G12 Research 2 Module 6

GRADE

San Fabian National High School

San Fabian, Pangasinan
12
MODULE
in
PRACTICAL
RESEARCH 2
Quarter 2, Week 6-7,
Module 6

For queries,Region
Name of Teacher please
Contact
NumberI
contact us:
Messenger

ARLYN R. FERNANDEZ Pangasinan II

09494620209 Arlyn Estacio Rivo-Fernandez
SAN FABIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
San Fabian, Pangasinan
GERALD M. SAMBRANO 09275006812 Gerald Mariano Sambrano

SHIELA MARIE S. QUIAMSON 09461547755 Shiela Marie Baltazar Sibayan-Quiamson

1
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENTOFEDUCATION
Region I
Pangasinan II
SAN FABIAN NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
San Fabian, Pangasinan

ACTIVITY SHEETS IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

QUARTER 2, MODULE 6

MELC: Learning Competencies

The Learner:
1. Draws conclusions from research findings.
2. Formulates recommendations.
K to 12 BEC CG: CS_RS12-IIh-j-1, CS_RS12-IIh-j-2

Objectives:

The learner is able to:

1. form logical conclusions

2. make recommendations based on conclusions

3. write and present clear report

Prepared by:

ARLYN R. FERNANDEZ
SHS Teacher III

2
G12 Research 2 Module 6

UNIT 6: Reporting and Sharing

Introduction

Research adheres to a certain manner of making public its findings. It is incapable

of convincing and readers of the genuineness of the research report, unless it follows
the academically and professionally accepted standards of writing the report in terms of
its knowledge responsible for making the entire research study reputable, genuine, and
credible basis for effecting positive changes in this world (Baraceros 2016).

LESSON 1: Draws Conclusion and Recommendations

Drawing Conclusion

For any research project and any scientific discipline, concluding is the final, and
most important, part of the process. Whichever reasoning processes and research
methods were used, the conclusion is critical, determining success or failure. If an
exceptional experiment research study is summarized by a weak conclusion, the results
will not be taken seriously. Success or failure is not a measure of whether a hypothesis
is accepted or refuted, because both results still advance scientific knowledge
(Shuttleworth 2014).

Failure is the result of poor experimental design, or errors in the reasoning

processes, which invalidate the results. As long as the research process is robust and
well designed, then the findings are sound, and the process of concluding begins.
Usually, a researcher will summarize what they believe has been learned from the
research, and will try to assess the strength of the hypothesis.

For instance, even if the null hypothesis is accepted, a strong conclusion will
analyze why the results were not as predicted. In an observational research study, with
no hypothesis, the researcher will analyze the findings, and establish if any valuable
new information has been uncovered.

Generating Leads for Future Research

However, only a few experiments give clear-cut results, and most research uncovers
more questions than answers. The researcher can use these to suggest interesting
directions for further study. If, for instance, the null hypothesis was accepted, there are
trends apparent within the results. These could form the idea of further study, or
experimental refinement and redesign.

3
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Evaluation - Flaws in the Research Process

According to Shuttleworth & Wilson (2018), the researcher will then evaluate any
apparent problems with the experiment. This involves critically evaluating any
weaknesses and errors in the design, which may have influenced the results. Even strict,
‘true experimental’, designs have to make compromises, and the researcher must be
thorough in pointing these out, justifying the methodology and reasoning.

For example, when drawing conclusions, the researcher may think that another
causal effect influenced the results, and that this variable was not eliminated during the
experimental process. A refined version of the experiment may help to achieve better
results, if the new effect is included in the design process.

In the global warming example, the researcher might establish that carbon dioxide
(CO2) emission alone cannot be accountable for global warming so propose that
methane may also be the one factor in global warming. A new study would incorporate
methane into the model of your research study.

Suggestions Based Upon the Conclusions

The final stage is the researcher’s recommendations based upon the results,
depending upon the field of study. This area of the research process can be based around
the researcher’s personal opinion, and will integrate previous studies.

