Protection, Control and Instrumentation Ver4

PROTECTION, CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD PROTECTION, CONTROL AND INTRUMENTATION
Doc. No. TTS-PT-PROT Revision No. 4 Date 09.01.2017 Page 1 of 97
Printed from EDMS System
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No. CONTENTS PAGE
1.0 GENERAL SCOPE ............................................................................................................. 4

2.0 COMMON REQUIREMENTS AMONG PROTECTION, CONTROL AND
INSTRUMENTATION ....................................................................................................... 5
2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL CONFORMANCE AND MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS ................ 5
2.2 ARRANGEMENT OF FACILITIES ................................................................................ 8
2.3 COMPATIBILITY WITH THE EXISTING FACILITIES ................................................ 8
2.4 PROTECTION AND CONTROL PANELS CUBICLES..................................................... 9
2.5 TERMINAL BLOCK REQUIREMENT. .........................................................................11
2.6 TEST BLOCK REQUIREMENT AND LIVE MAINTENANCE FACILITY…………………....13
2.7 EARTHING FACILITIES ............................................................................................14
2.8 MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKERS ............................................................................15
2.9 DC AUXILIARY SUPPLY ...........................................................................................15
2.10 MASTER TRIP RELAY AND AUXILIARY TRIPPING RELAY……………………….…...16
3.0 PROTECTIVES RELAY OR INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE (IEDs) ......................17
3.1 IEDs GENERAL REQUIREMENT. ..............................................................................17
3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENT OF IEDs OR NUMERICAL RELAYS ..................................19
3.2.1 BASIC DESIGN ..........................................................................................................19
3.2.2 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) REQUIREMENTS .........................................20
3.2.3 EVENT LOG AND FAULT RECORD .............................................................................21
3.2.4 IED COMMUNICATION INTERFACE .........................................................................22
3.3 NUMERICAL RELAY OPERATING TIME REQUIREMENT .........................................23
3.4 FAULT CLEARANCE TIMES .......................................................................................23
4.0 PROTECTION FUNCTION AND OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC OR PRINCIPLE........24
4.1 MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE .............25
4.2 BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE ........31
4.3 PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE .......35
4.4 CONTROL FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE .............................37
4.5 MONITORING FUNCTION WITH GENERAL FEATURES ..........................................39
5.0 PROTECTION SCHEMES ................................................................................................40
5.1 OVERHEAD LINE PROTECTION SCHEMES. .............................................................40
5.2 UNDERGROUND CABLE PROTECTION SCHEMES. ..................................................45
5.3 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES ................................................................49
5.4 BUS COUPLER AND BUS SECTION PROTECTION ...................................................53
5.5 BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES ............................................................................53
5.5.1 LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION ...............................................................54
5.5.2 HIGH IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION ..............................................................56
5.5.3 ARC PROTECTION .....................................................................................................57
5.6 INTERCONNECTOR PROTECTION SCHEME ............................................................58
5.7 SHUNT CAPACITOR BANK PROTECTION ................................................................60
5.8 SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION ..............................................................................66
5.9 CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION ............................................................68
5.10 BREAKER AND A HALF (1½ CB) PROTECTION .......................................................69
5.11 LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME .......................................................................................70
5.12 FAULT RECORDER ....................................................................................................71
5.13 TRIPPING SCHEMES ...............................................................................................72
6.0 AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEME .........................................................................................75
7.0 STATION CONTROL .......................................................................................................78
7.1 CONTROL OPERATIONS ...........................................................................................78
7.2 SUPERVISORY CONTROL .........................................................................................79
7.3 SYNCHRONISING AND DEAD LINE CHECK INTERLOCKS ......................................80
7.3.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................80

7.3.2 SYNCHRONISING SCHEME AND EQUIPMENT ......................................................81
7.3.3 SYNCHRONIZING EQUIPMENT FOR CONVENTIONAL SUBSTATION ...................81
7.3.4 DBC/DLC INTERLOCKS ..........................................................................................82
7.3.5 REMOTE SUPERVISORY CONTROL..........................................................................83
7.3.5.1 SUPERVISORY CONTROL FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER.........................................83
7.3.6 CHECK SYNCHRONIZING RELAY.............................................................................83
8.0 INTERLOCKING SCHEMES ............................................................................................84
9.0 CONTROL MONITORING ..............................................................................................85
9.1 ALARM SCHEMES AND ANNUNCIATOR WINDOWS ...............................................85
9.2 INDICATIONS ...........................................................................................................86
9.3 INDICATING LAMPS ................................................................................................87
9.4 STATUS AND ALARMS FOR SCADA ..........................................................................88
10.0 INSTRUMENT & METER ................................................................................................88
10.1 TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION ..................................................................................89
10.2 ANALOGUE MEASUREMENT FOR SCADA………………………………………………… 89
11.0 DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION ..............................................................................91
11.1 DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION GENERAL REQUIREMENT ..............................91
11.2 TECHNICAL DRAWING REFERENCES AND STANDARDIZE DESIGNATION..........92
11.2.1 STANDARD DESIGNATION SYMBOLS OF PLANT OR EQUIPMENT. ...................92
11.2.2 STANDARD REFERENCE CODE FOR VOLTAGE LEVEL DESIGNATION. ..............92
11.2.3 STANDARD PLANT OR EQUIPMENT LOCATION DESIGNATION ........................93
11.2.4 STANDARD DEVICE DESIGNATION ....................................................................93
11.2.5 SWITCHING DEVICE DESIGNATION. .................................................................94
12.0 WIRING AND MULTICORE CABLE STANDARD DESIGNATION...................................94
12.1 WIRING AND MULTICORE CABLE INTERCONNECTION GENERAL
REQUIREMENT..........................................................................................................94
12.2 TERMINAL BLOCK GROUPING ................................................................................95
12.3 TEST TERMINAL LINK GROUPING. .........................................................................96
12.4 WIRING FUNCTIONAL IDENTIFICATION ...............................................................96

1.0 GENERAL SCOPE
All control and protection system including relays to be used in TNB electrical power generation,
transmission and distribution systems shall satisfy all the statements and requirements in this
Specification.
All TNB primary equipment shall be protected against damages from any type of faults.
All main protection, back-up protection and main control equipment shall be successfully undergo
and pass product acceptance testing processes and listed in the latest TNB Accepted Relay List.
All critical component related to protection system other than mention above such as tripping relay,
auxiliary tripping relay, fascia annunciator, test plug, trip link and terminal block shall undergo
product evaluation for compliance to TNB specification and shall be listed in TNB Prefer List.
Tenderer shall supply the critical component as mention above based on the Latest TNB Prefer List
prevailing at the time of contract award, and type or model of critical component to be supply shall
be declared during engineering review.
All control and protection panel and the interfacing panel such as marshalling kiosk, Local Control Panel,
Remote Tap Changer Control Panel etc. shall satisfy all the statements and requirements in this
Specification.
Existing relays which are still available but not listed in the TNB Accepted Relay may be used for
matching purpose or temporary replacement of the existing installed relay of the same type and
model.
Control monitoring provides comprehensive and accurate information for the benefits of substation
operation and operational analysis.
All substation parameters critical to the operation of the substation shall be monitored. All alarms and
device statuses shall use the standard TNB terminology for all substations through the system.
Control and protection system including relays shall undergo Design Verification (DV) and Factory
Acceptance Test (FAT). The DV shall be carried out by the contractor internally and the employer
shall be invited to check and validate the DV report against the equipment readiness prior to FAT.
The DV activities that require the employer representatives shall be performed only on GIS Local
Control Panel, Main Relay (including relay internal logic, terminal configuration and installation
drawing if applicable), Control and Protection Panel, and Remote Tap Changer Control Panel.

2.0 COMMON REQUIREMENTS AMONG PROTECTION, CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL CONFORMANCE AND MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS
The minimum electrical technological conformance, mechanical and hardware tests and the
corresponding standards for numerical IEDs are as follows:
Technological Conformance & International Standards

Mechanical Requirements
Impulse Voltage Tests IEC 60255-27
AC or DC Dielectric Test IEC 60255-27
Insulation Resistance IEC 60255-27
Protective Bonding Resistance (Optional) IEC 60255-27
Flammability of Insulating Material, Component IEC 60255-27

& Fire Enclosures (Optional)
Single Fault Condition (Optional) IEC 60255-27
Maximum Temperature of Parts and Material IEC 60255-27

(Optional)
Thermal requirement
Cold Test (Operational & Storage) IEC 60068-2-1
Dry Heat (Operational & Operational) IEC 60068-2-2
Damp Heat Cyclic \ Steady State IEC 60068-2-30 or IEC 60068-2-78
Change of Temperature (Optional) IEC 60068-2-14
CT Input Continuous Overload IEC 60255-27
CT Input Short Time Overload IEC 60255-27
VT Input Continuous Overload IEC 60255-27
VT Input Short Time Overload IEC 60255-27
Rated Burden – For CT Input IEC 60255-1
Rated Burden – For DC Power Supply IEC 60255-1
Rated Burden – For VT input IEC 60255-1
Rated Burden – For Binary Input IEC 60255-1
Vibration Test –Vibration Response IEC 60255-21-1
Vibration Endurance IEC 60255-21-1
Shock & Bump Test – Shock Response IEC 60255-21-2

Shock Withstand IEC 60255-21-2
Bump IEC 60255-21-2
Seismic Test – Mechanical resistance to single IEC 60255-21-3

axis sine sweep (Optional)
1Mhz Burst Disturbance Test /1MHz Damped IEC 60255-26
Oscillatory Wave Immunity Test or IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3
Slow Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 100kHz IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3
Fast Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 3MHz, IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

10MHz and 30MHz
(Mandatory for installation at GIS or
compact switchgear only)
Electrostatic Discharge Test IEC 60255-26 or
IEC 61000-4-2 Class 3
Fast Transient Test IEC 60255-26 ot

IEC 61000-4-4 Class 4
Surge Immunity Test IEC 60255-26 or

IEC 61000-4-5 Class 3
Conducted Radio Interference Test IEC 60255-26 or

IEC 61000-4-6 Class 3
Variation & Interruption in DC Auxiliary Voltage IEC 60255-26

Voltage Dips IEC 61000-4-29
Voltage Interruptions IEC 60255-26

IEC 61000-4-29
Ripple IEC 60255-26

IEC 61000-4-17
General Shut Down / Start Up (Optional) IEC 60255-26
Reversal of DC Supply Polarity (Optional) IEC 60255-26
Electromagnetic Fields IEC 60255-26 or

IEC 61000-4-3 Class 3
50Hz Power Frequency Magnetic Fields IEC 60255-26

IEC 61000-4-8, Level 4
Conducted RF Interference on Power Supply IEC 60255-26

Terminals & Radiated Interference CISPR 22
Low Voltage Switchgear & Controlgear Terminal IEC 60947-7-1

Blocks for Copper Conductor
Vibration Test – Mechanical resistance to IEC 60255-21-1

sinusoidal vibrations
IEC 60255-21-1
Shock & Bump Test – Mechanical resistance to IEC 60255-21-2

shock and bump
IEC 60255-21-2
IEC 60255-21-2
Seismic Test – Mechanical resistance to single IEC 60255-21-3

axis sine sweep (Optional)
1Mhz Burst Disturbance Test /1MHz Damped IEC 60255-26
Oscillatory Wave Immunity Test IEC 60255-22-1 or IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3
Slow Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 100kHz IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3
Fast Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 3MHz, IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

10MHz and 30MHz
(Mandatory for installation at GIS or
compact switchgear only)
Electrostatic Discharge Test IEC 60255-26
IEC 60255-22-2 Class 3
IEC 61000-4-2 Class 3
Fast Transient Test IEC 60255-26
IEC 60255-22-4 Class A
IEC 61000-4-4 Class 4
Surge Immunity Test IEC 60255-26

IEC 60255-22-5
IEC 61000-4-5 Class 3
Conducted Radio Interference Test IEC 60255-26

IEC 60255-22-6
IEC 61000-4-6 Class 3
Variation & Interruption in DC Auxiliary Voltage IEC 60255-11

IEC 61000-4-29
IEC 60255-11
IEC 61000-4-29
IEC 60255-11
IEC 61000-4-17
IEC 60255-11
IEC 60255-11
Electromagnetic Fields IEC 60255-26
IEC 60255-22-3
IEC 61000-4-3 Class 3
50Hz Power Frequency Magnetic Fields IEC 60255-26
IEC 61000-4-8, Level 5 4
Conducted RF Interference on Power Supply IEC 60255-26
Terminals & Radiated Interference CISPR 22, IEC 60255-25
IEC 60529

Low Voltage Switchgear & Control gear IEC 60947-7-1
 Terminal Blocks for Copper Conductor
Electromechanical elementary relay – General IEC61810-1
Requirement
Table 1: Technological Conformance and Mechanical Requirements
International standard other than above shall be used only with clear evidence that it is a new
standard superseding the existing standard or it has the same test procedure with the same or
higher test requirements. All tests shall be performed by any independent test laboratory with
ISO/IEC 17025 certification or equivalent.
2.2 ARRANGEMENT OF FACILITIES
Control and relay equipment shall be mounted on panels and cubicles as specified and shall be installed
in the substation buildings.
Control panels shall incorporate all necessary control and indication facilities for the operation of the
plant and equipment at the associated substation. In addition, the plant may be remotely controlled and
supervised from Network Control Centre and the transducers (for RTU substations) for this purpose shall
be installed at the corresponding control panels.
The system control and communications equipment including all necessary DC and power frequency
equipment connections including auxiliary switches, relays and changeover switches shall be provided
under this Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible under this Contract for the provision of interface
cubicles complete with terminal blocks with isolatable sliding link facilities and shorting links where
required for connection to interposing relays and transducers supplied under this Contract.
The scope of work for interfacing includes cabling works and interfacing cables between equipment
supplied under this contract and supplied by others including to existing equipment such as BCU, SCS,
Control Panel, AC Source, DC Source, Marshalling Kiosk, existing busbar protection and others, to
complete.
All circuits provided under this Contract whether or not they are subject to the system control
requirements at the present time, shall be designed and constructed so that the standard facilities
specified can be readily provided as required in the future.
Unless specified in the contract, the arrangement of control panel shall follow the actual switchgear
orientation accordance to the switchyard. Dummy bus section panel which indicate the status of the bus
section switchgear shall be provided to adjacent of the new extension bay control panel if the extension
control panel not able to be arranged or located on the actual bay in the switchyard.
2.3 COMPATIBILITY WITH THE EXISTING FACILITIES
Panels provided as extensions or for erections in the same room as existing panels shall be of similar
design and appearance to those existing including size and color of panel. Equipment, meters, etc.,
mounted on such panels shall likewise be of style and scaling similar to the existing equipment.
Characteristics of relays, control scheme such as voltage selection, synchronizing scheme, and busbar
protection scheme etc., and all connections of equipment to be associated with existing equipment shall
be such that they are fully compatible with and can operate satisfactorily in conjunction with the existing
equipment.

2.4 PROTECTION AND CONTROL PANELS CUBICLES
Protection and Control Panels/Cubicles shall comply with requirements summarized in table 2.
ITEMS REQUIREMENT
Each relay panel shall form not less than 800mm (Width) x 800mm
a) CONSTRUCTION (Depth) x 2275mm (Height) enclosure and shall be associated with one
circuit of main equipment. For control panel, 33/11 kV of control & relay
panel width with 700 mm is acceptable.
Sharing of panel between bay equipment shall not be practiced. For 33
kV below, a maximum of 2 bays in a panel may be allowed, but with
clear demarcation.
Panels/Cubicles shall be constructed of sheet steel not less than 2 mm
thickness, with 3 mm thickness for front mounted surface and shall
preferably be of folded construction.
All indoor located panels shall comply with enclosure of at least IP41 in
accordance to IEC 60529.
The stiffness of panels/cubicles shall be such as to prevent maloperation
of relay or other apparatus by impact.
All protection panels and Local Control Panel for GIS shall be provided
with transparent polycarbonate front cover door with locking facility.
Close fitting lockable and lift-off steel doors shall be provided and
hinged in such a manner that they may be opened through at least
120o to 150o. The panel doors shall be effectively earthed.
Panels shall be suitable for floor mounting and shall provide for bottom
entry of power and multicore cables via vermin proof plates.
Each panel/cubicle shall be well-ventilated top and bottom rear door
through the vermin proof louvres fitted with brass gauze screens or other
approved non corrosive and non-flammable material.
Relay panel and outdoor cubicle (marshalling kiosk) shall be provided with
single phase 13A-240V AC supply complete with socket and protection.
The interior of each cubicle shall be finished with a matte white surface
b) COLOR The exterior finish and colour of all cubicles shall be of light aircraft gray,
No. 627 of BS 381C.
Panels provided as extensions or for erection in the same room as
existing panels shall have similar exterior finish, colour and appearance
to those existing.
All control & protection panel and SCS Control panels shall be accessible
c) MOUNTING from front and rear.
No relay and their auxiliary equipment whatsoever shall be mounted on
rear access doors.
All protection relays shall be flush mounted on a removable plate.
All protective device and major control equipment shall be labelled
d) IDENTIFICATION accordance to ANSI based device code and BS 3939-Guiding Principal.
LABEL All panels shall be provided with adequate identification labels
designating the circuit name of the particular panels on the top front
and rear.
The panel identification label shall be placed on the lower side of the
front and rear panel.
The label identifications shall be visible with access doors either open or
closed.
The device flags and lighting indication on the protective relay shall be
clearly labelled with proper permanent labelling.

