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Module 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-State Institution
Module 7: Forms and Functions of State and Non-State Institution
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Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I
All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.
Management Team:
SHS
Target
Society consists of social structures and social institutions that are governed
by norms and values. Each individual in a society has specific roles and functions that
are meant to achieve balance in the society. However, the pursuit of interests
generates various conflicts in the society. Competition over resources is often the
source of conflict.
By the end of World War II, various humanitarian issues and crises took place.
More than 6 million was displaced at the end of war. Faced with this large-scale of
humanitarian crisis, international community responded with various measures
including the establishment of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR) in 1950.
The large-scale of human predicament show how human rights are being
violated by the institutional actors such as government. This incidence leads to the
creation of state and nonstate institutions. These institutions became relevant in the
advent of globalization and urbanization.
After going through this module, you are expected to explain the different form
and functions of state and non-state institutions.
Specific Objectives:
a. identify the different forms and functions of state and non-state
institutions;
b. describe each form of state and non-state institutions;
c. explain how state and non-state institutions function.
Before going on, check how much you know about this
topic. Answer the pretest on the next page in a separate
sheet of paper.
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Pretest
Direction: Carefully read each item. Write the letter of the best answer. Use separate
sheets for your answers.
1. What form of business governed on the principle of one member, one vote?
A. Cooperatives C. States
B. Corporation D. Unions
2. What organization of the state which makes, implements, enforces, and adjudicates
the law?
A. Cooperatives C. Government
B. Corporation D. Trade Unions
3. What institution that allows people deposit their money for safe keeping and
interests?
A. Banks C. Corporation
B. Cooperatives D. Lending Company
4. What institution is made up of individuals, shareholders or stockholders who
engage to business?
A. Banks C. Corporation
B. Cooperatives D. Trade Unions
5. What type of corporation that are formed to generate revenues and provide returns
to their shareholders?
A. For-Profit C. Trade Groups
B. Not-for Profit D. Union Groups
6. What type of corporation that operates under the category of charitable
organization?
A. For-Profit C. Trade Groups
B. Not-for Profit D. Union Groups
7. What business organization that extends production and sales into several
countries?
A. International Government Organization C. Multinational Corporations
B. International Organization D. Transnational Groups
8. What organization is formed by workers for common interests of their co-workers?
A. Banks C. Corporation
B. Cooperatives D. Trade Groups
9. What organization whose activities transcend to national boundaries to facilitates
cooperation?
A. International Organization C. Trade Unions
B. Multinational Corporations D. Union Groups
10. What form of government in which supreme power is absolutely lodged with an
individual?
A. Democracy C. Oligarchy
B. Monarchy D. Theocracy
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Jumpstart
Accomplish the activity below. This will help you understand the
lesson. Have fun and good luck!
A financial institution
licensed to provide several
SKABN financial services to
different types of
customers.
Organizations formed
by workers from related
DETRA ONUNI fields that work for
common interest of its
members
Businesses governed
TIVESOOCPERA on the principle of one
member, one vote
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Discover
State
At the time of the initial development of the modern human rights system,
States were the dominant actors in the international arena.
A state is an organized political community acting under a government and
united by common set of laws. It uses absolute power in directing the path of a
society. It also uses complete political coerciveness, which may come in the form of
armed forces personnel, stricter laws, and rigid government policies in order to attain
its societal goals and objectives.
Market exchange is the primary form of economic subsistence of a state
wherein standardized currencies are being used to exchange commodities.
States differ in sovereignty, governance, geography, and interests. It may be
classified as sovereign if they are not dependent on, or subject to, any other power or
state. Other states are subject to external sovereignty where ultimate sovereignty lies
another state.
The concept of the state is different from the concept of government. A
government is the particular group of people that controls the state at a given time. In
other words, governments are the means through which the state power us employed
like applying the rule of law.
The concept of the state is also different from the concept of a nation, which
refers to a large geographical area and the people therein who perceives themselves as
having a common identity. The state is a political geopolitical entity; the nation is a
cultural or ethnic entity.
As a state, it consists of actors with varying interests and assertions, social
rules are implemented in the forms of laws. These laws are created to manage the
interaction among individuals and between the individuals and the state. As a citizen
of a country, an individual is subjected to the legal norms in the territory. These
norms may include paying taxes, rendering military services, and contributing to the
political life in the society.
