CWTS

Course description: Refers to the program component or activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improve health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety.

CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

“It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great idealit is like a stone wasted on the field
without becoming a part of any edifice."
- Dr. Jose P. Rizal

WHAT IS CITIZENSHIP?
Citizenship is a term denoting membership of a citizen in a political society, whichmembership
implies, reciprocally, a duty of allegiance on the part of the member and duty ofprotection on the part of
the State (De Leon 2011).

THE CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES

1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of thisConstitution.
2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines.
3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippinecitizenship
upon reaching the age of majority.
4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law (Article IV of the 1987
PhilippineConstitution).

THREE KINDS OF CITIZENSHIP

1. Political Citizenship. It means showing respect for the law and government. Onecan be a
good political citizen by carrying out duties such as voting, paying taxesand obeying traffic rules.
2.Environment Citizenship. It involves caring for the environment. Practice environment
citizenship by doing things like conserving water, using fuel wisely, planting a tree and putting
garbage in the disposal.
3.Socio-economic Citizenship. It is about caring for the community and supporting the
economy. A person can show socio- economic citizenship by buying products made in the
Philippines, engaging in legitimate livelihood programs, and volunteering in church groups,
health centers and schools.
WHAT IS GOOD CITIZENSHIP?
Good citizenship means "huwarangmamamayan" in Filipino, Good citizenship is livingby the
values of cooperation, patriotism, hard work, respect for others, for the law andgovernment, truth,
freedom, love, equality and peace. Good citizens, are law- abiding, helpfulto others in their community,
and nave good personal traits, such as patience, honesty, andunderstanding toward other people.

RIGHTS WITH OBLIGATIONS

Citizens should realize that for every right there must be a corresponding duty. It is truethey
have rights of which they cannot be deprived of, but they have also duties which they mustnot neglect.
If the people are aware not only of their rights but also of their obligations, therewill be less
misunderstanding and less conflict in the society. One of the reasons for the turmoiland ferment in
many countries is the attitude of demanding one's rights under the law and yetbeing forgetful of one's
duties as a citizen.
Rights become fully available for enjoyment only when all the citizens, withoutexception,
comply loyalty with all their obligations. The rights to life, liberty, and propertyfor instance, are but
partially for enjoyment so long as there are members of the politicalcommunity who are, deficient in
that necessary compliance. Conversely, the enjoymentof rights becomes ample and real to the degree
that the citizens willingly carry out theirobligations (De Leon 2011).

THE NEED FOR PARTICIPATION FOR GOOD CITIZENSHIP

Participation means being involved in something that you believe in. Participation in thedecision
making, or governance, of your barangay, city, municipality or province is an important part of being a
good citizen. Participation in governance means cooperating with other people common goal that will
help everyone in your community. There are two kinds of participation: direct and indirect participation.
When you practice direct participation, you are likely to attend barangay assemblies, or help your local
government to plan programs and projects. Direct participation is a very effective way of being involved.
Indirect participation is choosing somebody to represent your needs and wishes. Voting in barangay
elections is an example of indirect participation. Participation is an essential part of good governance.
(Local Government Academy 2004).

GOOD GOVERNANCE, A KEY TO PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Governance is the ‘output’ of what governments do. According to the United Nations Economic
and Social Council for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), governance is a process of making decisions and
then putting these decisions into action. Local governance involves decision-making process at the local
government level. Good governance is decision making which results in better standards of living for
everyone.

