have been
considered for improvement
vi. High mast lighting at all major junctions
vii. Stop signs
viii. Place identification signs
353. Widening and Strengthening of road structures: With due consideration to the growing
traffic intensity it has been proposed to upgrade major roads with specific focus on the
State and National Highways
354. Strengthening and Widening of Major Roads. Emphasize on strengthening and widening
of bus route roads and other important arterial roads of the town, formation of link roads to
the highways and other important roads, to address the issues of congestion and
incomplete network. With due consideration to the growing traffic intensity it has been
proposed to upgrade the major links and bus routes. The components of improvement
proposals include;
102
(i) Strengthening of existing two lane carriageway and widening to four lane with 50
mm BM and 25 mm SDBC with 1.5 m gravel shoulder
(ii) Strengthening of existing two lane carriageway with 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
with 1.5 m gravel shoulder
355. Requirement: It is proposed to strengthen and widen the major link roads, bus route roads.
It is also proposed to construct 4 bridges and 3 subways by 2020. A truck terminal in the
bye pass road and multi storyed car parking is also proposed. 12 junctions may also be
taken up for improvements. The details of the proposals with respect to the list of major
roads, internal roads, ring road, and intersections are listed in the following Tables.
356. Traffic congestion is often noted in railway intersections. Thus 3 Rail Over Bridges are
also proposed in the following locations.
• Kongu Main Road

• Kallampalayam Road
• S.R.C. Mill area
357. It is also proposed to construct bridges across Noyyal river through the south half of the
town. The following locations are proposed for construction of bridges
• Kallampalayam area.
• Parappalayam area.
• Poolavari Sukumar Nagar (Road Linking the Kangeyam road andd Uthukuli road.
• Kasipalayam ( Ring road Kangeyam Road to Uthukuli Road Linking)
103
Table 7.14 Identified Major Roads

Sl. Road Name Length Importance of the Road Existing Width Proposals
No.
m m
Major Links
1 Avinashi Road
From NH-47 Junction - Strengthening of the existing
Angeripalayam Road Junction carriageway with 1.5 m wide Paved
a) 10000 7
Major Arterial of shoulder and 1.0 m wide gravel
Tiruppur connecting the shoulders on both sides
From Angeripayam road Junction to Town with NH 47 leading Strengthening of the carriageway with
PN Road Junction to Coimbatore 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
b) 1600 10
Provision of foot path cum built up
drain and service ducts
2 Palladam Road
From NH 67 Junction to Ring Road Strengthening of the existing
Junction carriageway with 1.5 m wide Paved
a) 9400 7
shoulder and median and 1.0 m wide
Major Arterial of gravel shoulders on both sides
Tiruppur connecting the
From Ring Road Junction to Kamaraj Town with NH 67 Strengthening of the carriageway with
Road Junction 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
b) 4000 10
3 Perumanallur Road
From NH 47 junction to New Bus Strengthening of the carriage way with
a) Stand 8400 7 1.5m paved Shoulder and 1m gravel
Connects Tiruppur with shoulder on both sides
NH 47. Traffic bound to
New Bus Stand to Avinashi Road Salem, Chennai etc use Strengthening of the carriageway with
Junction this stretch. 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
b) 3600 7
104
Sl. Road Name Length Importance of the Road Existing Width Proposals
No.
m m
4 Dharapuram Road
From Km 40/800 to Km 44/800 Strengthening of the carriage way with
a) (Kovil vazhi village to Kangeyam 4000 7 1m wide gravel shoulder on both sides
Ring Road Junction) Connects Tirupur with
Dharapuram and
From Km 44/800 to Kamaraj Road Dindigul. This road Joins Strengthening of the carriageway with
Junction NH 67 near Andipalayam. 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
b) 5500 10
5 Kangeyam Road
From TEKIC Junction (km 7/800) to Widening the carriage way to two lane
a) Pudur Road Junction near Velan 5000 A Major District road 6 with 1.5m paved Shoulder and 1m
Hotel (MDR) connecting gravel shoulder on both sides
Tirupur with Kangeyam
Pudur Road Junction to Dharapuram and Karur. Traffic bound Strengthening of the carriageway with
b) Road Junction (including Kankeyam 2000 to TEKIC use this road 10 50 mm BM and 25 mm SDBC
Cross Road)
Utukuli Road (From TEKIC Junction A major District road Strengthening the carriage way with
to KPN colony Level Crossing) (MDR) connecting 1m gravel shoulder on both sides
6 6000 Tirupur with Uthukuli. 7
This road also forms a
connectivity to TEKIC
Mangalam Road Other District Road Strengthening the carriage way with
(ODR) connecting 1m gravel shoulder on both sides
7 5000 7
Tirupur town with
Mangalam.
Source: Tiruppur Municipality and Analysis
105
Table 7.15: Identified Major Internal Roads

Sl. Existing
Road Name Length Proposals
No. Width
m m
Internal Roads
8 Kumaran Road 1250 7 Improvement to riding quality with and 25 mm SDBC
9 Kamaraj Road 750 10 Provision of foot path cum built up drain and service ducts
2300 7-10 Provision of Street Lights
10 Kongu Main Road
Provision of Bus shelters and Bus Bays at important Locations
11 Railway Feeder Road 420 7
Provision of On street Parking facilities
12 Kankeyam Cross Road 500 7
13 Park Road 550 7
14 NRK Puram Main Road 520 7
15 60 FEET Road 1000 10
16 Nehru Street 1500 5.5-7
17 Union Mill Road 1500 5.5
18 Papa Naicken Palayam Road 550 7
19 Nanjappa School Road 350 7
20 Valayankadu Road 500 5.5
21 Universal Road 500 5.5
22 Angeripalayam Road 1000 6.5
23 Thennampalayam Main Road 550 5.5
24 NRK Puram Main Road 520 7
25 Bridge Way road 600 5.5
26 MO Street 350 14
27 Easwaran Koil Street 500 5.5
106
Table 7.16: Identified Ring road improvement

Sl. Road Name Length Existing Width Proposals
No.
m m
Ring Roads
Ring Road Connecting Kangeyam
1 4700 6.5
– Dharapuram
Ring Road connection Dhrapuram
2 4520 6.5 Strengthening of the existing carriage way with 1m gravel
– Palladam
shoulder on both sides
Ring Road connecting Utukuli –
3 2500 5.5
Kankeyam
4 TEKIC Road 750 5.5
Table 7.17: Identified Major Junctions and Proposed Improvements

Sl No Junction Type of Road Leads to Existing Condition Proposals
Junction
1 Avinashi T Junction Coimbatore on i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
Road – NH 47 western side, Salem ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
on East side provided High mast Lighting
iii Junction lighting absent Proper Traffic signs including
iv Absence of proper direction boards Gantry and Lane marking,
and signages landscaping
2 PN Road – 4-Legged Coimbatore on i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
NH 47 western side, Salem ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
on East side, provided High mast Lighting
Gobichettipalayam iii Junction lighting absent Proper Traffic signs including
on North and iv Absence of proper direction boards Gantry and Lane marking,
Tiruppur in the and signages Landscaping
south
3 Palladam T-Junction Karur on eastern i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
Road – NH 67 side, Palladam on ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
107

Junction
West side, and provided High mast Lighting
Tiruppur in the iii Junction lighting absent Proper Traffic signs including
North iv Absence of proper direction boards Gantry and Lane marking,
and signages landscaping
4 TEKIC Road 4-Legged Uthukuli on East, i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
and Uthukuli Tiruppur on West, ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
Road Junction TEKIC & NIFT on provided High mast Lighting
South iii Junction lighting absent Proper Traffic signs including
iv Absence of proper direction boards Gantry and Lane marking.
and signages Landscaping
5 TEKIC Road T-Junction Kankeyam on East, i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
and Tiruppur on West, ii Channelisation is absent Proper Channelisation
Kankeyam TEKIC & NIFT on iii Junction lighting absent High mast Lighting
Road Junction North iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs including
and signages Gantry and Lane marking.
6 Ring Road T-Junction Dharapuram on i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics by
Junction on South, Tiruppur on ii Structures located on the Sight clearing the sight triangle
Dharapuram North and Triangle Proper Channelisation
road leading Kankeyam on East iii Junction lighting absent High mast Lighting
to Kankeyam iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
and signages boards and Lane marking.
7 Ring Road T-Junction Dharapuram on i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics by
Junction on South, Tiruppur on ii Structures located on the Sight clearing the sight triangle
Kankeyam West and Kankeyam Triangle Proper Channelisation
Road Leading on East iii Junction lighting absent High mast Lighting
to iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
Dharapuram and signages boards and Lane marking.
8 Ring Road T-Junction Tiruppur on North, i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics by
Junction on Palladam on West ii Structures located on the Sight clearing the sight triangle
Dharapuram and Dharapuram on Triangle Proper Channelisation
Road leading South iii Junction lighting absent High mast Lighting
to Palladam iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
and signages boards and Lane marking.
108

Junction
9 Ring Road T-Junction Tiruppur on North, i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics by
Junction on Palladam on South ii Structures located on the Sight clearing the sight triangle
Palladam and Dharapuram on Triangle Proper Channelisation
Road leading East iii Junction lighting absent High mast Lighting
to iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
Dharapuram and signages boards and Lane marking.
10 Angeripalaya 4-Legged Avinashi on North i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
m Road west, Tirupur on ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
Junction with south and PN road provided Signalisation
Avinashi on East iii Insufficient Junction lighting High mast Lighting
Road iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
and signagesI boards and Lane marking,
Landscaping
11 Avinashi Y-Junction Avinashi on North i Insufficient Junction lighting Shifting of Bus Stops from the
Road and PN Perumanallur on ii Bus stops are located on the mouth junction Highmast Lighting
road Junction East and Tirupur on of the junction Proper Traffic signs, direction
south iii Absence of proper direction boards boards and Lane marking
and signagesI
12 Municipal 4-Legged Avinashi Road on i Turning Radius is not Provided Improvement of Geometrics
Office North , Old Bus ii Sub-standard Channelisation is Proper Channelisation
Junction stand on the East, provided Signalisation
Mangalam Road on iii Insufficient Junction lighting High mast Lighting
West and New iv Absence of proper direction boards Proper Traffic signs, direction
Bazzar street on and signagesI boards and Lane marking
south v Presence of Bus stops and parking Shifting of bus stops and parking
near the junction away from junction.
109
6. Street Lighting
358. The strategic intervention in this sector is in optimizing the number of lampposts in the
wards identified to optimize the average spacing between lampposts in the town and to
introduce lampposts in the non-lit areas and newly developing areas. Further, measures are
also to minimize the power consumption charges, which are observed to be on the higher
side from the statement of accounts. The requirements for future of streetlights is
illustrated in Table: 7.18.
Table 7.18: Requirement until 2026 in Street Lighting

Street Lighting
Tube Light Nos. 2,995
High Power Nos. 794
Power Saver Switches Nos. 98
High Mast Lamps Nos. 7
Source: Analysis
359. Further, to improve upon the O & M of the street lighting it is recommended to mechanize
the system and involve private sector in the same. To reduce the power consumption, new
technology bulbs are proposed to be introduced by the private party operations. The
mechanization would be towards introducing dimming systems (using power saver
switches) during non-peak hours of operation to reduce the power consumption. The
dimming system may follow the below mentioned timings.
(i) 9 PM to 11 PM reduce to 20 percent of LUX

(ii) 11 PM to 4 AM reduce to 50 percent of LUX
(iii) 4 AM to 6 AM and 7 PM to 9 PM provide with 100 percent LUX
360. It is also proposed to introduce the replacement of existing tube lights to retro fit tube
lights subsequently, as about 10 percent of power can be saved using this mechanism.
C. Project Costing for Service Delivery
1. Water Supply
361. Sub-Project Components. To meet the water supply requirements for 2026, augmentation
of additional headwork to meet the demand gap of 25.7 MLD at the rate of 90 lpcd, is
proposed. Under this component, rehabilitation of 30 percent of the existing distribution
network which are laid in the core city (CBD) is proposed for refursihment which accounts
for about 146 km, provision of additional distribution network for a length of 71 km with
road overlay, and a water treatment plant of 22.6 MLD (2026), is proposed under this
project.
362. Cost Estimates. The capital investment is estimated at Rs. 4146.7 Lakhs. The capital
investment of water supply is tabulated in Table: 7.19.
110
Table 7.19: Capital Investment for Water Supply (2026)

S. No Item Unit Quantity Cost
Rs. Lakhs
A System Rehabilitation
1 Distribution Network Kms 146.40 732.0
Sub-Total (A) 732.0
B New Infrastructure
1 Augmentation of Headwork MLD 25.7 2052.0
2 Storage Reservoir ML 9.5 518.4
3 Distribution Network with road over Kms 70.13 526.0
lay
4 Water Treatment Plant MLD 22.62 339.3
Sub-Total (B) 3435.7
Total (A+B) 4167.7
Source: Analysis
363. Sub-Project Components. Under this component, it is proposed to extend the existing
sewer network to the unserved areas (remaining 16 wards).The proposal also envisages
augmentation of the existing treatment plant and the pumping stations to meet the
proposed demand. To serve the unsewered areas and also to meet the growing demand,
225 kms of additional sewer length is proposed and 32.8 MLD of pumping and treatment
capacity are proposed. The cost envisaged for the UGD system is Rs. 6278.8 lakhs.
364. It is also proposed to provide 229 units with 3661 seats of ISP toilets in the slums to
facilitate sanitation in the slums with an estimated cost of Rs. 2,288.3 Lakhs.
365. Cost Estimates. The capital investment is estimated at Rs. 8,567.1 lakhs. The capital
investment for sewerage system is tabulated in Table: 7.20.
Table 7.20: Capital Investment for Sewerage System (2026)

S. No Item Unit Quantity Cost
Rs. Lakhs
A New Infrastructure
1 UGD for unsewered areas* Kms 225 5,622.7
2 Pumping capacity augmentation MLD 32.8 164.0
3 Treatment capacity augmentation MLD 32.8 492.1
Sub-Total (A) 6,278.8
B Public Conveniences
Public Conveniences for slums Seats 3661 2,288.3
Sub-Total (B) 2,288.3
Total (A+B) 8,567.1
Source: Analysis
366. Sub-Project Components - Drainage. The components involved in this sector are up-
gradation of the existing drains and new formations. The estimated cost for extension and
111
augmentation of storm water drainage including the improvement measures to Natural

Nallahs is about Rs. 105.8 lakhs. While Rs. 314.1 lakhs is proposed for the rehabilitation
of the existing full length of storm water drains. Up gradation of 55.26 kms of Pucca open
to Pucca closed is also proposed at an estimated cost of Rs. 278.3 lakhs. It is also proposed
to construct 169.7 kms of new drains along the major roads and proposed new roads at an
estimated cost of Rs. 2,884.2 lakhs.
367. Cost Estimates - Drainage. The capital investment for the improvements and up gradation
of storm water drains is estimated at Rs. 3,580.4 lakhs. The capital investment of storm
water drains is tabulated in Table: 7.21.
Table 7.21: Capital Investment for Drains (2011)

S. No Description Unit Value Cost
A Rehabilitation
1 Rehabilitation of Existing Storm
Water Drains km 314.1 314.1
B Upgradation of Kutcha to Pucca
1 Pucca Open to Pucca Closed km 55.26 276.3
C Formation of New Drains
1 New Pucca Closed Drains km 169.7 2,884.2
D Primary Drains
1 Desilting & Strengthening of Primary
Drains km 14.1 105.8
Total 3,580.4
Source: Analysis
368. Sub-Project Components. Under this component, it is proposed to develop a

comprehensive solid waste management system for the town. House-to-house waste
collection is proposed. The total requirement for primary collection including street
sweeping and drain desilting has been estimated as 580 tricycles (with 6 bins each) and
208 pushcarts. The secondary collection and transportation system requires 76 dumper
bins of 7.0 cum capacity each and 14 dumper placers. The primary, secondary collection
and transportation equipment is estimated to cater the needs till 2026. To treat and dispose
the waste safely, it is proposed to develop an integrated compost and landfill facility for
the town. The integrated plant has been designed to treat and dispose ultimate waste
generation of about 380 tons by the year 2026.
369. Cost Estimates. The capital investment is estimated at Rs. 2,199.6 lakhs. The capital
investment of Solid waste management is tabulated in Table: 7.22.
Table 7.22: Capital Investment for Solid Waste Management (2026)

