DATA PRESENTATION Table 3b: The Ungrouped Frequency

Distribution Table for the Age of 50 Service

Presentation of Data Crews at Delicious Restaurant
- Numerical quantities focus on
expected values, graphical
summaries on unexpected values.
(John Tukey)

Textual
- Data are presented in paragraph
form. It involves enumeration of
important characteristics, giving
emphasis on significant figures and
identifying the important features of
the data.

Table 3c: The Grouped Frequency

Distribution for the Age of 50 Service
Crews at Delicious Restaurant

Tabular
- Sometimes we could hardly grasp
information from a textual
presentation of data. Thus, we may
present data using tables.

Between 5 to 10 is the ideal no. of

rows!
Frequency Distribution Table
- It is a tabular summary of data
showing the frequency (or
number) of items in each of
several non-overlapping classes.
Steps in Constructing Frequency
Distribution Table
Step 1: Determine the range, denoted
by R.
R – the difference between the highest
value and the lowest value
Step 2: Decide on the number of
classes, denoted by k.
K – no. of non-overlapping intervals
Step 3: Compute for the class size,
denoted by c.
C – the quotient of steps 1 and 2.
Step 4: Identify the class intervals, CI.
Step 5: Identify the frequency in each
CI or tallying.
Class Size /Class Width – The
difference between the upper (or lower)
class limits of consecutive classes. All
classes should have the same class
width.
Lower Class Limit – The least value
that can belong to a class.
Upper-Class Limit – The greatest value
that can belong to a class.
Additional Info about FDT
Class Boundaries (CB)– the numbers
that separate classes without forming
gaps between them.
Class Mark / Midpoint (CM) – the
middle value of each data class. To find
the class midpoint, average the upper
and lower class limits.
Relative Frequency (RF)– obtained by MOST POPULAR
dividing the frequency of the given class 2) Bar graph
by the total number of observations - Bar chart [with gaps
between bars] – discrete
data
- Histogram [no gaps
between bars] –
continuous data
3) Line graph
- Frequency polygon –
continuous data

Less than CF (<CF) – total number of

Rules to remember in constructing
observations within a class whose
graphs:
values do not exceed the upper limit of
1) Labels:
the class
- Figure number [below the
Greater than CF (>CF) – total number
graph]
of observations within a class whose
- Figure title [below the
values are not less than the lower limit
graph]
of the class
- for Pie chart, % should be
Cumulative frequency of a data class
indicated
– the number of data elements in that
- for Bar graph, axis should
class and all previous classes. (may be
be labeled
ascending or descending.)
2) Textual explanation should also
follow any graph

Presentation of Data

Graphical
Types of Graphs:
1) Pie chart/ circle graph – any
data