All items (relays, MCBs, etc) fitted on control and relay panels shall be
provided with identification labels. The labels shall be on or as close as
possible to each item.
Anti-condensation heaters with thermostat shall also be fitted in each

e) HEATERS section and each panel/cubicle shall be well-ventilated top and bottom
through vermin proof louvres fitted with brass gauze screens or other
approved non corrosive and non- flammable material.
An interior fluorescent bulb/lamp with adequate illumination, suitable

f) LIGHTING for the local 415/240V LVAC supply and controlled by a door operating
switch, shall be fitted at the top of each section
The arrangement of control equipment panels shall follow the actual

g) ORIENTATION switchgear orientation in the switchyard or GIS room.
For conventional substation, separate rows of relay panels and control
panels shall be provided.
All control panel and Remote Tap Changer Control panel are preferably to
be arranged in the same row where applicable with a space for not less
than two control panels to be provided for future bay.
All relays that provide visual indication or HMI relay shall be located not
h) ARRANGEMENT higher than 1800mm from the bottom of the panel.
Equipment, relays and terminals shall be readily accessible and shall
require a minimum disturbance of any associated and adjacent
equipment for access.
The arrangement of panel wiring and multi-core cable terminal boards
shall be in accordance with the relevant Clause of this Specification.
The test block facilities shall be provided at the front face of the relay
i) TEST BLOCK panels. These facilities shall be dedicated for their specific protection
FACILITIES relays and shall not be shared.
The test block shall be clearly labelled on the panels as well as in the
wiring circuit diagrams.
Detail technical requirement shall be in accordance with the relevant
Clause of this Specification
Isolation links shall be provided for isolation of common protection trip

j) ISOLATION TRIP during maintenance as specified at clause 2.6
LINK The links shall be clearly labelled on the panels as well as in the wiring
circuit diagrams.
The Isolation links preferably flush mounted at the bottom of the front
face of the respective control or relay protection panels.
Adequate number of annunciator windows shall be provided for trip and

k) ANNUNCIATOR alarm functions.
WINDOWS AND For SCS-equipped stations, a limited number of grouped non-latched
ALARM SCHEME fascia annunciator windows shall be provided.
All panel and theirs doors shall be provided with copper earth bar of
l) EARTHING not less than 150 mm2 cross-section and arranged so that the bars of
FACILITIES adjacent panels can be joined together to form a common bus.
The common earthing busbar of control and relay panels shall be
connected to the main station earthing system via a copper earthing
connection of not less than 150 mm2.

Auxiliary relays or contactors shall be suitable for continuous operation
m)AUXILIARY RELAY on D.C system in the range of -10% to + 15% of nominal voltage (99 V
to 125 V for 110 Vdc nominal), without the use of voltage dropping
devices.
Auxiliary relays shall be stable and not be affected by a slow decay,
surges, dips, ripples, spikes and chattering of the DC supply
Auxiliary relay with heavy duty contact shall be use for manual opening
and closing of circuit breaker.
Auxiliary relay with flag indication with manual reset shall be use for
mechanical protection such as CB or GIS SF6 low, transformer guard,
intertrip send/receive etc.
n) PANEL WIRING i- All panels wiring shall be placed in raceway. The raceway shall not be
80% filled.
ii- Panel internal wiring shall not allow terminating at same side of
terminal block with external multicore wiring.
iii- There shall be not more than two cores (excluding comb link) of
multicore cables and internal cubicle wires connected to any on
terminal.
iv- Unless for interface panel or inter panel buswires, the incoming
circuit and outgoing circuit shall be terminate at inner side and outer
side of terminal block.
v- Terminal connector can be allow to use for connection common
internal circuit or looping wiring.
o) OUTDOOR PANEL The outdoor cubicle (marshalling kiosk) shall comply with enclosure
IP51 or above and shall also be well ventilated through louvres having
brass gauze screen attached to a frame and secured to the inside of the
cubicle. Vermin proof Marshalling Kiosk Panel requirements shall
consists of:
i- Each panel shall form not less than 1000mm (Width) x 630mm
(Depth) x 1700mm (Height) enclosure and shall be associated with
one bay. The panel shall be located as nearest to the CB
ii- Miniature circuit breaker (mcb's) for a.c. and d.c. auxiliary supplies
iii- Anti-condensation heater, On/Off switch, indicating lamp and
thermostat
iv- Optical fibre Junction boxes or patch panel if applicable
v- Fluorescent panel lighting including door micro switch
vi- 240V a.c. 13A supply socket
vii- Wiring system including wiring, raceway, sliding link terminal
blocks, terminals, cable glands, etc. to complete. The arrangement
of terminal block shall be vertical and for terminal block for AC
supply and DC supply shall be cover.
viii- Panel earthing system including door earthing wire or braid,
earthing bar, etc. to complete
ix- Panel labels indicating circuits, and panel identifications
x- Drawing compartment
xi- Close fitting lockable and lift-off steel doors shall be provided and
hinged in such a manner that they may be opened through at least
150o. Preferably the M/Kiosk with two door front and back.
Table 2: Protection and Control Panels/Cubicles Technical Requirements
2.5 TERMINAL BLOCK REQUIREMENT.
The terminal and test block facilities shall conform to the requirements categorized in Table 3. These
requirements are only applicable for relay and control panels including the interfacing panel such as
marshaling kiosk, Local Control Panel, Remote Tap Changer Panel and etc.

ITEMS REQUIREMENT
All terminal blocks shall comply in accordance to IEC 60947-7-1.

a) GENERAL Terminal block shall have separate terminals for the incoming and
outgoing connection and not more than two terminations being
terminated excluding any purpose made interconnectors.
Terminal assemblies are preferably to be of the unit form suitable for
mounting collectively on a standard assembly rail, secured from the
front and giving the required number for ways.
The terminal block shall be able to terminate wires size between 1.5
mm2 to at least 4 mm2 and rated in accordance to the current carrying
capacity of the wires.
Terminal block shall have approved insulation type of 600/1000 volt
grade for protection & control cables and 300/500 volt grade for
instrumentation cables.
Terminal block shall be of the insertion type where the conductor is grip by
a non-removable clamping unit (spring loaded clamp type). The use of
any non-standard tool or special lug for wiring termination is not
acceptable.
Terminal entries shall be shrouded such that no current carrying metal is
exposed.
Terminal between positive supply and negative supply for any circuit
where applicable shall be arrange not to be terminate side by side. A
sufficient gab, terminal block cover or separation shall be provided
between these two terminals.
Isolatable sliding link shall be provided at terminal blocks to facilitate in
the testing and isolation purposes of all circuits during maintenance.
All the terminal block for the control and protection panel shall be
undergo evaluation and validation by TNB to ensure the conformance
with TNB specification and to listed in TNB prefer list. The OEM or
supplier shall provide testing method and perform the test for TNB
review and evaluation.
There shall be not more than two cores (excluding comb link) of multi-
b) PROHIBITED core cables and internal cubicle wires connected to any one terminal.
MATTERS ON Where bridging connections are necessary, these shall be incorporated
WIRING in the terminal blocks or via insulated comb-type links.
The incoming circuit shall not connect at same side of terminal block
with outgoing circuit.
All terminal boards or terminal block rails shall be mounted in accessible
c) MOUNTING positions and when in enclosed panels/cubicles/kiosks, are preferably to
be inclined towards the front and back door.
Insulated barriers shall be fitted between adjacent group terminals.
Each terminal block shall be numbered in consecutive order within the
d) LABELLING group and each group of the same rail shall be designated and labelled
separately.
Labels shall be used to designate different group of assembly rails.
Spacing between adjacent terminal boards and between groups of
e) SPACING terminal blocks shall not less than 30mm.
The bottom of each board shall not less than 100mm above the
multicore cable gland plate
Insulated barrier shall be fitted between adjacent terminals.
All protection, control and indication circuits excluding for circuit AC or
f) FUNCTION FOR DC supply source shall be terminate at terminal block with the
TESTING PURPOSE removable, isolatable sliding link screw clamp type for facilitate in the

testing and isolation purposes of circuits during maintenance.
Each terminal block shall have a test socket for the connection of a
standard banana plug.
Banana plug test point shall be provided for testing purposes. No
exception to this requirement will be allowed. Independent banana test
socket and screw clamp terminal block is preferred.
415/240 volts terminals shall be segregated from other terminals and
g) 415/240 VOLTS shall be fitted with non-inflammable transparent plastic covers to
TERMINAL prevent contact with any live parts.
To have “WARNING – 415/240 AC” labels with red lettering mounted
thereon in a conspicuous position.
All connections shall be made at the front of the terminal boards and no
live metal shall be exposed at the back.
Terminal block used for pilot wire termination shall be suitably rated and
h) FOR PILOT WIRE not with isolatable link.
Test block facilities shall be provided at the front face of the panels.
i) TEST BLOCKS These facilities shall be dedicated for their specific IED or protective
relays and shall not be share.
Table 3: Terminal and Testing Block Technical Requirement.
2.6 TEST BLOCK REQUIREMENT AND LIVE MAINTENANCE FACILITY.
All the protection and control scheme that will initiate trip command to circuit breaker shall be
designed such that any maintenance of the protective relays and instrumentation can be safely
carried out on the live primary equipment without affecting any other protection relays or scheme
that are in service.
Separate and dedicated test facilities shall be provided for each current and voltage transformer
secondary circuits so as to give access for testing of protection relays and associated circuits. Device
test block shall be provided for each IED or protective relay for maintenance purposes. When the device
test plug is inserted inside the device test block, the following sequences shall be performed:
• Automatic isolation from device tripping or opening command such as trip circuit to every each
trip coils, initiation of lock-out relay, initiation to start CB Failure and Block Auto Reclose
• Automatic current transformer CT shorting or bypass the IED/relay where applicable (external
CT wiring shorting at the test plug shall not permitted).
• Automatic voltage transformer VT opening
• DC supply remain connected
General requirement for test block for each IED or protective relay shall be:
i. The relay test blocks for the current transformer shall be arranged that the secondary
connection of the current transformer shall be automatically shorted or bypass the relay and
the voltage transformer open-circuited before the link to the protection is isolated.
ii. The alarm circuit shall not be disturbed or isolate while the relay test facility is in use.
All the test block for main and backup protection relay which shall be preferably place at left
side of the relay. If the test block not able to be locate at the left the relay due to space
constraint, the test block shall be place at the nearest as possible with the relay and shall be
clearly label.
iii. All the test blog and the test plug shall be undergo evaluation and validation by TNB to
ensure the conformance with TNB specification and to be listed in TNB Prefer List. The OEM
or Supplier shall provide method of testing and to perform the testing subject to TNB review.
Preferably the OEM for the test blog and test plug shall be from main relay OEM.

Additional isolation trip link shall be provided to each IED or protective relay prevent tripping to other
circuits during maintenance or live work at the panel. This isolation trip link shall be mounted in front of
the relay panel and grouping in specific protective relay or scheme and clearly label. The trip isolation
link preferably can provide group isolation for each protection relay and shall be provide with front cover.
The mandatory isolating trip link that shall be provided but not limited to are as below:
i. Trip circuit to all the trip coils of the Circuit Breaker.

ii. Initiation of lock-out relay
iii. Initiation to start CB Failure.
iv. Inter-trip to remote end station
v. Initiation to busbar tripping if applicable.
vi. Initiation to block auto reclose relay.
vii. Initiation to start auto reclose relay
If the isolation trip link not able to mount in front of the relay panel due to space constraint, the isolation
trip link can be install inside panel with clearly label. The trip isolating terminal block shall be grouping
individually according to protective relay and shall be clearly label and mounting collectively on a
standard assembly rail.
Separate and dedicated isolating link shall also be provided for every each affected circuit or bay for
load shedding scheme. The load shedding isolating trip link shall be mounted and clearly label at the
panel where the Load Shedding relay or scheme is located.
All Trip Isolation Link shall be undergo evaluation and validation by TNB to ensure the conformance
with TNB specification and to be listed in TNB Prefer list.
2.7 EARTHING FACILITIES
Each control or relay panel shall be provided with copper earth bar of not less than 150 mm2
cross-section and arranged so that the bars of adjacent panels can be joined together to form a
common bus.
The common earthing busbar of control and relay panels shall be connected to the main station earthing
system via a copper earthing connection of not less than 150 mm2. Each current transformer circuit shall
be earthed at one point through a removable link in the marshalling kiosk.
EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT
a) Current Secondary windings of each set of current transformers shall be wired

Transformer to accepted type terminal blocks and earthed at one point only. The
earthing points of CT shall be in the marshalling kiosk or LCP at each
bay of the protected equipment. Earthing point for high impedance
Busbar protection shall be at the dedicated marshalling kiosk. The star
point of each CT winding shall be looped at the marshalling kiosk and
facing into the intended protected zone.
Separate secondary windings shall be used to segregate between the
b) Voltage protection functions and metering/control functions.
Transformer

2.8 MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) shall meet requirements as shown in Table 4.
ITEMS REQUIREMENT
Miniature circuit breaker (MCBs) requirements shall conform to IEC

a) MCB & MCCB 60898.
The circuit breaker (MCBs) shall be a mechanical switching device
capable of making and breaking currents under normal conditions, and
making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under short
circuit conditions.
The circuit breakers shall be equipped with both short-circuit protective
devices and overload protective devices.
The MCBs shall be high speed, fault limiting, thermal/magnetic type
with quick make or break trip free mechanisms which prevent the
breaker from being held in against overloads or faults.
The miniature circuit breakers (MCB) shall be used on protection and
isolation of circuits associated with protection, control, alarm and
instruments with auxiliary contact shall be made available for
supervision.
The MCB’s shall be clearly labelled. No fuses shall be used for the
purpose.
Phase segregated MCB’s shall be provided for CVT circuits at
marshalling kiosk.
All MCB’s used in control and relay panels shall be grouped according to
their functions and shall be clearly labelled on the panels as well as in
the wiring circuit diagrams.
MCBs shall be flush mounted on the front of the control or relay

b) MOUNT AND protection panels.
POSITION Except on panels forming extensions to existing boards, where
mounting of MCB’s and fuses shall conform to existing panels, MCB’s
and fuses shall be positioned at the bottom of the front face of the
respective relay and control boards.
Any tripping of major MCB circuit shall cause an alarm to be displayed.
c) ALARM AND In addition, DC voltage monitoring relays shall be provided for each
MONITORING circuit function to monitor the operation of the MCB.
MCBs shall be connected to enable any high voltage circuit breaker to

d) MAINTENANCE be individually isolated for maintenance purposes.
Table 4: MCB Technical Requirement
2.9 DC AUXILIARY SUPPLY

DC auxiliary supply for protection and control shall meet the requirements stated in Table 5.
ITEMS REQUIREMENT
Protection and control system shall be powered by D.C auxiliary supplies

a) GENERAL to provide continuity of service in the event of loss or interruption of A.C
auxiliary supplies, for certain duration of time.
There shall be only one dedicated D.C system for 500kV voltage level.
There shall be only one shared D.C system for 275kV voltage level and
below in one building.

The D.C. relays, coils, elements, etc., shall be rated from 110V nominal
b) VOLTAGE station D.C. system, which under float charging conditions operates at
OPERATING RANGE 121 volts.
The D.C. operated relays, coils, elements, etc., shall be suitable for
continuous operation for a voltage range of 80% - 115% of rated
voltage (88 V to 125 V)
DC supervision relays shall be provided but not limited to for detection
c) MONITORING of DC supply failure for both protection circuits, control circuit, alarm
circuit, BCU circuit, busbar protection circuit and switchgear auxiliary DC
supply.
All outgoing circuit MCS’s shall be monitored
For protection and control applications, each bay shall be supplied by
d) DC DISTRIBUTION two d.c. circuits from d.c. distribution board as follows:
Rated Bay (kV) Circuit from DC Control &
Distribution Board Protection Function
Circuit
Main 1 Protection
132 kV Circuit 1 system
Control system
Back-up Protection
system
Bay Control Unit –BCU
(for SCS station)
Outdoor switchgear
auxiliary supplies.
Circuit 1 Main 1 Protection
275 kV and above system
Control System
Back-up Control
(for SCS)
Circuit 2 Main 2 Protection
system
Back-up Protection
system
Outdoor switchgear
auxiliary supplies.
One separate D.C circuit shall be provided for signalling and alarm
purposes.
One separate D.C circuit shall be provided for each Master SCS system,
SCADA facilities, Fault Recorder, etc.
One separate D.C circuit shall be provided for transformer remote tap
changer controller, Transformer local control panel and GIS local control
panel.
Table 5: DC Auxiliary Supply Requirement
2.10 MASTER TRIP RELAY AND AUXILLARY TRIPPING RELAY
All Master trip relay or auxiliary tripping relay shall comply to class RT-IV IEC61810-1. Tripping relay
for application as lock-out or master trip relay (-F86E) shall be provided with suitable rated heavy
duty contacts to direct pick-up the tripping coil and to lock-out the circuit breaker. Tripping relay for
Master Trip lock-out relay application shall be flash mounted and provide with flag or led indication
that can only be reset electrically from single command.
All master trip or lock-out relays shall have sufficient number of normally open contact (NO) and
normally close contact (NC) for the tripping coil, interlocking requirement, CB counter and indication.