EIGHT CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

There are eight characteristics of good governance (Local Government Academy 2005).
1. Participation. When the people help to make the decisions of the government. People are
viewed as stakeholders, so the government should care about their needs and interests.
They should be included in planning, implementation and monitoring.
2. Rule of law. When the government makes fair laws. The human rights of people, particularly
minority groups, are protected. Courts must be unbiased and there should be an honest,
uncorrupt police force.
3. Transparency. People can easily see and understand what is happening in their government.
There are no secrets.
4. Accountability. When the government takes responsibility for their actions and can explain
to the people why they have made a decision.
5. Concensusoriented. When the government can work with different groups in the
community, particularly minority groups, to reach a general agreement about something.
6. Equity and inclusiveness. Every person should be included in society. Everyone has
opportunities to improve his/her quality of life.
7. Efficiency. The timely deliveryof services using the minimum available resources to achieve
the greatest effect to the most number of people.
8. Responsiveness. The government is able to respond to the needs of the people, or stake
holders, within a reasonable amount of time.
 Activity Sheet 1
Name: Date:
Course/Year: Instructor:

I. Directions: Define briefly the following statements.

1. Good governance.

2. Citizenship.

3. Rule of law.

4. Right to life, liberty, and property.

5. Value one’s honor.

II. Essay

Directions: Write an essay on how you can be a responsible citizen. Consists of 300
words.
DRUG EDUCATION

Drug addiction destroys life, tears apart family and harms society.”
-Anonymous

OVERVIEW OF DRUG ADDICTION

It has been said that there are four primary drives: hunger, thirst, sex, and our desire to alter our
consciousness. Drugs have been used throughout history to alter consciousness and will continue to be
used in this way in the future. Some reel that drugs open avenues to unconsciousness issue, conflicts,
and possibly an awareness or perception new to the user's life. On the downside, drugs can easily
become traps that keep us from using our minds in positive ways.
Drug use becomes unrealistic and neurotic when it becomes an addiction. Peonlawho are
addicted to drugs tend to be passively dependent and destructive. Their nervous system becomes less
functional, and the addicted person is less able to function in active constructive and interesting ways.
Our society is becoming more aware of positive ways to alter consciousness while avoiding addictions to
alcohol/drugs.

DRUG USE AND ALCHOHOLISM

Many people are passive procrastinators and conflict avoiders. Once they get someimmediate
relief, they avoid the real issues. Nonetheless, growth involves working through painful conflicts. Our
search for the magic pill or cure for the pain of the human condition has created a modern market place
for alcohol and drug elixirs.
Using alcohol or other drugs is a passive activity; individuals take pills, powder, or liquidsand
wait for the desired effects-an alternation of their consciousness. In some cases, such as freebasing
cocaine or injecting drugs (e.g., heroin), the desired effect is almost instantaneous. Instead of facing and
working through their feelings of boredom, sadness, stress, and loneliness the individual passively
changes what he or she feels by using alcohol/drugs. Changing you mood by more active approaches
involves more effort and motivation. This is frequently learning process, especially if the individual has a
lifelong pattern of either avoiding feeling or self-medicating.
We cannot isolate one specific cause of alcoholism and other drug addiction. There are often
multiple, confounding reasons for addiction; just as there are numerous causes for cancer and other
medical diseases. Many theories and models of causality exist. Early models of alcoholism labeled
alcoholics as inherently weak or unable to control or tolerate consumption of alcohol.

WHO HAS ADDICTIVE PERSONALITY?

For quite some time, the media have emphasized the concept of an addictive personality.This
simplistic approach makes the mistakes of labeling all alcoholics and other addicts aspossessing a
particular personality that leads to addictive and compulsive behavior. It is more accurate to recognize
that many personality traits can make an individual vulnerable to the diseases of alcoholism and drug
addiction, but to conclude that there is a particular addictive personality is beyond the scope of modern
medicine. It is more accurate to say that such individuals have psychological vulnerability: a prior
psychological factor that makes a pattern of substances dependence more likely to develop.

