04 Task Performance 1 - ARG

The side effects of a new drug are

being tested against a placebo. A simple random sample of 565 patients
yields the results below. At a significance level of α = 0.10, is there enough
evidence to conclude that the treatment is independent of the aside effect of
nausea?
Result Drug Placebo Total
Nausea 36 13 49
No Nausea 254 262 516
Total 290 275 565

A. null hypothesis H0 : for the side effects of new drug are being tested
against a placebo are not related.
B. The alternative hypothesis Ha : for the side effects of new drug are being
tested against a placebo are related.
C. α= 0.10
D. The degrees of freedom:
(number of rows −1)×(number of columns−1)=(2−1)×(2-1)= 1×1= 1
E. The test statistic using the table:
Row, E 0 0-E (0-E ¿2 0-E ¿2
Column ¿
¿
¿
1,1 29∗ 290 36 10.8 116.64 4.629
=
565
25.2
1,2 49 ∗275 13 -10.9 118.81 4.917
=
565
23.9
2,1 516∗ 290 254 -10.8 116.64 0.440
=
565
264.8
2,2 516∗ 275 262 10.8 116.64 0.464
=
565
251.2

Observed−expected ¿2 0−E¿2
¿ ¿
¿ = ¿
¿ ¿
X2=∑¿ ∑¿ = 10.504

F. From α= 0.10 and d.f = 1, The critical value is 2.71

G. Since X2 ≈ 10.504 ¿ 2.71 there is enough statistical evidence to conclude
that the treatment is independent of the aside effect of nausea, there is a
relationship between a new drug are being tested against a placebo