High Speed and high burden type auxiliary tripping relay (-F94) may be used to initiate the Master
Trip relay and does not affect the maximum fault clearing time. Where applicable the auxiliary
tripping relay shall not be used for direct tripping to circuit breaker trip coil. The operation of the
auxiliary tripping relays shall be less than 10 milliseconds.
The rated nominal voltage of Master Trip relay and auxiliary tripping relay shall be 110 V or 125 V
DC. The minimum and maximum pick-up voltage for the Master Trip relay and auxiliary tripping relay
shall be suitable for continuous operation on D.C system in the range of 80% - 115% of rated
voltage 110/125 V DC system (88 V – 125 V or 112V - 138 V). The Master Trip relay and auxiliary
relays shall be stable and not be affected by a slow decay, surges, dips, ripples, spikes and chattering
of the DC supply. The operating time for tripping relay or lock-out relay shall be less than 10 ms.
Where and if require tripping relay latch type or non-latch type that require to direct pick-up the
tripping coil shall have flag indication or led light to indicate the operation and only can reset by
manually or electrically.
The Master Trip relay or auxiliary tripping relay shall not be sensitive to the capacitive effects. All the
new tripping relay shall performed capacitance discharge test by using capacitance not less than
10µF to ensure the relay remain stable in the event of an earth fault causing the energy stored in the
capacitance between cable and earth to be dissipated in the relay operating coil. OEM or supplier can
propose equivalent test as above conformance with any international standard subject to TNB
approval.
All the Master trip and auxiliary tripping relay shall be undergo evaluation and validation by TNB to
ensure the conformance with TNB specification and to be listed in TNB prefer list. The OEM or
Supplier shall provide method of testing accordance to IEC61810-7 and to perform the testing
subject to TNB review. Preferably the OEM for the Master trip and auxiliary tripping relay shall be
from main relay OEM.
3.0 PROTECTIVE RELAY OR INTELLIGENT ELECTRONIC DEVICE (IEDS)
3.1 IED GENERAL REQUIREMENT
All major intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and substation secondary system components including
protection relays and control devices shall successfully undergo and pass product acceptance testing
before being accepted for use, commissioning or put in service in any TNB substation in accordance
with the standard TNB guidelines, procedures and technical specifications.
The IEDs Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) shall provide up to 10 year product warranty from
date of supply on all aspects relating to product components, manufacture and delivery. The IED
shall be manufactured by the OEM in compliance to quality management systems certified to the
latest ISO 9001 standards and quality control practices. The relay OEM shall also provide device parts
support and availability for at least 10 years from device phase out date. Lifetime warranty shall be
provided against IED design defect. The warranty shall include all cost associated with product failure
investigation and reporting including shipment to and from Product OEM product center.
Preferably, intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) of microprocessor or computer based type such as
numerical protection relays, control devices, recorders, telecommunication equipment, etc. shall be
used in TNB transmission system.
However, as an exception, electromechanical or static relays for the following applications may be
used;
 Relay using high impedance principle such as high impedance busbar protection & restricted
earth fault (REF)
 Pilot Wire protection
 Arc protection
 Circuit breaker failure relay

 Lockout master trip relay
 Tripping relays
 Auxiliary relays
Protective relays or IEDs for transmission system shall be designed or conformed to the following
requirements as shown in Table 6 below:
Basic Requirements Details
Make Suitably rated with high speed
a) Relay Tripping Carry operation
Output Contacts Break
Contact operating time
Input type Optocoupler/optically isolated
b) Relay Input Nominal/Rated Operating 110 Vdc (Nominal
Voltage 125 Vdc (Rated)
Relay power supply and binary input
shall be suitable for operation on DC
system in the range of 80% to 120%
of the nominal DC voltage specified.
Anti-bounce filters. All binary inputs are equipped with
anti-bounce filters.
Time stamped operation All binary input operations are time

stamped
Configurable inputs Configurable to TNB requirement
Relay internal failure Alarm and block

c) Self-Supervision - protection functions
Function Relay internal failure Alarm only
- other than protection function
Rated/Nominal current 1 A/5A
d) Electrical (Not applicable for relay with (5A for distribution system)
Parameters voltage input only)
Rated AC Voltage – rated to VT 110 V ac
secondary rating
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Nominal/Rated Auxiliary 110 Vdc (Nominal)
Operating Voltage 125 Vdc (Rated)
Operative Ranges of Auxiliary 0.8 x Vn (Nominal) to 1.1 x Vrated
Voltage (Rated)
Total Relay Accuracy (%) ± 5%
Relay Housing Flush Mounted
e) Mechanical and Enclosure Degree of Protection IP 51
digital parameter (Front)
Maintainability Withdrawal modules/cards to facilitate
easy replacement and testing
Terminals The terminal relay for the current and
voltage circuit shall be able to
terminate by wires size between 2.5
mm2 to at least 4 mm2 and or other
size that rated in accordance to the
current carrying capacity of the wires.
For the binary input and output the
relay terminal shall be to terminate
wire size between 1.5mm2 to 2.5mm2.
All the termination to the relay

including fiber optic communication
shall be terminate at the back of the
relay.
The termination of the relay shall not
require to be using any non-standard
tool or special lug for wiring
termination. Preferably ring lug type to
be use for CT and VT circuit
connection.
The relay terminal shall be able to
terminate not more than two wires. If
the relay terminal not able to
terminate more than two wires,
separate external connector shall be
provided and the connector
assemblies are preferably to be
specific dedicated for the that
particular IED/relay and mounting
collectively on a standard assembly
rail.
Earthing Terminal Earthing point or terminal shall be at
rear of the relay
Nominal ambient temperature Conform to IEC 60255-1 or equivalent
f) Climatic range
parameters Relative humidity Conform to IEC 60255-1 or equivalent
Table 6: General Technical Requirement for IEDs
3.2 SPECIAL REQUIREMENT OF IEDs OR NUMERICAL RELAYS
3.2.1 BASIC DESIGN

Numerical type relays or IEDs shall meet special basic design requirements mentioned in table 7
below:
ITEMS REQUIREMENT
All numerical relays or IEDs shall be of microprocessor based with the

a) GENERAL microprocessor deciding on the alarm or trip condition.
The numerical relays or IEDs shall be in accordance with the IEC 60255,
b) STANDARDS IEC 60259, IEC 60068, IEC 60801, IEC 60521 and IEC-CISPR22
standards.
The manufacturer should provide local technical support and services

c) QUALITY facilities. The device parts support and availability should be available
ASSURANCE for at least 10 years from device phase out date.
The devices preferably shall be of withdraw-able type to facilitate easy

d) MAINTENANCE replacement, testing and a make before break facility of relay current
ABILITY input shall be provided.
In the case of non-with drawable type, means of isolating the relay

circuitry shall be provided for testing purposes.

The numerical relay or IEDs shall be able to retain in a non-volatile
e) DATA STORAGE memory all its latest logics, algorithm, settings, registered values,
events and operation indications in the event of D.C. power failure.
The devices shall also be able to continuously keep track of its internal
clock (time and date) in the event of D.C. power failure.
The devices shall have a minimum of two protection function group

f) SETTING settings and be able to be interchanged between the group settings.
Any changes of device settings shall be authentically verified.
Online changing of device setting shall not affect the operational value
until confirmed.
To maintain the level of security for IEDs operational setting,
configurations; access to these functions shall only be permitted
through a system of passwords.
In any case, where the internal logics of the numerical relay or IEDs are
g) INTERNAL LOGICS configurable, it shall be made standard according to TNB specification
and practices.
For numerical relays that use teleprotection signalling, e.g. Distance

h) DATA relays, Breaker Failure relays, etc., the permissive and direct intertrip
TRANSMISSION schemes shall be of a 110 volts DC interface to the teleprotection
equipment. No external D.C/D.C converter between the relay and the
teleprotection
For numerical relays that use teleprotection data channels, e.g. Current
Differential relays, Current Comparison relays, etc., shall be able to
handle a transmission delay of not more than 15ms.
For numerical relays that use teleprotection data channels shall use
64kbit/s co-directional complying with ITUT G.703 recommendations
(provide option of using IEEE C37.94 Standard protocol depending on
project). An optical-to-electrical interface converter may be allowed to
cater for interferences between the relay and the communication
equipment.
Table 7: Numerical Relays or IEDs General Basic Design Requirement
3.2.2 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) REQUIREMENTS
The Human Machine Interface (HMI) shall comply the basic requirements as shown in Table 8 below:
BASIC REQUIREMENTS DETAILS
a) HMI Display type Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with auto dimming
function for numerical type relay.
Message type Alphanumeric
Keypad Integrated
Mounting/ Location Front of the relay
b) Information HMI structure Hierarchical navigation structure

Navigation
c) Function View or display View or display relay settings

View or monitor service and measurement/ metering
values
View or display event and fault information
View or display relay internal events
View or display relay information/status

Fault Information e.g. Faulted phase, Trip or
operating time, etc.
Change or modify Change or modify relay settings
Change or modify relay setting groups for numerical
relay
Testing and Monitoring Testing and commissioning assistance

Monitoring of relay self supervision status
d) Keypad/ Safe Operation No relay operation or tripping due to updating,

Pushbutton changing or modifying of relay settings and/or
configurations
Password restriction for changing or modifying relay
setting/configuration and commissioning assistance
e) IEDs Fixed LED Indication a) Trip

Indicator b) Alarm (General)
c) Fail/Healthy
Programmable LED Configurable to TNB requirement
Indication
Indication Reset All indications can only be reset manually by
Operation pushbutton/keypad without opening the front cover
(where applicable)
Indication auto update Always indicate the last fault information.

f) Measurement Measurements Load current (where applicable)
(Base on protection Operating voltage (where applicable)
function and Power (where applicable)
application) Able to display in primary or secondary value pf
system voltage and/or current
Table 8: HMI Basic Requirement
3.2.3 EVENT LOG AND FAULT RECORD
The numerical relays or IEDs event and fault records shall meet basic requirements as shown in
Table 9 below:
Number of Event Record ≥100 event records
a) EVENT RECORD (inclusive sub-event)
Timed & Date Time & date stamped by IED real time clock
Relay real time clock ≤1 ms

Recording Sequence First in first out (FIFO)
Display View LCD
Interrogation software
Chronological Event IED tripping
Record (Minimum Binary Input/Output operation or change state
Requirement) IED internal algorithm pickup/drop-off
IED internal events
IED ON/OFF state or restart
IED self-supervision & monitoring state
Setting change
Memory type Stored in non-volatile memory

Number of Fault Record Min. 5 records
b) OSCILLOGRAPHIC Timed & Date Time & date stamped by relay real time clock
FAULT RECORD
Recording Duration Dynamic fault record duration up to 5.0 second
for 21Z and 87L
Dynamic fault record duration up to 1.0 second
for other than 21Z and 87L
File Format COMTRADE format (IEC 60255-24)
Sampling Freq. Min. 600Hz
Memory Record Handling First in first out (FIFO)
Triggering Protection start or trip
Binary input (manual/external triggering)
Display View Relay Interrogation and Analysis Software Tools
Table 9: Event Log and Fault Record Requirement
3.2.4 IED COMMUNICATION INTERFACE
The IED communication interfaces shall satisfy basic requirement as shown at table 10:

PC Serial Port RS232 of 25/9 pins, RJ45 or USB
a) Interrogation IED Front Interface port
Software Note: Other types of port such as Ethernet port
Interface or Fibre Optic connection is acceptable provided
that industry standard communication interface
tools are provided.
Interface access from front of IED using PC or
computer notebook
Connection to the interface will not cause relay
mal-operation
Security requirement via access control password
for setting & configuration change
IED Rear Interface PC Serial Port RS485, RJ45 or Fiber Optic
Interface access from rear of IED to remote
location, e.g. Substation Interrogation &
Monitoring System (SIMS) or Engineering
Workstation (EWS)
Connection to the interface will not cause relay
mal-operation
Security requirement via access control password
for setting & configuration change
b) System IED Remote Rear Ethernet Port RJ45 (preferred interface type)
Interface Communication Interface or Fibre Optic for IEC 61850 conformant IED
Interface access from rear of IED to remote client
server, e.g. SCADA Gateway, Station HMI/SLOI or
IEC 61850 engineering workstation.
Table 10: IEDs Communication Interface Requirement.

3.3 NUMERICAL RELAY OPERATING TIME REQUIREMENT
The protection relays shall satisfy the maximum pickup time, maximum operating time and maximum
reset time shown in table 11:.
VOLTAGE LEVEL PROTECTION MAXIMUM

OPERATING TIME
Main Protection Relay
275kV and above 30 ms
Primary Elements
Main Protection Relay
132kV 30 ms
Primary Elements
33kV and below Main Protection Relay 50 ms

Table 11: Operating Time of the protection device
3.4 FAULT CLEARANCE TIMES
The maximum fault clearing time (from fault initiation to arc extinction) shall not exceed the
following:
VOLTAGE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT OR ITEMS OF MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING
LEVEL CLASSIFICATION PLANT TIME
Substation (Busbar) 100 ms
500KV MAIN PROTECTION Circuits (Line, Cable and 100 ms
Transformer)
Not more than 1 second
BACKUP Substation and Circuits (rated short circuit time of
PROTECTION the primary equipment)
Substation (Busbar) 100 ms

275KV MAIN PROTECTION Circuits (Line, Cable and 100 ms
Transformer)
Substation (Busbar & 100 ms

132KV MAIN PROTECTION transformer)
Circuits (Line and Cable)- 100 ms
exception for line or cable 150 ms (Main Pilot Wire
using Pilot Wire Protection Protection)
for matching remote end
Table 12: Fault Clearing Time
Note:
 CB operating time is assumed shall to be less than 40 ms
 The current transformer for main protection device is assumed to have adequate steady-state
and transient characteristics for its intended function
 In the event of main protection using distance protection, the maximum operating time is
assumed to at less than 80% of zone 1.
 Relay operating time includes relay fault inception detection time, microprocessor time and relay
output contact time.

 Telecommunication carrier send/receive time (from relay to relay) is assumed to be less than 20
ms.
 Telecommunication transmission delay is assumed to be less than 10 ms.
 Handle a delay variation or asymmetric delay of not more than 0.25ms.
4.0 PROTECTION FUNCTION AND OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC OR PRINCIPLE
The operating characteristics/principles of the Main protection function shall be summarized as

shown in Table 13.
New operating principles may be considered subject to its proven performance, with historical
records, of the intended functions and through Transient Network Analysis (TNA) tests.
Main protection and backup protection functions shall be implemented independently in physically
separate protection relays, where failure of one relay should not result in complete failure to clear a
fault (single-failure criterion)
However both main protection and backup protection functions may be integrated and resided in the
same single multifunction protection relay. This can be implemented by complete duplication of
integrated multifunction numerical protection relays with similar functions but from different
manufacturers. The two separate protection relays or groups should each independently capable of
performing both main protection and backup protection functions. The contractor shall propose relay
setting configuration and input-output terminal for integrate multifunction protection in one IED.
Failure of one of the protection relays or groups should not result in complete failure to clear a fault.
This is to avoid common mode failure and to satisfy single-failure criterion. Independent separate
backup protection relay may not be required.
Bay n Protection 1
Main Protection Backup Protection

Functions Allocation e.g. Line e.g. Distance Prot.
Differential & Overload Prot.
(87L )
Protection 1 (21Z & 49OL)
- Protection (Bay Level)

- Protection Related (Bay Level) Trip/Alarm
Fault Recorder Conditioning
Protection 2
- Protection (Bay Level) CB Trip Output
- Protection Related (Bay Level)
Control Protection 2
- Protection Related (Bay Level)
- Control (Bay Level) Main Protection Backup Protection
- Monitoring (Bay Level) e.g. Line
- Measurements (Bay Level) Differential
(87L )
Trip/Alarm
Fault Recorder Conditioning
CB Trip Output
Figure 1: Protection Device/IED Integration

4.1 MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE
For main protection function, the operating characteristics/principles shall be complied to

requirement as summarized in Table 13(a).
1- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: LINE DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION (87L)

Sub Function
Operating Differential current measurement with biased / restrain
a) CURRENT Characteristics Or element
DIFFERENTIAL General Principle Bias characteristic with at least 2 bias slopes.
 Zero bias slope
 Settable bias slope
Instantaneous operation
Echo or “Ping-Pong” relay-to-relay communication
principle (Identical send and receive signal propagation
times)
Attributes Or Phase segregated current differential protection
Features Two or Multi-terminal configuration based on application
Stable during external fault and external fault with CT
saturation
Inter-tripping to remote end relay(s)
Fault Locator or fault recording
Transmitted or communication data integrity checks
Operating Master-Slave Sampling Synchronization OR GPS

b) SIGNAL Characteristics Or Sampling Synchronization
PROPAGATION General Principle
DELAY Attributes Or Relay Block and Alarm for delay exceeded maximum
COMPENSATION
Features delay time determined by relay.
Operating External initiation
e) TRANSFER TRIP Characteristics Or Instantaneous Trip
General Principle
Attributes Or External transfer trip initiation through Binary Input and
Features relay’s configurable internal logic.
f) CURRENT Attributes Or CT ratio correction setting.