Summary - The Strength of the Results

The key to drawing a valid conclusion is to ensure that the deductive and inductive
processes are correctly used, and that all steps of the scientific method were followed.

If your research had a robust design, questioning and scrutiny will be devoted to
the experiment conclusion, rather than the methods.

Recommendations

Other recommendations may also be appropriate. When preparing this section,

remember that in making your recommendations, you must show how your results
support them. A recommendation for a preferred alternative should include:

1. Specifically stating what should be done, the steps required to implement the
policy, and the resources needed;

2. discussion of the benefits to the organization and what problems would be

corrected or avoided;

3. discussion of the feasibility of the proposed policy; and

4. general statement about the nature and timing of an evaluation plan that would
be used to determine the effectiveness of the proposed policy.

4
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Recommendations for Further Research

In this section, you finally have the opportunity to present and discuss the actions
that future researchers should take as a result of your Project. A well-thought-out set of
recommendations makes it more likely that the organization will take your
recommendations seriously. Ideally you should be able to make a formal
recommendation regarding the alternative that is best supported by the study. Present
and discuss the kinds of additional research suggested by your project.

LESSON 2: List Reference

A bibliography is a list of the sources you used to get information for your report.
It is included at the end of your report, on the last page (or last few pages).

You will find it easier to prepare your final bibliography if you keep track of each
book, encyclopedia, or article you use as you are reading and taking notes. Start a
preliminary, or draft, bibliography by listing on a separate sheet of paper all your
sources. Note down all the full title, author, place of publication, publisher, and date of
publication for each source. Also, every time a fact gets recorded on a note card, its
source should be noted in the top right corner. When you are finished writing your paper,
you can use the information on your note cards to double-check your bibliography.

GENERAL GUIDE TO FORMATTING A BIBLIOGRAPHY

For a book:

Author (last name first). Title of the book. City: Publisher, Date of Publication.

EXAMPLE: Dahl, Roald. The BFD. New York: Farrar, Straus and giroux, 1982.

For an encyclopedia:

Encyclopedia Title, Edition Date. Volume Number, “Article Title,” page numbers.

EXAMPLE: The Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1997. Volume 7, “Gorillas,” pp.50-51.

For a magazine:

Author (last name first), “Article Title” Name of magazine. Volume number, (Date):
page numbers.

5
G12 Research 2 Module 6

EXAMPLE: Jordan, Jennifer. “Filming at the Top of the World.” Museum of Science
Magazine. Volume 47, No. 1, (Winter 1998): p. 11.

For a newspaper:

Author (last name first), “Article Title.” Name of Newspaper, city, state of publication.
(date): edition if available, section page, page numbers(s).

EXAMPLE: Powers, Ann. “New Time for the Material Girl.” The New York Times,
New York, NY. (3/1/98): Atlantic Region, Section 2, p. 34.

For a person:

Full name (last name first). Occupation. Date of interview.

EXAMPLE: Smeckleburg, Sweets, Bus driver. April 1, 1996.

For a film:

Title, Director, Distributor, Year.

EXAMPLE: Braveheart, Dir. Mel Gibson, Icon Productions, 1995.

CD-ROM:

EXAMPLE: Compton’s Multimedia Encyclopedia: Macintosh version, 1995. “Civil

rights movement,” p. 3. Compton’s Newsmedia.

6
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Magazine article:

Author (last name first), “Article title.” Name of magazine (type of medim).
Volume number, (Date): page numbers. If available: publisher of medium, version, date
of issue.

EXAMPLE: Rollins, Fred. “Snowboard Madness.” Sports Stuff (CD-ROM). Number

15, (February 1997): pp. 15-19. SIRS, Mac version, Winter 1997.

Newspaper article:

Author (last name first). “Article title.” Name of newspaper (Type of medium), city
and state of publication. (Date): If available: Edition, section and page numbers(s). If
available: publisher of medium, version, date of issue.

EXAMPLE: Stevenson, Rhoda. “Nerve Cells.” Community News (CD-ROM), Nassan,

NY. (Feb 1996): pp. A45, SIRS, Mac. Version, Spring 1996.