PERSONALITY TRAITS OF ALCOHOLICS AND ADDICTS

Many researchers and clinicians have described various personality traits of alcoholics/addicts.
According to Fields (2004) these personality traits include the following:
1. High emotionality
2. Anxiety and over reactivity
3. Immaturity in interpersonal relationships
4. Low frustration tolerance
5. Inability to express anger adequately
6. Anger over dependence and ambivalence to authority
7. Low self-esteem with grandiose behavior
8. Perfectionism
9. Compulsiveness
10. Feeling of isolation
11. Sex role confusion
12. Depression
13. Dependence in interpersonal relationships
14. Hostility
15. Sexual immaturity
16. Rigidity and inability to adapt to changing circumstances
17. Simplistic, black-and-white thinking

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DRUG ADDICTION

1. Risk-Taking Behavior. Impulsivity includes personality traits such as sensation-seeking and

aggressiveness. Some substance abusers may be labeled as edgewalkers-people who are
living on the edge of danger or risk. Impulsive/disinhibitedindividuals are at increased risk
 for alcohol-related problems and the traits ofimpulsivity are elevated in the children of
alcoholics. Drug use involves taking therisks involved in using. There have always been
individuals who, when told no,are curious and perhaps contrary, translate that no into yes.
This is especially trueof adolescents. Alcohol/drug use affects each individual's physical and
emotional.

2. Pessimism. Pessimism is looking at the negative side of situations. Sarcastic shamming,

critical of others, judgmental of their spouses and other family members, and pessimistic
about the world in general. The pessimistic attitude is not limited to the father. Some family
members are fearful and worried, expressing the philosophy that others would take
advantage of people and rip you off, either financially or emotionally. They view the world
as hostile .As a result, they approach the world defensively, expecting to get hurt, and
looking for the negative. Some of this parents are alcoholics/ addicts; some lead lives that
are limited, isolated in social and emotional connection, not trusting or getting close to
others. Unfortunately this pessimistic attitude contributed to the alcoholic/addiction and is
detrimental to recovery. Pessimistic individual individuals can maintain abstinence from
alcohol /drug, but they have difficulty in trusting others, and they might struggle in giving to
others or attaining spiritual sense of self.

3. Poor Future Orientation. Individuals who see their future as unfavorable might abuse drugs,
having a short-range view. Many addicts/alcoholics report that theydo not expect to live
very long. Thinking that their life span is limited, they are not concerned about having good
physical health. Many adolescents have a poor future orientation because of a continued
pattern of academic failure or a difficult family situation. Many of these children, who
experience academic failure especially in the late elementary grades, fail to develop the
skills necessary to learn, integrate concepts, and succeed in school. Many exhibit learning
disabilities, emotional problems, and attention deficit disorder. The children's parents are
frequently in denial of these emotional and learning disabilities, and the school system may
notadequately address these problems, resulting in educational failures for the
children.Some of these children do well during adolescence, some barely escape
alcohol/drug problems, some develop addictions, and some die in alcohol/drug-
relatedaccidents and overdose.

4. Conditioning and Substance Abuse. A strong reinforcing factor in alcohol/druguse is the

memorable feeling attached to the first use. A first-time experience witha drug or alcohol-
induced altered state of consciousness is a new and unforgettableawareness. This first or
early experience with alcohol/drug is so reinforcing that timeafter time the individual
attempts to reproduce or recapture the original memorableexperience. Heroin smokers call
it "chasing the dragon". This can be similar toone's first romantic involvement or to the
extremely pleasurable yet painfulromantic association of unrequited love. Alcohol/drugs can
become that firstlove, like no other experience ever felt before. Unfortunately, it is
impossible toduplicate that feeling. The cycle of addiction has begun: the individual tries to
repeat an experience that cannot be recaptured because by definition it was “the first “.