TRANSFORMER Features
RATIO
CORRECTION
Attributes Or Inter-station relay data communication shall be use IEC
g) DATA Features 62843 standard nx64kps (IEEE Std C37.94) protocol
COMMUNICATION with direct optical fibre interface between line current
SYSTEM differential protection and telecommunication
multiplexer equipment.
As option, 64kbps co-directional teleprotection data
channel complying with ITUTG.703 recommendations
shall be provided where applicable to match existing
remote end line current differential protection. A
separate optical to electrical G.703 converter shall
required for interfacing between the relay and the PCM
Telecommunication Equipment. The G.703 converter
shall be installed on the relay panel closest to the
protection relay.
Direct optical fibre (for special applications-bulk supply
and cable feeder)

Communication media supervision
Relay communication address.
2- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: DISTANCE PROTECTION (21Z)

Sub Function
a) DISTANCE Operating Impedance measurement operating principle.
MEASURING Characteristics Or Quadrilateral characteristic for earth ground fault.
ELEMENT General Principle Quadrilateral or Mho characteristic for phase to phase
fault.
Instantaneous trip operation for Zone 1.
Delayed operation for zones other than Zone 1.
Attributes Or Three forward zone distance protection measuring
Features element with settable timer
One reverse zone distance protection measuring
element with settable timer.
Load encroachment supervision
Operating Binary input signal from VT MCB
b) VOLTAGE Characteristics Or Or
TRANSFORMER General Principle Measurement of Zero sequence quantities.
SUPERVISION Or
(VTS)
Measurement of negative sequence quantities.
Attributes Or Delayed for alarm
Features User selective actions
i.e. Block voltage operating functions or only alarm.
Operating Impedance measurement.

c) SWITCH-ON-TO- Characteristics Or Dead line recognition using circuit breaker auxiliary
FAULT (SOTF) General Principle contact.
Attributes Or Instantaneous operation for fault during line
Features energization.
100% to 150% of protected line coverage during
energization.
d) Power Swing Operating Impedance measurement
Blocking (PSB) Characteristics Or Or
General Principle Power angle measurement
Or
Other algorithm, subject to acceptance test.
Attributes Or To block or stabilize distance zones operation during
Features power swing phenomenon.
Stabilize / block release facilities provided for at least
two individual distance zones through relay setting.
Operating Residual current measurement.
e) DIRECTIONAL Characteristics Or Directional polarizing quantities using
EARTH FAULT – General Principle Zero sequence or
PERMISSIVE
OVERREACH Negative sequence
COMPARISON Attributes Or Dedicated permissive signal.
Features Stabilized during current reversal condition.
Blocked during single pole dead time associated to
single-pole auto-reclosing.
Echo feature for permissive signal.
Operating Instantaneous Trip
f) TELEPROTECTION Characteristics Or
SCHEME General Principle
i- PERMISSIVE UNDER

REACH SCHEME (PUR) Attributes Or Dedicated permissive signal.
ii- PERMISSIVE OVER
Features Ready for (PUR) or scheme (POR) through relay setting
REACH SCHEME
(POR) or relay internal logic configuration.
POR scheme shall cooperate with transient blocking or
current reversal blocking feature.
3- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER BIASED DIFFERENTIAL 87T

Sub Function
Operating Differential measurement with biased / restrain element
a) BIASED Characteristics Or
DIFFERENTIAL General Principle Bias characteristic with at least 2 bias slopes
 Zero bias slope
Instantaneous Trip
Attributes Or Segregated phase measurement
Features 2 winding application
Unless specified 3 winding application if tertiary winding

is loading.
Fault Recording
saturation
Operating Detection:
b) INRUSH BLOCKING Characteristics Or i. 2nd harmonic measurement or
General Principle ii. Waveform gap measurement or
iii. Other measuring technique (subject to testing).
Instantaneous blocking on detection.
Instantaneous blocking release on reset.
Attributes Or Instantaneous blocking for inrush detection above
Features setting.
Instantaneous blocking release for inrush detection
below setting.
Setting facilities for inrush cross or no cross blocking
option.
Operating Covers all vector groups used in TNB system
c) TRANSFORMER Characteristics Or Autotransformer with delta tertiary.
VECTOR General Principle Ynd1 / Ynd11 (with Earthing transformer Znyn
COMPENSATION connected to d side).
Ynyn0d1 /Ynyn0d11 (with d terminal not used)
Dyn1/Dyn11
Attributes Or Zero sequence elimination setting.
Features
d) UNRESTRAINED Operating Differential measurement
DIFFERENTIAL / Characteristics Or
HIGH-SET General Principle
DIFFERENTIAL
e) CURRENT Attributes Or Ratio correction through relay setting/configuration
TRANSFORMER Features
RATIO
CORRECTION

4- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER OVER-EXCITATION (OVERFLUX)
PROTECTION
Sub Function
Operating Volt-per-hertz measurement
a) OVERFLUX Characteristics Or Definite time
General Principle Inverse time
Attributes Or Two settable operating stages with different pickup and
Features operating time.
Stage 1 – Alarm
Stage 2 – Trip
5- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER HIGH IMPEDANCE DIFFERENTIAL

PROTECTION 87T
Sub Function
Operating Differential current measurement with stabilizing
a) DIFFERENTIAL Characteristics Or element
PROTECTION General Principle Instantaneous Trip

Features 2 winding application
Unless specified 3 winding application if tertiary winding
is loading.
6- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER RESTRICTED EARTH FAULT

PROTECTION 64REF
Sub Function
Operating Differential current measurement with stabilizing
b) RESTRICTED Characteristics Or element
EARTH FAULT General Principle Instantaneous Trip
PROTECTION
(HIGH Attributes Or Voltage or current operated relay
IMPEDANCE) Features Shunt stabilizing resistor for voltage operated relay.
Series stabilizing resistor for current setting relay.
RESTRICTED EARTH Operating Differential current measurement
FAULT PROTECTION Characteristics Or Instantaneous Trip
(LOW IMPEDANCE) General Principle
Attributes Or Stability factor setting for external earth fault and CT
Features saturation condition.
Integrate in Bias Differential relay
7- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER GUARDS

(26OT): OIL TEMPERATURE
(26WT): WIND TEMPERATURE
(63): MAIN BUCHHOLZ
(63PRD): PRESSURE RELIEF
Sub Function
Operating Oil temperature measurement.
OIL TEMPERATURE Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Two settable operating stages with different pickup
Features setting.
 Stage 1 – Alarm
 Stage 2 – Trip
Operating Simulated winding temperature measurement
WINDING Characteristics Or
TEMPERATURE General Principle

Features setting.
Operating Oil surge and gas accumulation operation.
MAIN BUCHOLZ Characteristics Or Instantaneous Trip
General Principle
Features setting.
Operating Oil surge operation.
OLTC BUCHOLZ Characteristics Or Instantaneous Trip
General Principle
Operating Alarm stage
PRESSURE RELIEF Characteristics Or
DEVICE General Principle
8- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: HIGH IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION 87BB
Sub Function
Operating Differential current Measurement with stabilizing
a) BUSBAR Characteristics Or element
DIFFERENTIAL General Principle Instantaneous Trip
Features
Operating Voltage operated
b) CURRENT Characteristics Or
TRANSFORMER
Instantaneous operation
General Principle
CIRCUIT
SUPERVISION
Features Short the CT circuit.
Block relay operations and provides alarm.
Operating Zone tripping selection utilizing busbar disconnector
c) ZONE TRIPPING Characteristics Or replica/image
SELECTION General Principle
9- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION

(87BBLO)
Sub Function
Operating Differential current measurement with biased / restrain
a) BIASED Characteristics Or element
DIFFERENTIAL General Principle Bias characteristic with at least 2 bias slopes.
 Zero bias slope
Attributes Or Phase segregated measurement
Features At least two measuring element
Two-of-two operation tripping criteria security check
saturation
Fault Recording
Enable and Disable Busbar Protection Function
b) BUS COUPLER END Attributes Or Tripping selection utilizing Bus Coupler circuit breaker
ZONE FAULT Features replica/image.
DETECTION

Operating Current level measurement
c) FEEDER END ZONE Characteristics Or Instantaneous operating time characteristic
FAULT DETECTION General Principle
(OPTIONAL) Attributes Or Stabilize busbar protection feature
Features
Transfer trip to remote end.
Momentary blocking feature with circuit breaker closing
operation.
d) CT RATIO ERROR Attributes Or Ratio correction through relay setting/configuration.

CORRECTION Features
Operating External or internal Breaker Failure tripping initiation
e) CIRCUIT BREAKER Characteristics Or
FAILURE TRIPPING General Principle
SELECTION Attributes Or Tripping selection utilizing busbar disconnector
Features replica/image
Operating Busbar disconnector replica/image – Double point
f) REPLICA/IMAGE Characteristics Or inputs
General Principle Busbar circuit breaker replica/image – Double point
inputs (optional)
Attributes Or Auto update replica image.
Features
Memorize last state for busbar disconnector

replica/image failure.
Delayed alarm during for replica/image failure
Operating Current transformer circuit supervision.
g) CT CIRCUIT OR Characteristics Or Disconnector replica failure supervision.
DIFFERENTIAL General Principle
SUPERVISION Attributes Or Selective blocking of differential protection zones and
Features provides alarm.
Operating Replica / image monitoring algorithm.
h) REPLICA IMAGE Characteristics Or
SUPERVISION General Principle
Attributes Or Relay memorizes last state condition.
Features Provide alarm.
10- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: CAPACITOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION (49OL)
Sub Function
Operating Current measurement
a) THERMAL Characteristics Or
OVERLOAD General Principle Operating characteristics replicates specific capacitor
voltage overload characteristics (IEC 871-1/ANSI 18-
1990)
Features settings:
Stage 1 – Alarm
Stage 2 – Trip
11- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: CAPACITOR UNBALANCE PROTECTION (50UB)

Sub Function
Operating Unbalance current measurement
UNBALANCE Characteristics Or Definite time operating characteristic
General Principle
Attributes Or Natural unbalance compensation.
Features

Two settable operating stages with different pickup
settings:
Stage 1 – Alarm
Stage 2 – Trip
12- MAIN PROTECTION FUNCTION: PILOT WIRE PROTECTION (87PW)
Sub Function
Operating Differential current measurement with build in
DIFFERENTIAL Characteristics Or stabilizing element
PROTECTION General Principle Instantaneous time operating characteristic
Features Segregated pilot wire for each phase
Operating DC voltage injection
PILOT WIRE Characteristics Or Instantaneous time operation
SUPERVISION General Principle
Features Provides alarm for open circuit or short circuit pilot wire
OVER-CURRENT Characteristics Or
CHECK/START General Principle
Attributes Or Segregated phase over-current measurement
Features Provides securities features for relay operation
Operating Initiation from trip output.

REMOTE INTER- Characteristics Or
TRIPPING General Principle
Attributes Or Instantiate remote lockout relay and indication relay /
Features facia.
Table 13(a): Main Protection Function
4.2 BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE
For the backup protection function, the operating characteristics/principles shall be comply to
requirement as summarized in Table 13(b).
a) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: DISTANCE PROTECTION (21ZBU)
Sub Function
Operating Impedance measurement operating principle.
DISTANCE Characteristics Or Quadrilateral characteristic for earth ground fault
MEASURING ELEMENT General Principle Quadrilateral or Mho characteristic for phase to
phase fault.
Setable tripping operating time for all distance zones
including Zone 1.
Delayed operation for zones including Zone 1.
Attributes Or Two forward zone distance protection measuring
Features element with settable timer
One reverse zone distance protection measuring

element with settable timer.
All distance Zones (including Zone 1) are able to
operate independently without the requirement for
any blocking or release signal from Main Protection.
Load encroachment supervision
VOLTAGE Characteristics Or Or

TRANSFORMER General Principle Measurement of Zero sequence quantities.
SUPERVISION (VTS) Or
Instantaneous operation.
Attributes Or Delayed VT failed alarm
Features
User selective actions
i.e. Block voltage operating functions or only alarm.
Operating Impedance measurement.
SWITCH-ON-TO- Characteristics Or Dead line recognition using circuit breaker auxiliary
FAULT (SOTF) General Principle contact.
Attributes Or Instantaneous operation for fault during line
Features energization.
100% to 150% of protected line coverage during
energization.
Operating Impedance measurement
POWER SWING Characteristics Or Or
BLOCKING (PSB) General Principle Power angle measurement
Or
Other algorithm, subject to acceptance test.
Attributes Or Block or stabilize distance zones operation during
Features power swing phenomenon.
Stabilizer / blocking release facilities provided for at
least two individual distance zones through relay
setting.
Operating Impedance measurement operating principle
FAULT LOCATOR Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Single ended measurement
Features
b) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE (50BF)

Sub Function
Operating Current level measurement with external or internal
SINGLE CURRENT Characteristics Or start initiation.
ELEMENTS General Principle Instant pickup.
Attributes Or Segregated phase current element
Features
Segregated phase start initiation
1. Start R Phase
2. Start Y Phase
3. Start B Phase
4. Start 3 Phase
Fast reset time
Operating Definite time operating characteristic

TIMER ELEMENTS Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Two timer for two segregated stage tripping
Features operation:
Stage 1 – Re-trip
Stage 2 – Busbar trip and direct transfer trip signal
to remote end

c) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: OVERCURRENT AND EARTH FAULT
(50/51OCEF)
Sub Function
OVERCURRENT Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
General Principle i. Inverse curve based on IEC 60255-3
ii. Definite time
iii. Instantaneous
Attributes Or Residual current level measurement.
Features Operating time characteristic
i. Inverse curve based on IEC 60255-3
ii. Definite time
iii. Instantaneous
Operating Residual current level measurement.

EARTH FAULT Characteristics Or
Operating time characteristic
General Principle
i. Inverse curve based on IEC 60255-3
ii. Definite time
iii. Instantaneous
Attributes Or One earth-fault element
Features Pickup indication for each phase.
d) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT AND EARTH
FAULT(67DOC)
Sub Function
Operating Current level measurement.
OVERCURRENT Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
ii. Definite time
iii. Instantaneous
Attributes Or 3 phase over-current elements
Features Pickup indication for each phase
Operating Residual current level measurement.
EARTH FAULT Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
ii. Definite time
iii. Instantaneous
Attributes Or One earth-fault element
Features Pickup indication for each phase.
Operating Directional polarizing quantities:
DIRECTIONAL Characteristics Or i. Cross voltage polarizing for directional over-
CONTROL ELEMENT General Principle current.
ii. Negative sequence Or Zero sequence
quantities for directional earth- fault
Attributes Or Memory voltage for directional over-current.
Features
POLARIZING VOLTAGE Characteristics Or Or
SUPERVISION General Principle Measurement of Zero sequence quantities.
FUNCTION Or
Instantaneous operation.
Attributes Or Change to non-directional during VT failed.
Features Delayed VT failed alarm

e) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: STANDBY EARTH FAULT (64SBEF)
Sub Function
Operating Residual current level measurement
SENSITIVE EARTH Characteristics Or Definite time operating characteristic
FAULT General Principle
Attributes Or One current element.
Features Two timer for two segregated stage tripping
operation
Stage 1 – Busbar splitting
Stage 2 – Trip incomer
f) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: THERMAL OVERLOAD PROTECTION (49OL)

Sub Function
Operating Characteristics based on IEC 60255-8
THERMAL OVERLOAD Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Minimum two settable operating stages with
Features different pickup setting.
Stage 1 – Alarm
Stage 2 - Trip
g) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: FREQUENCY PROTECTION
(81UF) UNDER FREQUENCY
(81OF) OVER FREQUENCY
Sub Function
Operating Frequency measurement
UNDER FREQUENCY Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
General Principle i. Instantaneous
ii. Definite time
Attributes Or Settable tripping time
Features For Load Shedding using frequency and under-
voltage
Frequency protection blocking for under voltage
condition
Operating
OVER FREQUENCY Characteristics Or Frequency measurement
General Principle
Operating time characteristic
i. Instantaneous
ii. Definite time
Attributes Or
Features Settable tripping time
h) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: VOLTAGE PROTECTION
(27UV) UNDER VOLTAGE
(59OV) OVER VOLTAGE
Sub Function
Operating Voltage level measurement
UNDER VOLTAGE Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
ii. Definite time
Features External blocking initiation feature (VT MCB trip)
OVER VOLTAGE

Characteristics Or Operating time characteristic
ii. Definite time
Features Minimum two settable operating stages with
different pickup setting.
Stage 1 – Alarm
Stage 2 – Trip
i) BACKUP PROTECTION FUNCTION: BREAKER MANAGEMENT

Sub Function
Operating The CT and VT measurement for protection
RELAY WITH Characteristics Or application shall be taken to 50CBM. Sharing
MANDATORY General Principle current and voltage input from CT and VT from
INTEGRATED
backup protection is acceptable if dedicated CT
FUNCTION WITH:
and VT not available.
i. AUTO RECLOSE Attributes Or Separate relay test block with test and isolation
FUNCTION (79AR) Features facilities
ii. SYNCHRONIZING Information of Circuit breaker status and busbar
FUNCTION disconnector position shall employ 1 Normally
(25SYN)
Open (89A) and 1 Normally Closed (89B) auxiliary
iii. CB FAILURE
(50CBF)
contact from each disconnector and CB. Undefined
status shall block protection function that require
PREFERABLY the status of CB or disconnector position and shall
INTEGRATE trigger warning alarm local and remote.
FUNCTION: Dedicated Alarm for each function for annunciator
windows
i. CB POLE
DISCORDANCE
Dedicated Signals for each function for SCADA
(52PD) Dedicated Signals for Fault Recorder (FR)
ii. UNDER-VOLTAGE Separate indication on relay for each protection
(27UV) FOR LINE function.
OR CABLE
Device teleprotection signals channel to intertrip
INTERLOCKING
remote end.
Unless specified to provide dedicated busbar
tripping circuit with discriminating busbar tripping
for 50 CBF stage 2. The busbar tripping circuit can
be hardware looping each relay panel or
implement GOOSE IEC61850 through star
topology.
Table 13(b): Back-up Protection Functions
4.3 PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE
For the protection related function, the operating characteristics/principles shall be comply to
requirement as summarized in Table 13(c):
a) PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION: DISTANCE PROTECTION (21ZBU)

Sub Function
Operating Auto-reclose cycle starts or initiates by main
AUTO-RECLOSE Characteristics Or protection(s)
General Principle
Attributes Or Initiation by main protection trip (internal and
Features external initiations)

Control Selections (ON/OFF)
Closing mode selections
 Delayed 3 Pole Auto-reclose
 High Speed 1 Pole Auto-reclose
 Delayed 3 Pole or High Speed 1 Pole Auto-
reclose (1 + 3)
Settable independent Dead Time and Reclaim Time
timers
Evolving fault logic
Single Closing Shot auto-reclose attempt
Reclosing pulse
Reclosing permit signal
 CB condition
 Synchronism and Voltage Checks (internal or
external)
Block Auto-reclose (internal or external initiation)
Auto-reclose Unsuccessful – indication and trip

initiation to control device/lockout master trip relay.
2-breakers controller (1½ breaker busbar system or