Sr. No Item Unit Quantity Cost
Rs. Lakhs
A New Infrastructure
I. Waste Collection and Transportation
Equipment
1 Tri-cycles (with 6 Bins Each) Nos. 580 46.4
2 Push Carts Nos. 308 22.2
3 Dumper Bins (7 cum) Nos. 76 41.8
112
Sr. No Item Unit Quantity Cost

Rs. Lakhs
4 Dumper Placers Nos. 14 140.0
Subtotal (A) 250.4
B Compost Plant Development and
Sanitary Landfill Site Development
1 Compost Yard Acres 8.8 525.0
2 Landfill Acres 8.5 1,374.3
Subtotal (B) 1,899.2
C IEC Activities 20.0
Total (A+B) 2,199.6
Source: Analysis
370. Sub-Project Components - Roads: Rs. 724.0 lakhs is proposed for up-gradation of existing
roads to either bituminous or cement concrete surfacing, majority being upgradation from
earthen roads. Rs. 4,128.2 lakhs is the identified investment for new cement concrete,
bituminous and water bound macadam formations. Rs. 549.2 lakhs is proposed for
widening and strengthening of identified road stretches in the town. The total investment
proposed for road improvement is Rs. 5,401.5 lakhs. The investments for roads and traffic
management are presented in Table .7.23.
Table 7.23: Capital Investment for Road enhancement (2011)

Sr. No Item Unit Value Cost
Rs. Lakhs
A Roads
A Up gradation
1 Up gradation of Earthen to Black Top Km 36.2 724.0
B New Formation (Excludes the Bus Route
and Major Links)
1 Black Top km. 112.4 3,596.3
2 WBM km. 38.0 531.9
Sub-Total (I) 4,128.2
C Strengthening of Internal Roads km 78.5 549.2
TOTAL (A+B+C) 5,401.5
Source: Analysis
371. Widening and strengthening of bus routes and the major links is proposed under this
project. The proposal also includes construction of bridges at 3 locations and ROB’s at 4
locations
372. To ensure better traffic management, construction of a truck terminal is proposed at the
bys pass road and Multi-storied parking near the railway station. 15 major junctions and
50 bus-lays are also proposed for better traffic management. The proposed projects and the
estimated cost is presented in Table 7.24. The total cost envisaged is Rs. 20,855.0 lakhs.
The share of the municipality will be to a tune of Rs. 4169.4 lakhs. The remaining amount
will be the liability of the state/nations highways.
113
Table 7.24: Capital Investment for Traffic Management

Component Highway municipality Total
Investment Investment
Road Improvements(bus route 2,381.2 119.7 2,500.9
roads & Link Roads)
Junction Improvements 64.0 19.0 83.0
Footpaths cum Service Ducts 514.6 661.4 1,176.0
Traffic Signages lane marking and 196.1 92.2 288.2
other Miscellaneous items
ROB 4,500.0 - 4,500.0
Pedestrian Subway 30.0 35.0 65.0

LCV Parking facility - 50.0 50.0
Storm Water drain and cross - 192.1 192.1
ducting
Bridges 9,000.0 3,000.0 12,000.0
Bus lay bays - 5.0 5.0
Total 16,685.8 4,169.4 20,855.2
Source: Analysis
6. Street Lighting
373. An investment of Rs. 1022.6 lakhs is proposed towards provision of additional streetlights
and power savers in Tiruppur. The proposal includes conversion of existing tube lights
with retrofits at an estimated cost of Rs. 56 lakhs. One power saver switch is proposed for
every 25 sodium lamps and a total of 198 power saver switches is proposed and the
estimated cost is Rs. 9.9 lakhs. The details of the proposed works in street lighting is
Table 7.25: Capital Investment for Street Lighting

Sr. No Fixture Unit Value Cost
Rs. Lakhs
A Distribution by Type (For New
Formation of Roads)
1 Retrofit Tube Light Nos. 2995 748.8
2 High Power Nos. 794 230.3
3 High Mast Lamps Nos. 7 33.7
Sub Total (A) 1,012.7
B Power Saver Equipments
4 Power Saver Switches Nos. 198 9.9
5 Replacement of existing tube lights Nos. 5600 56.0
with retrofits
Sub-Total (B) 65.9
Total (A+B) 1,022.6
Source: Analysis
114
VIII. ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN
A. Overview
374. This asset management has the objective of defining and describing the key elements, and
principles of Asset Management System. This chapter will deal with the elements that are
essential in an asset management program for movable and immovable infrastructure.
More specifically road network, sidewalks, water supply network, pumping, storage,
treatment facilities and storm water drains.
375. While the need for Asset Management is clearly felt, it is equally important to have
appropriate management information on asset condition, infrastructure costs and
performance, and the consolidated requirements for repairs and maintenance, as well as
appropriate maintenance standards.
1. Asset Inventory
376. The first stage of implementation of an asset management program for municipal
infrastructure relies on the essential element of inventory. The location of some of the
available assets is presented in Map 8.1. For each element in each category of
infrastructure, it is fundamental to know about all as mentioned below:
(i) Available Assets

(ii) Location of Asset
(iii) Age of Asset
(iv) Quantity of Asset
(v) Physical Characteristics of Asset
377. Infrastructure Assets will include all movable and immovable equipment, properties
including but not restricted to sectors like water supply, drainage, sewerage, solid waste
management, roads, street lighting etc. Unlike other assets of the municipality, these assets
undergo constant use, wear and tear, addition, repair etc. This correspondingly changes
their values and hence a constant value updating is necessary.
115
Map 8.1: Remunerative and Non-Remunerative Assets in Tiruppur
116
2. Business Plan
378. The Business Plan is the most essential element in any system of Asset Management. All
other elements drive the business plan which will ensure the timely availability of
resources to sustain the assets in an acceptable condition to reliable to deliver the level of
service established by policy.
379. A long term schedule at the high level for the delivery of rehabilitation actions in blocks of
time for each category of assets. A project specific budget and schedule based on detailed
assessment for the shorter (5 year) term. This element should include the tracking of actual
rehabilitation costs to allow more dependable pricing of future projects
380. A revenue analysis that will ensure reserve funds to sustain the Asset Management
program
381. The System for Asset Management must communicate with other strategically important
business processes including financial systems, Geographic Information Systems, Master
plans, and initiatives for managing growth.
B Information of Municipal Assets.
1 Water Supply
The water supply assets basically comprise of all the assets from the headworks, treatment
plant, sump, transmission mains, pumping mains, Feeder mains, distribution mains and
sub mains, including all valves, connections, meters and all related facilities for the
efficient delivery service of water. In case the urban local body owns only the distribution
facilities from the town overhead tanks, it will be an asset accordingly.
2 Sanitation
The town does not have any sewerage system since 100 percent of the sanitation is
through septic tanks and low cost sanitation units. The local body owns 18 public
conveniences in the town with a total of 41 seats and another 5 Pay & Use toilets with 40
Seats. Recently it has also added another 64 seats through ISP project.
3 Land and Buildings
Buildings are of 2 types; remunerative and non remunerative, given below are the
remunerative assets of the corporation. The remunerative assets mainly constitutes of the
markets, commercial complexes, Bus stands and Office Buildings.
Details regarding the commercial complexes, Markets/toilets, Table 8.1 tabulates 46

commercial complexes are located in the southern and Northern side of the railway line.
The average rent per Sq.Ft is Rs. 63 and Rs. 24 per square feet respectively. The average
rent of commercial complexes in southern side is more when compared to the complexes
117
in north side of railway line. Table: 8.2 illustrate three markets and ten pay & Toilets in
both Northern and southern side of railway line of Tiruppur Municipality
Table 8.1: Remunerative Assets – Commercial Complexes

Name of Complexes No of shops Total Area Per sq.ft Monthly
Demand
Nos. Sq.feet Rs./sq.ft Rs.
Commercial Complexes in the Southern Side of the Railway line
Kamarajar salai 'A' block - near 1 80 29.90 2,392
municipality well (South)
Kamarajar salai 'A' block - near 1 80 56.06 4,485
municipality well (East)
Kamarajar salai - daily market 7 560 61.20 34,274
(East)
Kamarajar salai - 'E' block 2 160 42.05 6,728
Old bus stand (near booking office) 2 160 0.99 159
Union mill Rd and universal rd lane 1 800 13.05 10,436
Bus stand -weight machine 1 2 1,600 0.29 458
Himachala Pradesh - bus stand 1 24 26.75 642
Old bus stand MUDF Shop No. 5 1 64 148.78 9,522
Old bus stand near book shop 2 320 54.18 17,337
Kumaran shopping Center 37 16,780 9.26 155,451
Weekly Market 18 2,880 20.89 60,157
Weekly Market first floor 18 2,880 4.52 13,020
Eswaran St. 'B' block 9 720 861.10 619,994
Kamarajar Salai 'A' block 10 1,600 25.30 40,479
Kamarajar Salai 'B' block 11 1,760 38.52 67,800
Kamarajar Salai 'C' block 11 1,760 27.64 48,638
Kamarajar Salai 'E' block 9 720 27.93 20,112
Kamarajar Salai Veg. Food stall 1 800 30.38 24,300
Bus stand book shop 1 160 29.52 4,723
Bus stand 31 4,960 197.26 978,428
Bus stand TV 1 160 12.38 1,980
Bus stand MUDF 36 5,760 43.22 248,954
Bus stand MUDF- II 9 1,440 57.23 82,417
Bus stand MUDF II (Non-veg hotel) 1 800 52.21 41,765
Bus stand (First floor) - hotel 1 1,107 30.35 33,592
Ration Shop 2 320 3.73 1,193
Bus stand (MUDF II) First floor 6 960 8.07 7,750
Bus stand (MUDF II) First floor - 1 800 18.88 15,100
Office building
Bus Stand (First floor) shop No: 1 28 4,480 12.34 55,271
Near Jaivabai School - Shop No: 1 35 2,800 14.03 39,290
Sub-total (Commercial Complexes 57,495 63* 2,646,847
in Southern side)
Commercial Complexes in the Northern Side of the Railway Line
Bharathiyar Shopping Center 26 14,540 5.62 81,749
Near Gandhi Statue 4 192 75.57 14,510
Near Anna Statue 4 192 22.40 4,300
118
Name of Complexes No of shops Total Area Per sq.ft Monthly

Demand
Nos. Sq.feet Rs./sq.ft Rs.
Petty shop near court St. 1 48 7.31 351
Avanshi Road 2 160 18.13 2,900
Demand St. Shop 2 96 25.41 2,439
Shop No (1-23) 23 3,680 0.58 2,135
Avanshi Road 1 800 5.32 4,252
Bus stand First floor (MUDF II) 3 480 5.42 2,600
Shop No: 1
New Bus stand Shop No: 1 25 2,000 34.68 69,360
New Bus stand (first floor) Shop No: 1 110 15.00 1,650
2
New Bus stand 1 320 46.88 15,000
Avanish Rd Shop No: 1 (Ground 4 800 57.88 46,300
Floor)
Avanish Rd ( First floor) 4 800 20.63 16,500
Sub-total 24,218 24* 264,046
Grand Total 81,713 2,910,893
* Average rent of Rs./sq.ft for commercial complexes
There are 3 markets, 10 seven pay & use toilets, one slaughterhouse, cycle stand, two two-
wheeler stand and one storeroom and the monthly rent of past two years is explained in
Table: 8.2.
Table 8.2: Remunerative Assets – Markets and Toilets

Si. No Markets and Toilets Monthly Rent (Rs.)
2004-05 2005-06
Southern side of Railway line -Markets
1. Market (near kamarajar salai) 132,137.25 136,172.50
2. Market (near Eswaran Koil) 24,925.83 23,355.83
3. Weekly Market 261,816.75 267,083.33
Toilets
4. Pay & use Toilet (near Kamarajar Salai) 11,399.00 12,500.00
5. Pay & use Toilet (near Eswaran Koil) 3,416.67 6,350.00
6. Pay & use Toilet (near Old Bus stand) 65,654.42 68,333.33
7. Pay & use Toilet (Eswaran Moorthy park) 97,700.00 12,833.33
8. Pay & use Toilet 19,159.92 22,500.00
9. Pay & use Toilet (S.X Colony) 15,784.67 18,750.00
10. Pay & use Toilet (old bus stand) 12,583.33 -
Others
11. slaughter house 19,018.50 20,325.00
12 Van & Tempo 1,153.17 650.00
13. Cycle Stand (Park ) 31,866.75 35,833.33
14. Two wheeler Stand (near old bus stand) - 60,833.33
15. Two wheeler Stand (Opp. municipality) 3,279.58 4,583.33
16. Store room (near old bus stand) - 6,541.67
Sub total 699,895.83 696,645.00
119
Si. No Markets and Toilets Monthly Rent (Rs.)

2004-05 2005-06
Northern Side of Railway line - Toilets
1. Pay & use Toilet 17,717.00 21,666.67
2. Pay & use Toilet (near new bus stand) - 13,500.00
3. Pay & use Toilet (new bus stand- near entrance) 36,750.08 37,883.33
Sub Total 54,467.08 73,050.00
Grand Total 754,362.92 769,695.00
Source: Tiruppur Municipality.
Table 8.3: Non-Remunerative Assets - Structures

Asset Numbers
School Buildings 34
Pumping stations 2
Office Buildings 1
Maternity centers / homes 3
Hospitals / Dispensaries 1
Noon Meal Centres 112
Parks and Play grounds 1
Source: Third Finance Commission.
C Strategies
382. Condition Assessment Survey (CAS) establishes the existing condition of the asset and
hence is a benchmark for comparison, not only between different assets, but for the same
asset at different times. Condition Assessment Survey records the deficiencies in a system
or component, the extent of the defect, as well as the urgency of the repair work; in some
cases the estimated cost of repair is provided at the time of inspection. This type of
systematic inspection is essential for asset management as it provides data for the
"maintenance management", "service life prediction" and "risk analysis" enabling
technologies, mentioned earlier.
383. The data collected in a Condition Assessment Survey should reflect the change in the
reliability of the system as a whole. This implies that the state or condition of a system
being inspected should then be linked to the change in reliability of the system or its
components. In this way, programmed maintenance and repair for a given system can be
based on updated reliability estimates.
384. While the above mentioned three tools are mostly innovative type there are specific
Information technology tools that are necessary for accurate generation of MIS.
385. Creating a Geographical Information Systems (GIS) database of the assets identifiers.
386. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) technology assists for rapid and accurate data
collection, precise identification of building or service locations, calculations of areas and
lengths, estimation of building height, and more importantly the easy, clear and
unambiguous documentation of physical location of identified defects and potential
problems.
120
IX. RESOURCE MOBILIZATION INITIATIVES
A. Scope in Savings and Revenue Generation
1. Infrastructure
387. The main objective of the Business plan is to generate revenue through the non-traditional
sources with minimum investments. There is enormous scope to control expenditure in
water supply, solid waste management and street lighting sector etc. The analysis will find
the options for the replacement of inefficient existing pumps in terms of energy efficiency
through Cost Benefit Analysis. Regarding street lighting, the analysis will be towards
introducing technology of street lighting with the help of private participation.
2. Assets
388. The major assets for the municipalities are the immovable assets. This is one potential area
to develop the asset values and increase the municipal revenue. The analysis includes
finding out the various options to make use of vacant lands on BOT basis and revising of
rents for the remunerative assets up to market values.
B. Sector Wise Savings
1. Water supply
389. Energy Saving: A significant number of municipalities in Tamil Nadu rely on motive
power for conveying water, either through significantly long distances (typically source to
distribution point) or to meet contour gradient requirements within the distribution system.
Pump Stations or Booster Stations achieve this objective by providing the necessary
motive power to increasing the energy of the fluid to ensure water supply and distribution
at required pressure and quantity.
390. Smooth functioning of the pump stations is highly critical, since they operate more than 12
hours and virtually form the heart of a system. Such pump stations consume a significant
amount of electricity and result in high O & M costs for the Municipality that owns and
operates such pumping system. It is common that over time, pumps and motors undergo
severe wear and tear resulting in reduced operating efficiencies. This directly translates
into higher power consumption for the same amount of output or even reduced output,
which further results in a tangible increase in spending.
391. Energy Audit is an effective management tool to combat and control spiraling O &M and
energy costs and to enable the municipality to effectively use the system at the optimum
cost possible. There is scope to control expenditure with effective energy management,
leak detection and unauthorized tap connections.
392. Cost benefit analysis of pumps has been worked out for each of the pump house and head
121
works to compare the energy cost of existing pump and energy efficient pump with above
recommended modification for a period of 15 years. The net energy saving percentage is
more than 10 percent from current level, recommended for undertaking repair and
rehabilitation works. The working details are presented in following tables. However, all
these test results envisaged no savings in energy utilization in head work and pump
houses. Hence, most of these pumps are either recently purchased/repaired.
393. Unaccounted for water (UFW) is the difference between the volume of water delivered
into the distribution system and the water sold/ billed or accounted for by legitimate
consumption. UFW includes losses, physical losses and non-physical or commercial
losses.
394. Waste is that water which having been obtained from a source and put into a supply and
distribution system and into consumers’ installation leaks or is allowed to escape or is
taken there from for no useful purpose. Leakage is that part of waste that leaks or escapes
other than by deliberate or controllable action. Leakage from reservoir, mains,
communication pipes and consumers’ supply pipes are of major concern for water
managers. The above waste results in the reduction in the revenue to the urban local body.
Thus, the UFW is also refered to as non-revenue water. If there is any unauthorized /illegal
connection in the town that needs to be regularized, this would generate significant
revenue for the Municipality. However, this cannot be quantified accurately in the absence
of number of illegal connections in the town and hence municipality should take necessary
action towards legalizing the illegal connections in the town.
122
Table 9.1: Comparison of existing pumps with ideal condition

