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ERMA TEKNIK LTD. CO. Doc. No.
ERMA 5006B
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AND POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT
SERVICES Issued Date 15.02.2005
4.Sanayi Sitesi 129/8 Sokak No:2 Bornova – Izmir – Turkey
Tel: +90 232 375 52 83 Fax:+90 232 375 27 79 Rev. No. 0
e-mail: kontrol@ermateknik.com.tr
www.ermateknik.com.tr Page No. 1/7
VISUAL TEST PROCEDURE
1 17.04.2007 Revision Volkan YILMAZ Volkan YILMAZ Maruf

ERÇELTİK
Maruf
0 15.02.2005 First issue Serkan KARADAŞ Kaya AKIN
ERÇELTİK
Reason for
Rev. Date Prepared by Checked by Approved by
change
ERMA Teknik
ERMA TEKNIK LTD. CO. Doc. No. ERMA 5006B
Tel: +90 232 375 52 83 Fax:+90 232 375 27 79 Rev. No. 0
CONTENS
1) PURPOSE
2) RESPONSIBILITIES
3) GENERAL
4) PROCEDURE
5) ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
6) REPORTING
7) RE-EXAMINATION
8) REFERANCES
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this procedure is to determine such things as the surface condition, alignment of
joining surfaces, shape, profile, of the welded joints
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2. RESPONSIBILITIES AND SCOPE
This procedure covers the visual examination of fusion welds performed according to the Code.
The examination is normally performed on welds in the as-welded condition but when required by
the referencing Code, the examination may be carried out at other stages during the welding
process.
Personnel who carry out examination should be informed about the welding procedure to be used
and shall have natural or corrected near distance acuity such that they are capable of reading
standard J-1 letters on standard Jaeger test type chart (or equivalent) for near vision, which should
be checked every 12 months.
3. METHOD AND PROCEDURE
3.1. GENERAL
3.1.1 DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION
The illumination at the surface shall be a minimum of 500 lx. For performance of direct inspection,
access shall be sufficient to place the eye within 600 mm of the surface to be examined and at an
angle not less than approximately 30. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of vision, and
aids such as a magnifying lens may be used to assist examination. Welds shall be examined in the
as-welded condition while physical access is possible.
In case of doubt, visual examination should be supplemented by other NDT methods for surface
imperfections.
3.2. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF JOINT PREPARATION
When visual examination is required prior to welding in the referencing Code, the weld shall be
examined to check that:
a ) The shape and dimensions of the weld preparation meet the specific requirements given in the
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WPS,
b ) The fusion faces and adjacent surfaces are cleaned,
c ) The parts to be joined by welding are fixed in relation to each other according to drawings or
instructions.
3.3. VISUAL EXAMINATION DURING WELDING
When visual examination is required during the welding process in the referencing Code Section,
the weld shall be examined to check that:
a ) each run or layer of weld metal is cleaned before it is covered by a further run, particular
attention being paid to the junctions between the weld metal and fusion face,
b ) there are no visible imperfections, eg. cracks or cavities; if such imperfections are observed,
they shall be reported so that remedial action can be taken before the deposition of further weld
metal,
c ) the transition between the runs and between the weld and the parent metal has such a shape that
satisfactory melting can be accomplished when welding the next run,
d ) the depth and shape of gouging is in accordance with the WPS or compared with the original
groove shape in order to assure complete removal of the weld metal as specified.
3.4. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE FINISHED WELD
3.4.1 GENERAL
The finished weld shall be examined to determine whether it meets the acceptance criteria
mentioned in the referencing Code Section. If not specifically included within the requirements of
referencing Code section, the items detailed in 3.4.2 to 3.4.4 shall be checked.
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3.4.2 CLEANING AND DRESSING
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a ) all slag has been removed by manual or mechanical means. This is to avoid imperfections being
obscured,