2 breakers busbar systems) with priority closing
scheme
b) PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION: SYNCHRONISM AND VOLTAGE CHECK (FOR
AUTO-RECLOSING) 25SYN
Sub Function
Operating Comparison on busbar and feeder voltage
SYNCHRONISM CHECK Characteristics Or parameters
General Principle
Attributes Or Synch fail output contact
Features Settable voltage check conditions
 Voltage difference
 Phase angle difference
 Frequency difference
Operating Measurement on busbar and feeder voltage
VOLTAGE CHECK Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or
Voltage check fail output contact
Features
Settable voltage check conditions
 Dead line-live bus (DLLB)
 Live line-dead bus (LLDB)
 Dead line – dead bus (DLDB)
c) PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION: LOCKOUT MASTER TRIP (86E)
Sub Function
Operating Instantaneous pickup
Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Latched heavy duty trip signal (Binary Output) with
Features binary reset input
Bay closing interlock using high current rating
Normally Close NC contact

d) PROTECTION RELATED FUNCTION: FAULT RECORDER (FR)
Sub Function
Operating Automatic triggering by digital or analogue signals
Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Slow sampling rate at below 1000 Hz
Features Oscillographic slow and fast sampling recording
and event
Up to 4 seconds recording time
Information (Pre, Fault and Post Fault)
COMTRADE file format based on IEC 60255-24
Table 13(c): Protection Related Functions
4.4 CONTROL FUNCTION AND GENERAL OPERATING PRINCIPLE
For the control function, the operating characteristics/principles shall be comply to requirement as
summarized in Table 13(d):
a) CONTROL FUNCTION: SYNCHRONISM AND VOLTAGE CHECK (25SYN) - FOR

MANUAL CLOSING
Sub Function
Operating Comparison on busbar and feeder voltage
SYNCHRONISM CHECK Characteristics Or parameters
General Principle
Attributes Or Synch fail output contact
 Voltage difference
 Phase angle difference
 Frequency difference
Operating Measurement on busbar and feeder voltage
VOLTAGE CHECK Characteristics Or
General Principle
Attributes Or Voltage check fail output contact
 Dead line-live bus (DLLB)
 Live line-dead bus (LLDB)
 Dead line – dead bus (DLDB)
b) CONTROL FUNCTION: TRANSFORMER AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR (AVR)

Sub Function
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE Characteristics Or
REGULATOR General Principle
Attributes Or Transformer Voltage Set Point Reference
Features Adjustable Voltage Bandwidth
Raise or Lower Transformer Tap Control Command
Adjustable Time Delay (Raise and Lower Direction)
Load Drop Compensator
Transformer tap indicator
System voltage indicator
Attributes Or Under Voltage Detection to Block Tap Change
BLOCKING FACILITY Features Tap Runaway Prevention or Blocking
Automatic Restoration Control

Attributes Or Adjustable voltage reference set point by pulses
REMOTE VOLTAGE Features initiated from Network Control Centre (NCC) by
REFERENCE SET comparing relay voltage settings and the bus
POINT voltage reference
Attributes Or Minimum Circulating Current Operation Principle
TRANSFORMER Features Master-Follower Operation Principle
PARALLELING
c) CONTROL FUNCTION: CAPACITOR POINT ON WAVE (POW)

Sub Function
Attributes Or Adaptive drifted circuit breaker compensation
Features Switch synch error output
d) CONTROL FUNCTION: INTERLOCKING
Sub Function
Operating Two methods of implementations
BAY INTERLOCK Characteristics Or  Software logic for computerized Substation
General Principle Control System
 Hardwire connection for conventional
substation control
Attributes Or Disconnector closing interlock
Features Earthing Switch closing interlock
Circuit Breaker closing interlock
Multiply contact may allow only by using Bistable
relay
Operating Two methods of implementations
STATION-WIDE Characteristics Or  Software logic for computerized Substation
INTERLOCK General Principle Control System
 Hardwire connection for conventional
substation control
Attributes Or Live transfer interlock
Features Bus-tie trip-block during live transfer.
Operating Line voltage measurement
UNDERVOLTAGE Characteristics Or Busbar voltage measurement (applicable for GIS)
INTERLOCK General Principle
Attributes Or Line Earthing switch closing interlock
Features Busbar Earthing switch closing interlock
e) CONTROL FUNCTION: BUSBAR VOLTAGE SELECTION SCHEME

Sub Function
Operating Priority feeder voltage distribution principle (for
Characteristics Or substation without busbar VT implementation)
General Principle Selected busbar voltage principle (for substation
with busbar VT implementation)
Attributes Or Priority voltage selection check with Busbar
Features Disconnector positions
Application for Synchronism Check and Voltage
Check functions
Block Synchronism and alarm when Busbar Voltage
failed or Busbar VT disconnector open position.
Table 13(d): Control Function General Operating Principle

4.5 MONITORING FUNCTION WITH GENERAL FEATURES
For the monitoring function, the operating characteristics/principles shall be comply to requirement
as summarized in Table 14:
a) MONITORING FUNCTION: SWITCHGEAR STATUS AND MIMIC

Sub Function
Attributes Or
Display of Mimic, Switchgear Status Indication and
Features
Mimic, Bay IED Operations and Status,
Measurements
b) MONITORING FUNCTION: SWITCHGEAR MANUAL CLOSE AND OPEN CONTROL
OPERATION
Sub Function
Attributes Or Control of Circuit Breaker
Features Control of Isolator or Disconnector
Control of Earthing Switch
Control Mode Selection (Local/Remote/OFF)
Select-Before-Execute Control Command Procedure
c) MONITORING FUNCTION: ALARM ANNUNCIATOR

Sub Function
Attributes Or Provide with Acknowledge, reset and Lamp test
BAY ALARM Features button
d) MONITORING FUNCTION: DEVICE SELF SUPERVISION AND MONITORING
Sub Function
Attributes Or Local and remote alarm
Features
e) MONITORING FUNCTION: CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION (TCS)

Sub Function
Operating Independence relay or integrated with Breaker
TCS Characteristics or Management relay
General Principle
Attributes Or Local and remote alarm
Features Supervise trip circuit during CB open or close
position.
f) MONITORING FUNCTION: CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COUNTER

Sub Function
Operating Initiation by protection operated
AUTO TRIP COUNTER Characteristics or
General Principle
Attributes Or Initiated by protection tripping
Features
Operating Initiation by manual circuit breaker opening
MANUAL TRIP Characteristics or
COUNTER General Principle
Attributes Or Initiated by manual circuit breaker open
Features (Remote /Supervisory)

g) MONITORING FUNCTION: DC SYSTEM (CHARGER AND BATTERY) MONITORING
Sub Function
Operating Level detector
ALARM FUNCTION Characteristics or
General Principle
Attributes Or
Local and remote alarm
Features Low Voltage
 High Voltage
 DC Earth Fault
 Charger Fail
 Battery Electrolyte Low Level
 Charger AC supply failed
h) MONITORING FUNCTION: STATION LVAC MONITORING
Sub Function
Operating Low voltage detector
ALARM FUNCTION Characteristics or
General Principle
Attributes Or Station supply failed
Features Local and remote alarm
Table 14: Monitoring Features
5.0 PROTECTION SCHEMES
5.1 OVERHEAD LINE PROTECTION SCHEMES.
The overhead lines shall be protected by protection function as specified in table 15(a):
VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTION BASIC REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL FUNCTIONS CODE
Operating principle using current differential relays
275KV Duplicated 87L from different manufacturers
AND Main Unit Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
ABOVE Protection isolation facilities
Direct tripping to trip coils (R, Y and B phases)
Trip initiation to master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2)
Start Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) initiation
Start Autoreclose (79AR) initiation
Block Autoreclose for 3 phs fault
Operate auto trip counter
Alarm for annunciator windows
Signals for SCADA
Signals for Fault Recorder (FR)
Transfer trip send inititation to remote end
Prepare 3 pole or single pole trip from Autoreclose
(79AR) operation or switch selection to delay
A/reclose, A/Reclose Off or A/Reclose faiure.
Device telecommunication data interface
• The relay shall be use IEC 62843 standard nx64kps
(IEEE Std C37.94) protocol with direct optical fibre
interface between line current diferential protection
and telecommunicatio multiplexer equipment.

• As option, 64kbps co-directional teleprotection data
channel complying with ITUTG.703
recommendations shall be provided where
applicable to match existing remote end line
current differential protection. In this case, a
required for interfacing between the relay and the
PCM Telecommunication Equipment. The G.703
converter shall be installed on the relay panel
closest to the protection relay.
• Direct optical fibre may be special applications such
as bulk supply to consumers with short line.
Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Backup 21Z isolation facilities
Distance Trip initiation to master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2)
Protection Start Breaker Failure Protection (50BF)
Block Autoreclose (79AR)
Signals for SCADA
Block Distance Protection (21Z) input from VT MCB
trip signal or internal VT fail logic
Fault recorder external triggering signal input
Manual/auto close signal input for SOTF function
works independently without any blocking or release
signal from Main Protection function
Operating time for all zones are settable with
independent time delay(s).
Circuit breaker status auxiliary contact signal input.
Feature for Directional Overcurrent if Distance
secheme not applicable to set due to line distance too
short line.
May allow to integrate with Back-up Distance
Backup 49OL Protection
Thermal Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Overload isolation facilities
Protection Alarm for annunciator windows (Alarm signal only, no
tripping initiation by Thermal Overload Protection
(49OL)
Signals for SCADA
Backup Device teleprotection signals channel
Breaker 50BF Signal for fault recorder
Failure Trip Isolation Link from intertrip to remote end and
Protection busbar tripping.
132KV Main Unit 87L Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Protection isolation facilities
Trip initiation to master trip relay (86E)
Start Autoreclose (79AR) initiation

Block Autoreclose for 3 phs fault
Signals for SCADA
Fault recording or fault locator
Telecommunication data interface via SDH/PDH PCM
Multiplexer
Direct optical fibre may be used for special
applications such as bulk supply to consumers
Distance Trip initiation to master trip relay (86E)
Protection Block Autoreclose (79AR)
Signal for SCADA
Signal for Fault Recorder (FR)
trip signal
Breaker 50BF
Signal for fault recorder
Failure
Protection

132KV Main Unit 87L Device telecommunication data interface
(GIS) Protection • The relay shall be use IEC 62843 standard nx64kps
(IEEE Std C37.94) protocol with direct optical fibre
interface between line current diferential protection
and telecommunicatio multiplexer equipment.
• As option, 64kbps co-directional teleprotection data
channel complying with ITUTG.703
recommendations shall be provided where
applicable to match existing remote end line
current differential protection. In this case, a
required for interfacing between the relay and the
PCM Telecommunication Equipment. The G.703
converter shall be installed on the relay panel
closest to the protection relay.
 Direct optical fibre may be used for special
applications such as bulk supply to consumers with
shorter line.

Block Autoreclose (79AR)
Signals for SCADA
trip signal or internal VT fail logic.
Circuit breaker status auxiliary contact signal input
Breaker 50BF Signal for fault recorder (FR)
Failure
Protection
Table 15(a): Protection Schemes for Overhead line.
For 275 kV and above, Main Unit protection 87L may allow to integrated with back-up function 21Z
and backup thermal Overload protection 49OL in one IED Main 1 protection. For redundancy, Main 2
protection shall be similar feature as Main 1 protection but with different relay type and measuring
principle.
In general, the overhead lines shall be equipped with protection related functions as specified Table
15(b):
VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL RELATED CODE
FUNCTIONS
Preferably 79AR and 25SYN should be in the same
275KV Auto Reclose 79AR relay
AND Relay test block with test and isolation facilities
ABOVE Single shot, fast single pole and delayed three pole auto
reclose
Autoreclose ON/OFF selection input
Autoreclose 1 Pole/3 Pole selection input
Autoreclose closing command to closing coils
Autoreclose unsuccessful command to master trip
relays (86E/1 and 86E/2)
Prepare 3 pole or single pole trip for evolving fault to
main protection (87L)
Signals for SCADA
Circuit breaker status auxiliary contact signal inputs
Autoreclose initiation (phase segregated) inputs from
main protection (87L/1 and 87L/2)
Autoreclose external block input
Autoreclose synchronising block input
Autoreclose priority signal (permissive command upon
autoreclose successful) output for 1½CB substation
configuration

Preferably 79AR and 25SYN shall be in the same relay
Synchronising 25SYN Both 79AR and 25SYN functions may be integrated in
(Synchronism the main protection relays
and Voltage
Relay test block with secondary injection test and
Check)
isolation facilities
In synchronism output to autoreclose (79AR)
Signals for SCADA
Unless specified CB Management with function of

CB 50CBM 79AR, 25SYN and 50CBF integrated in same relay.
Management Sharing current and voltage input from CT and VT from
backup protection is acceptable if dedicated CT and VT
not available.
Preferably 27UV Line/Cable earthing interlocking
scheme also been integrated in same relay.
Dedicated indication and signals for each function for
relay IED, SCADA, Fault Recorder and annunciator
window.
remote end.
Dedicated busbar tripping circuit with discriminating
busbar tripping for 50 CBF stage 2, unless otherwise
specify.
Preferably CB low SF6 stage 1 & stage 2 tripping and
52 PD – (CB Pole discordance) function provided.

132KV Autoreclose 79AR relay
Relay test block with test and isolation facilities
Single shot, delayed three pole auto-reclose
Autoreclose ON/OFF selection input
Autoreclose closing command to closing coils
Autoreclose unsuccessful command to master trip relay
(86E)
Signals for SCADA
Circuit breaker status auxiliary contact signal inputs
Autoreclose initiation input from main protection (87L)
Autoreclose external block input
Autoreclose synchronising block input

Synchronising 25SYN relay
(Synchronism Relay test block with secondary injection test and
and Voltage
isolation facilities
Check)
In synchronism output to autoreclose (79AR)
Signals for SCADA
Unless specified CB Management with function of

CB 50CBM 79AR, 25SYN and 50CBF integrated in same relay.
Management Sharing current and voltage input from CT and VT from
not available.


window.
remote end.
specify,
Preferably CB low SF6 stage 1 & stage 2 tripping.
Table 15(b): Protection Related Function for Overhead line.
5.2 UNDERGROUND CABLE PROTECTION SCHEMES.
The underground cable shall be protected by protection function as specified shown in Table 16(a):
Voltage Protection Function Basic Requirements

Level Functions Code
Operating principle using current differential relays from
275KV Duplicated 87L different manufacturers
Main Unit Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Trip initiation to master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2)
Signals for SCADA

• Direct optical fibre with multimode 1330 nm shall be
between two relays.
 Unless specify, the relay shall be use IEC 62843
standard nx64kps (IEEE Std C37.94) protocol with
direct optical fibre interface between line current
diferential protection and telecommunicatio
multiplexer equipment.

Backup isolation facilities
Distance Trip initiation to master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2)
Signals for SCADA
Block Distance Protection (21Z) input from VT MCB trip
signal

All distance Zones (including Zone 1) are able to works
independently without any blocking or release signal
from Main Protection function

Backup 49OL isolation facilities
Thermal Alarm for annunciator windows (Alarm signal only, no
Overload tripping initiation by Thermal Overload Protection (49OL)
Protection Signals for SCADA
Backup Breaker Device teleprotection signals channel
Failure 50BF Signal for fault recorder (FR)
Protection
132KV Main Unit 87L Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Signals for SCADA
Fault recording or fault locator
Telecommunication data interface via direct optical
fibre connection. Telecommunication data interface via
SDH/PDH PCM Multiplexer may allow for special
consideration such as limited of fiber optic pair or
channel.
Backup 21Z Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Distance isolation facilities
Protection Trip initiation to master trip relay (86E)
Signal for SCADA
signal

May allow to integrate with Back-up Distance Protection
Backup Thermal 49OL Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Overload isolation facilities
Protection Alarm for annunciator windows (Alarm signal only and
tripping initiation by Thermal Overload Protection (49OL)
Signals for SCADA
Failure 50BF Signal for fault recorder
Protection
132KV Main Unit 87L isolation facilities
(GIS) Protection Operating principle using current differential relays
Initiate release of Distance Protection (21Z) zone 1
Signals for SCADA
Telecommunication data interface via direct optical fibre
connection. Telecommunication data interface via
SDH/PDH PCM Multiplexer may allow for special
consideration such as limited of fiber optic pair or
channel.
Signals for SCADA
signal
May allow to integrate with Back-up Distance Protection
Backup 49OL Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip
Thermal isolation facilities
Overload Alarm for annunciator windows (Alarm signal only and
Protection tripping initiation by Thermal Overload Protection (49OL)
Signals for SCADA

Failure 50BF
Protection
Table 16(a): Underground Cable Protection Schemes
For 275kV and above, Main Unit protection 87L may allow to integrated with back-up function 21Z
and backup thermal Overload protection 49OL in one IED Main 1 protection. For redundancy, Main 2
protection shall be similar feature as Main 1 protection but with different relay type and measuring
principle as show in figure 2.
In general, the underground cable bay shall be equipped with protection related functions as
specified Table 16(b):
VOLTAGE PROTECTION FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL RELATED CODE
FUNCTIONS
275 kV Unless specified CB Management with function of
and CB 50CBM 50CBF integrated in same relay.
132 kV Management Sharing current and voltage input from CT and VT from
not available.
window.
remote end.
specify.
Preferably CB low SF6 stage 1 & stage 2 tripping and
52 PD – (CB Pole discordance) function provided.
Preferably CB low SF6 stage 1 & stage 2 tripping.
Table 16(b): Protection Related Function for Underground cable.

Main 1- Integrated Protection
87L/1 21Z/1 49OL/1

Current Differential Backup Distance
Overload Protection
Protection Protection
Main 2- Integrated Protection
87L/2 21Z/2 49OL/2

Current Differential Backup Distance
Overload Protection
Protection Protection
-F50CBM -F87LIBB/2 -FR

CB Management Main 2 Low
+F50CBF +F25SYN Impedance Fault Recorder
+F79AR BusbarProtection
Instrumentation/
Bay Control Unit
-F87MBB1/2
Main 1 High Impedance
Busbar Protection
Discrimination Zone
-F87CBB
Main 1 High Impedance
Busbar Protection
Check Zone
Figure 2: Typical Integrated Protection
5.3 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES
The transformer shall be adequately protected to minimise

 Isolation time of the transformer under internal electrical and mechanical faults, and
 Risks of consequential damages to transformer and all associated equipments due to external
faults and adverse operating conditions including over-fluxing (overexcitation) and
overloading.

