Department of Education: Grade 10 Science

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Caraga Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
MALIXI INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
L E A R N I N G A C T I V I T Y No. 1
Activity Title: Plate Tectonics
Learning Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
Competencies: mountain belts. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Learning Target: Describe the plate tectonics of the earth.
Reference: 1. Science 10 LM, pp. 6

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dme (Plate Tectonic video clip)
What is Plate Tectonics?

Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust and the
upper part of the mantle. This part of the module will focus on
the outermost layer which is called crust.
The crust is made of a variety of solid rocks like
sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. It has an average
density of 2.8 g/cm3 and its thickness ranges from 5 to 50 km.
The crust is thickest in a part where a relatively young mountain
is present and thinnest along the ocean floor.
A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a
massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic
lithosphere. Plate size can vary greatly, from a
few hundred to thousands of kilometers across.
The crust of our planet is cracked into
seven large plates (Pacific, Africa, Eurasia,
Indo-Australia, North America, Antarctic and
South America) and many other smaller slabs of
rock called plates, averaging about 50 miles
thick. As they move (only inches every year), and
depending on the direction of that movement,
they collide, forming deep ocean trenches,
mountains, volcanoes, and generating earthquakes.
Exercise:
1. What is plate tectonics? ________________________________________________
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2. What are the seven large plates of the earth? ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Answer Key
1. A tectonic plate (also called lithospheric plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab
of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
2. Pacific, Africa, Eurasia, Indo-Australia, North America, Antarctic and South

America
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Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
Activity Title: Amazing Waves!
Competency: mountain belts. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.1)
Learning Target: Describe a seismic wave.
Identify the two types of seismic waves
Reference: Science 10 LM, Unit 1, Module 2, pp. 43-44
Suggested Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA_OLKfQpYA
Earthquake is a vibration of the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy most often
because of the slippage along a fault in the Earth’s crust. This energy radiates in all directions from
the focus in the form of waves called seismic waves, which are recorded in seismographs. Seismic
waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an
explosion. They are the energy that travels through the earth and is recorded on seismographs.
The two main types of seismic waves are body waves and
surface waves:
1. Surface waves can only travel through the surface of the

Earth. They arrive after the main P and S waves and are
confined to the outer layers of the earth. It happens under
the surface of the earth.
2. Unlike surface waves, body waves can travel through the

Earth’s inner layers. With this characteristic of the body
waves, they are used by scientists to study the Earth’s
interior. These waves are of a higher frequency than the
surface waves. It happens on the surface of the earth.
Exercise:
1. What is a seismic wave?
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2. Differentiate body waves from surface waves.
3. During an earthquake, where do seismic wave originate?
Answer Key:
1. Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock
within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy that travels through the
earth and is recorded on seismographs.
2. Surface waves can only travel through the surface of the Earth. Unlike surface
waves, body waves can travel through the Earth’s inner layers.
3. During an earthquake, energy is released in waves that travel from the
earthquake's focus or point of origin, in the form of seismic waves. The seismic
waves radiate from the focus like ripples on the surface of a pond moving
outward from where a stone is thrown into the water. Seismic waves cause
intense shaking at the Earth surface that can cause buildings and roads to
collapse.
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Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
Activity Title: Pacific Ring of Fire
Competency: mountain belts. (S10ES –Ia-j-36.1)
Learning Target: Name some volcanic activities around the Ring of Fire.
Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 37-40
The Pacific Plate is the largest tectonic plate on Earth, an area covering 103 million square
kilometers beneath the Pacific Ocean. Almost entirely an oceanic tectonic plate, it is subducted
underneath large and small continental plates that surround it. The Pacific Ring of Fire is susceptible
to and very much frequented by volcanism-related geologic activities such as volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, faulting and tsunamis, among others.
Some examples of volcanic activities around the Ring of Fire