5. Family Model. The probability of developing the diseases of alcoholism and drug addiction is
four times higher for those individuals who have one alcoholic or drugaddict. Children from
alcoholic, dysfunctional, and shame based family systems have greater risk of developing
problems with alcohol ordrugs. Family members who use alcohol or drugs also greatly
 influences the development of alcohol or drug dependence. Exhibiting poor
communication,the alcoholic or addict family has specific no talk, no feel, no trust rules.
SuchTamny system breeds childhood traumas of fear, rejection, abandonment,
andSometimes violation. Parents with substance-abuse problems have extreme difficulty in
being effective parents. Parenting is a difficult, time-consumingcomplicated task. Staying on
top of the situation requires quick, sensitive, andintuitive Judgment of that which works
best. Some factors contributing to alcoholor drug use in the family include the following:
a. Imbalance in parenting
b. Marital discord
c. Alcoholic/addict behavior
d. Imbalance and dysfunctional family interaction
e. Significant trauma and stress in the family
f. Physical, emotional, sexual and psychological violation
g. Inappropriate boundaries
h. Shame, abandonment, rejection
6. Sociocultural Factors. Societies, cultures, communities, socioeconomic groups, and even
neighborhoods offering few or limited alternatives too drinking and drugging as tension
relievers are more susceptible to addiction.The more this group produces acute inner
tension, suppressed or acted-out aggression, extreme conflict, dilemmas, mixed messages,
sexual tension, and the condoning of attitudes about alcohol or drugs as the normal,
expected way of relieving distension, the more prone individuals are to develop alcohol or
drug dependence. When there is no limit on supplies and distribution, attitudes are liberal,
and cause is relative, the incidence of alcohol and drug abuse is high.Individuals who feel
alienated from a larger society and who have no sense of belonging may feel that society's
rule and values about alcohol and drugs do not apply to them. This feeling of alienation from
a larger social body may result in more favorable attitudes about alcohol or drugs.

CAFFEINE ADDICTION
Caffeine is an example of a drug. It is a stimulant and it is a highly addictive substancewhen
overly used. It acts as a central nervous stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and
restoring alertness. Caffeine is known as the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug but
still unregulated in most countries of the world including here in the Philippines. Some of the food
and beverages which contains caffeine are coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks, and dark chocolates.

ALCOHOL
Alcohol acts as depressant on the central nervous system. Once absorbed, it isdistributed
throughout the body, enters the brain easily, and is uniformly found in all body fluids. In pregnant
women, alcohol crosses the placental barriers into the fetus. A blood fluids .In pregnant women
alcohol crosses the placental barriers into the fetus. A bloodalcohol level of 0.05 percent or higher
produces some driving impairment Alcohol metabolized at a relatively constant rate, which
depends primarily on the body weight of the drinker. A 150-pound man metabolizes approximately
three-quarters to one of in an hour.
 Adverse Effects of Alcohol
Alcohol is the devastating drug we know of today in terms of the sheer numbers of people it
affects. One or two alcoholic drinks may induce talkativeness in one individual, along with slight
flushing, and reduce the drinker's inhibitions, so he or she appears more expansive andmore
animated, perhaps grandiose at times. The same amount of alcohol in another individual may
induce drowsiness and lethargy.

In Our Society
1. Accidents. Accidental injury is the leading cause of death among olderadolescent and young
adult, and binge drinking is involved in many of theseaccidents.
2. Sexual Assault. Schools with patterns of heavy or binge drinking have moreincidents of
verbal, physical, and sexual assaults and property damage. At leasthalf of the sexual abuse
on college campuses involve alcohol consumption by theperpetrator, the victim, or both.