All other interconnecting equipment, e.g. power cable to reactor etc, to the transformer shall be
protected by their relevant protection system.
For Power transformer, all protection relays shall be located at HV side relay panel except incomer LV
Overcurrent & Earth Fault Protection. Only one MTR relay require for power transformer.
All mechanical protection shall pick-up Master trip relay to trip the Circuit breaker.
The Super Grid Transformer shall be protected by protection function as specified shown in Table
17(a) & 16(b):
TYPE PROTECTION PROTECTION DEVICE

FUNCTIONS
Main 1 unit protection Numerical Biased Differential Protection
500/275KV (87T/1)
Autotransformer Main 2 unit protection High Impedance Differential Protection
(Electrical) (87T/2)
Main protection, Tertiary Numerical Biased Differential Protection or
side (87T/TV) High Impedance Differential Protection for
Tertiary Winding
Main protection, HV side Over-fluxing Protection (over-excitation,
(24OF) V/Hz)
Backup protection, HV Numerical Distance Protection
side (21Z)
Backup protection, HV Breaker Failure Protection for Bus Side CB
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2) (One and Half CB)
Backup protection, HV Breaker Failure Protection for Centre CB
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2) (One and Half CB)
Backup protection, LV Numerical Distance Protection
side (21Z)
Backup protection, LV Breaker Failure Protection
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2)
Backup protection, Numerical Overcurrent Protection
Tertiary winding (Instantaneous and IDMT)
(50/51OC)
Backup Protection 3-phase overcurrent and earthfault protection
(Tertiary TV winding) for delta winding (in tertiary winding) of auto-
50/51OC/TV (delta transformer
connected)
Backup Earth Fault Earth fault protection at autotransformer
Protection (50/51EF) common neutral point (subject to neutral CT
available)
Transformer Guard Oil Temperature – Alarm and Trip
500/275KV (26OT)
Autotransformer Transformer Guard HV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(Mechanical) (26WT/HV)
Transformer Guard LV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(26WT/LV)
Transformer Guard TV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(26WT/TV)
Transformer Guard (63B) Main Tank Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
Transformer Guard Tap Changer Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
((63TCB)
Transformer Guard Pressure Relief Device – Alarm
(63PRD)

FUNCTIONS
Transformer Guard Oil Level Low – Alarm
(71OLL)
Main protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection
500/275KV (64REF/TV)
Autotransformer Backup Standby Earth Fault Protection
(Tertiary protection(64SBEF/TV)
Earthing Transformer Guard ((63B) Main Tank Buchholz - Alarm and Trip
Transformer)
Transformer Guard Pressure Relief Device- Alarm
Cable Connected
(63PRD)
Table 17(a): Protection functions for 500/275kV Autotransformers
Type Protection Protection Device

Functions
Main 1 unit protection Numerical Biased Differential Protection
275/132KV (87T/1)
Autotransformer Main 2 unit protection High Impedance Differential Protection
(Electrical) (87T/2)
Main protection, HV side Over-fluxing Protection (over-excitation,
(24OF) V/Hz)
Backup protection, HV Numerical Distance Protection

side (21Z)
Backup protection, HV Breaker Failure Protection for Feeder/Bus
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2) Side CB
Backup protection, HV Breaker Failure Protection for Centre CB (For
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2) One and Half CB Only)
Backup protection, LV Numerical Distance Protection
side (21Z)
Backup protection, LV Breaker Failure Protection
side (50BF/1 and 50BF/2)
Backup protection, Numerical Overcurrent Protection
Tertiary winding (Instantaneous and IDMT)
(50/51OC)
Transformer Guard Oil Temperature – Alarm and Trip
275/132KV (26OT)
Autotransformer Transformer Guard HV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(Mechanical) (26WT/HV)
Transformer Guard LV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(26WT/LV)
Transformer Guard TV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
(26WT/TV)
Transformer Guard (63B) Main Tank Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
Transformer Guard Tap Changer Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
((63TCB)
Transformer Guard Pressure Relief Device – Alarm
(63PRD)
Transformer Guard Oil Level Low – Alarm
(71OLL)

275/132KV Main protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection
Autotransformer (64REF/TV)
(Tertiary Backup Standby Earth Fault Protection
Earthing protection(64SBEF/TV)
Transformer) Transformer Guard ((63B) Main Tank Buchholz - Alarm and Trip
Cable Connected
Transformer Guard Pressure Relief Device- Alarm
(63PRD)
Table 17(b): Protection functions for 275/132kV Autotransformers
The power transformer shall be protected by protection function as shown in table 17(c) below:

FUNCTIONS
Main unit protection (87T) Numerical Biased Differential Protection
132/33 kV Main protection (64REF/HV) Restricted Earth Fault Protection
132/22 kV Main protection (64REF/LV) Restricted Earth Fault Protection
132/11 kV
Power Backup protection Standby Earth Fault Protection
Transformer (64SBEF/LV)
(Electrical) Backup protection, HV side Numerical Overcurrent Protection
(50/51OC) (Instantaneous and IDMT)
Backup protection, LV side Numerical Overcurrent and Earth Fault
(50/51OCEF) Protection (Instantaneous and IDMT)
Transformer Guard (26OT) Oil Temperature – Alarm and Trip
132/33 kV Transformer Guard HV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
132/22 kV (26WT/HV)
132/11 kV Transformer Guard LV Winding Temperature – Alarm and Trip
Power (26WT/LV)
Transformer Transformer Guard (63B) Main Tank Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
(Mechanical) Transformer Guard ((63TCB) Tap Changer Buchholz – Alarm and Trip
Transformer Guard (63PRD) Pressure Relief Device – Alarm
Transformer Guard (71OLL) Conservator Oil Level Low – Alarm
Earthing Backup protection(64SBEF) Standby Earth Fault Protection
Transformer
(Electrical)
Earthing Transformer Guard (63B) Main Tank Buchholz – Alarm
Transformer Transformer Guard (63PRD) Pressure Relief Device – Alarm
(Mechanical)
Local Backup protection, Numerical Overcurrent and Earth Fault
Transformer (50/51OCEF) Protection (Instantaneous and IDMT)
Table 17(c): Protection functions for 132/33/11kV Power Transformer
The bias differential protection shall be configured and terminate as 2 winding application if the
tertiary winding transformer was not loaded or connected to load which not more than 10% of
transformer rating. CT for tertiary winding shall be shorted at transformer local control panel.

5.4 BUS COUPLER AND BUS SECTION PROTECTION
Bus section and bus coupler shall be equipped to perform bus separation backup function to avoid a
double circuit loss caused by coincident operations of distance protections on both feeders. The bus
separation shall be dedicated backup distance for each busbar section, which is distinguished by bus
coupler and/or bus section as specified in the Schedule of Requirements.
The bus section and bus coupler protection shall comply with the requirement in Table 18.
REQUIREMENT AND FEATURE

a) Protection devices i- Numerical type
ii- There are three types of busbar configuration. Bus coupler and bus
section protection devices are specified as follows:
iii- Double busbar with 1 bus coupler
 Distance protection (Main busbar)
 Distance protection (Reserve busbar)
iv- Double busbar with 1 bus coupler and 1 bus section
 Distance protection (Main busbar 1)
 Distance protection (Reserve busbar)
v- Double busbar with 2 bus coupler and 2 bus section
 Distance protection (Reserve busbar 1)
 Distance protection (Reserve busbar 2)
b) Required function Distance relay shall be equipped with same function as the backup distance
protection for line feeder mentioned in clause 4.3(a) table 13(b)
c) CT wiring For busbar configuration with bus coupler and bus section circuit breakers,
analogue inputs from bus coupler CT and bus section CT shall be
independently fed into the bus separation protection and the current data shall
be summed outside the relay .
d) Time delay The operating time of the bus separation protection shall be selected by
means of the timer. The timer setting shall be coordinated with the second
zone of distance protections for transmission line and transformer.
e) Trip contact The trip contact shall be arranged to operate both lockout mater tripping
arrangement relay 1 and relay 2 of bus coupler and/or bus section which are connected
to the busbar covered by the operated bus coupler and bus section
protection.
Table 18: Bus Seperation Scheme for Bus Coupler & Bus Section
5.5 BUSBAR PROTECTION SCHEMES
The busbars shall be adequately protected and the busbar protection shall be sensitive, stable,
selective, secure and highly reliable. The busbar protection zone of protection shall be provided for
each busbar section in any substation busbar configuration system.
The basic requirements of the busbar protection are as follows:
i- The busbar protection shall be completely reliable and shall operate in any fault condition. The
busbar protection shall be capable of detecting all fault types including three-phase fault, phase-
to-phase faults and phase-to-earth faults, under all power system operating conditions.

ii- The busbar protection shall be absolutely stable under all through fault or external fault
conditions, including maximum through fault currents, to ensure unnecessary widespread
interruption of power system supply.
iii- The busbar protection shall be capable of complete discrimination between sections of busbars
to ensure a minimum number of circuit breakers is tripped to isolate the fault. Full discriminative
clearance of busbar faults on any section of the busbar shall be assured without introducing
sequential tripping of bus coupler or bus section circuit breakers. All circuit breakers connected to
the faulty busbar shall be tripped simultaneously, regardless of whether they feed fault current or
not.
iv- The busbar protection shall operate at high speed for internal fault to minimize damage and
maintain system stability. The operating time of the busbar protection relays shall not exceed
40msecs and shall be as short as possible consistent with reliable and secure operation.
v- The busbar protection scheme shall be as below: -
Voltage Level Functional Scheme

132kV Main Low Impedance Busbar Protection
275kV & 500kV Option 1
Main 1 High Impedance Busbar Protection
Main 2 Low Impedance Busbar Protection
Option 2
Duplicated Main Low Impedance Busbar Protection
The functional requirements for each protection function and sub-function should be referred to
Clause 4.1.
5.5.1 LOW IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION
The Low Impedance busbar protection technical requirement shall be specified as shown in Table
19(a):
VOLTAGE PROTECTION SCHEME REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL FUNCTION
The Low impedance busbar protection shall be able to provide not
132KV Main Low less than 4 discrimatinating busbar zone.
Impedance Operating principle using current differential relays.
Busbar Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip isolation links
Protection for each feeder.
(87LIBB) Busbar Protection In/Out of Service selection
The tripping circuit for each Busbar Protection shall be separated
from other protection trip circuits.
Low Impedance busbar protection schemes shall provide an
adequate number of dedicated tripping relays for each circuit
breaker.
Busbar Protection shall use dedicated current transformer installed
at each bay.
Direct tripping to trip coils (3 phase trip)
Trip initiation to 1 master trip relay (86E)
Start 3 phase Breaker Failure (50BF)
Operate auto trip counter for each feeder
Signals to SCADA
Signals to Annunciation

Alarm initiation for busbar disconnector un-define status
Low Impedance busbar protection remain last status during busbar
disconnector or CB status failed or undefine status.
Transfer trip send initiation to remote end for End Fault protection
(where required)
External initiation for specific busbar zone tripping facilities from
external breaker failure stage 2 tripping. The tripping busbar
initiation shall be wire up by apply contact for stage 1 CBF at
positive circuit and stage 2 at negative circuit.
External busbar zone tripping shall be checked with the feeder’s
disconnector position to verify its connected busbar zone.
Trip Isolation link for each tripping command
Information of Busbar disconnector position for busbar protection
relay shall employ 1 Normally Open(89A) and 1 Normally Closed
(89B) auxiliary contact from each disconnector.
Information of Circuit Breaker position where necessary for busbar
protection relay shall employ 1 Normally Open (52A) and 1 Normally
Closed (52B) circuit breaker auxiliary contact.
Circuit Breaker Closing signal shall be connected to the relay for End
Fault Protection function where required.
Selections of Low Impedance Busbar Protection relay architecture
whether centralized or distributed.
275kV Main2 Low The Low impedance busbar protection shall be able to provide not
and Impedance less than 4 discrimatinating busbar zone.
above Busbar Operating principle using current differential relays.
Protection Duplicated low impedance busbar protection relays shall be from
different manufacturers.
Relay test block with secondary injection test and trip isolation links
for each feeder.
The tripping circuit for each Busbar Protection shall be separated
from other protection trip circuits.
Low Impedance busbar protection schemes shall provide an
adequate number of dedicated tripping relays for each circuit
breaker.
Busbar Protection In/Out of Service selection
Main 1 and Main 2 Busbar Protection shall use dedicated current
transformer installed at each bay if using option 2.
Direct tripping to trip coils (R,Y and B phases)
Low Impedance busbar protection remain last status during busbar
disconnector or CB status failed or undefine status.
Main 1 shall initiate Trip Coil 1 and master trip relay 1
Main 2 shall initiate Trip Coil 2 and master trip relay 2
Start 3 phase Breaker Failure (50BF)
Operate auto trip counter for each feeder
Signals to SCADA
Alarm initiation for busbar disconnector undefine status
Signals to Annunciation
Transfer trip send initiation to remote end for End Fault protection
(where required)
External initiation for specific busbar zone tripping facilities from
external breaker failure stage 2 tripping. The tripping busbar
initiation shall be wire up by apply contact for stage 1 CBF at
positive circuit and stage 2 at negative circuit.

External busbar zone tripping shall be checked with the feeder’s
disconnector position to verify its connected busbar zone within the
relay.
Information of Busbar disconnector position for busbar protection
relay shall employ 1 Normally Open(89A) and 1 Normally Closed
(89B) auxiliary contact from each disconnector.
Trip Isolation link for each tripping command
Information of Circuit Breaker position where necessary for busbar
protection relay shall employ 1 Normally Open (52A) and 1 Normally
Closed (52B) circuit breaker auxiliary contact.
Circuit Breaker Closing signal shall be connected to the relay for End
Fault Protection function where required.
Table 19(a): Low Impedance Busbar protection Requirement
5.5.2 HIGH IMPEDANCE BUSBAR PROTECTION
Extension of existing busbar protection or where specified using High Impedance differential for
busbar protection, specific requirements for the scheme as tabulated in table 19(b) shall be satisfied.
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT
1) General Requirement a) Two independent systems shall be provided for each busbar fed from
separate CT's, one designated as the discriminating system and one
designated as the check system. Each system shall be capable of
detecting all types of faults under all system operating conditions.
(b) Each check and discriminating zone shall each comprise relay where
coincident operation of one discriminating and one check relay initiates
tripping of the appropriate busbar zone.
(c) For multiple busbar configurations, each busbar section shall be fully
protected with an independent zone of protection. The current
transformers shall be installed such that the zones of protection overlap,
i.e. no blind zones. Timer relays shall not be used to cover the blind
zone.
(d) Suitable voltage limiting devices or Metrosils shall be provided as
necessary to limit voltage across relay and current transformer secondary
wiring during internal fault conditions.
(e) CT circuit and circuit burden for total looping resistor shall be
measured and calibration of stabilizing resistor shall be perform to
ensure the optimize voltage stabilizing was set accordingly prior to any
extension bay or CT replacement at any of bay. Additional stabilizing
resistor shall be provided under this contract if existing resistor not
sufficient for the calibration.
2) CT Circuit a) Unless otherwise specified associated current transformers shall be Class
PX, with magnetizing current of not more than 10mA at 600V. Split core
type current transformers will not be accepted.
b) The current transformers shall be dedicated for each discriminating and
check zone.
c) Current transformer circuit wiring from each substation individual bay
marshalling kiosk shall be brought right up to a dedicated busbar
protection marshalling kiosk located at the substation switchyard first
before entering the busbar protection panels. The dedicated busbar
protection marshalling kiosk shall be arranged to minimize the current
transformer circuit burden.
d) The secondary current transformer circuit for each busbar section shall
be earthed at only one point at the dedicated busbar protection
marshalling kiosk.

e)
Automatic and continuous supervision of current transformer circuits shall
be provided to give an alarm when the out-of-balance current reaches an
undesirable value.
f) Operation of current transformer supervision equipment should take the
defective protection zone out-of-service by short-circuiting current
transformer bus wiring. CT shorting relays shall be hand reset latching
devices with contacts capable of carrying for one second a secondary
current equivalent to the maximum fault current and a voltage capability
across open contacts of 0.3kV peak.
3) Tripping scheme a) Two dedicated dc supplies shall be provided for each busbar tripping
systems.
b) One set of the check and discriminating systems shall be associated with
high impedance busbar protection tripping system. Contacts on the
appropriate check and discriminating zone high impedance relays for the
first busbar tripping system shall be connected in a "two-out-of-two"
basis. The check zone relay operating contact is preferably to be
positioned at the dc negative terminal with suitable shunt resistor across
the contact to prevent contact corrosion problem.
c) Group trip isolation link shall be provided for each substation bay at
busbar protection panel. The trip link shall be properly labeled to
indicate the bay circuit name.
d) The busbar protection main trip relay shall be insensitive to dc earth
fault capacitive discharges.
e) Each busbar protection main trip relay shall be arranged to trip directly
both trip coils of circuit breaker connected to the faulted busbar and
simultaneously operate the relevant bay lockout relays and initiate CB
Failure protection.
4) Auxiliary Contact a) For double busbar system configuration, auxiliary contacts on busbar
selector isolators shall be used for each switching current transformer
secondary circuit and dc tripping circuit.
b) Busbar disconnector position for busbar protection current circuit shall
employ duplicate 2 Normally Open (89A) auxiliary contact from each
disconnector switch. This contact shall be of the ‘Early Make, Late Break’
variant. The CT for busbar protection shall be shorted by 1 Normally Close
(89B) when both busbar disconnector in open position.
Table 19(b): High Impedance Busbar Protection Technical Requirement
5.5.3 ARC PROTECTION
Arc protection system with using master-slave scheme shall be adopted in the 33kV, 22kV and 11kV
AC metal enclosed switchgear and its associated HV connection. Arc protection system shall be install
at a dedicated Arc Protection panel located at substation control or relay room.
The system is intended to be used for installation on selected 33kV and 11kV air insulated metal clad
busbar that are of critical operation. The system shall comply with the relevant parts of the IEC
60255 standards especially for it measuring unit (Relays) and sensors. All arc protection system shall
be successfully undergo and pass product acceptance testing processes and listed in the latest TNB
Accepted Relay List
The system shall provide a protection to the various switchgear compartments. The compartments
include but shall not be limited to, the following:-
 Busbar compartment.
 Cable termination compartment.
 Breaker truck compartment.
 Other high voltage compartment such as potential transformer etc.