Unit Head Works Nadur -PH Pogalur - Nambiyamp Perichipalay
Description PH alayam - PH am - PH
Ideal Condition
Total Capacity of Pump(excl. standby) HP 200 240 220 220 48
Power Consumption per HP/hour KW 0.747 0.747 0.747 0.747 0.747
Average Pumping Hours Hr 16 12 12 12-14 10
Total Power Consumption KW/annum 959,746 863771 791790 923755 142462
Unit Rate of Power INR/KW 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50
Total Energy Charges per annum INR Lakh 33.59 30.23 27.71 32.33 4.99
Current Status
Total Energy Consumption Kw/Annum 879,552 695232 735840 864000 132660
Total Energy Charges per annum INR Lakh 34.78 27.94 28.91 32.55 4.83
Annual Increment in Energy Cost % 5 5 5 5 5
Interest Rate % 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
Continue with the current Pump if net savings is < % 5 5 5 5 5
Repair the current Pump if net savings is between 10 10 10 10 10
previous and less than %
Replace the current Pump if net savings is > % 10 10 10 10 10
Age of Pump Yrs 3 3 2 2 2
Source: Analysis.
123
Table 9.2: Estimation of net energy saving at head works

Year Capital cost of O&M New Pump O&M old pump Savings in Cost of fund Net savings Savings
Pump energy cost
Rs. Lakh Percent
2007 4.80 33.59 34.78 1.19 0.46 0.73 2%
2008 35.27 36.52 1.25 0.46 0.79 2%
2009 37.03 38.35 1.31 0.46 0.86 2%
2010 38.89 40.26 1.38 0.46 0.92 2%
2011 40.83 42.28 1.45 0.46 0.99 2%
2012 42.87 44.39 1.52 0.46 1.06 2%
2013 45.02 46.61 1.60 0.46 1.14 2%
2014 47.27 48.94 1.68 0.46 1.22 2%
2015 49.63 51.39 1.76 0.46 1.30 3%
2016 52.11 53.96 1.85 0.46 1.39 3%
2017 54.72 56.66 1.94 0.46 1.48 3%
2018 57.45 59.49 2.04 0.46 1.58 3%
2019 60.32 62.46 2.14 0.46 1.68 3%
2020 63.34 65.59 2.25 0.46 1.79 3%
2021 66.51 68.87 2.36 0.46 1.90 3%
Source: Analysis.
124
Table 9.3: Estimation of net energy saving at Nadur pump house

Pump energy cost
Rs. Lakh Percent
2007 5.76 30.23 27.94 -2.29 0.46 -2.75 -10%
2008 31.74 29.34 -2.40 0.46 -2.86 -10%
2009 33.33 30.81 -2.52 0.46 -2.98 -10%
2010 35.00 32.35 -2.65 0.46 -3.11 -10%
2011 36.75 33.96 -2.78 0.46 -3.24 -10%
2012 38.58 35.66 -2.92 0.46 -3.38 -9%
2013 40.51 37.45 -3.07 0.46 -3.52 -9%
2014 42.54 39.32 -3.22 0.46 -3.68 -9%
2015 44.67 41.28 -3.38 0.46 -3.84 -9%
2016 46.90 43.35 -3.55 0.46 -4.01 -9%
2017 49.24 45.51 -3.73 0.46 -4.19 -9%
2018 51.71 47.79 -3.92 0.46 -4.37 -9%
2019 54.29 50.18 -4.11 0.46 -4.57 -9%
2020 57.01 52.69 -4.32 0.46 -4.77 -9%
2021 59.86 55.32 -4.53 0.46 -4.99 -9%
Source: Analysis.
125
Table 9.4: Estimation of net energy saving at Pogalur pump house

Pump energy cost
Rs. Lakh Percent
2007 5.28 27.71 28.91 1.20 0.46 0.74 3%
2008 29.10 30.35 1.26 0.46 0.80 3%
2009 30.55 31.87 1.32 0.46 0.86 3%
2010 32.08 33.47 1.38 0.46 0.93 3%
2011 33.68 35.14 1.45 0.46 1.00 3%
2012 35.37 36.90 1.53 0.46 1.07 3%
2013 37.14 38.74 1.60 0.46 1.15 3%
2014 38.99 40.68 1.68 0.46 1.23 3%
2015 40.94 42.71 1.77 0.46 1.31 3%
2016 42.99 44.85 1.85 0.46 1.40 3%
2017 45.14 47.09 1.95 0.46 1.49 3%
2018 47.40 49.44 2.05 0.46 1.59 3%
2019 49.77 51.92 2.15 0.46 1.69 3%
2020 52.26 54.51 2.25 0.46 1.80 3%
2021 54.87 57.24 2.37 0.46 1.91 3%
Source: Analysis.
126
Table 9.5: Estimation of net energy saving at Nambiyampalayam pump house

Pump energy cost
Rs. Lakh Percent
2007 5.28 32.33 32.55 0.21 0.46 -0.24 -1%
2008 33.95 34.17 0.22 0.46 -0.23 -1%
2009 35.65 35.88 0.24 0.46 -0.22 -1%
2010 37.43 37.68 0.25 0.46 -0.21 -1%
2011 39.30 39.56 0.26 0.46 -0.20 0%
2012 41.26 41.54 0.27 0.46 -0.18 0%
2013 43.33 43.61 0.29 0.46 -0.17 0%
2014 45.49 45.80 0.30 0.46 -0.15 0%
2015 47.77 48.08 0.32 0.46 -0.14 0%
2016 50.16 50.49 0.33 0.46 -0.12 0%
2017 52.66 53.01 0.35 0.46 -0.11 0%
2018 55.30 55.66 0.37 0.46 -0.09 0%
2019 58.06 58.45 0.38 0.46 -0.07 0%
2020 60.97 61.37 0.40 0.46 -0.05 0%
2021 64.01 64.44 0.42 0.46 -0.03 0%
Source: Analysis.
127
Table 9.6: Estimation of net energy saving at Perichipalayam pump house

Pump energy cost
Rs. Lakh Percent
2007 1.14 4.99 4.83 -0.16 0.46 -0.61 -13%
2008 5.24 5.07 -0.16 0.46 -0.62 -12%
2009 5.50 5.33 -0.17 0.46 -0.63 -12%
2010 5.77 5.59 -0.18 0.46 -0.64 -11%
2011 6.06 5.87 -0.19 0.46 -0.65 -11%
2012 6.36 6.16 -0.20 0.46 -0.66 -11%
2013 6.68 6.47 -0.21 0.46 -0.67 -10%
2014 7.02 6.80 -0.22 0.46 -0.68 -10%
2015 7.37 7.14 -0.23 0.46 -0.69 -10%
2016 7.74 7.49 -0.24 0.46 -0.70 -9%
2017 8.12 7.87 -0.25 0.46 -0.71 -9%
2018 8.53 8.26 -0.27 0.46 -0.72 -9%
2019 8.95 8.67 -0.28 0.46 -0.74 -8%
2020 9.40 9.11 -0.29 0.46 -0.75 -8%
2021 9.87 9.56 -0.31 0.46 -0.77 -8%
Source: Analysis.
128
395. Staffing. Following table presents staff deployment at head works and pump houses in
Tiruppur municipality. Rs. 18.54 lakh per annum is spent on salary for staffs that are
maintaining the head works and pump houses in the town and the retirement year varies
from one year to 16 years. Most of the permanent employees retirement period is more
than ten year and hence no savings is envisaged through privatization of pump house
maintenance. The details of staffing deployed at headwork and pump houses are presented
in Table 9.7.
129
Table 9.7: Staffing details at head works & Pump houses

Permanent Temporary Total Salary Remaining years
Items No of Staffs
of service
Permanent Temporary Total Salary /Month Salary /Month Rs. per Annum
Head works
Qualified Electricians 1 3 4 13,524 14,100 331,488 1
Asst. Electricians 1 - 1 8,887 0 106644 15
Helpers 2 2 4 11248 5100 196176 15
Sub Total 4 2 9 33,659 19,200 634,308
Nadur Pump House

Qualified Electricians 2 - 2 21,851 - 262,212 1/10
Helpers 2 1 3 11,248 2,550 165,576 15/16
Sub Total 4 1 5 33,099 2,550 427,788
Pogalur Pump House

Qualified Electricians 2 - 2 18,593 - 223,116 5/15
Cleaners 2 1 3 12,405 2,550 179,460 6/15
Others - 2 2 - 5,100 61,200
Sub Total 4 3 7 30,998 7,650 463,776
Nambiyampalyam
Pump House
Qualified Electricians 1 - 1 11,025 - 132,300 5
Cleaners 2 2 4 11,248 5,100 196,176 15/16
Sub Total 3 2 5 22,273 5,100 328,476
Grand Total 15 8 26 120,029 34,500 18,54,348
130
396. Compare to all sections public health division will maintain maximum number of workers
and more number of vehicles. The vehicles will exhibits more operation and maintain cost.
With respect to solid waste management, the analysis is focused on comparison of
manpower with municipal staff to the private operator.
397. As discussed in Chapter IV solid waste management sector the main strategies is towards
primary collection will be handled by the private operator and secondary by the local
body.
398. Staff reduction / Privatisation. There are 804 permanent staff excluding consolidated pay
members working as sanitary workers in the municipality. The average salary for each
sanitary worker is around Rs. 5,000 /-. As per the birth, after the age of 58 years number of
workers will be retire from the service is calculated. Around 70 percent of workers are
going to retire by 2020. After 2020 Municipality has to go for 100 Privatisation including
door to door collection.
3. Street lighting
399. In street lighting sector, there is large scope to minimize the expenditure towards power
consumption and operation & maintenance. Related to street lighting the data has been
collected as follows:
(i) Number and types of street lighting and its operation and maintenance
(ii) Expenditure towards salaries and Power charges
400. Energy Savings. This section reviews the current level of energy consumption,
maintenance and establishment charges incurred in street light maintenance. Tiruppur
Municipality maintains 8,697 light fixtures out of which around 81 percent fixtures are
tube lights, about 19 percent sodium vapour lamps. The total cost of energy utilized is Rs.
114.40 lakh per FY 04-05 and average maintenance expenses of street lighting are Rs.
23.71 lakh per annum. The average cost of energy consumption per fixture is Rs. 1,315 per
annum. The average maintenance expenditure per light is works out to Rs. 273 per annum.
There are six skilled wiremans and six helper to operate and maintain entire street lighting
in the town and all of them are permanent employee of the Municipality.
Table 9.8: Expenditure trend in street lighting

Items 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
Rs. Lakh
Energy Charges 54.78 64.99 118.05 110.63
Establishment Charges 6.92 7.34 7.58 6.98
Maintenance Expenses 23.05 31.44 20.36 20.00
Total 84.75 103.77 145.99 137.61
401. Energy savings in street lighting could be achieved through replacement of existing
131
conventional tube lights with energy efficient retrofit tube lights, installing power saver
devices and privatizing the operation and maintenance of street lighting. There are 7,001
florescent tube light fixtures installed in Tiruppur town. The 40 Watt fluorescent tube
lights with ballasts will consume an additional 10-13 watts. To reduce the energy
consumption, 28 Watt T-5 retrofit tube lights have to be introduced in place of existing
conventional tube lights.
402. Based on the best practices followed in other parts of the country, retrofit tube lights are
proposed in Tiruppur. The new tube-lights have a higher luminary rating, longer life span,
lower failure rate and perform better under the highly fluctuating voltage that plagues the
town's electricity supply. The salient features of retrofit tube lights are presented in the
following table. The salient features of retrofit tube lights are presented in the following
table.
Table 9.9: Salient features of Retro fit tube lights

Description Value
Tube type E+28 W
Power consumption 28 W
Power Factor 0.95
Rated life of tube (burning hours) 18,000
Rated life of electronics (burning hours) 50,000
Stroking Voltage Less than 120 volts
Source: Analysis.
403. The following table presents the comparison of present conventional florescent tube lights
with proposed Retrofit tube lights. The comparison statement is summarized in Table
9.10.
Table 9.10: Comparison of conventional tube lights with retrofit lights

Description 40 Watts Tube Light Retrofit light
Connecting load* (W) 52.5 30
Light output (Lm) 2,450 2,900
Annual energy consumption ** (KWH) 211 120
Energy charges @Rs. 3.50/- 738 422
Life of lamp (Hours) 4,000 18,000
Source: Analysis.
* Including ballast loss of 12.5 W for conventional 40 Watts Tube lights.

** Calculated for 11 hrs daily burning.
404. The Present street lighting system in Tiruppur is challenged with poor lighting levels,
inappropriate operation timings, poor quality of power and inefficient lighting devises.
(i) Operator switching streetlights require 1 to 1.5 hrs to operate all the switches in an
area, resulting in some places lights are switched on/off almost 1 to1.5 hrs prior and
after the required time;
(ii) Lighting levels are higher than required standards;
(iii) During off peak hours (after 11 pm in night) lighting levels increase further due to
increase in voltage;
(iv) Lighting devises are not mounted properly, thus unnecessarily distributing light to
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surrounding areas and providing less light on roads and pathways; and
(v) Selection and mounting of lamps is not done in a scientific manner, considering
parameters like land use, type of road and illumination required as per Indian
Standard Codes.
405. In order to address some of the above issues in the town, power saver devises have to be
installed. The power saver devises save energy, by regulating voltage after peak hours.
The built in timer automatically reduces voltage from 240V to 180 V after 10 pm. It also
can reduce voltage stepwise up to 110 V in different time slots. This action optimizes the
illumination level after peak hours. The programmable timer switch also controls street
lighting operating hours as per desired timings. These power savers also act as protection
devises, which increase the life of lamps and luminaries.
406. The replacement of existing lights proposed to replace in a phased manner for next two
years (2006 & 2007). Separate cash flow for street lighting was prepared to ascertain the
savings due to the replacement of new energy efficient lights and installing power saver
devices. The cash flows have been worked out considering privatization of streetlights.
407. The basis for preparing cash flows are as follows, no increase in fixtures, annual increment
in energy cost at 3 percent, rate of interest at 8.5 percent and net energy savings share
(profit share) between contractor and Urban Local Body with a mutually agreed
percentage basis. In this case, it was assumed that the cost of savings in energy utilization
was distributed between contractor and Urban Local Body at 80 percent and 20 percent
respectively. Through street lighting energy consumption Urban Local Body can save a
minimum of Rs. 18.75 lakh in 2008, out of which Rs. 3.75 lakh is transferred to
municipality as per the above mentioned profit sharing arrangement, rest with private
contractor. Further details are presented in the following table. Existing municipal skilled
staffs shall be retained for overseeing the private contractors operation and maintenance
work and hence no savings are envisaged from staff reduction or redeployment.
Assumption for calculating energy savings are presented in Table 9.11 and energy savings
is tabulated in Table 9.12. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for 2012 is more than the
discounted rate of 10 percent making the initiative viable.
Table 9.11: Assumption for calculating energy savings

Description Unit Value
No. of Street Lights in the ULB Nos. 8,697
Total Annual Energy Cost for Street Lighting INR Lakh 114.40
Energy Cost per Street light/annum INR 1,315
Standard Cost as per Case Studies INR 921
Annual Increment in Energy Cost % 3
Transfer of Savings to ULB % 20
Rate of Interest % 8.50%
133
Table 9.12: Energy savings in street lighting

