‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
٢٦٥
 ٢٦٥ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬         ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
-١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٩٩٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢٠
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٦‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FK ٥٠٠٠٣٢٣٠٠٠
 K١٥٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬4
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
W‫א‬5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬7
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬8
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
Khaccp‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
،، ،
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 WW
 WW
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EFW
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬W
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬
  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
F‫א‬،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 E
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
 ١
  J٢
 ٣
 ٤
  ٥
 

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ١٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ، ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ،، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW
 KW
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬KW
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Glycoalkaloids‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 saponine‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 Cyanaogenic Glycosides‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Glucosinolates ‫א‬٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Oxalic Acid‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

- ١٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬Ciguatera poisoning‫א‬  ‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،
 Shellfish Poisoning‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Fungi‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
 ، K‫א‬‫א‬٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Lactose intolerance‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
، ‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
، ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬١
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬L١
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬L٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JL١

- ١٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JL١L١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ JL١L٢
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

، ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
   W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬DNA‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢

 W‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WK‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،E،F‫א‬،‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KEATSDR,1989F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKCdOCdSO4CdCl2
 W‫א‬‫ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦

 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EL٠{٠٠٢٠{٠١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EKKK،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE،F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬ W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬٤
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥L
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬  J١
E   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K،
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬  J٢
 KE‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J٣
KE‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬  J٤
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 WW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،EF–
 K
 WW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬BHT،BHA‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥L
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬W٥L
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥L
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬PVC‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Dioxin
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫ﺠ‬
KE٢٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
 EFK
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 EFK‫א‬٤{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
E J J J J J J J J J J J J JF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF
‫א‬‫א‬E J J JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬E J J J J JFW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

،‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬
 J J J J J
 F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 KE J J J J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
 KE J J J J J JF
E J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ١
 ٢
 ٣
 ٤
 ٥
  ٦
  ٧
 ٨
 ٩
 ١٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬   ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٤
 ‫א‬ J KEF‫א‬٥
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬DNA‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٪٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٣
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
   ،٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٢٧٠‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E. coli  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٢٠١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 Lag phaseE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬١
K
 ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
Logarithmic Growth phaseE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 Stationary Phase‫א‬٣
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Death phase‫א‬٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Food‫א‬‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Moisture‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬،Bound Free‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬ (aw)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬+E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬+‫א‬F ÷‫א‬=‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١=‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٥‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬.٠¸٩٩٨ ‫ـ‬٠¸٩٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠¸٩٨٠‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 Ealkalinity‫א‬acidity‫א‬FPH‫א‬‫א‬٣
‫א‬PH ‫א‬KPH L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤PH  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣{٧PHHigh acid foods‫א‬١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٥٣{٧Acid foods٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣٤{٥PHMedium acid foods‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣PH Nonacid foods ‫א‬٤
 K‫א‬
Temperature‫א‬‫א‬٤
‫א‬‫א‬PH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫ﻣﺤﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﺒﺮودة‬
Psychrophiles  
 
 
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺒﺎت ﻟﻠﺤﺮارة‬
Mesophiles
 
 
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Themophiles  
 
-10 C 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Psychrophiles١
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥‫א‬°١٠‫א‬°٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 Mesophiles‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬KK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٩٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K°٤٧°٥
Thermophiles‫א‬‫א‬٣
‫א‬‫א‬،°٩٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧٥٥٥‫א‬
 
 Oxygen ‫א‬٥
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Strict aerobes ‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Facultative anaerobes‫א‬‫א‬٢
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 strict anaerobes‫א‬٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Aerotolerant‫א‬٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
 Microaerophilic‫א‬٥
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Oxidation-Reduction potential‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Microbial interactions‫א‬‫א‬٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
 KKKKK
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.(‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬١
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٢
 ‫א‬٣
 ‫א‬٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣{٧PHHigh acid foods‫א‬١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤{٥٣{٧Acid foods٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬٥{٣٤{٥PHMedium acid foods‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٥{٣PH Nonacid foods ‫א‬٤
 K‫א‬

