BIOSTAT WEEK 4

HEALTH INDICATORS  Infant Mortality Rate - the probability of dying between

birth and age one, expressed as the number of infant
 Mortality - state of being subject to “DEATH”.
deaths or deaths occurring before reaching 12 months
- Study of causes, consequences, and measurement of
of life in a given period per 1,000 live births.
processes affecting death to members of the
- represents the number of deaths of live born children
population.
less than 1 year old divide by all live births in the same
Mortality rate/death rate - is a measure of the
12 month period, so this rate is considered as crude
number of deaths in a particular population, scaled to
rate.
the size of that population, per unit of time.
- often used as an indication of such thing as health care
 Morbidity - the condition of being diseased.
access; we have economic status, geographic
Morbidity rate - the frequency or proportion with
differences in our environment.
which a disease appears in a population.

MORTALITY INDICATORS

 Crude Death Rate - number of deaths occurring among Example: The total number of live births in 2018 is 500.
the population of a given geographical area during a It is also reported at the same year that there was 50
given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the who died ages 0-1 year and 25 deaths ages 2-5 years
given geographical area during the same year. old. Compute for the infant mortality rate of year 2018
- Annual number of deaths per 1000 people  Neonatal Mortality Rate - A neonatal death is defined as
- Number of deaths in a period if time or within a year a death during the first 28 days of life
divided by the total midpoint population during that
same time, multiply by 1000
 Crude – it does not account for the age and
gender composition of a population  Post-neonatal Mortality Rate - number of residents
newborns dying 28 days but not including 1 year of age
in a specified geographic area divided by the number of
resident live births for the same geographic area and
multiplied by 1,000.
Example: The number of deaths in Pampanga in 2019 is
2500. The total population by mid-2019 was 300,000.
Compute for the CDR
 Maternal Mortality Rate - Maternal mortality refers to
deaths due to complications from pregnancy or
Crude rate – raw rate. Rate from the entire population
childbirth.
 Cause-Specific Mortality/Death Rate - is the number of
- The number of women who died (for reasons of
deaths from a specified cause per 100,000 person-years
pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium) to the number of
at risk.
reported livebirths in a given year, expressed as the
- May be adjusted for the age and sex composition, or
number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
other characteristics of the population.
- This is a note that is compromised by a numerator and
a denominator that is a subset of population
 Subsets- can be variable that may affect the
 Proportional Mortality Rate
outcome of being measured such as for ex. is age or
gender or for ex specific diseases

 Case Fatality Rate - the proportion of deaths within a

designated population of "cases" over the course of the
disease.
 BIOSTAT WEEK 4
- It is conventionally expressed as a percentage and
represents a measure of risk.
No . of deathsassigned ¿ a specific disease during a given year ¿
No . of new cases of that disease reported duringthe same ye

 Fetal Mortality Rate - number of fetal deaths in a

population occurring within a given period to the total
number of live births and fetal deaths occurring within
the same period, expressed per 1,000

MEASURES OF MORBIDITY

 Incidence Rate - Incidence in epidemiology is a measure

of the probability of occurrence of a given medical
condition in a population within a specified period of
time.
Number of disease onset
∑ of person at risk
 Prevalence Rate - Prevalence is a measurement of all
individuals affected by the disease at a particular time.

DEMOGRAPHY

 the study of a population or populations, particularly

with reference to size and density, fertility, mortality,
growth, age distribution, migration, vital statistics, and
the interaction of all of these with social and
environmental conditions/
 BIOSTAT WEEK 4

Lagi lang tatandaan that our

Infant mortality rate- is

Maternal mortality rate

Puerperium- this is the period of adjustment after the

childbirth during which the mothers reproductive system
return to its normal pre-pregnant stage.

Proportional mortality rate- it describes ung proportion of

our deaths in a specified population over a period of time
that is attributable to different poses (not sure sa spelling
ng poses pero ganyan ung pronunciation hehe)

Incidence rate- the number of new cases of disease in a

specified timeframe or ung mga bagong cases for example
is 2021 cases natin sa covid. In short new

Prevalence rate- no. of existing cases of the disease or eto

na ung mga old cases or in short existing.

Point prevalence- no. of cases of a health event at a certain

time. ex in a survey you would be ask if you are currently
smoking un ung point prevalence, may certain time.

Period prevalence- this is the number of cases of health

event in reference to a time period often atleast 6months
or 1 yr. ex if u would ask if u are smoking n the past 12
months so meron syang time period.

Lifetime prevalence- this is the no. of cases of the health

event in reference to the total lifetime. Ex if u would ask if
u ever smoke or the total lifetime.

3 primarily that affects our Demography

Birth/fertility- involves the no. of children

Mortality- study of the causes, consequences and

measurements of process that affects death to members of
the population.

Migration- it refers to the movement of the person from

origin place to a destination place across pre define
political boundary.