in g

m az
A

PHYSICS FORMULA
KBSM + KSSM
DREAM BIG
AIM HIGH
NEVER GIVE UP
alinaimanarif
CHAPTER
ELASTIC COLLISION:
EQUATIONS OF MOTION m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2 v2
2 INELASTIC COLLISION:
m1u1 + m2u2 = ( m1 + m2 ) v

FORCE:
F = ma
FORCE & MOTION

IMPULSIVE FORCE:
s
SPEED / VELOCITY: v= F=
m( v - u )
t t
v-u IMPULSE:
ACCELERATION: a=
t Ft = mv - mu

MOMENTUM: p = mv WEIGHT:

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W = mg
CHAPTER

2 WORK DONE / ENERGY: W = Fs HOOKE’S LAW:

W E F = kx
POWER: P = =
t t SPRING CONSTANT:

1 2 F
KINETIC ENERGY: Ek = mv k=
2 x
FORCE & MOTION

GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY:

ENERGY:
E p = mgh
1 1 2
E p = Fx = kx
Eout 2 2
EFFICIENCY: E = x100%
Ein

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CHAPTER
F

3 PRESSURE:

PRESSURE IN LIQUID:
P=
A
P = r gh
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE:

P=
F1 F2
=
A1 A2
P = A1h1 = A2 h2
FORCES & PRESSURE

Patm = 1.0 X 105 Pa BUOYANT FORCE:

FB = rVg
= 76 cm Hg

= 10 m water
= 1 Bar
= 1 atm
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CHAPTER Boyle’s law
P1V1 = P2V2
4 𝑇 𝜃 =
TEMPERATURE OF LIQUID:
!! " !"
!#"" " !"
X 100 oC
P V
TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY:

T
1 #/ #0
𝑚𝑣 # = 𝑚𝑐𝜃 = !/ !0
2 "/ "0 =
mgh = mcθ Pressure law "/ "0
Pt = mcθ
Charles’ law
HEAT ENERGY: Q = 𝑚𝑐𝜃
HEAT

LATENT HEAT ENERGY: Q = 𝑚𝐿 Important Notes:

T = (θ ºC + 273) K
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CHAPTER REFRACTIVE INDEX: LENS EQUATION:
1 1 1

5
sini
η= = +
sinr f u v
speed in air
=
speed in medium
H (Real)
=
h (Apparent)

!
𝜂=
"#$ %
LIGHT + OPTIC

POWER OF LENS:
1
P=
f
LINEAR MAGNIFICATION:
$ &$
m= =
% &%

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CHAPTER

5
POWER OF LENS:
1
P=
f

LINEAR
LIGHT + OPTIC

MAGNIFICATION:
'%
m ='
&

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CHAPTER

6
1
PERIOD: T=
f
(
FREQUENCY: f =)

SPEED OF
WAVES

WAVES:
v=f𝜆

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CHAPTER

6
WAVES

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CHAPTER

6
WAVES

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CHAPTER

λ = ax
D
λ = wavelength of water waves
WAVES

a = distance between two dippers

x = distance between two consecutive antinodal line or nodal line
D = distance between dippers and screen

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 The wavelength of monochromatic light can be found by the formula:
CHAPTER ax
a = distance between two slits
l=
6
x = distance between two consecutive bright fringe or dark fringe
D = distance between slits and screen D
When constructive occurs there will be a bright fringe.
When destructive occurs there will be a dark fringe.
WAVES

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 The wavelength of sound wave can be found by the formula:
CHAPTER ax
l=
6
a = distance between two loudspeakers
x = distance between two consecutive loud sound or soft sound
D = distance between loudspeakers and where the sound heard D
When constructive occurs there will be a loud sound.
When destructive occurs there will be a soft sound.
WAVES

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CHAPTER ELECTRIC CURRENT: ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE:
" $%
E = I (R + r)
7
I= #
= #
E = V + Ir
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE:
* , INTERNAL RESISTANCE:
V= +
= -. = IR m=-r
æE-V ö
RESISTANCE: = -ç ÷
è I ø
/ 0!
R= -
= 1
ELECTRICAL POWER:
ELECTRICITY

OHM’S LAW: * , /'

P= = = IV = I 2R =
. . 2
V = IR
ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
E = Pt

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CHAPTER ROOT MEAN SQUARE VALUE: Vp
Vrms =

8
2
Vrms = root mean square voltage (V)
Vp = peak voltage (V)

Ip
Irms =
ELECTROMAGNETISM

2
Irms = root mean square current (A)
Ip = peak current (A)

TRANSFORMER: Vs N s
=
Vp N p

IDEAL TRANSFORMER: VpIp = Vs I s

NON-IDEAL Vs I s
TRANSFORMER: Efficiency = x100%
VpIp
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CHAPTER ENERGY CHANGE OF ELECTRON IN AN ELECTRON GUN:

9
Kinetic Energy ⟶ Electrical Potential Energy

1
mv 2 = eV v = speed of electron (ms-1)
2 V = potential difference across the electron gun (V)
2eV e = charge of 1 electron (1.66 x 10-19 C)
v= m = mass of 1 electron (3.11 x 10-31 kg)
m

TRANSISTOR – POTENTIAL DIVIDER:

V1 + V2 = V
ELECTRONIC

&!
V1 = V
&!' &"

&"
V2 = V
&!' &"

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X= A
X= AÅÅ
A•B
+B B
•+BB
CHAPTER

9 Logic
Gate

has one or
more
ELECTRONIC

input signals
but only one
output
signal
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CHAPTER

10
𝛼- decay 𝛽− decay 𝛾− decay
A
Z X® A- 4
Z -2 Y + He 4
2
A
Z X ® Z +A1Y + -10e A
Z X ® ZA X + g
RADIOACTIVITY

HALF-LIFE: N = Amount of radioisotope particles after nth half-life

n No = Initial amount of radioisotope particles
æ1ö
N = ç ÷ No n = number of half-life
è2ø
NUCLEAR ENERGY:
E = mc2
m = mass change (kg)
c = speed of light (3 x 108 ms-1)
E = energy changed (J)
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CHAPTER GR AVITATIONA L FORCE

3 r
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

m2
m1
F = Gravitational force between two objects

𝐺𝑚! 𝑚" G = Universal gravitational constant

(6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)
𝐹= "
m1 = mass of first object

𝑟 m2 = mass of second object

r = distance between the center of two objects

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CHAPTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN g and G
r
3

IDEA!
Newton's Second
Law of Motion F = mg …………..1
Newton’s Universal 𝐺𝑚 𝑀
…………..2
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

Law of Gravitation 𝐹=
𝑟!
Equation 1 = Equation 2
𝐺𝑚 𝑀
𝑚𝑔 =
𝑟!
𝐺𝑀
𝑔= $
𝑟
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CHAPTER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN g and G g = Gravitational acceleration
G = Universal gravitational

3 𝑔=
𝐺𝑀
constant (6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)
M = mass of object
r = distance between the centers
(𝑅 + ℎ)(
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

𝐺𝑀
𝑔= ( 𝐺𝑀
𝑟 r h 𝑔=
(𝑅 − ℎ)(
(R+h)

r R h
(Radius of Earth,
R = 6.37 x 106 m) R
On the surface At a height Below the surface
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CHAPTER
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
3 For an object in a circular motion

!" !
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

F=
#
F = Centripetal force
m = mass of orbiting body
v = linear speed
r = radius of orbit

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CHAPTER
CENTRIPETAL FORCE

F
3 For an object in a circular motion

F=
!" %
Mass
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

F
#

Speed

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r F
CHAPTER CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION
3 Acceleration of an object in a circular motion

! !
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

a= r = (R+h)
"
a = Centripetal acceleration
v = linear speed
R h
r = radius of orbit

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CHAPTER
MASS OF A BODY
3 Mass of a body at the centre of an orbit
MEarth r
!
#$ " "
M=
T = time taken for
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

satellite to orbit the

%& ! Earth

M = Mass (object at center) MSun r

G = gravitational constant
(6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)
r = radius of orbit
T = Period of revolution T = time taken for
(time taken to circle the orbit) Earth to orbit the
Sun

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 1 All planets move in elliptical orbits
CHAPTER
KEPLER'S
with the sun at one focus
3
Perihelion point
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

MINOR AXIS
a place where the planet is
the closest to the Sun

MAJOR
AXIS

Aphelion point
a place where the planet is
the farthest to the Sun
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 2
CHAPTER A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps
KEPLER'S
3 (Law Of Areas)
out equal areas in equal times

=
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

time: A to B C to D
area:
AFB
= CFD

distance:
AB
> CD
linear
speed:
A to B
> C to D

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 period of any planet is

3
The square of
CHAPTER
directly proportional to the
KEPLER'S
3 (Law Of Period)
cube of the radius of its orbit

$ %
𝑇 ∝𝑟
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

𝟐
𝟏
𝐫𝟐 " #
𝐫𝟏 𝑇! 𝑟!
" = #
𝐓𝟏 𝑇" 𝑟"
𝐓𝟐
larger radius
A planet which orbits with a

has a longer orbital period

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CHAPTER
LINEAR SPEED
v
3 For satellite orbiting Earth

%' h
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

v= R
"
M = Mass of Earth
G = gravitational constant
(6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)
r = radius of orbit
v = linear speed

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CHAPTER
ESCAPE VELOCITY
3 Minimum velocity needed by an
object on the surface of the Earth
to overcome gravitational force
(%'
v=
and escape to outer space
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

"
M = Mass of Earth
G = gravitational constant
r (6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)
r = Distance of object (From the centre of Earth)
v = linear speed

M
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CHAPTER

3
GRAVITATION ++KSSM

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