Year Capital Cost No. of Lights Actual Energy Normative Net Savings Transfer of Net Cash
Cost Energy Cost Savings to flow
ULB
Rs. Lakh Nos. INR Lakh
2006 31.50 8,697 117.83 0.00 -31.50
2007 33.39 8,697 121.37 0.00 -33.39
2008 8,697 125.01 87.51 18.75 3.75 18.75
2009 8,697 128.76 90.13 38.63 7.73 38.63
2010 8,697 132.62 92.83 39.79 7.96 39.79
2011 8,697 136.60 95.62 40.98 8.20 40.98
2012 44.69 8,697 140.70 98.49 42.21 8.44 -2.48
2013 47.37 8,697 144.92 101.44 43.48 8.70 -3.90
2014 8,697 149.27 104.49 44.78 8.96 44.78
2015 8,697 153.74 107.62 46.12 9.22 46.12
2016 8,697 158.36 110.85 47.51 9.50 47.51
2017 8,697 163.11 114.17 48.93 9.79 48.93
2018 63.39 8,697 168.00 117.60 50.40 10.08 -12.99
2019 67.20 8,697 173.04 121.13 51.91 10.38 -15.28
2020 8,697 178.23 124.76 53.47 10.69 53.47
Total 404.47
IRR 12 27%
IRR 15 33%
IRR 20 36%
Source: Analysis.
134
4. Assets
408. Details of remunerative assets owned by Tiruppur municipality are presented in Table .
Current year demands of remunerative assets were collected from municipality and the
same were compared with the market rental value. From the following table it is apparent
that the municipal remunerative assets are under valued. There is a scope of revenue
maximization through lease and rentals from remunerative assets of Tiruppur
Municipality. The ULB should follow the market value as minimum for lease and rentals
of remunerative assets. Through this process municipality can fetch additional revenue to
the tune of Rs. 28.13 Lakh per annum. The rentals and lease amounts have to be revised
every 3 year once to a minimum of 15 percent from FY 2006-07. The collection
performance of leases and rentals are inconsistent over the assessment period and hence
collection efficiency also to be improved.
135
Table 9.13: Additional Revenue Estimation from Remunerative Assets

Name/Location of the Asset Area Rental Value Accruing rentals Market Rental Additional Revenue
Sq.ft Rs/.Month /Sq.ft Rs./Year Rs./Year Rs./Year
Kamarajar salai 'A' block - near 80 29.9
municipality well (South) 28,704 30,139 1,435
Kamarajar salai 'A' block - near 80 56.06
municipality well (East) 53,820 56,511 2,691
Kamarajar salai - daily market (East) 560 61.2 411,288 452,417 41,129
Kamarajar salai - 'E' block 160 42.05 80,736 84,773 4,037
Old bus stand (near booking office) 160 0.99 1,908 2,003 95
Union mill rd & universal rd lane 800 13.05 125,232 131,494 6,262
bus stand -weight machine 1 1,600 0.29 5,496 6,046 550
Himachala Pradesh - bus stand 24 26.75 7,704 8,089 385
Old bus stand MUDF Shop No. 5 64 148.78 114,264 125,690 11,426
Old bus stand near book shop 320 54.18 208,044 228,848 20,804
Kumaran shopping Center 16,780 9.26 1,865,412 2,051,953 186,541
Weekly Market 2,880 20.89 721,884 757,978 36,094
Weekly Market first floor 2,880 4.52 156,240 164,052 7,812
Eswaran St. 'B' block 720 861.1 7,439,928 7,811,924 371,996
Kamarajar salai 'A' block 1,600 25.3 485,748 510,035 24,287
Kamarajar salai 'B' block 1,760 38.52 813,600 854,280 40,680
Kamarajar salai 'C' block 1,760 27.64 583,656 612,839 29,183
Kamarajar salai 'E' block 720 27.93 241,344 253,411 12,067
Kamarajar salai veg. Food stall 800 30.38 291,600 306,180 14,580
Bus stand book shop 160 29.52 56,676 62,344 5,668
Bus stand 4,960 197.26 11,741,136 12,915,250 1,174,114
Bus stand TV 160 12.38 23,760 26,136 2,376
Bus stand MUDF 5,760 43.22 2,987,448 3,286,193 298,745
Bus stand MUDF- II 1,440 57.23 989,004 1,087,904 98,900
Bus stand MUDF II (Non-veg hotel) 800 52.21 501,180 551,298 50,118
Bus stand (First floor) - hotel 1,107 30.35 403,104 443,414 40,310
Ration Shop 320 3.73 14,316 15,032 716
136
Name/Location of the Asset Area Rental Value Accruing rentals Market Rental Additional Revenue
Sq.ft Rs/.Month /Sq.ft Rs./Year Rs./Year Rs./Year
Bus stand (MUDF II) First floor 960 8.07 93,000 102,300 9,300
Bus stand (MUDF II) First floor - 800 18.88
Office building 181,200 199,320 18,120
Bus Stand (First floor) shop No: 1 4,480 12.34 663,252 729,577 66,325
Near Jaivabai School - Shop No: 1 2,800 14.03 471,480 495,054 23,574
Bharathiyar Shopping Center 14,540 5.62 980,988 1,030,037 49,049
Near Gandhi Statue 192 75.57 174,120 182,826 8,706
Near Anna Statue 192 22.4 51,600 54,180 2,580
Peety shop near court St. 48 7.31 4,212 4,423 211
Avanshi Road 160 18.13 34,800 38,280 3,480
Demand St. Shop 96 25.41 29,268 30,731 1,463
Shop No (1-23) 3,680 0.58 25,620 26,901 1,281
Avanshi Road 800 5.32 51,024 53,575 2,551
Bus stand First floor (MUDF II) Shop 480 5.42
No: 1 31,200 34,320 3,120
New Bus stand Shop No: 1 2,000 34.68 832,320 915,552 83,232
New Bus stand (first floor) Shop No: 2 110 15 19,800 21,780 1,980
New Bus stand 320 46.88 180,000 198,000 18,000
Avanish Rd Shop No: 1 (Ground Floor) 800 57.88 555,600 583,380 27,780
Avanish Rd ( First floor) 800 20.63 198,000 207,900 9,900
Total 81,713 34,930,716 37,744,369 2,813,653
Source: Analysis.
137
C. Additional Resource Mobilization
1. Parking Fees
409. Land-use and economic activity drives the parking demand in Tiruppur. Town attracts
two-wheeler traffic, which puts up specific parking requirement. Private vehicles can be
seen parked haphazardly along the roadside in the premises of Old Bus stand, Kumaran
Road and Railway Station areas. Based on the field visit three locations were identified for
on street parking of two wheelers. For estimating the parking fee, it was assumed that 40
percent of the total vehicle will be parked less than or equal to one hour and 60 percent of
the total vehicle will be parked more than one hour. Vehicles that are parked more than an
hour can be charged four rupees per vehicle and for other vehicles two rupees can be
charged. An annual vehicle increment of two percent has been assumed to calculate the
future revenue generation. The estimated parking fee is presented in Table 9.14.
Table 9.14: Estimated Parking Fee

Year Kumaran Old Bus stand Angeripalayam Total
Road Road
Approximate 200 200 200 500
No of veh./day
Rs. Lakh
2007 3.07 3.07 1.17 7.67
2008 3.13 3.13 1.19 7.82
2009 3.19 3.19 1.22 7.97
2010 3.25 3.25 1.24 8.13
2011 3.32 3.32 1.26 8.30
2012 3.39 3.39 1.29 8.46
2013 3.45 3.45 1.32 8.63
2014 3.52 3.52 1.34 8.80
2015 3.59 3.59 1.37 8.98
2016 3.66 3.66 1.40 9.16
2017 3.74 3.74 1.42 9.34
2018 3.81 3.81 1.45 9.53
2019 3.89 3.89 1.48 9.72
2020 3.97 3.97 1.51 9.92
Source: Analysis.
2. Advertisement Fee
410. Lease amount fixed by the council for advertising on lamp posts and hoardings erected
within the Municipal limit are accounted in advertisement fee. In case of Tiruppur
Municipality average revenue generated through the advertisement fee is low (Rs.
1,74,600). Hence, there is a scope to increase the advertisement fee by extending the
coverage net. The following table (Table 9.15) presents detailed estimation of
advertisement fee for Tiruppur municipality. The total estimated advertisement fee is Rs.
9.50 lakh per annum with an annual increment of 2 percent on total advertisement fee
adopted to forecast the future revenue. This minimum increase is assumed to
accommodate increase in no of advertisement hoardings/ boards, which are going come in
138
future.
3. Conservancy Fee
411. Conservancy establishment cost work out to 62 percent of total establishment cost of
Tiruppur municipality. To meet at least a part of solid waste collection expenses
conservancy fee is introduced. It is proposed to cover at least 70 percent of the residential
properties and 100 percent of non domestic properties like hotels, lodges, commercial
establishments and etc, in the town. For residential, properties Rs. 15 per month and non
domestic properties Rs. 20 per month can be charged with a upward revision of 15 percent
every 3 years once from 2006-07 is proposed. Table 9.16 presents estimated additional
revenue mobilization through conservancy fee for Tiruppur municipality.
4. Summary
412. Summary of additional revenue mobilization through expenditure control measures and
additional revenue generations are presented in Table 9.17.
139
Table 9.15: Estimation of Advertisement fee

Description Unit Major Arterial Roads Other Roads Markets/ Bus stands Street Light poles
Average Size of Hoardings Sq.m 10.00 5.00 10.00

Average Rate/sq.m/half yearly Rupees 75.00 50.00 100.00 50.00
Total Length of Road Km 230
Length of Road % 20% 50% - -
Total Length of Road Km 46 115 - -
Spacing of Hoardings/Boards per km Nos 5 5 - -
Total no of Hoardings/Boards Nos 230 575 50.00 4,349
Total Revenue per annum Rs. Lakh 3.45 2.88 1.00 2.17
Source: Analysis.
Table 9.16: Estimation of Conservancy Fee

Description Coverage 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Domestic (No) 70% 47,001 48,880 50,836 52,361 53,932 55,550 57,216 58,933 60,701 62,522 64,085
Non Domestic
(No) 100% 5,968 6,207 6,455 6,649 6,848 7,054 7,266 7,484 7,708 7,939 8,138
Total Revenue
(Rs. Lakh) 126.32 142.52 153.79 194.85 205.13 213.50 257.60 269.12 279.08 332.43 345.30
Source: Analysis.
140
Table 9.17: Estimated additional revenue from expenditure control and resource mobilization
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Rs. Lakh
Expenditure Control Measures
Energy Saving – Street lights - 3.75 7.73 7.96 8.20 8.44 8.70 8.96 9.22 9.50 9.79 10.08
SWM - Privatization 12.5 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.7 29.2 30.9 32.8
Additional Resource Mobilization
Leases/Rentals from Assets 28.14 28.14 32.36 32.36 32.36 37.21 37.21 37.21 42.79 42.79 42.79 49.21
Parking Fee 7.67 7.82 7.97 8.13 8.30 8.46 8.63 8.80 8.98 9.16 9.34 9.53
Advertisement Fee 9.50 9.69 9.88 10.08 10.28 10.49 10.70 10.91 11.13 11.35 11.58 11.81
Conservancy Fee 126.32 142.52 153.79 194.85 205.13 213.50 257.60 269.12 279.08 332.43 345.30 356.22
Total Revenue 171.63 191.92 211.73 253.38 276.77 291.32 336.85 349.85 366.95 434.38 449.70 469.61
Source: Analysis.
141
X. FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN & CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN
A. Financial Sustainability
1. Financial Sustainability
413. Sustainability Analysis. The sustainability analysis assumes that the municipality will
carry out reforms indicated as assumptions for financial projections. A financial and
operating plan (FOP) prepared for Tiruppur Municipality then evaluates the municipal
fund status for the following scenarios:
(i) Base Case Scenario. In the base case scenario, the finances of the ULB are forecast
in a “do nothing” or “without project” scenario. Additional resources mobilized
through various initiatives like expenditure control through energy savings,
privatization etc. and further resources mobilized through introducing conservancy
fee, parking fee, remunerative assets lease/ rental value appreciation and extending
advertisement fee coverage are loaded on to the FOP. The revenue surplus thus
generated indicates the ULB’s capacity to service capital expenditure.
(ii) Full Project Scenario. The Full project investment scenario is based on
investments identified for Tiruppur municipality and the requirement for
upgrading the town’s infrastructure is estimated and phased based on the
construction activity and investment priority. Implications of this investment in
terms of external borrowings required, resultant debt service commitment, and
additional operation and maintenance expenditure are worked out to ascertain sub-
project cash flows. Revenue surpluses from the Base Case Scenario are applied to
sub-project cash flows emerging from full project investments – the municipal
fund net surpluses indicates the ULB’s ability to sustain full investments. FY 2020
is assumed as the reference year to determine the net surpluses and whether the
Municipality maintains a debt/revenue surplus ratio as an indication of the ULB’s
ability to sustain investments.
(iii) Sustainable Investment Scenario. The sustainable investment scenario is worked

out when the full project investment scenario indicates inability of the municipality
to sustain the full identified investment. In this case, the identified investment is
sized down to immediate felt need for the municipality to sustain on its own.
Implications of this investment in terms of external borrowings required, resultant
debt service commitment, and additional operation and maintenance expenditure
are worked out to ascertain sub-project cash flows. Revenue surpluses from the
Base Case Scenario are applied to sub-project cash flows emerging from
sustainable investments – the municipal fund net surpluses indicates the ULB’s
ability to sustain the investments. FY 2020 is assumed as the reference year to
determine the net surpluses and whether the Municipality maintains a debt/revenue
surplus ratio as an indication of the ULB’s ability to sustain investments. The
outcome of this scenario will give an indication of the actual level of investment
sustainable by the municipality without any additional external support.
142
2. Basic Assumptions for Projections
414. The FOP is based on a whole range of assumptions related to income and expenditure.
These are critical to ascertain the investment sustenance and would also provide a tool to
test certain specific policy decisions regarding revenue and expenditure drivers on the
overall municipal fiscal situation. This section elucidates the key assumption adopted for
the three FOP scenarios.
415. The FOP is a cash flow stream of the ULB based on the regular municipal revenues,
expenditures, and applicability of surplus funds to support project sustainability. The FOP
horizon is determined to assess the impact of full debt servicing liability resulting from the
borrowings to meet the identified interventions. The proposed capital investments are
phased over ten years investment from FY 2006-07 to 2015-16 implying that the last loan
draw down would occur in FY 2020-21. Considering a five-year moratorium period, the
debt servicing commitment will commence in the FY 2011-12 for the first phase (1st five
year) and 2016-17 for the second phase (2nd five year) of investment.
416. Revenue Income. The assumptions for forecasting revenue income comprise:
(i) Taxes and charges. In cases like property related taxes, water charges and
sewerage charges, where the base and basis of revenue realization are known and
predictable, the likely revenue is forecast based on certain assumptions regarding
growth in number of assessments, revision in ARV (in case of property-related
taxes), revision in charges/tariffs and improvement in collection efficiencies. The
assumptions with regards basis for forecasting revenue income of taxes and
charges are the same for base case and investments scenarios (full project as well
as sustainable project scenarios). However, the tax base (number of connections)
varies for the base, full project and sustainable investment scenarios, assuming that
the new investments in water supply and sewerage schemes will result in increased
coverage of the infrastructure systems. In the sustainable investment scenario, the
increase in tax base is scaled down pro rata with the scaled down (sustainable)
investment. Table 10.1, Table 10.2, Table 10.3 & Table 10.4 list the assumptions
adopted with regards forecasting income from property tax, water charges,
drainage charges and conservancy fee respectively under the three FOP scenarios.
The investment scenarios include both full project and sustainable investment
scenarios.
Table 10.1: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Property Tax
Base Case Investment
Description Current Level
Scenario Scenarios
Annual growth in number of
4.21% 4.00% 4.00%
assessments (%)
Average ARV per Property (Rs.
7,211 7,211 7,211
Per Annum)
Tax Rate (% of ARV) 100% 100% 100%
Periodic increase in ARV (%)
2006-07 - 30% 30%
2011-12 - 30% 30%
143