Outline Resources

Internet:

Author of message, (Date). Subject of message. Electronic conference or bulletin board

(Online). Available e-mail: LISTSERV@e-mail address.

EXAMPLE: Ellen Block, (September 15, 1995). New Winners. Teen Booklist (Online).
Helen Smith@wellington.com

World Wide Web:

URL (Uniform Resource Locator or WWW address). author (or item’s name, if
mentioned), date.

EXAMPLE: (Boston Globe’s www address) http://www.boston.com Today’s News.

August 1, 1996.

7
G12 Research 2 Module 6

The Process of Report Writing

A report presents the results of an investigation of a topic or issue in a formal

objective manner. Recommendations are often made to solve a problem or indicate
directions for further research.

1. Analyze the task

* Identify the purpose and the audience.

- The purpose statement contains words like: ‘The aim of this research is to
investigate/analyse/…’

- The audience is the person who has commissioned the research: the decision
maker, e.g. the client or manager. This determines the level of detail included.

* Decide on the sections of the report. (See over for a guide. You may not need all
these headings and you may create your own.

If you are not sure what the report requires, check with your lecturer.)

2. Brainstorm to determine the issues

* Bring all your ideas together on one page to

- decide which issues and topics are relevant to the purpose of your research.

- create a preliminary outline of headings to ensure the relevance of these issues

to the purpose.

- identify possible sources of information (primary and secondary) to address

the issues.

* Mind maps are very useful at this stage. (See study Tip on mind mapping for more
information).

8
G12 Research 2 Module 6

3. Collect Information

* Gather information from both primary and secondary sources using

recommended texts and library material first. Select the most credible and reliable
sources of information to address the issues.

* Conduct any tests, surveys or other research tasks; make notes on the findings.

* Look for ways to structure the sections of the report in order to integrate your
results and research.

* Record bibliographic details of all references used to save time, ensure accuracy,
avoid plagiarism.

4. Sort the information and plan an outline

* Draw your conclusions first: this is what you are reporting on.

* Organize the information under appropriate headings and subheadings.

The plan should include:

- findings: main points with suitable subheadings to indicate the topic.

- a brief outline of the introduction with the purpose and scope and the
methodology (if required).

- discussion points: evidence and arguments related to your conclusions and

recommendations.
5. Finalize your research

* This is focused research, providing evidence from other studies to expand on your
main points.

* Refine your search to locate precise and current information and evidence in
academic journals from library databases. Use efficient reading strategies to
locate the information (Study Tip: Efficient reading)

9
G12 Research 2 Module 6

6. Write the report

* Write the introduction and methodology first, then findings, discussion and
conclusions related to the purpose.

* Remember, a paragraph must contain one main idea stated in the topic sentence.
Other sentences explain, support and give evidence from the literature, and/or
provide examples. Refer to figures and tables, etc. In the paragraphs. Make sure
these are clearly labeled.

* Reference carefully. You must always acknowledge the source of information,

whether quoting directly or paraphrasing, the sources of images, graphics and
formulae must also be acknowledged.

Edit and proofread

* is the report clear, concise, complete, coherent, and correct? Is the language
objective and formal?

* Focus on logic and coherence first. Then proof read for spelling, punctuation and
grammar errors. Finally, check the layout, table of contents, graphics, captions,
references, title page, headers and footers, etc.

* Save additional copies of the submitted report in other locations, e.g. your RMIT
H-drive, USB, cloud, etc.

LESSON 3: Selection Criteria and Process of Best Design

Qualities of a Good Research Design

According to High Definition books, the qualities of a good research design are
mentioned below:

1. Good research is systematic: It means that research is structured with specified steps
to be taken in a specified sequence in accordance with the well-defined set of rules.
Systematic characteristic of the research does not rule out creative thinking but it
certainly does reject the use of guessing and intuition in arriving at conclusions.

