ROMERO STEPHANIE SHIENNE V.

BSTM-105

1. The side effects of a new drug are being tested against a placebo. A simple random sample of 565
patients yields the results below. At a significance level of 𝛼 = 0.10, is there enough evidence to
conclude that the treatment is independent of the side effect of nausea?

Result Drug Placebo Total

Nausea 36 13 49

No nausea 254 262 516

Total 290 275 565

a.
The null hypothesis 𝐻O: (2 points)

The treatment and response are independent.

b.
The alternative hypothesis 𝐻𝛼: (2 points)

The treatment and response are independent.

c.
The level of significance 𝛼 = (2 points)

𝛼 = 0.10
d.
The degrees of freedom: (2 points)

(number of rows – 1) x (number of columns – 1) = (2 -1) x (2 – 1) = 1 x 1 = 1

e.
The test statistic can be calculated using a table: (4 items x 4 points)

Row, Column E O O-E ( O – E )2 ( O – E )2

E
1,1 49 . 290 36 10.85 117.72 4.681
565
1,2 49 . 275 13 -10.85 117.72 4.936
565
2,1 516 . 290 254 -10.85 117.72 0.444
565
2,2 516 . 275 262 10.85 117.72 0.469
565
f.
The critical value: (2 points)

From α = 0.10 and d. f. = 1, the critical value is 2.706

g.
g. Decision: (4 points)

Is there enough evidence to reject HO? Since x2 = 10.53 > 2.706, there is enough statistical evidence
to reject the null hypothesis and to believe in a connection between the treatment and response.