Scenario Scenarios
2016-17 - 30% 30%
Collection Performance (% of
Demand)
Arrears 40% 50% 50%
Current 89% 85% 85%
Table 10.2: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Water Charges
Scenario Scenarios
% water connections to property
77.98% 77.98% 100%
tax assessments
Monthly water charge per
connection (Rs.)
Domestic 50.00 50.00 50.00
Non Domestic 100.00 100.00 100.00
Industrial 200.00 200.00 200.00
Periodic revision in water charges
2006-07 - 15% 15%
2009-10 - 15% 15%
2011-12 - 15% 15%
2015-16 - 15% 15%
2018-19 - 15% 15%
Demand)
Arrears 23% 50% 50%
Current 52% 80% 80%
One time connection fee (Rs.)
Domestic 3,000 3,000 3,000
Non Domestic 5,000 5,000 5,000
Industrial 9,000 9,000 9,000
Periodic revision of one time
- 20%-3 yrs once 20%-3 yrs once
connection fee
Table 10.3: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Sewerage Charges
Scenario Scenarios
% Sewerage connections to PT
41% 41% 80%
assessments
Monthly sewerage charge per
connection (Rs.)
Domestic 100.00 100.00 100.00
Non Domestic 200.00 200.00 200.00
Industrial 200.00 200.00 200.00
Periodic revision in sewerage
charges
2006-07 - 15% 15%
2009-10 - 15% 15%
2011-12 - 15% 15%
2015-16 - 15% 15%
2018-19
144

Scenario Scenarios
Demand)
Arrears 0% 50% 50%
Current 0% 80% 80%
One time connection fee (Rs.)
Domestic 6,000 6,000 7,250
Non Domestic 10,000 10,000 12,000
Industrial 15,000 15,000 18,000
Periodic revision of one time 20 % - 3 yrs 20 % - 3 yrs
-
connection fee once once
Table 10.4: Key assumptions for forecasting income from Solid Waste conservancy fee
Scenario Scenarios
% Coverage to PT assessments
Domestic - - 70.00
Non Domestic - - 100.00
Monthly conservancy fee per PT
assessment (Rs.)
Domestic - - 20.00
Non Domestic - - 50.00
Periodic revision in conservancy
fee
2006-07 - - 15.00
2009-10 - - 15.00
2011-12 - - 15.00
2015-16 - - 15.00
2018-19 - - 15.00
Demand)
Arrears - - 50.00
Current - - 80.00
(ii) Other revenue income from own sources. All revenue income from own sources
other than property-related taxes, and water and sewerage charges, where the base
and basis is not clearly defined, are forecast based on the observed trend during the
assessment period (2000-01 to 2003-04), subject to minimum and maximum
annual growth rates of 5 percent and 20 percent, respectively. Though the income
from the license fees (like trade etc.,) trend witnessed a high growth trend, on a
conservative side 20 percent has been adopted.
145
Table 10.5: Key growth rate assumptions for income from other own sources
Description Current Level Assumption
Profession Tax 11.46 % 11.00 %
Other taxes & Charges -- 5.00 %
Income from Municipal Properties and Markets 16.69 % 17.00 %
License Income (Trade, etc.) 35.73 % 20.00 %
Income from Special Services 14.05 % 14.00 %
Income from Sale Proceeds 55.36 % 15.00 %
Income from Fees and Fines 33.15 % 15.00 %
Income from Interest on Deposits 35.57 % 6.00 %
Income from Investments(Excl. Interest) -- 5.00 %
Miscellaneous Income (14.36 %) 5.00 %
(iii) Assigned Revenue. Items of assigned revenue such as surcharge on stamp duty,
entertainment tax share, etc. are forecast based on the observed trend during the
assessment period (2001 to 2003-04), subject to minimum and maximum annual
growth rates of 5 percent and 15 percent, respectively. Entertainment tax observed
trend during the assessment period was negative growth rate, which attributes to
inconsistent transfer of ULB share during the review period. Hence, a nominal
growth rate of 5 percent assumed to forecast the revenue. In case of surcharge on
stamp duty witnessed a high growth rate of 22.40 percent during the review period,
which is very high. This high growth trend attributed to uneven transfers of stamp
duty to municipality. Considering high property value appreciation in the town a
maximum of 15 percent has been adopted to forecast the revenue.
Table 10.6: Key growth rate assumptions for income from assigned sources
Entertainment Tax (3.38 %) 5.00 %
Surcharge on Stamp Duty 22.40 % 15.00 %
Other Transfers 301.04 % 5.00 %
Total- Assigned Revenue 14.38 %
(iv) Grants and Contributions. Revenue income in the form of grants and contributions
are also forecast based on the observed trend during the review period (2000 - 01 to
2003-04), subject to minimum and maximum annual growth rates of 5 percent and
15 percent respectively. Although SFC devolution observed trend was negative,
due to inconsistent transfer of grant to ULB. Considering the states tax revenue
growth trend forecast, population growth trend and reforms measures initiated by
the municipality will fetch more devolution fund. In this perspective, a maximum
of 15 percent growth per annum adopted.
Table 10.7: Key growth rate assumptions for income from grants & contributions
State Finance Commission Grant 40.13 % 15.00 %
Other Grants (100.00 %) 5.00 %
Total- Grants & Contribution 39.96 %
146
(v) Additional Revenue Income due to Sub-Projects. The sub-projects – in case of

water and sewerage projects – are expected to fetch additional revenue by way of
increase in number of assessments and levy of user charges (in cases where a new
sewerage system is proposed). The sewerage charge is adopted as per Table 10.3
starting from 2007-08 and a revision of 15 percent is proposed every three years,
beginning from 2007-08. The additional revenue income due to water supply and
sewerage sub-projects is computed based on the proposed number of new
connections, proposed tariffs and assumed collection performance. In addition solid
waste conservancy fee also planned to levy on property assessments.
417. Revenue Expenditure. Key assumptions for forecasting revenue expenditure comprise:
(i) Expenditure on Municipal Services. Expenditure on municipal services including

general administration, revenue collection and service delivery are forecast based
on the observed trend during the assessment period (2000-01 to 2003-04), subject
to minimum and maximum annual growth rates of 5 percent and 20 percent,
respectively.
Table 10.8: Key growth rate assumptions for forecasting revenue expenditure
General Administration & revenue Collection
Staff Salary and Employee Related Expenses (1.48 %) 8.00%
Allowances to Elected Representatives (0.04 %) 5.00%
General Expenses (21.74 %) 5.00%
Pensions and Gratuities 7.13 % 5.00%
Education - Staff Salary -- 5.00%
Miscellaneous 7.58 % 7.50%
Total-General Admin. & Revenue Collection (1.14 %)
Municipal Services excl. W&D
General Expenses (7.60 %) 5.00%
Public Works and Roads 1.33 % 20.00%
Public Health and Conservancy 19.89 % 20.00%
Street Lighting (including Electricity Charges) 12.44 % 15.00%
Education 27.03 % 20.00%
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 3.23 % 5.00%
Miscellaneous (100.00 %) 5.00%
Total- Municipal Services excl. W&D 12.12 %
Table 10.9: Key growth rate assumptions for forecasting water supply revenue expenditure
Staff Salary & Employee Related Expenses (24.68 %) 8.00%
Administration Expenses (4.51 %) 5.00%
Equipment Maintenance & Repairs (21.75 %) 15.00%
Board Payment 16.48 % 20.00%
Electricity Charges 10.59 % 15.00%
Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs 7.66 % 10.00%
Miscellaneous 6.74 % 10.00%
Total- Water Supply & Drainage 7.48 %
(ii) Outstanding Non-debt liabilities. The outstanding non-debt liabilities like payments
147
due to employees, TNEB, TWAD, State Government cess, etc. are assumed to be
cleared in equal installments over a 5-year period from 2006-07 to 2010-11.
Wherever data was provided by the ULB, it was considered for preparing the FOP.
(iii) Outstanding Debt Liabilities. The outstanding debt liabilities are proposed for
clearance over a 10-year period beginning 2006-07 to 2016-17 with the furnished
interest rate adopted otherwise at a constant interest of 9.50 percent per annum was
assumed.
(iv) Additional O&M Expenditure due to Sub-Projects. While each sector identifies the
O&M costs applicable for asset maintenance (manpower, consumables, power
charges, etc.), a proportion of the capital cost was derived for projections. Table
10.10 presents the assumptions regarding O&M expenditure on new assets.
Table 10.10: Assumptions for O&M Expenditure

Sector As % of Capital Cost
Water Supply 6.00
Sewerage & Sanitation 4.00
Roads and Traffic Management 3.00
Storm Water Drainage 2.00
Solid Waste Management 10.00
Street Lighting 10.00
Others 2.00
(v) Additional Debt Servicing Expenditure due to Sustainable Investment. The loans
for the sustainable investments are assumed to spread over 20 years, carrying an
interest burden as indicated in Table 10.11, with a five year moratorium on interest
and principal repayment – interest during the moratorium period being capitalized.
Considering a five-year loan draw down schedule (2006-07 to 2010-11) and a 20-
year tenor, debt servicing will commence from 2011-12 for a period of 15 years.
According to the project implementation schedule, the loan drawn and repayment
schedule will differ.
Table 10.11: Proposed Financing Pattern

ULB +
Infrastructure Type Loan Grant Interest Rate
Consumer
Percentage
Water Supply 40 30 30 8.50
Sewerage & Sanitation 40 30 30 8.50
Roads and Traffic Management 60 30 10 8.50
Storm Water Drainage 60 30 10 8.50
Solid Waste Management 60 30 10 8.50
Street Lighting 40 30 30 8.50
Others 50 10 40 8.50
418. Capital Account. In case of capital account, only regular capital grant expected during the
forecast period based on past trend are considered in the base case scenario, as this
scenario is aimed at ascertaining the ULB’s capacity to generate internal resources that
would be leveraged to undertake identified sub-projects. In the identified investment and
sustainable investment scenarios, sub-project cash flows are loaded onto the FOP and their
148
impact on municipal finances in corresponding scenarios are tested. Key assumptions

regarding capital account are investment phasing and project financing/funding structures.
419. Capital Expenditure. The estimated expenditure for implementing sub-projects is phased
over a five-year period beginning 2006-07. Based on the above phasing the actual
investment requirement over the ten-year period is ascertained adopting a physical
contingency of seven percent and a price contingency of six percent per annum. Following
tables presents the base full project cost and implementation schedule.
Table 10.12: Summary of estimated investment requirement and phasing schedule

Total Investment Phasing (%)
Sector
Investment
Rs. Lakh 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Municipal Infrastructure
Water Supply 4,168 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Sewerage & Sanitation 8,567 15% 20% 20% 20% 25%
Roads 9,571 10% 10% 20% 30% 30%
Storm Water Drains 3,580 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Solid Waste Mgmt 2,200 20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Street Lighting 1,088 10% 10% 20% 30% 30%
Others 730 0% 20% 20% 30% 30%
Sub Total – ULB Investment 29,903
Other Agency Infrastructures
Traffic Management – Other
agency investment 16,688 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Sub Total –Other Agency
Investment 16,688
Grand Total Investment 46,591
Source: Analysis.
Table 10.13: Summary of phased investment in full project investment scenario

Total Investment Phasing – Rs. Lakh at Current Price
Sector
Investment
Rs. Lakh 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Water Supply 4,168 834 834 834 834 834
Sewerage & Sanitation 8,561 1,285 1,713 1,713 1,713 2,142
Roads 9,571 957 957 1,914 2,871 2,871
Storm Water Drains 3,580 358 537 716 895 1,074
Solid Waste Mgmt 2,200 440 440 440 440 440
Street Lighting 1,088 106 109 218 326 326
Others 730 - 146 146 219 219
Sub Total – ULB Investment 29,903 3,982 4,736 5,981 7,298 7,906
Other Agency Infrastructures
Traffic Management – Other
agency investment 16,688 1,669 2,503 3,338 4,172 5,006
Sub Total –Other Agency
Investment 16,688 1,669 2,503 3,338 4,172 5,006
Grand Total Investment 46,591 5,651 7,239 9,318 11,471 12,912
Source: Analysis.
420. Capital Income. Capital income is forecast based on actual requirement to meet proposed
149
capital expenditure.
Table 10.14: Financing pattern for proposed projects

Financial ULB Share
Governme Other
Sl Sector Institution
nt Grant Department
Loan
Percentage Share
1 Water Supply 30.00 40.00 30.00 -
2 Sewerage & Sanitation 30.00 40.00 30.00 -
Roads and Traffic
3
Management 30.00 60.00 10.00 -
4 Storm Water Drainage 30.00 60.00 10.00 -
Solid Waste
5
Management 30.00 60.00 10.00 -
6 Street Lighting 30.00 40.00 30.00 -
7 Others 10.00 50.00 40.00 -
Other Dept. Infrastructure
8 Traffic & Transportation - - - 100
Table 10.15: One-time charges for water & sewerage connections

Sl.No Description Water Supply Sewerage
1 Domestic 3,000 6,000
2 Non Domestic 5,000 10,000
3 Industrial 9,000 15,000
421. In summary, the following key assumptions were made while preparing the cash flows:
(i) Revenue Income .
a. Property Tax: Projected based on ARV per property; number of assessments

to grow at a nominal 4 percent per annum; ARV for all properties revised
once in 5 years beginning 2006-07 at 30 percent; and collection performance
assumed at 50 percent against arrears demand and 80 percent against current
demand.
b. Water Charges: At a nominal 4 percent per annum (proportionate to

property tax assessment growth rate) regular connections are envisaged in
the base case scenario and increase in water connections is a result of the
availability of additional water for distribution – it is assumed that 100
percent of the property tax connections would have water connections by FY
2011; the current rate of water charge is maintained till 2005-06, and from
2006-07 a 15 percent increase is assumed every 3 years; collection
performance is assumed at 50 percent against arrears demand and 80 percent
against current demand; and new (one-time) connection charges are
collected as per the current rate till 2005-06, and from 2006-07 a 20 percent
increase in every 3 years.
c. Sewerage Charges: No new connections envisaged in base case scenario and

sewer connections are provided under the Project – it is assumed that 100
150
percent of the property tax connections would have water connections by FY

2014; monthly flat rate of Rs. 50, Rs, 200 & Rs. 200 per connection for
domestic, non domestic and industrial connections respectively, it is
assumed for sewerage charge starts from 2007-08, and from then on a 15
percent increase is assumed every 3 years; collection performance is
assumed at 50 percent against arrears demand and 80 percent against current
demand; and new (one-time) connection charges are adopted as per Table
10.3.
d. Conservancy Fee: In base case scenario and investment scenarios, it is

assumed that 70 percent of the residential property tax assessments and 100
percent of non domestic property assessments would have to be brought
under the conservancy fee coverage net. Monthly conservancy fee of Rs. 15
& Rs, 20 per property assessment s has been proposed for residential and
non domestic properties respectively. It is assumed for conservancy fee
starts from 2006-07, and from then on a 15 percent increase is assumed
every 3 years; collection performance is assumed at 50 percent against
arrears demand and 80 percent against current demand.
e. All other revenue income items. (including municipal own sources, grants
and assigned revenues): past trend is adopted, subject to minimum and
maximum ceilings of 5 and 20 percent per annum, respectively.
(ii) Revenue Expenditure.
a. Past trend is adopted, subject to minimum and maximum ceilings of 5 and

20 percent per annum, respectively.
b. Additional O&M expenditure is estimated based on ascertained percentages
of capital costs.
c. All outstanding non-debt liabilities are to be cleared off in the next 5 years.
d. All outstanding debt liabilities are to be cleared off in the next 10 years at an
interest rate provided by the ULB, otherwise at an average interest rate of
9.50 percent.
e. New loans are to be serviced over a 20-year tenor (including a five-year
principal plus interest moratorium) at interest rates indicated in Table 10.11.
(iii) Capital Expenditure.
a. Capital expenditure is forecast based on the identified investments.

b. The base costs estimated are at 2005-06 prices, which are then indexed by 7
percent for physical contingencies, and 6 percent for price contingencies.
(iv) Capital Income.
160. Based on the past trend regular capital grants are estimated.
161. Capital income is ascertained based on assumed project financing patterns
as detailed in Table 10.11.
151
3. Project Cash Flows and FOP Results
422. The base case scenario is worked out considering only the revenue account transactions to
assess the municipal capacity to generate revenue surpluses that could be leveraged to
undertake capital investments. Detailed cash flows are worked out for each of the sub-
projects based on the assumptions with regards investment phasing, financing pattern,
additional O&M expenditure and additional income due to proposed capital investments,
for the Full Project scenarios and Sustainable investment scenarios. The net project cash
flows are then loaded onto the base case scenario to test their impact on the overall
municipal fiscal situation.
423. Base Case Scenario. The base case scenario results indicate that under the past-trend based
assumptions adopted, Tiruppur Municipality would end up with a positive cumulative
surplus of Rs. 80,399 Lakh by the end of FY 2019-20 (refer Table 10.17). With reforms
and additional resource mobilization initiatives like energy saving in street lighting and
privatization of solid waste management activity and parking fee, levying of new charges
like conservancy fee municipality can reach above said cumulative surplus. Base case with
out reforms and with out additional resource mobilization initiatives municipality would
end up with a positive closing balance of Rs. 79,236 Lakh.
Figure 10.1: Full Project Funding Strategy