1. Christchurch, New Zealand - on February 22,2011, a 6.3-magnitude earthquake was caused by
the movement of a 15-km-long shallow fault along the southern edge of Christchurch, New
Zealand
2. Luzon, Philippines - Mt. Pinatubo lies on a subduction zone where the Eurasian Plate descends
below the Philippine Plate at the Manila trench.
3. Tohoku, Japan – on March 11,2011, a 9.0 – magnitude earthquake, whose epicenter was 130km
east of Sendai, Tohoku, struck the east coast of Japan.
4. Michoacan, Mexico - Mt.Paricutin, a cinder cone volcano, is the only volcano that was studied
from birth in 1943 to its extinction in 1952. The birth of this volcano was manifested by blobs
of lava oozing from the fissure, by tons of sulfur gas released into the atmosphere from the
forming cone, and by loud sounds and earthquakes.
5. Chile - is an earthquake prone country. It has had the largest earthquakes in history, including
the 8.8 – and 8.2 magnitude quakes on February 27,2010 and April 1, 2014, respectively.
Exercise:
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1. What is the largest tectonic plate on Earth?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Enumerate at least four tectonic volcanic activities around the Ring of Fire.
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Answer key:
1. Pacific Plate
2. A.) Mt. Pinatubo in Luzon, Philippines
B.) 6.3 magnitude earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand
C.) Mt. Paricutin in Michoacan, Mexico and the earthquake in Chile.
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Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
Activity Title: Divergent Plate Boundary
Learning
Describe the different types of plate boundaries. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.2)
Competencies:
Learning Target: Define divergent plate boundaries.
Determine the results of plates that are moving apart.
Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 28
Two plates that move away from each other create a gap or a rift between them. When the
gap eventually widens, it then evolves into a rift valley. Divergent boundaries between oceanic plates
produce mid-oceanic ridges, which refer to mountain ranges under water. In places where molten lava
or magma can move up and fill the gap, volcanic islands are eventually formed. Molten lava that rises
eventually cools and forms part of the ocean floor. This is called seafloor spreading or ocean floor
spreading. If there are two continents located on these plates, they are pulled apart. Eurasia and
North America move away from each
other at a rate of five centimeters per
year. As a result, the Atlantic Ocean is
getting wider.
Any continent or landmass above a
divergent plate boundary will be literally
torn apart into distinct landmasses.
Surrounding waters will fill the space
between them and later become an ocean.
The Great East African Rift valley is an
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example of this phenomenon. Millions of years from now, East Africa and West Africa may be
separated from each other by an ocean.
Exercise:
1. Define divergent plate boundary?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Enumerate the results involve in plate movements.
___________________________________________________________________
Answer Key:
1. Divergent Boundary are two plates that move away from each other.
2. Ridges, Volcanic Island, seafloor spreading or ocean floor spreading.
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Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
Activity Title: Convergent Plate Boundary

Learning
Competencies:
Learning Target: Describe convergent plate boundary.
Differentiate the cases of convergence.
Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 28
Convergent boundaries occur where two plates slide towards each other and form either a
subduction zone (if one plate moves underneath the other) or an orogenic belt (if the two simply
collide and compress). An orogenic belt is a region of deformed rocks. What happens at the boundary
depends on the nature of the colliding plates. There are three possible cases: oceanic-oceanic,
oceanic-continental, and continental-continental convergence.
When two oceanic plates collide, a subduction
zone is formed. The descending oceanic plate begins to
melt upon contact with the asthenosphere. The molten
material begins to rise, creating a chain of volcanoes. An
oceanic trench, a long, narrow depression in the ocean
floor, is also created at the subduction zone. The
Mariana trench in the Western Pacific Ocean originated
from this type of convergence.
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental
plate, the oceanic plate subducts beneath the
continental plate possibly forming a trench. Volcanic
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mountains also develop on land. The Andes Mountains in South America and the Cascade Range in
North America are formed by this type of convergence .
When two continental plates collide, no
subduction happens. Instead, the continents suture
themselves. The continental crust buckles and rocks pile
up, creating towering mountain ranges. The Alps and the
Himalayas are formed this way.
Exercise: Illustrate the difference of the
three cases:
a.) oceanic-oceanic b.) continental-oceanic c.) continental-continental
(Additional Sheet will be provided)
Grade 10 Science
1st Quarter
Activity Title: Transform Plate Boundary
Learning
Competencies:
Learning Target: Describe transform plate boundary
Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 9-10
In transform plate boundaries, the plates slide against each other in opposite directions. A
horizontal strike-slip fault occurs in areas where there is a transform plate boundary. No mountains
or volcanoes are produced. Instead, earthquakes result from the movement of plates, and release
massive amounts of energy. At transform boundaries lithosphere is neither created nor destroyed.
Many transform boundaries are found on the sea floor, where they connect segments of diverging
mid-ocean ridges. California's San Andreas fault is a transform boundary.
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Exercise:
What characterizes the transform plate boundaries?
a. oceanic-oceanic
b. continental-oceanic
c. continental-continental
(Additional Sheet will be provided)
Name:___________________________ Grade Level & Section:_________________

Subject: __________________________ Date: __________________________
Topic: Types of Plate Boundaries

MELC: Describe the different types of plate boundaries. (S10ES-Ia-j-36.2)
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Republic of the Philippines

Activity Title: Plate Tectonics

Learning Target: Describe the plate tectonics of the earth.

Reference: 1. Science 10 LM, pp. 6

What is Plate Tectonics?

2. Pacific, Africa, Eurasia, Indo-Australia, North America, Antarctic and South

Activity Title: Amazing Waves!

Learning Target: Describe a seismic wave.

Identify the two types of seismic waves

Reference: Science 10 LM, Unit 1, Module 2, pp. 43-44

Suggested Link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uA_OLKfQpYA

1. Surface waves can only travel through the surface of the

2. Unlike surface waves, body waves can travel through the

3. During an earthquake, where do seismic wave originate?

Activity Title: Pacific Ring of Fire

Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 37-40

Some examples of volcanic activities around the Ring of Fire

Activity Title: Divergent Plate Boundary

Learning Target: Define divergent plate boundaries.

Determine the results of plates that are moving apart.

Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 28

Activity Title: Convergent Plate Boundary

Activity Title: Transform Plate Boundary

Learning Target: Describe transform plate boundary

Reference: Exploring Life Through Science Series page 9-10

Name:___________________________ Grade Level & Section:_________________

Topic: Types of Plate Boundaries

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