In the Body
Alcohol is a toxic drug with irritating as well as sedative properties. It can cause negativeeffects
on every tissue in the human body.
1. Brain
a. Amnesia, most commonly called blackouts, causes, partial or sometimestemporary loss
of memory, often following binge patterns of alcohol used. Blackouts can occur even
after low-dose alcohol consumption, or first-time alcohol consumption by someone who
has a family history of alcoholism. Blackouts may be a significant early indicator or a
diagnosis of alcoholism.
b. Permanent loss of memory and mental confusion
c. Damage to the cerebellum, affecting balance and coordination
2. Peripheral nerves
a. Usually in the legs and sometimes other extremities, alcoholics experience pain, loss of
sensation, and general weakness.
b. Optic nerves are damaged, causing blurred or dimmed vision
3. Gastrointestinal tract
a. Gastritis and esophagitis, irritation of the lining of the esophagus and stomach causing
mild to severe pain; may aggravate an ulcer
b. Peptic ulcer at the outlet of the stomach
c. Fatty liver, hepatitis, or cirrhosis (a scarring of the liver and is a leading cause of death
from alcohol)
d. Pancreatitis, in which muscle spasms block the duct from the pancreas, causes
4. Heart and blood vessels
a. Heart muscle becomes weaker, as the heart expands because it is working harder.
Alcohol complicates problems with heart disease.
b. Peripheral blood vessels are dilated by alcohol. Initially, this causes a sensationof
warmth. The old habit of drinking alcohol to fend off the cold actually make the person
more susceptible to the cold.
 c. High blood pressure is often associated with alcoholism, but the relationship isnot
clearly established.
5. Lungs
Emphysema occurs most frequently in the alcoholic who also smokes, alcoholseems to
have a direct toxic effect on the cells lining the alveoli, or small air sacs in the lungs.

TOBACCO, THE MOST DEADLY DRUG

Smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths annually, most cases arerelated to lung
cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cigarettes kill more people than AIDS, accidents, fires, illegal drugs,
and suicide combined. Smoking tobacco is the single most preventable cause of death.
Almost 35% of young people's belief about smoking revealed that fourth-graders held very
negative beliefs about smoking and were strongly anti-smoking. Many children have strong all-or-
nothing, black-and-white, conciete beliefs about things. On the contrary, adolescents tend to the gray
on issues, and their beliefs are less concrete and rigid. Although adolescents see smoking as being
somewhat risky, they admire. Some aspects of smoking. Two primary aspects of cigarette smoking that
adolescents viewed as favorable were solidarity with friends, and providing relief from boredom (Fields
2004).

COMMON TYPES OF DRUGS

1. MDMA (Ecstasy)
MDMA means methylenedioxymethamphetamine, better known as Ecstasy.MDMA was
first synthesized and patented in 1914 as an appetite suppressant, itbecame popular in 1980's
with college students.
2. Crystal Methamphetamine or Shabu
Methamphetamine also known as Shabu enters the brain more rapidly thanother CNS
stimulants, rapidly producing a rush of euphoria when injected or smoked. Many people who try
methamphetamine go on to compulsive abuse of the drug.
3. Heroin
Heroin was originally manufactured as remedy for morphine addiction. During the Civil
War, doctors widely used morphine in injectable form and addiction to morphine was very
common at that time, resulting in a significant population of drug addict.
Heroin which is a more refined form of morphine was aimed asaddictive substitute to
morphine, unfortunately it turns out to be more addiction.
4. Barbiturates
Barbiturates also belong to the sedative-hypnotic class of drugs and areprescribed to
decrease central nervous system activity (e.g. induce sleep rudely nervous system).
5. Amphetamines
Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants. Until recentlv the widely
prescribed by physicians for conditions Such as obesity, depressinarcolepsy (uncontrolled fits of
sleep).
6. Cocaine
 Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of Erythroxylum coca, a bush growparts of South
America. Mountain Indians of Peru and Bolivia have chewed leaves as a social ritual for more
than a thousand years.
7. LSD
LSD means lysergic acid diethylamide a white powder or a clear, colorless andliquid. LSD
is an extremely powerful drug that causes distortions in thinking usfeeling. Manufactured from
lysergic acid which occurs naturally in the ergot fungus that grows on wheat and rye.
8. Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana
Cannabis refers to any product of the plant Cannabis sativa, which grows in most parts
of the world. In North America, the most commonly used productderived from this plant are
marijuana and hashish.
9. Inhalants
From time to time, the phenomenon of inhalant use is brought to publicattention. In the
1960s, there was an epidemic of glue sniffing. Nowadays, thereis still a consistent use of various
solvents, aerosols, and other gases that peopleinhale to get high.