(i) Full Project Sustenance
Scenario. Table 10.18 Equity
presents a summary of total 20%
project cash flows due to the
full project scenario. Detailed Grant
sub-project cash flows are 30%
presented in Appendix I.
Tiruppur municipality would
accumulate a negative
closing balance of Rs. 30,976
lakh by the end of 2019-20
due exclusively to the full
project investment. The total
net project cash flows due to
full project when loaded onto
the base case Scenario FOP
indicate that Tiruppur
Loan
municipality would end up
50%
with a positive closing
balance by the FOP horizon year 2019-20 and debt servicing ratio maintained below 30
percent during the entire forecast period. Project funding option is presented in Table
10.16 and the same is given in the chart. It is work out on an average about 50 percent of
the total project cost is estimated to draw from financial institutions as loan, 20 percent as
ULB/beneficiaries contribution and about 30 percent of the total project cost as
subsidy/grant. Table 10.17 presents a summary of the municipal fiscal status in the Full
Project scenario.
152
424. The sustainable project (municipal share) investment proposed for Tiruppur is to the tune
of Rs. 14,841 Lakh, out of which 58 percent for sewerage and sanitation and 18 percent
for water supply improvement and augmentation work.
Table 10.16: Sustainable Project funding option- Base cost

ULB
Sectors Loan Grant /Beneficiaries Total
Contribution
Rs. Lakh
Water Supply 1,083.56 812.67 812.67 2,708.91
Sewerage & Sanitation 3,426.82 2,570.11 2,570.11 8,567.05
Road and Traffic
861.38 143.56 430.69
Management 1,435.63
Storm Water Drainage 322.23 53.71 161.12 537.05
Solid Waste Management 791.86 131.98 395.93 1,319.76
Street Lighting 65.25 48.94 48.94 163.13
Others 54.75 43.80 10.95 109.50
Total 6,605.85 3,804.77 4,430.41 14,841.02
Source: Analysis.
425. For the sustainability of the project investment for any town, priority importance is given
to environmental infrastructure projects comprising of Sewerage and sanitation, solid
waste management and water supply system and this is also based on the public
consultation. The investment requirements are based on the minimum requirement for the
town. Since health is a major issue, 100 percent of the required investment is proposed for
sewerage and sanitation. Like wise for water supply and solid waste management 65
percent of the total investment is proposed. The remaining investment for water supply
comprises of laying of distribution network in outer areas and these can be implemented in
later stage.
153
Table 10.17: Financial Operating Plan Results - Tiruppur Municipality

Item Heads 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rs. Lakh
Base Case - Municipal Fund
Opening Balance 2,221 4,650 7,424 10,431 13,651 17,178 20,908 25,467 30,514 35,822 41,375 47,434 55,110 63,092 71,635
Revenue Income* 4,557 5,649 6,183 6,740 7,452 8,112 9,452 10,571 11,569 12,665 14,162 16,452 18,127 20,300 22,416
Additional Revenue 0 45 49 58 59 72 78 79 81 88 102 104 113 116 119
Mobilization**
Total Revenue Income 4,557 5,694 6,232 6,798 7,510 8,184 9,530 10,650 11,650 12,753 14,264 16,557 18,240 20,416 22,535
Revenue Expenditure 2,128 2,920 3,225 3,577 3,983 4,454 4,971 5,604 6,341 7,201 8,205 8,881 10,258 11,873 13,771
Status 2,429 2,774 3,007 3,220 3,527 3,730 4,559 5,046 5,309 5,553 6,059 7,676 7,983 8,543 8,764
Closing Balance 4,650 7,424 10,431 13,651 17,178 20,908 25,467 30,514 35,822 41,375 47,434 55,110 63,092 71,635 80,399
Project Account – Sustainable Project Scenario
Total Net Project Cash Flow 0 (674) (562) (1,023) (1,528) (2,786) (3,178) (2,686) (2,011) (2,564) (2,996) (3,459) (3,974) (4,252) (4,568)
(after deducting ULB equity
from cash flow)
Overall Closing Balance 4,650 6,750 9,869 12,628 15,649 18,122 22,289 27,827 33,811 38,811 44,438 51,650 59,118 67,383 75,831
Financial Viability Ratios
Full Project Investment
Scenario
Debt Equity Ratio- New 2.30 1.18 1.66 1.81 1.93 - - - - - - - - -
Projects
Operating Ratio (<1) 0.59 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.81 0.84 0.77 0.77 0.86 0.85 0.78 0.80 0.79 0.81
DSR (Max. 30%) 13% 16% 19% 22% 26% 24% 22% 21% 20% 19% 14% 13% 11% 10%
Source: Analysis.
Note: * including projected regular capital grants and with out project scenario regular connection deposit fee.
** excluding conservancy fee, since it is loaded on to the SWM sub project cash flow.
154
Table 10.18: Summary of Sustainable Project Cash Flow.

Description 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Rs. Lakh
Full Sub Project Cash Flow
1 Water Supply (32) (109) (202) (348) (425) (907) (1,379) (1,865) (2,368) (2,863) (3,380) (3,920) (4,453) (5,008)
2 Sewerage (50) 975 1,581 2,346 2,657 2,929 4,059 5,408 5,576 5,849 6,116 6,360 6,760 7,144
Roads and Traffic
3 Management (56) (203) (509) (1,084) (1,985) (3,045) (4,153) (5,338) (6,631) (8,038) (9,475) (10,944) (12,447) (13,987)
4 Storm Water Drainage (21) (83) (204) (404) (707) (1,052) (1,417) (1,807) (2,230) (2,691) (3,159) (3,636) (4,122) (4,616)
Solid Waste
5 Management 101 141 108 25 (147) (396) (631) (887) (1,165) (1,425) (1,696) (1,981) (2,201) (2,429)
6 Street Lighting (4) (25) (69) (157) (306) (509) (723) (950) (1,193) (1,454) (1,726) (2,011) (2,309) (2,620)
7 Others - (7) (26) (61) (115) (170) (229) (292) (343) (401) (461) (522) (584) (647)
Total Sub Project CF (62) 689 679 316 (1,029) (3,150) (4,473) (5,731) (8,355) (11,023) (13,782) (16,653) (19,355) (22,164)
Total Full Project Cash Flow
Opening Balance - 26 1,053 1,590 2,179 2,276 1,883 2,376 3,050 2,498 2,066 1,602 1,088 810
A Sources of Fund
1 Debt Drawdown 915 998 1,095 1,354 - - - - - - - - - -
2 Equity Drawdown 1,501 1,733 1,996 2,392 - - - - - - - - - -
3 Govt. Grant 1,027 1,163 1,312 1,592 - - - - - - - - - -
4 User Charges 312 464 722 879 995 1,355 1,593 1,653 1,916 1,967 2,000 2,319 2,374 2,406
5 New Connection Fees 1,080 762 930 722 490 1,121 1,183 23 29 25 26 32 33 -
Total- Inflow 4,835 5,120 6,055 6,939 1,485 2,476 2,776 1,677 1,945 1,993 2,026 2,351 2,407 2,406
B Disposition of Funds
1 Project Capex 3,443 3,894 4,403 5,338 - - - - - - - - - -
2 O&M 137 313 518 756 1,045 1,108 1,174 1,245 1,319 1,399 1,482 1,571 1,666 1,766
3 Debt Servicing - - - - 832 876 927 984 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,058 1,058
4 IDC - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total- Outflow 228 376 545 749 - - - - - - - - - -
Net Cash Flow - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Closing Balance 3,808 4,583 5,466 6,842 1,877 1,983 2,101 2,229 2,377 2,456 2,540 2,629 2,723 2,823
155
B. The Business Plan Investment Components
426. The phasing/ scheduling of investments have been carried out through an iterative process
and the principles of phasing have taken into account:
• Priority needs, with developed areas getting priority over future development areas,
• Inter- and intra service linkages, viz. Water supply investments shall be
complemented by corresponding sewerage/ sanitation improvements,
• Size and duration of the requirements, including preparation and implementation
period,
• Project linked revenue implications, such as installing house connections where
supply and distribution capacities have been increased.
427. The Capital Improvement Program involved the identification of public capital facilities to
cater to the demand of the town populace by the year 2026 and was phased into the
following stages.
1. Infrastructure Development
Water Supply
428.. Water Supply. The capital costs estimated for the proposed interventions are to the tune of
Rs. 2708.91 lakh. This is worked out based on the base costs estimated in 2005. The
proposed identified components are provision of source development, augmentation of
water treatment plant, augmentation of storage capacity to meet the future storage
requirement, extension of distribution network to cover uncovered areas in the town and
its road restoration cost. The CIP for the Water supply sector is based on the requirements
and demand for the year 2026. The phasing of the investment is presented in the Table
10.19.
Table 10.19: Investment Phasing for the Water Supply Sector

Component 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total
Rs. Lakhs
Distribution Network 339.2 292.8 632.0
Augmentation of 410.2 410.2 510.6 1,331.0
Headwork
Storage Reservoir 205.36 301.04 506.4
Water Treatment Plant 118.71 120.8 239.5
Total 544.56 593.84 410.2 528.91 631.4 2708.91
Source: Analysis
156
Sewerage and Sanitation
429. An investment of Rs. 8,567.05 lakh (base cost) for provision of under ground drainage
system is envisaged. The investment in extension of sewer network to cover the unserved
areas and public conveniences for slums in the town is proposed for next 5 year starting
from 2006-07 to 2010-11. To meet the future requirement additional treatment capacity is
proposed to invest during 2008-09 to 2010-11. The capital investment proposed is
Table 10.20: Investment Phasing for the Sewerage and Sanitation

Component 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Rs. Lakh
UGD for unsewered
areas* 477.93 843.41 1,124.54 1,405.68 1,771.15
Pumping capacity
augmentation 65.60 98.40
Treatment capacity
augmentation 147.63 73.82 270.66
Public Conveniences for
slums 800.91 800.91 343.25 228.83 114.42
Total 1,278.83 1,709.91 1,713.82 1,708.32 2,156.22
Source : Analysis
Roads & Traffic and Transportation
430. Rs. 9,570.86 lakh capital investment is proposed for up-gradation of existing roads to BT
surfacing, strengthening of internal roads and new formation of roads at recently
developing areas. Under traffic and transportation component improvement to junctions at
critical locations, improvement to bus route roads and link roads, footpaths cum service
ducts etc are proposed to provide better transportation network and safety measures to the
users. The details of sustainable investment phasing is summarised in Table 10.21.
Table 10.21: Investment Phasing for the Road improvement and traffic management
Component 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total
Roads Rs. Lakh
Black Top 360.0 360.0 720.0
Traffic & Transportation
Junction Improvements 19.0 19.0
Footpaths cum Service Ducts 64.5 150.0 150.0 364.5
Traffic Signages lane
marking and other
Miscellaneous items 45.0 45.0 90.0
LCV Parking facility 30.0 20.0 50.0
Storm Water drain and cross
ducting 38.4 96.1 57.6 192.1
Total 109.5 252.4 636.1 437.6 1,435.6
Source : Analysis
157
Storm Water Drainage & Natural Drains
431. The total capital investment proposed in this sector is Rs.537 lakh. The investments are in
line with up-gradation and new formation of drains. The components involved in this
sector are rehabilitation of existing storm water drains and new formation of closed drains.
Priority is given for rehabilitation of existing storm water drains and desilting &
strengthening of primary drains. The sustainable investment phasing for storm water
drains is presented in Table 10.22.
Table 10.22: Investment Phasing for Storm Water Drains

Component 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total
Rs. Lakh
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation of Existing
Storm Water Drains 80.0 77.0 157.0
Formation of New Drains
New Pucca Closed Drains 140.0 134.0 274.0
Primary Drains
Desilting & Strengthening of
Primary Drains 53.0 53.0 106.0
Total 273.0 264.0 - - 537.0
Source : Analysis
Solid Waste Management
432. The total sustainable investment for this sector is Rs. 791.86 lakh. The requirements at the
disposal site are planned for the horizon year 2026. In addition, the other components of
primary and secondary collection are planned for the immediate requirements and demand.
The primary and secondary collection equipments are planned to procure during the first
year of the investment plan. IEC activities are also proposed to take up in 2006-07 itself to
educate the public about importance of the source segregation, recycle and reuse of solid
waste. The landfill development and compost development are the components identified
in 2006-11. The sustainable for solid waste management sector is presented in Table
10.23.
158
Table 10.23: Investment Phasing for the Solid Waste Management Sector
Component 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Total
Rs.Lakh
New Infrastructure
Waste Collection and - -
Transportation Equipment 46 46
Tri-cycles (with 6 Bins Each) 22 - - 22
Push Carts 42 - - 42
Dumper Bins (7 cum) 140 - - 140
Dumper Placers 46 - - 46
Compost Plant Development
and Sanitary Landfill Site
Development
Compost Yard 158 236 81.6 475.8
IEC Activities 20 - - 20.0
Total 428 442 434 791.86
Source : Analysis
Street Lighting
433. Rs. 163.13 lakh is identified for the provision of streetlights in the town, which includes
replacement of existing conventional tube lights to retrofit lights to save energy. The
sustainable investment for Street lighting is presented in Table 10.24.
Table 10.24: Investment Phasing for the Street Lighting Sector

Fixture 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total
Rs. Lakh
Distribution by Type (For
New Formation of Roads)
Retrofit Tube Light 25 25 25 25 100
Power Saver Equipments
Power Saver Switches 10 10
Replacement of existing tube 15 15 15 8.13 15
lights with retrofits
Total 50 40 40 33.13 163.13
Source : Analysis
Other Identified Projects
434. A total sustainable investment of Rs. 109.5 lakh is identified for funding various other
projects as identified by the municipality in the end. These investments are towards
development of parks and play ground, and GIS data base development. The proposed
sustainable investment for other components are presented in Table 10.25.
159
Table 10.25: Investment Phasing for other components

Component 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Total
Rs. Lakh
Parks and Play Grounds - 15.0 15.0 30.0
GIS - 40.0 39.5 79.5
Total - 55.0 54.5 109.5
Source : Analysis
Summary
435. The total estimated sustainable base cost of projects for all the sector is Rs. 31,529.33 lakh
out which Rs. 14,841.02 lakh is proposed for municipal infrastructure investment. The
summary of sustainable investments are in the following Table 10.26.
Table 10.26: Component wise Sustainable Investments

Sector Capital Expenditure
Municipal Infrastructure Rs. Lakh
Water Supply & Rejuvenation of Lakes 2,708.91
Sewerage & Sanitation including slums 8,567.05
Roads & Traffic and Transportation 1,435.63
Storm Water Drains & Desilting of Natural Drains 537.05
Solid Waste Management 1,319.76
Street Lighting 163.13
Others 109.50
Sub-total (Municipal Infrastructure) 14,841.02
Non-Municipal Infrastructure
Traffic & Transportation (Other agency) 16,688.31
Grand Total 31,529.33
Source : Analysis
160
Business Plan - Tiruppur Municipality Appendix I
17- Tiruppur Municipality - Abstract of Accounts 1- Income and Expenditure Statement
Head of Account 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Rs. Lakh
Opening Balance
REVENUE ACCOUNT
I Revenue Income
A Tax- Own Sources
1 Property Tax (General Purpose) - 35% of Total PT 413.86 436.77 450.09 477.61
2 Property Tax (Education Purpose) - 5% of Total PT 55.18 58.24 60.01 63.68
3 Profession Tax 41.05 40.04 56.03 56.84
4 Other Taxes & Charges - - - -
Tax- Own Sources 510.09 535.04 566.14 598.13
B Assigned Revenues
1 Entertainment Tax 157.15 35.42 256.95 141.75
2 Surcharge on Stamp Duty 271.25 90.60 1,014.95 497.37
3 Other Transfers - 0.12 4.87 1.93
Assigned Revenues 428.41 126.14 1,276.77 641.05
C Non Tax- Own Sources