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٨W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 food infection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 food intoxication‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K 
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F
K°٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
Food infection ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

“Salmonelleosis”E‫א‬F‫א‬ JL١

 “ Shigellosis” ‫א‬–L٢

 E. coil‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–L٣

 “Campylobacteriosis‫א‬ JL٤

 ” Listerosis”‫א‬‫א‬ JL٥

“ Yersionsis”‫א‬ JL٦

 “ Vibrosis”‫א‬ JL٧

 “Brusilosis”‫א‬‫א‬ JL٨

 ‫א‬ J

Amebic dysentery‫א‬‫א‬ JL١

 Giardia lamblia ‫א‬ JL٢

“Human Virus dideases”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 

 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 SalmonellosisE‫א‬F‫א‬ JL١

Salmonellosis? ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،K٢٤٠٠‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،
K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 ٥ J٣٦٥_٦٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠‫א‬‫א‬٩٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٨‫א‬
٣٥٠٢١‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
- ٤٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Salmonellosis‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 W‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
KK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،E F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬KKK ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K،
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٦ J١٢‫א‬
 ٧ J٥‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤ J١K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬٣

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٤Ph‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

- ٤٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬٧٥‫א‬‫א‬ E٤

 K٥٠W١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤–٣٦٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٦

 Shigell‫א‬ JL٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠٠٠ J١٥٠٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

- ٥٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

Shegella d ysenteriae  J١

 Shegella Flexneri J٢

 Shegella bodyii J٣

 Shegell sonnie J٤

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦٣‫א‬
 K٣{٥pH٣٠‫א‬٥{٤ J٤pH

 W‫א‬‫א‬

K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Shiga‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KBacteremia‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬٤‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 Escherichia coil‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JL٣

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E.coil‫א‬
‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Coilforms
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E.coil‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EEnteropathogenicF
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
diarrheaTravelers‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬0157 E.coilWH7

 
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬

،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 ،‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Entero pathogenic E.coil ( EPEC)‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 Enteroinvasie E.coil( EIEC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 Enterotoxigenic E.coil ( ETEC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
E.coil (EHEC) Enterohemorrhagic‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

 
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

EIEC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٨١٠ J٦١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬١١٢٤ J٨‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١١‫א‬‫א‬
 K0:124‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬EPEC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E.coilETEC
‫א‬‫א‬٩ J٢‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E.coilEHEC
‫א‬Verotoeins‫א‬Shiga‫א‬
 KE.coil157WH7‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

EF‫א‬EIEC,EPEC
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EPEC
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E.coil 0157WH7
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬E.coil 0157W H7 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K 

 W‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 K٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
EHEC, ETEC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬L٦١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 "Campylobacter‫א‬ JL٤

‫א‬‫א‬Jeuni Campylobacter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ Vibriofetus
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Enteritis)
 K"Campylobacteriosis‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬،Campylobacter jejuni
S ‫א‬K،Spirillaceae
٤٧–٣٠‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٤٥–٣٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣٧–٣٥
٤E٤{٥pHF‫א‬E٢٥ JW٢٠ JF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬K٥ J٣،١٠ J١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٪١٠٠ J٣٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١{٥ J١،‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W(listerosis)‫א‬‫א‬ JL٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬listeria minicytigenes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪٣٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬listeria minicytigenes
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬١٥٧١{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL٣١٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٤٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠ J١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬

Listerosis?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠ 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤

٪٧٠ ‫א‬E ٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣
  ٦،٤٣٥K L٩١٠–٧١٠
٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK٣٥٤١٢١
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٩
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

yersinosis:‫א‬ JL٦

‫א‬yersinia enterocolitica‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬yersinosis:

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬
 ،٣٧،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ،٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤٤‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٥‫א‬٨ J٧‫א‬pH‫א‬٣٤ J٣٢

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٤ J٢٤‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J١‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 WVibriosis‫א‬ JL٧