The arc protection system shall consist of where applicable:
 Master/Central Unit with a dedicated or combine CT

 Slave/Selective Unit.
 Light Sensors.
 Modular Cable/Communication Cable
The system shall be immune and shall not be activated by faults outside the designated protected
area, internal relay faults, faulty arc sensor and disturbances in the auxiliary supply or in the current
metering function. The system activation and tripping shall be initiated by Master Unit with a
simultaneous occurrence of arc and developing overcurrent incidence(s). The arc protection system
shall also include a self-supervision function covering all devices, preferably including the arc sensors.
All internal faults shall be indicated on the central unit and alarm contacts shall be activated.
The current measuring input of the arc protection system shall take from Incomer feeder OCEF relay
current transformer or other protection available, except current transformers used for unit
protection. The system shall be capable of operating under harsh substation environment. It shall
also provide for easy installation, configuration, trouble-shooting and maintenance of the system.
The Arc Protection Master/Central unit shall be installed flush mounted on the dedicated arc
protection panel with proper labelling and identification at each incoming unit.
The arc protection system shall have the following features: -
1. Each arc protection system shall be arranged to trip directly to trip coils of relevant circuit
breaker
2. Trip isolation links shall be provided for each trip circuit of arc protection system. The trip
isolation links shall be properly labeled to indicate the circuit breaker nos.
3. The arc protection system shall be equipped with IN and OUT OF SERVICE selector switch
with indication lamp.
4. All internal faults shall be indicated on the central unit and an alarm contact shall be
activated.
5. The Master/Central unit shall be able to share the current or light information with other
Master/Central unit.
6. The arc protection system shall provide circuit breaker failure function to trip the incomer
source if the arc protection systems fail to remove or clear the fault within preset time.
5.6 INTERCONNECTOR PROTECTION SCHEME
The transmission interconnector connected between two busbar system which the length not more
than 500 m within the station shall be adequately and appropriately protected against single phase
and multiphase faults to achieve the basic protection design objectives.
In general, the Interconnector shall be protected as specified;
1. The Interconnector protection employing Differential protection.

2. The Interconnector protection should trip the surrounding local and remote circuit breakers.
3. A dedicated direct tripping via hardwire channels shall be provided for this purpose.
In general, the Interconnector feeder shall be protected as specified in table 20:
VOLTAGE PROTECTION BASIC REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL FUNCTIONS
Duplicated Main Unit  Differential Protection Principal
500KV Protection - Bias Differential (for lead or branch point)
(87I) - High Impedance Differential
- Current Differential (if the length > 500m)
 Direct Tripping to remote end

Backup Distance Blocking of Z1
Protection (21Z)
Backup Breaker Hardwire to trip associated CBs connected in the busbar.

Failure Protection
(50BF)
Duplicated Main Unit  Differential Protection Principal

275KV Protection - Bias Differential (for lead or branch point)
(87I) - High Impedance Differential
Protection (21Z)

Failure Protection
(50BF)
Main Unit Protection  Differential Protection Principal

132KV (87I) - Bias Differential (for lead or branch point)
- High Impedance Differential

Protection
(21Z)

Failure Protection
(50BF)
Main Unit Protection  Differential Protection Principal

132KV (87I) - Bias Differential (for lead or branch point)
(GIS) - High Impedance Differential

Protection
(21Z)
Failure Protection
(50BF)
Table 20: Interconnector Protection Requirement
For Interconnector Protection scheme using High Impedance Principle, all current transformers used
for the Interconnector protection scheme shall have the following;
1. Identical turns ratio
2. Identical class
3. Identical rating / burden

5.7 SHUNT CAPACITOR BANK PROTECTION
Shunt capacitor banks shall be adequately protected so as to prevent or limit any potential risk of
damage to the capacitor bank and other associated equipment due to prolonged undesirable
operating conditions; and shall be effectively controlled to minimise hazardous impact to human
safety and equipment reliability during routine operation and maintenance processes.
In general, the shunt capacitor bank shall be protected as specified in table 21 (a);
VOLTAGE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL FUNCTIONS
Internal capacitor fuse Fusing elements shall be internally fabricated in series
protection with each capacitive elements.
Internal capacitor Discharge resistor shall be internally fabricated to

resistive discharge circuit provide discharge path for trapped charges during de-
energisation period.
132KV
(ungrounded Main neutral current  A minimum of 2 stages of operation shall be
shunt unbalance protection required (alarm and trip), in which the main criteria
double-wye (50UB) shall be related to the voltage appearing across the
bank) remaining healthy capacitor units.
 Dedicated relay unbalance compensation shall be

made available to offset inherent or natural
unbalance of the bank during operation.
 Stage 1 shall be set to alarm only, whilst Stage 2

shall be set to trip the bank, based on thresholds
recommended by capacitor can manufacturers with
respect to withstand capability of their product.
 2-stage inverse time current characteristic which
Main overload protection replicates specific capacitor voltage overload
(49OL) characteristics (IEC 871-1/ANSI 18-1990) shall be
used (alarm and trip stages)
 Harmonics effect shall be considered by relay

internal algorithm/circuitry, with suitable weighing
factors (e.g. root mean square method etc) for
overloading computation so that more onerous
overload condition is obtained.
 It is preferable that both overcurrent and earth-fault

Backup overcurrent and protection are implemented in a single numerical
earth fault protection relay, which is equipped with phase segregated
(50/51OCEF) measurement.
 The relay shall be equipped with selectable IEC

Inverse Definite Mean Time (IDMT) and Definite
Time (DT) characteristics for each stage (a minimum
of 2 stages are required).
 The relay shall be equipped with both IEC Inverse

Backup overvoltage Definite Mean Time (IDMT) and Definite Time (DT)
protection (59OV) characteristics, which shall need to coordinate with
capacitor voltage overload characteristics (IEC 871-
1/ANSI 18-1990).

LEVEL FUNCTIONS
 No alarm stage shall be required and tripping shall
be set such that a sufficient time delay is provided
when prolonged overvoltage condition is detected,
i.e. to ride through transient conditions.
 Definite Time (DT) characteristic is preferred for

Backup undervoltage implementation with time delay such that this
protection (27UV) protection operates prior to line auto-reclose
operation.
 In order to avoid unnecessary operation during

normal out-of-service conditions, a blocking logic is
to included to prevent this protection from tripping.
 2-stage breaker fail protection shall be provided

Backup circuit breaker using Definite Time (DT) characteristic.
failure protection (50BF)
 Stage 1 shall re-trip the capacitor bank circuit
breaker whilst Stage 2 shall trip upstream circuit
breakers, e.g. busbar breakers, if fault condition
persists.
Internal capacitor fuse Fusing elements shall be internally fabricated in series

protection with each capacitive elements.
Internal capacitor Discharge resistor shall be internally fabricated to

resistive discharge circuit provide discharge path for trapped charges during de-
energisation period.
Main 1 biased current The zone of protection coverage shall include capacitor
differential protection grounded neutral, capacitor bank, series reactor,
(87T) capacitive voltage transformer and earth switch.
 Dedicated relay unbalance compensation shall be

Main 2 neutral current made available to offset inherent or natural
unbalance protection unbalance of the bank during operation.
(50UB)
275KV  Stage 1 shall be set to alarm only, whilst Stage 2
(grounded shall be set to trip the bank, based on thresholds
shunt H- recommended by capacitor can manufacturers with
bridge bank) respect to withstand capability of their product.
 2-stage inverse time current characteristic which

Main overload protection replicates specific capacitor voltage overload
(49OL) characteristics (IEC 871-1/ANSI 18-1990) shall be
used (alarm and trip stages)
 Harmonics effect shall be considered by relay

internal algorithm/circuitry, with suitable weighing
factors (e.g. root mean square method etc) for
overloading computation so that more onerous
overload condition is obtained.

LEVEL FUNCTIONS
 It is preferable that both overcurrent and earth-fault
Backup overcurrent protection are implemented in a single numerical
and earth fault relay, which is equipped with phase segregated
protection measurement.
(50/51OCEF)
Time (DT) characteristics for each stage (a minimum
of 2 stages are required)
 2-stage breaker fail protection shall be provided

Backup circuit breaker using Definite Time (DT) characteristic.
failure protection
(50BF)  Stage 1 shall re-trip the capacitor bank circuit
breaker whilst Stage 2 shall trip upstream circuit
breakers, e.g. busbar breakers, if fault condition
persists.
 The relay shall be equipped with both IEC Inverse

Backup overvoltage Definite Mean Time (IDMT) and Definite Time (DT)
protection (59OV) characteristics, which shall need to coordinate with
capacitor voltage overload characteristics (IEC 871-
1/ANSI 18-1990).
 No alarm stage shall be required and tripping shall

be set such that a sufficient time delay is provided
when prolonged overvoltage condition is detected,
i.e. to ride through transient conditions.
 Definite Time (DT) characteristic is preferred for

Backup undervoltage implementation with time delay such that this
protection (27UV) protection operates prior to line auto-reclose
operation.
 In order to avoid unnecessary operation during

normal out-of-service conditions, a blocking logic is
to included to prevent this protection from tripping.
Table 21(a): Shunt Capacitor Bank Protection
The shunt capacitor bank shall be controlled as specified in table 21(b);
VOLTAGE PROTECTION RELATED REQUIREMENTS

LEVEL FUNCTIONS
132KV Earth switch interlocking Both the undervoltage relay and timer shall be
(ungrounded scheme (undervoltage and arranged such that both devices need to operate (AND
shunt discharge timer) logic) for the earth switch/link closing operation to be
double-wye allowed.
bank)
Back-to-back switching The interlock shall consider allowing staggered
interlock switching operation of all shunt capacitor banks in the
275KV same substation, particularly with respect to closing
(grounded operation. Adequate time delay between switching
shunt H- operation of each capacitor bank shall be provided to
bridge bank) facilitate damping of switching transients.

Synchronous (point-on- The chosen relay shall be directly compatible with the
wave) switching intended circuit breaker and grounding type
(ungrounded or grounded) shunt capacitor bank
applications.
The capacitive switching circuit breaker shall be

operated such that the closing operation is controlled
by point-on-wave switching method.
Subject to certain circumstances (for example as

mitigation for unacceptable TRV), point-on-wave
switching control for circuit breaker opening operation
may also be considered for implementation.
The relay shall be capable of performing adaptive

operation to compensate for inherent deviation of time
delay between circuit breaker poles during operation.
Under this contract the contrctor or OEM shall provide

proposal for all the setting parameter and calculation of
POW to suit with the intended circuit breaker and verify
during functional test at site.
Table 21(b): Capacitor Bank Control & Operation Requirement
The Main protection and Back-up Protection function may be allowed to integrate in one
multifunctional device, which is fully duplicated for redundancy. Control functions may be
implemented in separate devices or integrated in one of the multifunctional protection device.

=E01
132 kV MAIN BUSBAR
3150A , 145kV, 31.5 kA for3sec.
132 kV RESERVE BUSBAR
-Q1 -Q2
Capacitor Bank Main 1 Protection
-Q0
P1 51UB 27UV 59OV

Core1 : Class5P20 Capacitor Unbalance
Under Voltage Over Voltage
Protection
Capacitor Bank Main 2 Protection

Core2 : Class5P20
50CBM 51OCEF 49OL
-T1
CB Management Overcurrent & Earth Capacitor Overload
(-F50CBF) Fault Protection Protection
Core3 : Class 0.5
Core4 : Class PX
Busbar
Protection
Core5 : Class PX
P2
-Q9 -Q8
-TU
Control &
Instrumentations
132/0.110 kV
50VA 3P/wdg.1
50VA 0.5/wdg.2
6 % Tuning - LTR
Reactor
-FV
POW
From Busbar VT
or Voltage Point-on- Wave
Selections Device
-C1 -C2
2/ 2 Class0.5/5P
Fig 3a: Typical 132 kV capacitor Bank Protection Function

Note: both Integrated IED/relay shall be different type or manufactures.

Fig 3b: Typical 275 kV capacitor Bank Protection Function
Note: both Integrated IED/relay shall be different type or manufactures.

5.8 SHUNT REACTOR PROTECTION
Shunt reactor banks shall be adequately protected so as to prevent or limit any potential risk of
damage to the reactor bank and associated equipment due to undesirable operating conditions; and
shall be effectively controlled to minimise hazardous impact to human safety and equipment
reliability during routine operation and maintenance processes.
In general, the shunt reactor bank shall be protected as specified in Table 22(a);
REACTOR TYPE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

FUNCTIONS
Main biased current  For transformer tertiary applications, the zone of
differential protection protection may be a dedicated zone or be located
(87T) within the main transformer differential protection
zone.
 The relay shall also feature second harmonic

restraint function to desensitize the protection due
to high inrush during energization of the shunt
Dry-type shunt reactor.
reactor
Backup overcurrent and  Both overcurrent and earth-fault protection shall
earth fault protection be implemented in a single numerical relay, which
(50/51OCEF) is equipped with phase segregated measurement.

Time (DT) characteristics for each stage (a
minimum of 2 stages are required).
Internal sudden-pressure  This mechanical protection shall be used to

protection (for oil- provide fast tripping due to sudden large built-up
immersed reactor) of pressure inside the oil tank during internal turn-
to-turn fault.
Internal gas accumulator  This mechanical protection shall also be used to

(Bucholz) protection (for provide fast tripping due to significant expansion
oil-immersed reactor with of gas during internal turn-to-turn fault.
conservator)
Oil temperature and low Both oil temperature and level shall be monitored to
level protection ensure minimum operating thresholds are not
execeeded during operation.
Alarm (Stage 1) shall be raised prior to tripping

(Stage 2) based on manufacturer’s recommended
values to ensure long-term equipment reliability.
Cooling fan and oil pump For ONAF and OFAF modes of reactor cooling, the
a.c. supply monitor a.c. supply shall be monitored to ascertain alarm shall
be adequately raised when the supply is unavailable.
OIL-IMMERSED
SHUNT Main biased current  The zone of protection shall cover the shunt
REACTOR differential protection reactor only, i.e. dedicated protection zone.
(87T)
 The relay shall also feature second harmonic
restraint function to desensitise the protection due

FUNCTIONS
to high inrush during energization of the shunt
reactor.
Restricted Earth Fault Refer to clause 4.1.6

High Impedance or Low
Impedance
Backup overcurrent and  It is preferable that both overcurrent and earth-

earth fault protection fault protection are implemented in a single
(50/51OCEF) numerical relay, which is equipped with phase
segregated measurement.

Time (DT) characteristics for each stage (a
minimum of 2 stages are required).
Table 22(a): Shunt Reactor Protection
The shunt reactor shall be controlled as specified in table 22(b):

RELATED FUNCTIONS
Circuit breaker interlock For shunt reactor connected to long Transmission
scheme line, and based on the requirement of system study,
an interlock scheme may be applied to allow the
shunt reactor to be automatically disconnected from
service following de-energisation of the equipment it
is connected to for minimising effects of parallel
resonance and other associated problems.
Synchronous (point-on- For switched shunt reactors, synchronous switching

wave) switching function shall be used to minimise switching
DRY-TYPE transients and the chosen relay shall be directly
SHUNT compatible with the intended circuit breaker.
REACTOR
The circuit breaker shall be operated such that the
opening operation is controlled by point-on-wave
&
switching method.
OIL-IMMERSED Subject to certain circumstances, point-on-wave
SHUNT switching control for circuit breaker closing operation
REACTOR may also be considered for implementation.
The relay shall be capable of performing adaptive

operation to compensate for inherent deviation of
time delay between circuit breaker poles during
operation.
Under this contract the contrctor or OEM shall provide

proposal for all the setting parameter and calculation
of POW to suit with the intended circuit breaker and
verify during functional test at site.
Table 22(b): Shunt Reactor Control and Operation Requirement

5.9 CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE PROTECTION
Phase segregated breaker failure protection shall be fitted to all 500kV and 275kV circuit breakers
and 132 kV of Autotransformer CB. The breaker failure protection shall also be fitted at all gas
insulated switchgear GIS bays for 132kV.
Circuit Breaker failure scheme requirement shall specified as in table 23:
Voltage Level Protection Function Scheme Requirements

Functions Code
Circuit 50BF  The BFP relay shall be a dedicated relay
132KV Breaker or intergrated with 50 CB management
(AUTOTRANSFORMER Failure  Initiation of BFP shall be only by the Main
132KV SIDE) Protection protection, Backup protection, Busbar
protection.
 Other backup protection including pole
discordance and Load Shedding scheme
tripping shall not initiate the BFP.
 Dedicated tripping contacts for common
three phase tripping contact shall be
used to initiate the relevant BFP scheme.
 Initiation from Busbar protection shall be
a three phase tripping contact from
respective bay of the Busbar protection
trip relays.

132KV (AIS AND GIS Breaker or intergrated with 50CB Management
APPARATUS) Failure relay.
Protection  Initiation of BFP shall be only by the Main
protection, Backup protection, Busbar
protection.
 Dedicated tripping contacts for common
three phase tripping contact shall be
used to initiate the relevant BFP scheme.
trip relays.