PREVENTION OF THE ILLEGAL USE OF PROHIBITED DRUGS

For years, society has searched for easy ways to prevent drug dependence and
addiction.Initially, frightening movies and horror stories of drug abuse failed to make young people
scared to use drugs.
Drug prevention has often been a misunderstood and neglected aspect in addressingthe drug
problem. Prevention efforts have shown the dangers and evils of drugs to emphasizeon the worth of
people and the coping skills needed to avoid a destructive pattern of drug dependence. Specific
prevention skills included goal setting, decision making, and conflict resolution. The goal of prevention is
to develop active, involved, empowered, and capable young people.
Efforts to prevent drug use focused primarily on providing the following:
1. Information on the dangers of specific drugs;
2. Warnings of physical, social and psychological harm, and
3. Punishments for sale, use and possession.

Empowerment, a Key to Drug Prevention

A term often used in prevention program is "empowerment, as many drug preventionprograms
emphasize empowering individuals. The basic goal of prevention is to empower individuals and prevent
the destructive passive choice of alcohol/drug dependence and addiction. These prevention programs
are usually targeted at the general school population, rather than the high-risk students who have
already exhibited problem behaviors in and outside of school (Fields 2004).
Empowerment is a feeling that is developed by being able to:
1. Say no when that is what one feels and wants;
2. Establish the core aspects of a sense of self;
 3. Be aware of what one feels and integrate and communicate those feelings toothers in
establishing goals and making decisions;
4. Establish and set boundaries, especially in interpersonal and intimaterelationships; and
5. Estabish integrity in relationships and a healthy, nondestructive,
nonsabotagingapproach to life.

THE LAW ON PROHIBITED DRUGS

In the Republic Act 9165 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous DrugsAct of 2002,
it is stated that the policy of the State is to safeguard the integrity of its territory and the well-being of
its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs on their physical and
mental well-being, and to defend the same against acts or omissions detrimental to their development
and preservation. In view of the foregoing, the State needs to enhance further the efficacy of the law
against dangerous drugs, it being one of today's more serious social ills. The main agency of the
government for the enforcement of law in drug prevention is the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(PDEA).

The Penalties for Sale, Possession and Use of Dangerous Drugs

1. Sale and Trading of Dangerous Drugs
Selling is any act of giving away any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursorand
essential chemical whether for money or any other consideration (Section 5, RA9165)

Penalty
Imprisonment Fine
Sale, Trade, Administer,
Dispense, Deliver, Distribute or
Transport Dangerous Drugs
Life Imprisonment P 500,000.00-P 10,000.00

2. Possession of Dangerous Drugs

Possession is defined as any person, who are not authorized by law,
possessingdangerous drugs.
Types of Drugs Content Penalties
Imprisonment Fine
Opium 10 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more
Morphine 10 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more
Heroin 10 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more
Cocaine 10 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more
Shabu 50 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more
Marijuana 500 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
 or more
Ecstasy 10 grams Life Imprisonment P500,000.00-P10,000,000.00
or more

3. Use of Dangerous Drugs

Drug user is any person who injects, smokes, sniffs, swallows, or otherwise introduces
prohibited drugs in the system of their body.

Type of Offender Penalty

Imprisonment Fine
First Time 6 months (rehabilitation) None
Second Time 6 years-12 years (jail) P50,000.00-P200,000.00
 Activity Sheet 4
Name: Date:
Course/Year: Instructor:

Directions: Complete the following phrases by supplying one to three sentences.

1. The characteristics of personality of potential drug addicts and alcoholics are

2. There are lot of factors that contribute to drug addiction, some of them are

3. The family plays a great role in preventing someone to use illegal drugs because

4. As a student and a law abiding citizen, I can help eradicate the use of drugs because

5. Idon't want to smoke cigarettes because