1 Income from Municipal Properties and Markets 169.12 239.65 245.86 268.73
2 License Income (Trade, etc.) 33.46 30.62 41.78 83.68
3 Income from Special Services 0.20 0.42 0.16 0.29
4 Income from Sale Proceeds 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.03
5 Income from Fees and Fines 22.04 48.05 177.22 52.03
6 Income from Interest on Deposits 13.69 23.33 26.50 34.12
7 Income from Investments(Excl. Interest) - - - -
8 Miscellaneous Income 184.90 135.40 289.02 116.15
Non Tax- Own Sources 423.42 477.54 780.55 555.03
D Revenue Grants
1 State Finance Commission Grant 197.86 219.93 702.79 544.50
2 Other Grants 0.72 7.17 - -
Revenue Grants 198.58 227.10 702.79 544.50
Total- Revenue Income (Excl. W&D Fund) 1,560.51 1,365.82 3,326.25 2,338.71
E Water and Drainage Fund

1 Water & Drainage Tax - 60% of Total PT 708.17 747.36 770.16 817.25
2 Water Charges 223.64 248.04 297.71 375.02
3 Drainage Charges - - - -
5 Water Supply & Sanitation Grant - - 140.17 -
6 Other Income - - - -
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Income 940.23 999.23 1,209.52 1,204.03
Total- Revenue Income 2,500.74 2,365.05 4,535.76 3,542.74
Abstract of Accounts 1/16 WSAPL

Head of Account 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Rs. Lakh
II Revenue Expenditure
A General Administration
1 Staff Salary and Employee Related Expenses 660.56 694.18 676.88 631.67
2 Allowances to Elected Representatives 1.87 1.72 1.87 1.87
3 General Expenses 36.40 27.91 52.02 17.45
4 Pensions and Gratuities 81.09 86.28 134.81 99.71
5 Education - Staff Salary - - - -
6 Miscellaneous 9.99 4.88 9.62 12.44
Establishment 789.91 814.97 875.19 763.14
B Operation & Maintenance

1 General Expenses 9.99 8.95 3.64 7.88
2 Public Works and Roads 33.42 35.44 38.41 34.77
3 Public Health and Conservancy 81.98 73.10 81.94 141.28
4 Contractor Payment- Conservancy - - - -
5 Street Lighting (including Electricity Charges) 77.83 96.43 138.41 110.65
6 Education 0.38 0.63 0.91 0.78
7 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 17.52 18.35 23.42 19.27
8 Miscellaneous 2.10 0.77 11.82 -
C Debt Servicing
1 Public Works and Roads - - - 36.14
2 Public Health and Conservancy - - - -
3 Others 103.19 133.07 115.60 199.81
Debt Servicing 103.19 133.07 115.60 235.96
Total- Revenue Expenditure (Excl. W&D Fund) 1,116.32 1,181.71 1,289.34 1,313.73
D Water and Sanitation Fund

1 Staff Salary & Employee Related Expenses 88.67 53.67 50.65 37.89
2 Administration Expenses 2.86 2.90 2.25 2.49
3 Equipment Maintenance & Repairs 17.91 19.15 33.27 8.58
4 Board Payment 232.40 297.55 335.22 367.24
5 Electricity Charges 94.69 102.07 145.27 128.06
6 Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs 7.28 6.86 9.19 9.09
7 Miscellaneous 88.99 97.68 112.17 108.23
8 Debt Servicing- Old 322.18 50.00 113.78 800.00
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Expenditure 854.98 629.88 801.79 1,461.58
Total- Revenue Expenditure 1,971.30 1,811.59 2,091.14 2,775.31
Operating Surplus (W&D Revenue Fund) 85.26 369.35 407.73 (257.55)

Operating Surplus (Revenue Account) 529.44 553.46 2,444.63 767.43
Closing Balance-(Revenue Account) 529.44 1,082.90 3,527.52 4,294.96
Transfer to Capital Account - 1,060.81 - 2,572.83

Head of Account 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Rs. Lakh
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
III Capital Income
A Capital Loans
1 Public Works and Roads - - - -
2 Street Lighting - - - -
3 Public Health & Conservancy - - - -
4 Education - - - -
5 Others 150.00 33.02 - 474.07
Capital Loans 150.00 33.02 - 474.07
B Capital Grants and Contribution

1 Public Works and Roads - - - -
2 Education 13.12 18.52 31.52 -
3 Others 302.48 109.86 509.80 142.72
4 Tenth/Eleventh Finance Commission Grants - - - -
C Own Sources
1 Transfer from Revenue Account - 1,060.81 - 2,572.83
2 Sale of Municipal Property - 7.79 - -
Own Sources- Capital - 1,068.60 - 2,572.83
Total- Capital Income 465.60 1,230.00 541.32 3,189.62
Water and Drainage Fund

D Capital Loans
1 Water Supply - - - -
2 Sewerage & Sanitation - - - -
Capital Loans W&D Fund - - - -
E Capital Grants and Contribution

1 Water Supply 11.64 22.77 12.14 0.50
2 Sewerage & Sanitation - - - -
W&D -Capital Grants and Contribution 11.64 22.77 12.14 0.50
F Own Sources
1 Water Connection Charge 70.43 8.19 7.25 6.36
2 Sewerage Connection Charge 10.81 - 131.52 -
W&D Own Sources- Capital 81.24 8.19 138.77 6.36
Total W&D Fund- Capital Income 92.88 30.96 150.91 6.86
Total- Capital Income 558.48 1,260.96 692.23 3,196.48
IV Capital Expenditure
1 General 153.73 7.97 146.44 117.30
2 Remunerative Schemes - - - -
3 Public Works and Roads 1,008.92 466.31 254.26 637.44
4 Street Lighting 53.89 - 54.81 54.81
5 Public Health & Conservancy 55.91 7.63 7.30 147.87
6 Education 17.98 21.02 19.37 13.94
7 Others - - 11.91 -
Total - Capital Expenditure Excl W&D Fund 1,290.44 502.93 494.09 971.36

8 Water Supply 29.58 45.44 142.46 322.24
9 Sewerage & Sanitation 1,047.88 247.15 486.91 378.44
Total W&D Fund- Capital Expenditure 1,077.46 292.59 629.37 700.68
Total - Capital Expenditure 2,367.90 795.52 1,123.46 1,672.04
Operating Surplus (W&D Capital Account) (984.58) (261.63) (478.46) (693.82)

Operating Surplus (Capital Account) (1,809.42) 465.44 (431.23) 1,524.44
Operating Surplus (Over all excluding Revenue t (1,279.98) (41.91) 2,013.40 (280.95)

Head of Account 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04

Rs. Lakh
EXTRAORDINARY ACCOUNT
V EA Income
1 Cash at Bank/ in Hand 332.91 - 1,094.29 -
2 Cess Income 17.38 81.91 - 57.30
3 Cash Deposit 45.74 - 47.60 -
4 Staff Advance - 9.56 - 10.13
5 Security Deposit 169.91 - 66.65 -
6 Miscellaneous - - - -
Total- EA Income 565.94 91.47 1,208.54 67.43
VI EA Expenditure
1 Cess Transfers - 68.49 - 35.00
2 Other- Deposits - 19.71 - 48.42
3 PF and Pension - 100.81 - 46.60
4 Miscellaneous 9.94 10.07 916.23 9.62
Total- EA Expenditure 9.94 199.08 916.23 139.64
Operating Surplus (Extraordinary Account) 556.00 (107.61) 292.31 (72.21)
Closing Balance (excl O/B) (723.98) (149.52) 2,305.71 (353.16)

17- Tiruppur Municipality - Abstract of Accounts 2- Income and Expenditure -Sect
Head of Account 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average

Percentage to Tota
Opening Balance
REVENUE ACCOUNT
I Revenue Income
A Tax- Own Sources
1 Property Tax (General Purpose) - 35% of Total PT 26.52 31.98 13.53 20.42 23.11
2 Property Tax (Education Purpose) - 5% of Total PT 3.54 4.26 1.80 2.72 3.08
3 Profession Tax 2.63 2.93 1.68 2.43 2.42
4 Other Taxes & Charges - - - - --
Tax- Own Sources 32.69 39.17 17.02 25.58 28.61
B Assigned Revenues
1 Entertainment Tax 10.07 2.59 7.72 6.06 6.61
2 Surcharge on Stamp Duty 17.38 6.63 30.51 21.27 18.95
3 Other Transfers - 0.01 0.15 0.08 0.06
Assigned Revenues 27.45 9.24 38.38 27.41 25.62

1 Income from Municipal Properties and Markets 10.84 17.55 7.39 11.49 11.82
2 License Income (Trade, etc.) 2.14 2.24 1.26 3.58 2.31
3 Income from Special Services 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.02
4 Income from Sale Proceeds 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 Income from Fees and Fines 1.41 3.52 5.33 2.22 3.12
6 Income from Interest on Deposits 0.88 1.71 0.80 1.46 1.21
7 Income from Investments(Excl. Interest) - - - - --
8 Miscellaneous Income 11.85 9.91 8.69 4.97 8.85
Non Tax- Own Sources 27.13 34.96 23.47 23.73 27.32
D Revenue Grants
1 State Finance Commission Grant 12.68 16.10 21.13 23.28 18.30
2 Other Grants 0.05 0.52 - - 0.14
Revenue Grants 12.73 16.63 21.13 23.28 18.44
Total- Revenue Income (Excl. W&D Fund) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1 Water & Drainage Tax - 60% of Total PT 75.32 74.79 63.68 67.88 70.42
2 Water Charges 23.79 24.82 24.61 31.15 26.09
3 Drainage Charges - - - - --
4 Income from Interest on Deposits 0.90 0.38 0.12 0.98 0.59
5 Water Supply & Sanitation Grant - - 11.59 - 2.90
6 Other Income - - - - --
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Total- Revenue Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00


Percentage to Tota
1 Staff Salary and Employee Related Expenses 59.17 58.74 52.50 48.08 54.62
2 Allowances to Elected Representatives 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15
3 General Expenses 3.26 2.36 4.03 1.33 2.75
4 Pensions and Gratuities 7.26 7.30 10.46 7.59 8.15
5 Education - Staff Salary - - - - --
6 Miscellaneous 0.89 0.41 0.75 0.95 0.75
Establishment 70.76 68.97 67.88 58.09 66.42

1 General Expenses 0.89 0.76 0.28 0.60 0.63
2 Public Works and Roads 2.99 3.00 2.98 2.65 2.90
3 Public Health and Conservancy 7.34 6.19 6.35 10.75 7.66
4 Contractor Payment- Conservancy - - - - --
5 Street Lighting (including Electricity Charges) 6.97 8.16 10.73 8.42 8.57
6 Education 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.05
7 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 1.57 1.55 1.82 1.47 1.60
8 Miscellaneous 0.19 0.07 0.92 - 0.29
Operation & Maintenance 20.00 19.77 23.16 23.95 21.72
C Debt Servicing
1 Public Works and Roads - - - 2.75 0.69
2 Public Health and Conservancy - - - - --
3 Others 9.24 11.26 8.97 15.21 11.17
Debt Servicing 9.24 11.26 8.97 17.96 11.86
Total- Revenue Expenditure (Excl. W&D Fund) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

1 Staff Salary & Employee Related Expenses 10.37 8.52 6.32 2.59 6.95
2 Administration Expenses 0.33 0.46 0.28 0.17 0.31
3 Equipment Maintenance & Repairs 2.09 3.04 4.15 0.59 2.47
4 Board Payment 27.18 47.24 41.81 25.13 35.34
5 Electricity Charges 11.08 16.20 18.12 8.76 13.54
6 Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs 0.85 1.09 1.15 0.62 0.93
7 Miscellaneous 10.41 15.51 13.99 7.41 11.83
8 Debt Servicing- Old 37.68 7.94 14.19 54.74 28.64
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Expenditure 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Total- Revenue Expenditure 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Operating Surplus (W&D Revenue Fund)

Operating Surplus (Revenue Account)
Closing Balance-(Revenue Account)
Transfer to Capital Account


Percentage to Tota
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
III Capital Income
A Capital Loans
1 Public Works and Roads - - - - --
2 Street Lighting - - - - --
3 Public Health & Conservancy - - - - --
4 Education - - - - --
5 Others 32.22 2.68 - 14.86 12.44
Capital Loans 32.22 2.68 - 14.86 12.44

1 Public Works and Roads - - - - --
2 Education 2.82 1.51 5.82 - 2.54
3 Others 64.97 8.93 94.18 4.47 43.14
4 Tenth/Eleventh Finance Commission Grants - - - - --
Capital Grants and Contribution 67.78 10.44 100.00 4.47 45.67
C Own Sources
1 Transfer from Revenue Account - 86.24 - 80.66 41.73
2 Sale of Municipal Property - 0.63 - - 0.16
Own Sources- Capital - 86.88 - 80.66 41.89
Total- Capital Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

D Capital Loans
1 Water Supply - - - - --
2 Sewerage & Sanitation - - - - --
Capital Loans W&D Fund - - - - --

1 Water Supply 12.53 73.55 8.05 7.29 25.35
2 Sewerage & Sanitation - - - - --
W&D -Capital Grants and Contribution 12.53 73.55 8.05 7.29 25.35
F Own Sources
1 Water Connection Charge 75.83 26.45 4.81 92.71 49.95
2 Sewerage Connection Charge 11.63 - 87.15 - 24.70
W&D Own Sources- Capital 87.47 26.45 91.95 92.71 74.65
Total W&D Fund- Capital Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Total- Capital Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
1 General 11.91 1.58 29.64 12.08 13.80
2 Remunerative Schemes - - - - --
3 Public Works and Roads 78.18 92.72 51.46 65.62 72.00
4 Street Lighting 4.18 - 11.09 5.64 5.23
5 Public Health & Conservancy 4.33 1.52 1.48 15.22 5.64
6 Education 1.39 4.18 3.92 1.43 2.73
7 Others - - 2.41 - 0.60
Total - Capital Expenditure Excl W&D Fund 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

8 Water Supply 2.75 15.53 22.63 45.99 21.73
9 Sewerage & Sanitation 97.25 84.47 77.37 54.01 78.27
Total W&D Fund- Capital Expenditure 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Total - Capital Expenditure 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Operating Surplus (W&D Capital Account)

Operating Surplus (Capital Account)
Operating Surplus (Over all excluding Revenue t


Percentage to Tota
V EA Income
1 Cash at Bank/ in Hand 58.82 - 90.55 - 37.34
2 Cess Income 3.07 89.55 - 84.98 44.40
3 Cash Deposit 8.08 - 3.94 - 3.01
4 Staff Advance - 10.45 - 15.02 6.37
5 Security Deposit 30.02 - 5.51 - 8.88
6 Miscellaneous - - - - --
Total- EA Income 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
VI EA Expenditure
1 Cess Transfers - 34.40 - 25.06 14.87
2 Other- Deposits - 9.90 - 34.67 11.14
3 PF and Pension - 50.64 - 33.37 21.00
4 Miscellaneous 100.00 5.06 100.00 6.89 52.99
Total- EA Expenditure 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Operating Surplus (Extraordinary Account)
Closing Balance (excl O/B)

17- Tiruppur Municipality - Abstract of Accounts toral Contribution
Head of Account 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Average

al
Opening Balance
REVENUE ACCOUNT
I Revenue Income
A Tax- Own Sources
1 Property Tax (General Purpose) - 35% of Total PT 5.53 3.05 6.11 4.90
2 Property Tax (Education Purpose) - 5% of Total PT 5.53 3.05 6.11 4.90
3 Profession Tax (2.46) 39.94 1.45 12.97
4 Other Taxes & Charges -- -- -- --
Tax- Own Sources 4.89 5.81 5.65 5.45
B Assigned Revenues
1 Entertainment Tax (77.46) 625.44 (44.83) 167.72
2 Surcharge on Stamp Duty (66.60) 1,020.25 (51.00) 300.89
3 Other Transfers -- 3,961.17 (60.40) 1,950.38
Assigned Revenues (70.56) 912.19 (49.79) 263.95