The State intends to be a strong actor in the performance of the three
important political functions. The state, in full form,
1. maintains control over violence in its domain
2. allocates resources and rewards at its discretion, and
3. stands as the major focus of identity for the large majority of the people
under its authority.
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Elements of the States
1. Population
It is the people who make the state. Population is essential for the state.
Without population there can be no State.
2. Territory
There can be no state without a fixed territory. People need territory to live
and organize themselves socially and politically. It may be remembered that
the territory of the states includes land, water and airspace.
3. Government
It is the organization or machinery or agency of the State which makes,
implements, enforces, and adjudicates the laws of the state.
4. Sovereignty
It is the most exclusive elements of State. Without sovereignty no state can
exist. State has the exclusive title and prerogative to exercise supreme
power over all its people and territory. It is the basis which the State
regulates all aspects of the life of the people living in its territory.
Forms of States
States come in a variety of forms that vary on who holds power, how positions
of leadership are obtained, and how authority is maintained. These are:
a. Authoritarian Government
Authoritarian governments differ in who holds power and in how
control they assume over those who govern. An example of this type is
Monarchy.
Monarchy is a form of government in which supreme power is
absolutely lodged with an individual, who is the head of the state, often
for life or until abdication. The person who heads a monarchy is called a
monarch. Some monarchs hold unlimited political powers while many
constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom and Thailand.
Currently, 44 nations in the world have monarchs as head of state.
Totalitarianism is a political system that strives to regulate nearly
every aspect of public and private life. It theoretically permits no individual
freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the
authority of the state. Modern examples of totalitarian states include the
Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, the
People’s Republic of China under Mao Zedong, and North Korea under the
Kim Dynasty.
b. Oligarchic Government
An oligarchy is a form of government in which power effectively rests
with a small-elite segment of society distinguished by royalty, wealth,
family, military, or religious hegemony. An oligarchy does not have one clear
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ruler, but several powerful people who rule. One common example is
theocracy.
Theocracy is a government by divine guidance or by official who are
regarded as divinely guided. Leaders are members of the clergy, and the
state’s legal system is based on religious law. Contemporary examples of
theocracies include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican.
c. Democratic Government
Democracy is a form of government in which the right to governs is
held by the majority of citizens within a country or a state. The two
principles of democracy are that all citizens have equal access to
power and that all citizens enjoy universally recognized freedoms and
liberties. People can either become country leaders through electoral
process or elect leaders who represent the core values and beliefs.
There are 99 democratic nations globally. Examples of democratic nations
are Philippines, Norway, New Zealand, United States of America, Canada,
Columbia, Italy, and South Africa.
Nonstate Institutions
Nonstate institutions are people and/ or organization that participate in
international affairs and relations but are not affiliated with any state or nation.
These nonstate institutions include the following: bank and corporations,
cooperatives and trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, and development
agencies and international organizations. These nonstate institutions are equally
capable of influencing policy formation and implementation.
a. Banks
Bank is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial
services to different types of customers. Banks are in operation mainly for
their deposits and lending functions. Customers are allowed to deposit their
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money to banks which grow through an interest rate. Banks also provide
loans, with an interest to customers who need money either for personal
consumption or for investment and businesses. Banks may be categorized
into major forms such as commercial banks and investment banks.
b. Corporations
It is a form of business operation that declares the business as a
separate entity guided by a group of officers known as the Board of
Directors. They were created by individuals, stockholders or shareholders,
with the purpose of operating for profit. They have all legal rights of an
individual, except for the right to vote and certain limitations. They are given
the right to exist by the state that issues their charter. Corporation example
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includes General Motors Corporation an icon of American craftmanship,
Apple Corporation as one of the famous tech companies, Amazon
Corporation founded by Jeff Bezos is the world’s leading eCommerce and
innovation company, Domino’s Pizza is a global food chain company
delivering quality food worldwide.
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Checks out the big names of MNCs that are already exist in the
Philippines:
Google HSBC
Viber Citibank
Palo Alto Networks Maersk
Procter and Gamble Hewlett Packard
Thomson Reuters Coca Cola Far East
Accenture Deutsche Bank
c. Cooperatives
Cooperatives are people-centers enterprises owned, controlled and
run by and for their members to realize their common economic, social, and
cultural needs and aspirations.
