ELSCIE REVIEWER

Concept of Life
1.Extraterrestrial Origin 2. Panspermia 3.Divine Creation 4.Origin From Nonliving Matter
Coacervate
=When lipids mix with water, they form bubbles
Characteristics of Life
Cellular Organization Metabolism Homeostasis Thermoregulation Reproduction
Heredity
Mutations
=is a change in a DNA sequence. Result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell
division.
Down’s Syndrome
= (Trisomy 21) 47 chromosomes, extra chromosome at pair #21
Six Unifying Themes in Life Science
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Perpetuation of Life
Reproduction
=giving rise to another organism of the same species
Asexual
=does not involve gametes or sex cells
Sexual
=involves gametes or sex cells
How Plants Reproduce
= reproduce sexually through a process called Pollination
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
=Pollination, Germination, Fertilization
Asexual Reproduction in Plants
=Producing runners and tubers
How Animals Reproduce
=animals need a male and female.
Reproduction in Animals
=Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.
Asexual Reproduce in Animals
*Germination- small buds appear on the body of the progenitor and develop into new individual
*Fertilization- new organism grow from a fragment of the progenitor. Worm and starfish
Sexual Reproduce in Animals
=requires two members of the opposite sex, a male and female. One has different
reproductive organs called Gonads
*Unisexual- each individual has one type of gonad: male and female
*Hermaphrodites- each individual has both male and female gonads.
Genetic Engineering
=conducted experiments on transferring genes from one organism to another organism.
=used to manufacture proteins, repair damaged genes, and identify individuals who may
carry an allele for a disease.

WEEK 13 & 14
1.Nutrition
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Human Body System
=There are 11 main systems that keep our bodies functioning.
1.Endocrine- regulation of body processes through hormone production
2.Nervous- processing center for sensor input, using the input to elicit appropriate
responses.
3.Respiratory- gas exchange between the internal and external environment.
4.Cardiovascular- circulation of blood, transports gases, nutrients, hormones, and
wastes.
5.Digestive- physical and chemical breakdown of food to allow absorption of nutrients.
6.Lymphatic- circulation of lymph, maintains fluid balance and helps fight infection.
7.Reproductive- production of reproductive cells that will generate offspring.
8.Urinary- filtration of blood and excretion of wastes from the body.
9.Integumentary- protection against the external environment and regulation of
temperature.
10.Skeletal- support and protection of many internal organs.
11.Muscular- voluntary and involuntary movement.
The Process of Evolution

3. Vestigial Structures- is an
Anatomical feature
or behavior that no Longer
seems to have a purpose in the
Current form of an organisms.
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Interaction and Interdependence

Biotic Potential
=max population growth rate under ideal conditions.
=one of the determining factors: how often each individual reproduces.
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Explain how human population growth is related to pollution problems?

=this depletion is deforestation and loss of biodiversity as humans strip the Earth of
resources to accommodate rising population numbers.
Why is biotic potential difficult to attain?
=because most species do not live under ideal environmental conditions