 W‫א‬‫א‬vibrio‫א‬

 vibrio cholera J١

 vibrio parhaemolyticus J٢

 vibrio vulinfcus J٣

  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ J
  ‫א‬‫א‬WVibrio cholera J١
 ٤٠ J١٥‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،
 J٦Ph
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠

‫א‬‫א‬Wvibrio parhaemolyticus J٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Wvibrio vulnifcus J٣
 K‫א‬٪٤٠ ‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
rice whatery stool‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬Dysentry‫א‬vibrio parhaemolyticus
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٩٦ J٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٠ J‫א‬٤

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  vibrio vulnifcus‫א‬‫א‬

،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 Wvibriosis‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

 Brusillosis‫א‬‫א‬ JL٨

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬B . abortus E١
‫א‬‫א‬B . suis E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬B canis E٣

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬١٨٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠٦٢{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬pH‫א‬١٥٧١{٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o

 W‫א‬ J

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 WAmebic Dysentery‫א‬‫א‬–L١

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬

Giardia lambila‫א‬ JL٢


 ،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬K ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
E‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 Wpoliomyelitis ‫א‬ JL١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٩٤٩،١٩٤١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬

،٦٠‫א‬
‫א‬LK٢٥L‫א‬٠{١٠٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣٥ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬ K٤

 WHepatitis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JL٢

A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?B‫א‬A?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

٥٠ J١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦

 Noro virus JL٣

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬Norwalk lilke viruses
‫א‬K ٤٨ J٢٤‫א‬٣٦ J١٨‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K٣JpH‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٨

- ٧٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 WFood Intoxication‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Toxins‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬L٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Endotoxin‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W Staphylococcal Food Poisoning‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١٩١٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Staphylococci٢٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬Staph Aureus
‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
٥{٢‫א‬pH‫א‬٤٥ J٦‫א‬٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٨٨ J

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Staph aureus‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Mastitis‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
- ٧٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E،،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬ EA,B,C,D,EF
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٣٠١٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٦ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Staph aureus
 W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬E١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٠L٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤ J٣‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥ J١٠F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECorned beefF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

Staph aureus‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

WClostridium botulinum‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E Botulinum‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬botulismKClostridium botulinum‫א‬

- ٧٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، botulus‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠ J٣F‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬Cl botulinum
K ،‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Cl botulinum
 KEE,A,BF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(A,.B,C,D,E,,F,G)

١٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٥ J٣٠‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤{٥PHF

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Cl.botulinum‫א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬٠{١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬Paralysis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 E‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Cl botulinumStaph. aureus‫א‬
٣٠°٨٠‫א‬‫א‬
 E°١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K ٣٦ J١٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥ J٣‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 KA‫א‬

- ٨١ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 PH‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪١٦ J١ Cl botulinum‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١٩٩٧‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬
K٣{٣‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E٤

- ٨٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
K‫א‬
K٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬٤{٥‫א‬ pH  E٧

 WFood Perfringens Poisoning‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Cl.perfringens
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Enterotoxin
‫א‬Sporangia‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

٢٤
 
  ‫א‬K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٧٠ J٤٠‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، Cl. perfringens‫א‬‫א‬

K ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬٧١٠ J٦١٠F
 J٦‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Cl.perfringense
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K
٥‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WBacillus cereus Food Poisoning‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤

‫א‬،‫א‬٣٤Bacillus‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B. B.cereus,anthracis

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬Cl.perfringense ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

B.cereus Gastroenteritis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٨ J١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٤ J٢٨

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

  ٦ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬E١


‫א‬ ‫א‬،
 K٢٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٥ J٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬K
 
K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬Fast Foods‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٣٨٨٨٪٤٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪٩١
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬L١٠<F
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٦٠‫א‬٥‫א‬ •
K٧٤‫א‬‫א‬

WFood Micotoxicosis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?Mycotoxins?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬?Micotoxicosis?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F usarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FE ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 E ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، E F

‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬،E،‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Residues

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬B1K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬B1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٨٧‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 WAflatoxins‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬L ‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬LD50
K
،٧٢E ،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬

Aspergillus ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
?"Aspergillus"?A?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬flavus

 AflatoxinToxin?Flavus??Fla
EAflatoxicosisF
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
B1,B2,G1,G2W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١‫א‬EB1F‫א‬
‫א‬M1‫א‬EB1F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEMillk toxinF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٠{٠٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
GB1+B2 +G1+G2 ‫א‬B1  ‫א‬٢‫א‬M1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٤٠
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٥
٠{٠١٥‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬،

 W‫א‬‫א‬

JaundiceEncephalopathy‫א‬‫א‬
KE ‫א‬F ‫א‬ComaHypertension‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
١{٧E F‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬L
 ‫א‬
E
  F‫א‬‫א‬K L٧٥‫א‬
 ١٧E L ٠{٣FB1‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬B1‫א‬K٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Hepatomas
 K‫א‬Esophageal Cancer‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
، ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K
‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٠
K‫א‬ K١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٣
K
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F K١٤
 
 
 
 
- ٩٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EFK٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 EFK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E.coilEHEC٤
 EFKVerotoeins‫א‬Shiga‫א‬
 EF K‫א‬٥
FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦
 E
‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧
 EFK‫א‬
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٨
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Noro virus٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
 EFK
 EFK٦٥٥‫א‬‫א‬١١
 EFK‫א‬١٢
 EFK٪٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥
 EFK‫א‬
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٨
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩
- ٩٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬vibriosis‫א‬١
 ‫؟‬K٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E J J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬٠{١F‫א‬
‫א‬Paralysis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J J J J J J J J J JF
 K‫א‬
E J J J J J J J J J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J JF٣
Mastitis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Staph aureus‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE J J J J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
E J J J J J J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬٤
 E J J J J J J J J JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 ١
 ٢
 ٣
  ٤
 ٥
 ٦
 ٧
 ٨
- ٩٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 ٩
 ١٠
 ١١
 ١٢
 ١٣
 ١٤
 ١٥
 ١٦
 ١٧
 ١٨
 ١٩
 Wvibriosis‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤

- ٩٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
 W٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K
٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣

 K‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K٣JpH‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٧
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬E٨

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٢

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
K‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Hazard Analysis and critical control points

Food safety‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬HACCP
 Hazard Analysis and Crtical Control Points‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CCPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٦
 W‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٥٩‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬PillsburyENASAF‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KZero gravity‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠٠
 Zero defect‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٠٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬١٩٥٩‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٧١‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K١٩٧٣‫א‬‫א‬FDA‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬NACMCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬NAC
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩٨٧
‫א‬ NACMCF  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٣ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TBT،SPS
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
- ١٠٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
‫א‬MRA‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FSO‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
PRETRWUIDIYR PTOHTSMS
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KGMP‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KGHP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
K‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
K‫א‬  J٨
K‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠
 WGMP‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 W‫א‬ J1
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬ J2

- ١٠٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •


  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E
، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
W‫א‬W‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ E١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬E٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
KKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
°٥‫א‬K°٦٥°٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬°٦٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬EGHPF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬CCP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 W‫א‬GMP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GMP‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬GMP‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬GMP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫؟‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GMP‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ GMP

     W‫א‬E
،،‫א‬ L  K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬  
،‫א‬ L  K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬  
،‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬L  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬  
     W‫א‬E
،‫א‬ L ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬،  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ L  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ،،  
 
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬L  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
ETQMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬GMP‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ISO 9000‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬2
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ 9

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 9

 ‫א‬H‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬4

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 

- ١١٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W ‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ •

K
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬2
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 9

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬4
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW

 K‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬  J


،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬4
 W‫א‬5
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 ‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬١٩٩٦،١٩٩٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬SSOPs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KCGMP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SSOPs‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬GMPSSOP‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SSOP
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬SSOP‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
preliminary tasks‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
  HACCP principles‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬pre-HACCP‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 WHACCP principles task‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻬﺎﺳﺐ‬
 