Cooperatives are businesses governed on the principle of one
member, one vote. There are several common types of co-ops, including
cooperatives owned and operated by:
a. The people working there (worker cooperatives);
b. The people buying the co-op’s goods or services (consumer
cooperatives)
c. The people collaborating to process and market their products
(producer cooperatives); and
d. Groups uniting to enhance their purchasing power (purchasing
cooperatives)
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d. Trade Unions/Labor Unions
Trade Unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields
that work for common interest of its members. They help workers in issues
like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits.
They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the
management and workers.
The purpose of these unions is to look into the grievances of wagers
and present a collective voice in front of the management. It acts as the
medium of communication between the workers and management. Among
these trade unions that exist in the Philippines are the Federation of Free
Workers (FFW), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) and the Trade Union Congress of
the Philippines (TUCP).
Functions of Trade Unions:
1. Advocating for fairness and equality for workers’ compensations
2. Securing better working conditions for workers
3. Trade Unions will organize strikes and demonstrations on behalf
of worker demands
4. Fight for social welfare for workers
5. Promote and advocate for education and proper training for
workers
6. Advocate and fight the government for legislative protections of the
workers
7. Promote and advocate for organizational growth and stability
8. Trade Unions acts as representatives of workers in national and
international forums
9. Involved in collective bargaining agreements and disputes with
management to settle any conditions on employment
10. Advising management on correct personnel policies and
procedures
11. Involved in collective and personal collective grievances between
management and workers.
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TAGS is the formation and development of their advocacies and campaigns
that represent causes, ideas, values, and beliefs.
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty are active in the human rights
field. Oxfam and Save children deal with humanitarian issues. Greenpeace
and Friends of the Earth represent environmental concerns.
f. Development Agencies
Development Agencies have been established to develop the
cooperation between the public sector, private sector, and civil society.
These are organizations with specific aims and goals. The common
denominator among these organizations is the term development. These
agencies concentrate on the growth, progression, and advancement of
specific concerns, which can be infrastructure or social institutions.
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Interrelationship of Government and Non-state Institutions
Government rules society. This reflects how powerful government institution
can be. If nonstate institutions interfere with the governing body, two possible things
can happen:
1. Integration among these two institutions may take place to achieve precise
solution towards development
2. Conflict and tension may also arise because one could exceed the other in
terms of societal control and influences (Penninx, 2013)
Explore
Directions: Complete the table. Identify the non-state institutions and describe its
structure and functions.
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Deepen
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our
time and the greatest challenge we have faced. The pandemic is much more than
health crisis but is also unprecedent socio-economic crisis.
You are the Secretary of Department of Health (DOH) and tasked to create or
organize your own non-governmental organization that will address the COVID-19
pandemic. To accomplish this task, create a simple project proposal using the
template below:
Organizational Structure
(Officers/Personnel)
Funding Sources
(Ways and means to generate
your organization’s fund)
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Gauge
Directions: I. Multiple Choice. Carefully read each item. Write the letter of the best
answer. Use separate sheets for your answers.
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10. Which of the following statements is NOT a good effect of MNCs in a state?
A. Cause dependency
B. Introduce technology
C. Encourage interdependently
D. Encourage economic growth
II. TRUE or FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is incorrect.
1. The state uses absolute power to attain societal goals and objectives.
2. Being a citizen of a state, everyone is entailing the enjoyment of certain privileges
that are called rights.
3. Investment Banks issues securities to the investing public.
4. Commercial Banks provide business and personal loans in orders to earn interest.
5. Transnational Advocacy Groups serve as international catalysts for change and
development.
6. A cooperative has a primary role of promoting labor welfare.
7. Most trade unions aim to promote the practice of democracy among societies.
8. The government plays a vital role in human society because it is expected that its
efforts and initiatives must be aligned with individual welfare and service.
9. One of the most important roles of banks is to translate agreed-upon values into
rights and obligation.
10. World Bank is an example of trade union.
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Deepen Deepen
II. I.
1. True 1. A
2. True 2. C
3. True 3. A
4. True 4. C
5. True 5. A
6. False 6. B
7. False 7. C
8. False 8. B
9. False 9. A
10. False 10. D
Answer Key
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References
Printed Materials:
Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2016). Teacher’s Guide.
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Pasig City, Philippines.
Custodio, Henry M. et al. (2016). Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.
Makati City. Diwa Learning Systems
Henderson, Conway E. (1998). International Relations. McGraw-Hill Companies.
Singapore.
Websites:
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