b ) when weld dressing is required, overheating of the joint due to grinding is avoided, and
grinding marks and an uneven finish are also avoided,
c ) for fillet welds and butt welds to be dressed flush the joint merges smoothly with the parent
metal without under-flushing.
3.4.3 PROFILE AND DIMENSIONS
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a ) the profile of the weld face and the height of any excess weld metal meet the requirements of
the acceptance standard of the referencing Code Section (see para. 3.6)
b ) the surface of the weld is regular, the pattern and the pitch of weave marks present an even and
satisfactory visual appearance; the distance between the last layer and the parent metal has been
measured where required by the referencing Code Section,
c ) in the case of butt welds, it shall be checked that the weld preparation has been completely
filled.
3.4.4 WELD ROOT AND SURFACES
The visually accessible parts of the weld, i.e. the weld root for a single-sided butt weld and the
weld surfaces, shall be examined for deviations from the acceptance standards of the referencing
Code Section.
The weld shall be examined to check that
a ) in the case of single-sided butt welds, the penetration, root concavity and any burn-through or
shrinkage grooves are within the limits specified in the acceptance requirements over the whole
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of the joint,
b ) any undercut is within the acceptance requirements,
c ) any imperfections such as cracks or porosity detected, using optical aids when necessary in the
weld surface or heat affected zones comply with the acceptance requirements,
d ) any attachments temporarily welded to the object to facilitate production or assembly which are
prejudicial to the function of the object or the ability to examine it, are removed so that the
object is not damaged. The area where the attachment was fixed shall be checked to ensure
freedom from cracks.
3.5. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF REPAIRED WELDS
3.5.1 GENERAL
When welds fail to comply wholly or in part with the acceptance criteria, and repair is necessary,
the checks detailed in 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 shall be made during repair operation.
3.5.2 PARTIALLY REMOVED WELD
It shall be checked that the excavation is sufficiently deep and long to remove all imperfections. It
shall also be ensured that there is a gradual taper from the base of the cut to the surface of the weld
metal at the ends and sides of the cut, the width and profile of the cut being such that there is
adequate access for re-welding.
3.5.3 COMPLETELY REMOVED WELD
It shall be checked that, when a cut has been made through a faulty weld and there has been no
serious loss of material, or when a section of materials containing a faulty weld has been removed
and a new section is to be inserted, the shape and dimensions of the weld preparation meet the
specified requirements.
3.5.4 EXAMINATION
Every repaired weld shall be examined to the same requirements as the original weld.
3.6. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
See EN ISO 5817 and related standards for acceptance criteria.
3.7. RECORD
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When required by the referencing Code Section, a measurement and visual examination report
( 1014A ) shall be provided.
4. REFERENCES
4.1. EN 970
4.2. EN 6520-1
4.3. EN 13018
4.4. EN ISO 5817
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ERMA TEKNIK LTD. CO. Doc. No.

VISUAL TEST PROCEDURE

1 17.04.2007 Revision Volkan YILMAZ Volkan YILMAZ Maruf

2. RESPONSIBILITIES AND SCOPE

3. METHOD AND PROCEDURE

3.1.1 DIRECT VISUAL EXAMINATION

3.2. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF JOINT PREPARATION

b ) The fusion faces and adjacent surfaces are cleaned,

3.3. VISUAL EXAMINATION DURING WELDING

3.4. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF THE FINISHED WELD

3.4.2 CLEANING AND DRESSING

The weld shall be examined to check that:

3.4.3 PROFILE AND DIMENSIONS

The weld shall be examined to check that:

3.4.4 WELD ROOT AND SURFACES

The weld shall be examined to check that

b ) any undercut is within the acceptance requirements,

3.5. VISUAL EXAMINATION OF REPAIRED WELDS

3.5.2 PARTIALLY REMOVED WELD

3.5.3 COMPLETELY REMOVED WELD

3.6. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

See EN ISO 5817 and related standards for acceptance criteria.

4.4. EN ISO 5817

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