10
G12 Research 2 Module 6

2. Good research is logical: This implies that research is guided by the rules of logical
reasoning and the logical process of induction and deduction are of great value in
carrying out research. Induction is the process of reasoning from a part to the whole
whereas deduction is the process of reasoning from some premise t a conclusion
which follows from that very premise. In fact logical reasoning makes research more
meaningful in the context of decision making.

3. Good research is empirical: It implies that research is related basically to one or more
aspects of a real situation and deals with concrete data that provides a basis for
external validity to research results.

4. Good research is replicable: This characteristic allows research results to be verified

by replicating the study and thereby building a sound basis for decisions.

Research design and Execution

An understanding of research design and execution is important for enabling

graduates to provide effective service to a wide variety of researchers and to evaluate
archival operations from the perspective of users. It also allows graduates to assess the
status of research in their own discipline, to undertake new research, and to blend
theoretical and empirical aspects of archival studies into scholarly investigations.

Finalizes and present best designs

As a researcher finalizing your research paper is important in order to: free your
paper from any flaws (grammatical, punctuation, spelling); ensure that all of the parts
contain the information needed; assure that all the part necessary for the research are
included; and reference are properly cited in the text ad in the bibliography.

General

> The paper follows the order prescribed by the teacher.

> The paper had been proofread and all correction are made.

>The title page contains all necessary information and follows the format specified by
the teacher.

11
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Sources

> All the sources used in the paper are properly cited in the list of references.

> All ideas and references from the source have been internally cited within the paper
in text citation).

> Do not use information from unreliable sources (Wikipedia, sparknotes, and clifnotes
etc.)
Development

> The ideas included in the paper are appropriate for each part.

> The paper follows logical order.

> Subtopics are supported with examples, quotation, references, description and/or
definition.

12
G12 Research 2 Module 6

<---------------------------------------------------->

Activity 1

<------------------------------------------------>

PERFORMANCE TASK

Your task is to write a conclusion and recommendation based on the result of your
study. Your output will be scored through quality of content and quality of writing using
a Rubric.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Recommendation

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

13
G12 Research 2 Module 6

<--------------------------------------------------->

Activity 2: PERFORMANCE TASK

<------------------------------------------------>

Make a list to keep track of all the books, magazines, and websites you read as you
follow your background research plan. Later this list of sources will become your
bibliography. Follow the given format in this module.

REFERENCES

Books

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Websites

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Magazines

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

14
G12 Research 2 Module 6

<------------------------------------>

Activity 3

<----------------------------------->

It’s Time to Share your Findings

This time, you’re required to present your research study in your class.

15
G12 Research 2 Module 6

Practical Research 2
Grade
Quarter 2 - Module 6
12 Module Title: Reporting and Sharing
Subject Teacher: 2
Name: _______________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________________Strand: ________________
Barangay: ____________________________________________________
ANSWER SHEET
MODULE 6
SUMMATIVE TEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. ENCIRCLE THE LETTER OF YOUR
ANSWER.

1. What is the importance of research design and execution?

A. Is important for enabling graduates to provide effective service to a wide variety
of researchers.
B. Is important for enabling graduates to provide effective service to a wide variety
of researchers.
C. Focus on logic and coherence first.
D. All of these
2. As a researcher finalizing your research paper is important in order to:
A. Free your paper from any flaws (grammatical, punctuation, spelling)
B. Ensure that all of the parts contain the information needed.
C. Assure that all the part necessary for the research are included
D. All of these
3. It allows graduates to assess the status of research in their own discipline, to
undertake new research, and to blend theoretical and empirical aspects of archival
studies into scholarly investigations.
A. Summary B. Research design and execution C. Findings D. Findings
4. It implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of a real situation
and deals with concrete data that provides a basis for external validity to research
results.
A. Good research is replicable C. Good research is empirical
B. Good research is logical D. Good research is systematic
5. It means that research is structured with specified steps to be taken in a specified
sequence in accordance with the well-defined set of rules.
A. Good research is replicable C. Good research is empirical
B. Good research is logical D. Good research is systematic
6. It presents the results of an investigation of a topic or issue in a formal objective
manner.
A. Summary B. Recommendation C. Report D. Conclusion

