NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology

Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 6

SKELETAL SYSTEM

I. INTRODUCTION
The skeletal system is a system which provides an internal framework for the human
body, protects organs and anchors skeletal muscles so that muscle contraction can cause
movement. The internal framework is mainly provided by the skeleton which is divided
into two parts: axial skeleton which consists of bones that form the longitudinal axis of
the body and the appendicular skeleton which forms the limbs and girdles.

Bone is a living vascular structure composed of organic tissue and mineral. It serves as a
support structure, site of attachment for skeletal muscles and site of blood cell formation.

Bone is characterized by its hardness and strength. But despite its remarkable strength,
it is susceptible to fracture or breaks. A type of fracture in which the bone breaks clearly
but does not penetrate the skin is known as a closed fracture while if there is a
communication with the skin it is known as an open fracture.

II. GIVE THE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

III. ANATOMY OF THE BONES

Below are labelled diagrammatic illustrations of: (a) Axial and Appendicular Skeleton; (b)
cross-section of the spinal cord; and (c) a brain with the different cranial nerves.
Examine each diagram and correctly identify the mislabelled parts of the organ. Find
the labels that are misplaced. Write your answer on the space provided for each item.

a. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

Misplaced labels (5):

Fig. 6A Skeletal System

b. Skull

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

Misplaced labels (8):

Fig. 6B The Skull

c. Vertebral Column and Thoracic cage

Misplaced labels (6):

1.

Fig. 6C Rib Cage

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

d. Bones of the lower limb

Misplaced labels :

a b

c d
Fig. 6D The Lower Limbs

IV. ASSESSMENT
True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

__TRUE _ 1. Bone develops from spindle-shaped cells called osteoblasts.

__TRUE__ 2. The sternum, or breastbone, develops in three parts: the manubrium, the
gladiolus, and the xiphoid process.

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

__TRUE__ 3. The twelve pairs of ribs are also referred to as the costae.

__TRUE__ 4. It is possible for an individual to shrink.

__FALSE__ 5. The anatomic neck of the humerus is distal to the surgical neck of the humerus.

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

6. The _____Frontal___________ bone is the single bone that forms the forehead, the roof of
the nasal cavity, and the orbits (the bony sockets that contain the eyes).

7. The ___Occipital______________ bone forms the back and base of the cranium.

8. The ___Lacrimal_____________ bones are two very small, thin bones that make up part of
the orbit at the inner angle of the eye.

9. ____Osteoporosis__________ is a disorder of the skeletal system characterized by a

decrease in bone mass with increased susceptibility to fractures.

10. The formation of red and white blood cells by the red bone marrow is known as
__hematopoiesis___

11. The breastbone is also known as the _____sternum_______________.

12. The shoulder blade is also known as the ____scapula________________.

13. The “soft spot” on the top of a baby’s skull is known as a _fontanelle_____________.

14. The inferior portion of the occipital bone has a large opening called the ____Foramen
Magnum__________ through which the spinal cord connects with the brain.

15. The single _____ethmoid____________ bone, the lightest of the cranial bones, is the
principal supporting structure of the nasal cavities and helps form part of the orbits.

Matching

Match each statement with the correct item below.

©Biofacultymember2020
NUR11O1 Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology
Department of Biology
Institute of Arts and Sciences
Far Eastern University

a. a very large projection d. a small round process

b. a narrow ridge of a bone e. a rounded or knuckle-like prominence
c. a sharp, slender projection

_C.__ 16. spine

__E._ 17. condyle

__D._ 18. tubercle

__A._ 19. trochanter

__B._ 20. crest

Match each statement with the correct item below.

a. that part of a bone that connects the head to the rest of the bone
b. an opening through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
c. a furrow or groove
d. a narrow junction often found between two bones
e. a cavity within a bone

__A._ 21. neck

__D._ 22. suture

__E._ 23. sinus

__B._ 24. foramen

__C.__ 25. sulcus

©Biofacultymember2020