 
‫وﺻﻒ اﻟﻐﺬاء وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻪ‬
 
 
 
‫آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻐﺬاء وﻣﻦ هﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮﻩ‬
 
 
‫رﺳﻢ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
 
 
 
‫اﻟﺘﺄآﺪ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ودﻗﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬهﺎ‬
 
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 assemble the HACCP teamW‫א‬ J١
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K J
‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W J
،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

Hazard K‫א‬‫א‬ •

EsafetyF‫א‬‫א‬quality‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬ •

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،KKKK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKK‫א‬KKKK‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫• א‬
 describe food its distribution W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

- ١٢٢ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 Describe the intended use and consumers of food
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
،K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،،FL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEKKKK
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 Develop a flow diagram which describes the process
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫• א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
٢٦٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

- ١٢٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
–‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬  

‫ا‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 K‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

٩٦ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
Verify the flow diagram

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ٤W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ١٢٧ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬
HACCP principles


  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ -1
K‫א‬‫א‬ -2
K‫א‬ -3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-5
K‫א‬‫ א‬-6
K‫א‬ -7

 W‫א‬
 conduct Hazard analysis ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٢٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬?hazard‫א‬
 KEfood safetyF‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KE2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬NASW‫א‬
process‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 Personal ‫א‬‫א‬W
 plant ‫א‬‫א‬W
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
premises ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

Determine ccp‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬
‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬hazard analysis‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬control point

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Establish critical limits (cls) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ƒ

K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5d‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬ ١٥L٧٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 
K‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Establish monitoring procedures
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬(CLS)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥‫א‬F
 
 Establish corrective Actions‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K?‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬       ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Establish verification procedures‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(pH)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
Establish Record- keeping and Documentation procedure
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F
 KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
(ccps)W‫א‬‫א‬ E١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ccp‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKKKKKK‫א‬،
 W(CLS)W‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 W‫א‬Devaitions‫א‬ E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Target ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
Review recordsW‫א‬ E٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
‫א‬HACCP Manual
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
CLS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،ccp ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Monitoring system recordsW‫א‬ E٦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ ١
‫א‬‫א‬CCPs‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨
 EFK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ٩
 EFK‫א‬،KKK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠
 EF‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
  

 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١
 ٢
 ٣
 ٤
 ٥
 ٦
 ٧
 ٨
 ٩
 ١٠

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 ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E١٤٢٦F‫א‬،‫ א‬K١
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٢F‫א‬،‫؛‬،‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٤١٨F،‫؛א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٥F،‫ א‬K٤
K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KE٢٠٠٧F‫א‬، K٥
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٩F ‫א‬، ‫א‬ K٦
K،‫א‬،
KK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٩٩F‫א‬، K٧
KK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٢٠٠٥F‫א‬،‫א‬ K٨
KK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٠٦F،‫א‬ K٩
KK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥F،‫ א‬K١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٩٨٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫؛‬، K١١
KK‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠٠٣F،‫א‬ K١٢
KK‫א‬K‫א‬
KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٢٠٠٧F، K١٣
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٩٥F، ‫؛‬، K١٤
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬،‫ א‬K١٥
،WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٨٢FKK،‫א‬ K١٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K
‫א‬W ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬WK‫א‬‫א‬E١٩٨٤F، K١٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠٠١F،‫א‬ K١٨
 ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

KK‫א‬KK‫א‬E٢٠٠٥F، K١٩
KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٢٠٠١F‫א‬، K٢٠
 ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1- Forsythe,Stephen(2006) The food microbiology of safe food. Blackwell
 science ltd. Oxford,UK.

2- Garbutt,John(1997)Essentials Food microbiology.Arnold group.UK.

3- Wardlaw,Gordon(2002) Perspectves in nutrion 5th ed.MeGraw-hill, new
york
 ٢٦٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬

 ١٠١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣١١١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١٣٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
 ٩٧٤٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬
 ١٣٧٩٨  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٩١٣٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
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 

 

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