16
G12 Research 2 Module 6

7. The following are TRUE about identifying the purpose and the audience
EXECPT:
A. The purpose statement contains words like: “The aim of this research is to
investigate/analyze/…
B. The audience is the person who has commissioned the research: the decision
maker, e.g. the client or manager. This determines the level of detail included.
C. Decide on the sections of the report. (See over for a guide. You may not need
all these headings and you may create your own.
D. D. Mind maps are very useful at this stage.
8. Why analyzing the task is recommended in writing a research report?
A. Identify the purpose of the audience C. Collect information
B. Brainstorm to determine the issues D. None of the choices
9. Which of the following is TRUE about Collect Information as recommended in
writing a research report?
A. Gather information from both primary and secondary sources.
B. Conduct any tests, surveys or other research tasks; make notes on the findings.
C. Look for ways to structure the sections of the report in order to integrate your
results and research.
D. All of these
10. Your group mate asks you, what will be the last stem after writing a report. Your
BEST response will be:
A. Focus on logic and coherence first.
B. Then proofread for spelling, punctuation and grammar errors.
C. Both A and B only
D. Only A
11. It is a list of the sources you used to get information for your report.
A. Reference B. Citation C. Bibliography D. Sample
12. Why is bibliography important in your research study?
A. Discussion of the feasibility of the proposed policy.
B. Discussion of the benefits to the organization and what problems would be
connected or avoided.
C. Give clear-cut results, and most research uncovers more questions than answers.
D. It is a list of the sources you used to get information for your report and to give
support to the ideas coming from the different authors.
13. Which of the following is an example of proper formatting in writing a bibliography
of a book?
A. The Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1997. Volume 7, “Gorillas,” pp. 50-51.
B. Jordan, Jeniffer. “Filming at the Top of the World.” Museum of Science
Magazine. Volume 47, No. 1, (Winter 1998): p. 11.
C. Dahl, Roald. The BFG. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1982.
D. Powers, Ann. “New Tune for the Masteral Girl.” The New York Times, New
York, NY. (3/1/98): Atlantic Region, Section 2, p. 34.

17
G12 Research 2 Module 6

14. As a leader in your group, how are you going to help or teach your group mates in
writing a bibliography?
A. Note down the full title, author, place of publication, publisher, and date of
publication for each source.
B. Every time a fact gets recorded on a note card, its source should be noted in the
top right corner.
C. When you are finished writing your paper, you can use the information on your
note cards to double-check your bibliography.
D. All of these
15. What is the best thing to do in writing a bibliography?
A. Start a preliminary, or draft, bibliography by listing on a separate sheet of paper
or paper all your sources.
B. Note down the full title, author, place of publication, publisher, and date of
publication for each source.
C. Also, every time a fact gets recorded on a note card, its source should be noted
in the top right corner.
D. All of these
16. It is the final and most important part of the process.
A. Treatment of data C. Recommendation
B. Conclusion D. Design
17. Why conclusion is important part of your study?
A. Generally, a researcher will summarize what they believe has been learned from
the research, and will try to assess the strength of the hypothesis.
B. Give clear-cut results, and most research uncovers more questions than answers.
C. Evaluate any apparent problem with the experiment.
D. All of these
18. Which of the following is TRUE about recommendation?
A. Give clear-cut results, and most research uncovers more questions than answers.
B. You must show how your results support them.
C. Evaluate any apparent problems with the experiment.
D. Questioning and scrutiny will be devoted to the experiment conclusion, rather
than the methods.
19. Which of the following is the main important use of a recommendation in the study?
A. Evaluate any apparent problems with the experiment.
B. You must show how your results support them.
C. Discuss the actions that future researchers should take as a result of your Project.
D. All of these
20. It is the strengths of the results and it is the key to drawing a valid conclusion is to
ensure that the deductive and inductive processes are correctly used, and that all
steps of the scientific method were followed.
A. Summary B. Recommendation C. Conclusion D. Research

18