Module 5

Demodulation of Angle Modulated Signals

 Demodulation of FM signal
• FM demodulator extracts message signal in two steps
• Frequency discriminators - It converts the FM signal into AM signal with the help
of frequency dependent circuits
• The AM signal is demodulated into message signal using envelope detector

• Types of FM detectors
1. Slope detector
i. Simple slope detector or Single tuned discriminator
ii. Balanced slope detector or Stagger tuned discriminator
2. Phase difference detector
i. Foster Seeley detector
ii. Ratio detector
iii. PLL detector
 Simple slope detector

• Slope detector depends upon the slope of the frequency response

characteristics of a frequency selective network
 Simple slope detector

• Slope detector depends upon the slope of the frequency response

characteristics of a frequency selective network
• FM signal is fed into tuned resonant circuit
• The output of LC circuit is AM signal
• The circuit is off tuned by an amount ∆f
• AM wave is passed to the envelope detector to get the message signal
Simple slope detector
 Simple slope detector

• The slope is given as

dv AM (t )

df

• Harmonic distortion – Nonlinear nature of circuit

• Amplitude variation causes distortion
 Balanced slope detector

• Two identical tuned LC circuit connected back to back

• FM signal is fed into primary side of the tuned circuit
• Tuned transformer – Inductance of primary tuned circuit is connected
with the inductance of secondary tuned circuit
 Balanced slope detector
• Primary side tuned circuit is tuned to fc
• Secondary side upper circuit tuned to fc+Δf
• Secondary side lower circuit tuned to fc-Δf
• FM signal coupled to two circuits will be 1800 out of phase
• The total output voltage is equal to difference between V1 and V2
Vo  V1  V2
 Balanced slope detector
• CASE - 1 f in  f c
 Balanced slope detector
• CASE - 1 f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  0
 Balanced slope detector
• CASE – 1 f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  0

• CASE - 2 f in  f c  f , f in  f c
 Balanced slope detector
• CASE – 1 f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  0

• CASE – 2 f in  f c  f , f in  f c

V1  V2 V0  ve

• Produces the positive half cycle of message signal

 Balanced slope detector
• CASE – 1 f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  0

• CASE – 2 f in  f c  f , f in  f c

V1  V2 V0  ve

• Produces the positive half cycle of message signal

• CASE – 3 f in  f c  f , f in  f c
 Balanced slope detector
• CASE – 1 f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  0
• CASE – 2 f in  f c  f , f in  f c

V1  V2 V0  ve
• Produces the positive half cycle of message signal

• CASE – 3
f in  f c  f , f in  f c
V1  V2 V0  ve
• Produces the negative half cycle of message signal
 Balanced slope detector

• Advantages
• Useful range is more than slope detector
• Linearity response is better
• Disadvantages
• Linearity is limited to small frequency deviation
• Tuned circuit output is not purely band limited