1 Income from Municipal Properties and Markets 41.70 2.59 9.30 17.87
2 License Income (Trade, etc.) (8.50) 36.46 100.27 42.74
3 Income from Special Services 114.83 (62.75) 85.36 45.82
4 Income from Sale Proceeds 775.00 (84.29) 172.73 287.81
5 Income from Fees and Fines 118.00 268.83 (70.64) 105.39
7 Income from Investments(Excl. Interest) -- -- -- --
8 Miscellaneous Income (26.77) 113.45 (59.81) 8.96
Non Tax- Own Sources 12.78 63.45 (28.89) 15.78
D Revenue Grants
1 State Finance Commission Grant 11.15 219.55 (22.52) 69.39
2 Other Grants 895.97 -- -- 895.97
Revenue Grants 14.36 209.46 (22.52) 67.10
Total- Revenue Income (Excl. W&D Fund) (12.48) 143.53 (29.69) 33.79

1 Water & Drainage Tax - 60% of Total PT 5.53 3.05 6.11 4.90
2 Water Charges 10.91 20.02 25.97 18.97
3 Drainage Charges -- -- -- --
4 Income from Interest on Deposits (54.58) (61.38) 695.06 193.03
5 Water Supply & Sanitation Grant -- -- -- --
6 Other Income -- -- -- --
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Income 6.27 21.05 (0.45) 8.96
-
Total- Revenue Income (5.43) 91.78 (21.89) 21.49


al
1 Staff Salary and Employee Related Expenses 5.09 (2.49) (6.68) (1.36)
2 Allowances to Elected Representatives (8.12) 8.84 (0.11) 0.20
3 General Expenses (23.33) 86.38 (66.45) (1.13)
4 Pensions and Gratuities 6.40 56.24 (26.03) 12.20
5 Education - Staff Salary -- -- -- --
6 Miscellaneous (51.16) 97.08 29.34 25.09
Establishment 3.17 7.39 (12.80) (0.75)

1 General Expenses (10.40) (59.30) 116.30 15.54
2 Public Works and Roads 6.05 8.38 (9.48) 1.65
3 Public Health and Conservancy (10.83) 12.09 72.42 24.56
4 Contractor Payment- Conservancy -- -- -- --
5 Street Lighting (including Electricity Charges) 23.89 43.53 (20.06) 15.79
6 Education 65.57 45.06 (14.65) 31.99
7 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 4.74 27.64 (17.72) 4.89
8 Miscellaneous (63.27) 1,435.35 -- 686.04
C Debt Servicing
1 Public Works and Roads -- -- -- --
2 Public Health and Conservancy -- -- -- --
3 Others 28.96 (13.13) 72.85 29.56
Debt Servicing 28.96 (13.13) 104.11 39.98
Total- Revenue Expenditure (Excl. W&D Fund) 5.86 9.11 1.89 5.62

1 Staff Salary & Employee Related Expenses (39.47) (5.63) (25.19) (23.43)
2 Administration Expenses 1.42 (22.57) 10.90 (3.42)
3 Equipment Maintenance & Repairs 6.95 73.73 (74.21) 2.16
4 Board Payment 28.03 12.66 9.55 16.75
5 Electricity Charges 7.79 42.32 (11.85) 12.76
6 Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs (5.82) 34.00 (1.12) 9.02
7 Miscellaneous 9.76 14.83 (3.51) 7.03
8 Debt Servicing- Old (84.48) 127.55 603.14 215.40
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Expenditure (26.33) 27.29 82.29 27.75
Total- Revenue Expenditure (8.10) 15.43 32.72 13.35



al
CAPITAL ACCOUNT
III Capital Income
A Capital Loans
2 Street Lighting -- -- -- --
3 Public Health & Conservancy -- -- -- --
4 Education -- -- -- --
5 Others (77.99) -- -- (77.99)
Capital Loans (77.99) -- -- (77.99)

2 Education 41.17 70.19 -- 55.68
3 Others (63.68) 364.05 (72.00) 76.12
4 Tenth/Eleventh Finance Commission Grants -- -- -- --
Capital Grants and Contribution (59.32) 321.65 (73.63) 62.90
C Own Sources
1 Transfer from Revenue Account -- -- -- --
2 Sale of Municipal Property -- -- -- --
Own Sources- Capital -- -- -- --
Total- Capital Income 164.18 (55.99) 489.23 199.14

D Capital Loans
1 Water Supply -- -- -- --
2 Sewerage & Sanitation -- -- -- --
Capital Loans W&D Fund -- -- -- --

1 Water Supply 95.59 (46.68) (95.88) (15.66)
2 Sewerage & Sanitation -- -- -- --
W&D -Capital Grants and Contribution 95.59 (46.68) (95.88) (15.66)
F Own Sources
1 Water Connection Charge (88.37) (11.45) (12.30) (37.37)
2 Sewerage Connection Charge -- -- -- --
W&D Own Sources- Capital (89.92) 1,594.37 (95.42) 469.68
Total W&D Fund- Capital Income (66.67) 387.44 (95.45) 75.11
Total- Capital Income 125.79 (45.10) 361.77 147.48
1 General (94.82) 1,737.40 (19.90) 540.89
2 Remunerative Schemes -- -- -- --
3 Public Works and Roads (53.78) (45.47) 150.70 17.15
4 Street Lighting -- -- (0.01) (0.01)
5 Public Health & Conservancy (86.35) (4.38) 1,926.71 611.99
6 Education 16.90 (7.86) (28.04) (6.33)
7 Others -- -- -- --
Total - Capital Expenditure Excl W&D Fund (61.03) (1.76) 96.60 11.27

8 Water Supply 53.60 213.50 126.20 131.10
9 Sewerage & Sanitation (76.41) 97.01 (22.28) (0.56)
Total W&D Fund- Capital Expenditure (72.84) 115.11 11.33 17.86
Total - Capital Expenditure (66.40) 41.22 48.83 7.88



al
V EA Income
1 Cash at Bank/ in Hand
2 Cess Income 371.20 -- -- 371.20
3 Cash Deposit -- -- -- --
4 Staff Advance -- -- -- --
5 Security Deposit -- -- -- --
6 Miscellaneous -- -- -- --
Total- EA Income (83.84) 1,221.28 (94.42) 347.67
VI EA Expenditure
1 Cess Transfers -- -- -- --
2 Other- Deposits -- -- -- --
3 PF and Pension -- -- -- --
4 Miscellaneous 1.31 8,998.57 (98.95) 2,966.98
Total- EA Expenditure 1,902.93 360.23 (84.76) 726.13

17- Tiruppur Municipality - Abstract of Accounts 4- FOP Assumptions
Head of Account SAGR CAGR CAGR Variable

% pa % pa Rs. pc/ pa %pa
Opening Balance
REVENUE ACCOUNT
I Revenue Income
A Tax- Own Sources
1 Property Tax (General Purpose) - 35% of Total PT 4.90 4.89 1.40
2 Property Tax (Education Purpose) - 5% of Total PT 4.90 4.89 1.40
3 Profession Tax 12.97 11.46 7.75 11.00%
4 Other Taxes & Charges -- -- -- 5.00%
Tax- Own Sources 5.45 5.45 1.94
B Assigned Revenues
1 Entertainment Tax 167.72 (3.38) (6.60) 5.00%
2 Surcharge on Stamp Duty 300.89 22.40 18.32 15.00%
3 Other Transfers 1,950.38 301.04 -- 5.00%
Assigned Revenues 263.95 14.38 10.57

1 Income from Municipal Properties and Markets 17.87 16.69 12.81 17.00%
2 License Income (Trade, etc.) 42.74 35.73 31.21 20.00%
3 Income from Special Services 45.82 14.05 10.25 14.00%
4 Income from Sale Proceeds 287.81 55.36 50.19 15.00%
5 Income from Fees and Fines 105.39 33.15 28.72 15.00%
6 Income from Interest on Deposits 37.57 35.57 31.06 6.00%
7 Income from Investments(Excl. Interest) -- -- -- 5.00%
8 Miscellaneous Income 8.96 (14.36) (17.21) 5.00%
Non Tax- Own Sources 15.78 9.44 5.80
D Revenue Grants
1 State Finance Commission Grant 69.39 40.13 35.47 15.00%
2 Other Grants 895.97 (100.00) (100.00) 5.00%
Revenue Grants 67.10 39.96 35.31
Total- Revenue Income (Excl. W&D Fund) 33.79 14.44 10.63

1 Water & Drainage Tax - 60% of Total PT 4.90 4.89 1.40
2 Water Charges 18.97 18.81 14.85
3 Drainage Charges -- -- --
4 Income from Interest on Deposits 193.03 11.73 -- 6.00%
5 Water Supply & Sanitation Grant -- (100.00) -- 5.00%
6 Other Income -- -- -- 5.00%
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Income 8.96 8.59 4.98
Total- Revenue Income 21.49 12.31 8.57


1 Staff Salary and Employee Related Expenses (1.36) (1.48) (4.76) 8.00%
2 Allowances to Elected Representatives 0.20 (0.04) (3.36) 5.00%
3 General Expenses (1.13) (21.74) (24.34) 5.00%
4 Pensions and Gratuities 12.20 7.13 3.57 5.00%
5 Education - Staff Salary -- -- -- 5.00%
6 Miscellaneous 25.09 7.58 4.00 7.50%
Establishment (0.75) (1.14) (4.43)

1 General Expenses 15.54 (7.60) (10.68) 5.00%
2 Public Works and Roads 1.65 1.33 (2.04) 20.00%
3 Public Health and Conservancy 24.56 19.89 15.90 20.00%
4 Contractor Payment- Conservancy -- -- -- 5.00%
5 Street Lighting (including Electricity Charges) 15.79 12.44 8.70 15.00%
6 Education 31.99 27.03 22.80 20.00%
7 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance 4.89 3.23 (0.21) 5.00%
8 Miscellaneous 686.04 (100.00) (100.00) 5.00%
Operation & Maintenance 12.61 12.12 8.39
C Debt Servicing
1 Public Works and Roads -- -- --
2 Public Health and Conservancy -- -- --
3 Others 29.56 24.64 20.49
Debt Servicing 39.98 31.74 27.36
Total- Revenue Expenditure (Excl. W&D Fund) 5.62 5.58 2.06

1 Staff Salary & Employee Related Expenses (23.43) (24.68) (27.19) 8.00%
2 Administration Expenses (3.42) (4.51) (7.68) 5.00%
3 Equipment Maintenance & Repairs 2.16 (21.75) (24.35) 15.00%
4 Board Payment 16.75 16.48 12.60 20.00%
5 Electricity Charges 12.76 10.59 6.90 15.00%
6 Vehicle Maintenance & Repairs 9.02 7.66 4.08 10.00%
7 Miscellaneous 7.03 6.74 3.19 10.00%
8 Debt Servicing- Old 215.40 35.41 30.91
Total- W&D Fund Revenue Expenditure 27.75 19.57 15.59
Total- Revenue Expenditure 13.35 12.08 8.35



CAPITAL ACCOUNT
III Capital Income
A Capital Loans
1 Public Works and Roads -- -- --
2 Street Lighting -- -- --
3 Public Health & Conservancy -- -- --
4 Education -- -- --
5 Others (77.99) 46.75 --
Capital Loans (77.99) 46.75 --

1 Public Works and Roads -- -- -- 5.00%
2 Education 55.68 (100.00) (100.00) 5.00%
3 Others 76.12 (22.15) (24.74) 5.00%
4 Tenth/Eleventh Finance Commission Grants -- -- -- 5.00%
Capital Grants and Contribution 62.90 (23.24) (25.80)
C Own Sources
1 Transfer from Revenue Account -- 55.74 --
2 Sale of Municipal Property -- (100.00) --
Own Sources- Capital -- 55.17 --
Total- Capital Income 199.14 89.92 83.60

D Capital Loans
1 Water Supply -- -- --
2 Sewerage & Sanitation -- -- --
Capital Loans W&D Fund -- -- --

1 Water Supply (15.66) (64.98) (66.15) 5.00%
2 Sewerage & Sanitation -- -- -- 5.00%
W&D -Capital Grants and Contribution (15.66) (64.98) (66.15)
F Own Sources
1 Water Connection Charge (37.37) (55.14) (56.63)
2 Sewerage Connection Charge -- (100.00) (100.00)
W&D Own Sources- Capital 469.68 (57.22) (58.64)
Total W&D Fund- Capital Income 75.11 (58.04) (59.44)
Total- Capital Income 147.48 78.88 72.92
1 General 540.89 (8.62) (11.66)
2 Remunerative Schemes -- -- --
3 Public Works and Roads 17.15 (14.19) (17.05)
4 Street Lighting (0.01) 0.56 (2.78)
5 Public Health & Conservancy 611.99 38.29 33.69
6 Education (6.33) (8.14) (11.20)
7 Others -- (100.00) --
Total - Capital Expenditure Excl W&D Fund 11.27 (9.03) (12.06)

8 Water Supply 131.10 121.67 114.29
9 Sewerage & Sanitation (0.56) (28.79) (31.16)
Total W&D Fund- Capital Expenditure 17.86 (13.36) (16.25)
Total - Capital Expenditure 7.88 (10.95) (13.92)



V EA Income
1 Cash at Bank/ in Hand
2 Cess Income 371.20 48.83
3 Cash Deposit -- (100.00)
4 Staff Advance -- 2.94
5 Security Deposit -- (100.00)
6 Miscellaneous -- --
Total- EA Income 347.67 (50.79)
VI EA Expenditure
1 Cess Transfers -- (28.51)
2 Other- Deposits -- 56.74
3 PF and Pension -- (32.01)
4 Miscellaneous 2,966.98 (1.08)
Total- EA Expenditure 726.13 141.30

Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund Business Plan for Tiruppur Municipality

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Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund Business Plan for Tiruppur Municipality

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Government of Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund

Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited

Abbreviations and Acronyms

BOT : Build, Operate and Transfer

A. Physical Infrastructure .......................................................................................................... 48

3. Street lighting...................................................................................................................... 131

Appendix I: Accounts and Financial Operational plan. ...................................................................... 161

Table 2.1: Demography - Tiruppur ......................................................................................................... 7

Figure 1.1: Approach to Business Plan................................................................................................... 3

Map 2.1: Adminstrative Boundaries (wards) in Tiruppur..................................................................... 10

1. Objectives of the study

a. Enhancing City Productivity

3. The objective of the assignment is to formulate a Business Plan comprising of appropriate

(i) Financial Assessment of Urban Local Bodies;

B. City Corporate cum Business Plan

1. City Corporate cum Business planning Approach

Figure 1.1: Approach to Business Plan

(viii) Chapter 8 describes the asset management plan.

(x) Chapter 10 describes financial operating plan and municipal sustainability.

II. CITY DEMOGRAPHY

A. Geography and Climate

Figure 2.1: Location of Tiruppur Municipality

intersection 70O 22' longitude and 11O .47

13. River Noyyal, originating from the PALANI

Velangiri Hills and flowing through the

17. Physical and Geographical Characteristics: Tiruppur is characterized by an undulating

B. Population Trends and Urbanization

Figure 2.2: Population Growth Rate

industry. A major factor that 20

Table 2.1: Demography - Tiruppur

Table 2.2: Population Density

Table 2.3: Density Pattern in Zones

Table 2.4: Summary of Density Pattern-Tiruppur

Map 2.1: Adminstrative Boundaries (wards) in Tiruppur

Map 2.2: Ward wise Density Pattern in Tiruppur

Table 2.5: Workforce Participation

Figure 2.3: Industrial Distribution - Tiruppur

35. The town's contribution, in quantity

Table 2.6: Industrial units in Tiruppur

3. Growth Trends and Projections

39. Growth Trend: The main aim of

comprehensive, sustainable growth management policy can be formulated.

Table 2.7: Population forecast using different Methods

2. Land and Housing

Table 2.8: Occupied Census Houses

Table 2.9: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Roof

Table 2.10: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Wall

Type of Wall Number Distribution

Table 2.11: Distribution of Census Houses by Type of Floor

III. URBAN MANAGEMENT

A. Organization Structure of Urban Local Body

Table 3.1: Functions of Committees

65. Functional Departments of the Municipality

Tiruppur Municipality consists of five departments’ viz.

B. Institutions and Capacity

Table 3.2: Municipal Departments and Functions

Table 3.3: Existing Manpower in Tiruppur

1. Institutional Arrangements and Policy Context

Table 3.4: Details of Municipal acts

S. No Head Provisions under TN Urban Local Bodies Bill, 1997

2. Service Delivery and Performance of Urban Local Body

73. Engineering Department: Engineering department is responsible to carry out development

Remunerative Enterprises: Income from remunerative enterprises is the non-

Entertainment Tax: The Commercial Tax (CT) Department collects

Stamp Duty: Surcharge on stamp duty is another assigned revenue source,