275KV Breaker or intergrated with 50CB Management
Failure relay.
Protection  Initiation of BFP shall be only by the Main
protection, Backup protection, Busbar
protection and Stub protection.
 Dedicated tripping contacts for each
phase and common three phase tripping

Voltage Level Protection Function Scheme Requirements
Functions Code
contacts shall be used to initiate the
relevant BFP scheme.
trip relays.
Table 23: Circuit Breaker Failure General Scheme Requirement.
Other general Circuit Breaker Failure scheme requirement:
i- The maximum permitted reset time of current measuring element of 50CBF relay shall not be
more than 20msec.
ii- The tripping contact to initiate the 50CBF relay or 50CBM relay for CB failure function shall not
be a latching type.
iii- The Numerical 50CBF or 50CBM relay shall consists of one Current measuring element for each
phase and two Timer elements for each circuit breaker. The two timers shall be connected in
parallel to form stage 1 and stage 2 BFP elements.
iv- The start breaker failure input signals shall only be used to start the breaker failure timers.
v- The timer elements reset shall be controlled by any of the drop off current measuring element or
reset of start breaker failure input signal.
vi- The intertrip receive relay with mechanical indication facility and tripping facility shall be provided
at remote end station.
vii- The dedicated 50CBF stage 2 shall initiate tripping of all adjacent circuit breakers connected to
the same section of the busbar through the Main 1 busbar protection.
viii- For 275kV, the 50CBF may allow to integrated with Main 1 Low Impedance Busbar protection
and CBF stage 2 shall initiate tripping through the Main 1 High Impedance busbar protection.
ix- For CBF stage 2 initiation tripping through the Main Low Impedance busbar protection, the
tripping busbar initiation shall be wire up by apply contact for stage 1 CBF at positive circuit and
stage 2 at negative circuit.
x- For 50CBM relay with circuit breaker failure stage 2, dedicated busbars tripping shall be provided
with selective busbar tripping.
5.10 BREAKER AND A HALF (1½ CB) PROTECTION
1½ breaker configuration shall be adequately protected and the protection shall be sensitive, stable,
selective, secure and highly reliable.
The stub section of a 1½ breaker configuration section shall be protected as specified in Table 24:
Voltage Protection Function Scheme Requirements

Level Function Code
Main 1 87STUB/1  Operating principle using unit protection principle
500KV Stub  Relaying method employing high impedance.
AND Protection  AC circuit connection from CT of centre CB, bus side CB and
BELOW line side CB.
 Direct tripping to trip coils (R,Y and B phases) of the Centre
and Bus side circuit breakers.
 Trip initiation to master trip relay 1 & 2 (86E) of Centre and
Bus side circuit breakers.
 Operate auto trip counter of centre and bus side circuit
breakers.
 Start breaker failure protection 3 phase (50BF) of centre and
bus side circuit breakers.
 Alarm for annunciation window.

 Signals for SCADA.
 Signals for Fault Recorder.
 Transfer trip initiation to remote end station if line
disconnector is closed.
 Line side disconnector normally open (89A) contact is
required for line side CT enabling.
 CT circuit supervision for monitoring of failures in connected
CT circuits.
500 kV Main 2 87STUB/2  Operating principle using bias differential unit protection
Stub principle
Protection  Relaying method employing 3 winding low impedance bias
differential relay. The bias differential relay shall have
feature to remain stability during high through fault current.
 AC circuit connection from CT of centre CB, bus side CB and
line side CB can be share with backup protection or
dedicated circuit failure protection
 Direct tripping to trip coils (R,Y and B phases) of the Centre
and Bus side circuit breakers.
 Trip initiation to master trip relay 1 & 2 (86E) of Centre and
Bus side circuit breakers.
 Operate auto trip counter of centre and bus side circuit
breakers.
 Start breaker failure protection 3 phase (50BF) of centre and
bus side circuit breakers.
 Alarm for annunciation window.
 Signals for SCADA.
 Signals for Fault Recorder.
 Transfer trip initiation to remote end station if line
disconnector is closed.
 Line side disconnector normally close (89A) contact is
required for line side CT shorted.
Table 24: Stub Protection Scheme Requirement
For Stub Protection using High Impedance Principle, all current transformers used for the Stub
protection scheme shall have the following;
4. Identical turns ratio
5. Identical class
4. Identical rating / burden
5.11 LOAD SHEDDING SCHEME
The load shedding scheme shall be Intergrated with Underfrequency and Undervoltage relay.
A combination of Underfrequency and Undervoltage relaying scheme is allowed. The frequency or

voltage input source for the relays shall be tapped from 132 kV busbar Voltage Transformers. Where
busbar voltage transformer is not available, the voltage input shall be tapped from the voltage
selection scheme.
Unless otherwise specified the UFLS/UVLS scheme shall be wired to trip all incomers (LV CBs) of the
distribution transformers within the substation. Incomers of a paralleled transformer pair are to be
tripped at same trip stage or setting, and incomers of different transformer pairs at different trip
stage or setting. Tripping of OHL feeder may be require subject to TNB requirement.

For substations with two or more 132kV busbar sections, only two frequency/voltage relays is to be
provided, one for main busbar or busbar 1 and the other for reserve busbar or busbar 2. Both the
relays shall be located at the 132 kV bus-coupler panel.
Each relay shall have at least 4 independent trip stages with each stage capable of being triggered
by frequency level, rate-of-change-of-frequency, voltage level or rate-of-change-of-voltage.
An OFF/ON switch (or IN/ OUT OF SERVICE) shall be provided for each load shedding relay at the
relay panel where the load shedding relay located. This switch shall deactivate all the tripping output
without switch Off the power supply of the relay. The switch shall have LED lamp indication to
indicate load shedding relay “OUT OF SERVICE’.
A trip relay shall be provided for each pair of incomers that are to be tripped at a common
frequency/voltage tripping stage. Each tripping signal shall be provided with trip isolating link located
at Incomer control panel and shall be clearly label.
Isolation trip links to be provided for tripping signals to each incomer CB and shall be located at the
132kV Bus-Coupler relay panel.
Adequate and appropriate alarm and indication facilities shall be provided at the 132kV Bus-Coupler
panel and at each incomers Control and Relay panels and SCADA system. Adequate and meaningful
labels shall be provided for the DC and tripping circuits.
5.12 FAULT RECORDER
Fault recorders of microprocessor based design to record graphically the currents and the voltages
for all the 500kV and 275kV overhead lines, autotransformer feeders and underground cable feeders
and other bays specified in the Specifications during fault condition, switching transient as well as the
operation of protective relays. The fault recorder shall be equipped with 8 analogue input signals (4
currents and 4 voltages) and at least 24 logic signals per feeder.
The fault recorder shall be equipped with fast sampling rate at 5000Hz. The fault recorder shall
integrate Sequence of Event Recorder SER in the system.
The following facilities shall be provided:
1. Automatic triggering facilities including voltage and current threshold triggering, voltage
and current zero sequence triggering, voltage rate of change triggering and frequency
deviation triggering.
2. Triggering from events channels or digital inputs.
3. Pushbutton for initiating recording of currents and voltages (manual triggering).
4. Oscillograph channels to record phase and zero sequence voltage and current waveform.
5. Marker channels to record chronologically relay operations.
6. Alarm contacts to indicate ‘fault recorder operation’ in the control room.
7. Non-volatile memory for recording currents and voltages at least 5 cycles prior to occurrence of
the fault.
8. The recording period shall be sufficient to recover a complete autoreclose cycle (4.0 seconds).
9. Device that records the precise time of the occurrence of the fault or disturbance to the nearest
10 millisecond.
10. Modem or router with possible connection to TNB corporate LAN
11. Local interrogation facilities using notebook.
12. Remote interrogation facilities with remote master evaluation centre via telephone line and LAN
13. Fault locator function
14. Global position systems GPS
15. All necessary MS-Windows based fault evaluation and communication software.

The approved type of fault recorder is listed in TNB Approve Relay List These shall be included in the
main offer in Schedule E.
5.13 TRIPPING SCHEMES

The tripping scheme design requirements are as follows:
i- Unless specified the trip circuit operating voltage shall be 110V dc (nominal voltage).
ii- Each transmission system the trip circuit shall be provided with two trip circuit to each circuit
breaker trip coils.
iii- The protection trip circuit is intended to operate the circuit breaker at high speed.
iv- Main protection shall trip direct to the trip coil and to initiate the lockout master trip relay for
non-autoreclose tripping. The use of high speed auxiliary tripping relay to duplicate the
protection relay contact may be permitted to initiate the lockout master trip relay.
v- Main transformer guard protection shall initiate the lockout master trip relay (F86E) without
tripping direct the trip coil.
vi- Backup protection shall initiate the lockout master trip relay (F86E). Lockout master trip relay
shall be provided to prevent circuit breaker closing again until the lockout relay(s) is manually
reset. Each lockout master trip relay shall trip the both trip coils (cross tripping). Additional direct
tripping to the trip coil may allow if contact output available.
vii- The interruption of the trip circuit current shall be provided by the circuit breaker auxiliary
contacts.
viii- Relay coils shall be permanently connected or via high impedance resistor to the negative bus in
dc circuit to minimize the effect of electrolytic corrosion.
The tripping scheme logic for the various protection schemes, in relation to main and backup
protection elements are shown in Table 25(a), 25(b), and 25(c) respectively.
VOLTAGE FAULT TYPE TRIPPING MAIN PROTECTION BACKUP PROTECTION

MODE ELEMENTS ELEMENTS
Single-phase- 1-Pole 21Z (Zone 1) N/A
500KV & to ground 21Z (Zone 2 + permissive
275KV carrier signal)
87L (within Zone of
Protection)
3-Pole 21Z (Zone 2) All backup protection

21Z (Zone 3) elements
21Z (Zone 3R)
Phase-to – 3-Pole All main protection All backup protection

phase elements elements
Phase-to –
phase-to
ground
Three-phase
Three-phase-
to-ground
132kV All type of 3-Pole All main protection All backup protection
faults elements elements
Table 25(a): Overhead Line Tripping Scheme
All voltages All type of 3-Pole All main protection All backup protection
Table 25(b): Underground cable, transformer, capacitor, reactor tripping scheme logic

All voltages All type of 3-Pole All main protection All backup protection
Table 25(c): Busbar, and circuit breaker failure tripping scheme logic
The requirements for tripping scheme for the 500kV and 275kV systems are tabulated in the
following Table 25(d):
EQUIPMENT SCHEME APPLICATION

Overhead Line  Main 1 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 1
 Main 2 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 2
 Two lockout master trip relays 86E shall be provided for each circuit breaker (i.e.
dedicated 86E for each trip coil)
 Both lockout master trip relays 86E shall initiate both circuit breaker trip coil 1
and 2
 Main 1 protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay 1 (86E/1) for non-
autoreclose faults (e.g. three phase faults, SOTF, fault at adjacent line, etc.)
 Main 2 protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay 2 (86E/2) for non-
autoreclose faults
 For autoreclose unsuccessful conditions, both lockout master trip relays (86E/1
and 86E/2) shall be initiated by the autoreclose relay
 Both lockout master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2) shall not initiate autoreclose
blocking.
Underground  Main 1 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 1
Cable  Main 2 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 2
 Both lockout master trip relays 86E shall initiate both circuit breaker trip coil 1
and 2
 Main 1 protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay 1 (86E/1)
Auto-  Main 1 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 1
transformer  Main 2 protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 2
 Both lockout master trip relays 86E shall initiate both the circuit breaker trip coil
1 and 2
 Transformer guard protections shall initiate both lockout master trip relays
(86E/1 and 86E/2)
 Transformer inter-tripping scheme shall be provided to inter-trip HV circuit
breaker from LV protection and vice-versa (i.e. inter-trip LV CB from HV
protection)
 For HV to LV inter-trip, the HV lockout master trip relays shall trip the LV circuit
breaker directly.
 For LV to HV inter-trip, the LV lockout master trip relays (or LV protection) shall
trip the HV circuit breaker directly.

Bus Coupler  One lockout master trip relay 86E shall be provided for each circuit breaker
And Bus  Alternatively, two lockout master trip relays (86E/1 and 86E/2) may be provided
Section for each circuit breaker trip coil
 Lockout master trip relay 86E shall initiate both the circuit breaker trip coil 1 and
2
 Backup protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay (86E)
Busbar  Main 1 87BBLO shall initiate circuit breaker trip coil 1 and lockout master trip
relay 86E/1.
Main 2 87BBLO shall initiate circuit breaker trip coil 2 and lockout master trip
relay 86E/2.
Circuit Breaker  CBF shall be provided for each circuit breaker

Failure  CBF shall initiate both lockout master trip relay 86E 1 & 2.
2
 CBF Stage 1 shall re-trip local CB
 CBF Stage 2 with stage 1 shall trip all adjacent CBs connected to the same
busbar and direct inter-trip remote end circuit breaker
Table 25(d): Tripping scheme for system 500kV and 275kV
The requirements for tripping scheme for the 132kV system are tabulated in the following table
25(e):
Equipment Scheme Application

Overhead Line  Main protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 1.
 One lockout master trip relay 86E shall be provided for each circuit breaker
 Lockout master trip relay 86E shall initiate circuit breaker trip coil 1 and 2
 Main protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay (86E) for non-
autoreclose faults (e.g. three phase faults, SOTF, fault at adjacent line, etc.)
 For autoreclose unsuccessful conditions, the lockout master trip relay (86E) shall
be initiated by the autoreclose relay
 The lockout master trip relays (86E) shall not initiate autoreclose blocking
Underground  Main protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip coil 1.
Cable  One lockout master trip relay 86E shall be provided for each circuit breaker.
2
 Main protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay (86E)
Power  Transformer main protection relays shall directly energise the circuit breaker trip
transformer coil 1 or trip coil 2.
 One lockout master trip relays 86E shall be provided for HV and LV circuit
breaker and located at HV relay panel.
 Lockout master trip relays 86E shall initiate both the circuit breaker trip coil 1 and
2 and LV CB circuit breaker directly
 Main protection relay, Standby Erath Fault stage 2 and Transformer guard
protections shall initiate lockout master trip relay (86E).
Bus Coupler  One lockout master trip relay 86E shall be provided for each circuit breaker
And Bus  Lockout master trip relay 86E shall initiate both the circuit breaker trip coil 1 and
Section 2
 Backup protection relay shall initiate lockout master trip relay (86E)
Busbar  87BBLO shall initiate circuit breaker both trip coil 1 & 2 and lockout master trip
relay 86E.

 Common trip isolation link for each feeder shall be provided at busbar protection
panel.
Circuit Breaker  CBF shall be provided for each circuit breaker for GIS substation.
Failure  CBF shall initiate lockout master trip relay 86E.
2
 CBF Stage 1 shall re-trip local CB.
 CBF Stage 2 shall trip all adjacent CBs connected to the same busbar and direct
inter-trip remote end circuit breaker
Table 25(e): Tripping scheme for 132kV system
Intertrip tripping schemes and facilities shall be provided when the need for total clearance of faults
is essential and required for the system and the following situations;
a. T-off condition,
b. Transformer feeder condition,
c. GIS type busbar.
6.0 AUTO-RECLOSING SCHEME
The scope of design stipulated in this specification applies to transmission overhead and hybrid
(combination of overhead line and cable) lines at voltage levels of 132 kV, 275 kV and 500 kV, where
auto-reclose function is not preferred for cable feeders. The design scope can be summarised as
shown in table 26:
Protection Scheme Application Criteria

 Overhead line feeder only
Note: Inclusive of teed lines with transformers having circuit breakers on
high voltage side, where the local protection is sufficient to detect and
isolate in-zone faults.
Overhead line  Overhead line length > underground cable length

protection with auto-  Underground cable length < 500 m
reclose  Overhead line length > underground cable length
 Underground cable length > 500 m
 Mainly applicable to critical lines
Note: Subject to engineering studies. Inhibiting auto-reclose operation
for cable section faults by cable unit protection may also be considered.
Overhead line  Overhead line length > underground cable length
protection without  Underground cable length > 500 m
auto-reclose  Mainly applicable to non-critical lines
Underground cable  Underground cable length > overhead line length
protection without
auto-reclose  Underground cable feeder only
Table 26(a)

For Overhead line applications, single shot auto-reclose attempt shall be employed with the general
selection requirements as shown in table 26(b)below:
Voltage Auto-Reclose Faults Initiation Mode Switch

Level Scheme Selection
High-Speed SPAR SLG faults
500 kV
Delayed TPAR DLL and DLG faults  OFF / ON
High-Speed SPAR SLG faults  1 / 1+3 /3
275 kV
Delayed TPAR DLL and DLG faults
132 kV Delayed TPAR SLG, DLL and DLG faults  OFF / ON
Table 26(b): Auto reclose Scheme
Note:
DLG = Phase-to-phase-to-earth
DLL = Phase-to-phase
NOR = Normal operating requirement
OFF = Switch off auto-reclose function
ON = Switch on auto-reclose function
SLG = Single phase-to-earth
SOR = Special operating requirement, e.g. live
line maintenance
SPAR = Single pole auto-reclose
TPAR = Three-pole auto-reclose
TPH = Three-phase fault
Auto-reclose operating mode with respect to switch selection:

Mode Initiation Operating Mode
Only three-pole trip is initiated by main
OFF protection for all faults. Auto-reclose is Disable auto-reclose operation.
lockout.
Trip and auto-reclose according to mode
ON Enable auto-reclose operation.
switch selection.
SLG fault Single pole tripping  High-speed SPAR
1 DLL, DLG or TPH faults Three pole tripping  Auto-reclose lockout
Evolving fault during SPAR dead time. Three pole tripping  Auto-reclose lockout
SLG, DLL or DLG faults Three pole tripping  Delayed TPAR

3
TPH faults Three pole tripping  Auto-reclose lockout
SLG fault Single pole tripping  High-speed SPAR

DLL or DLG faults Three pole tripping  Delayed TPAR
1+3
TPH faults Three pole tripping  Auto-reclose lockout
Evolving fault during SPAR dead time. Three pole tripping  Delayed TPAR
Table 26(c): Auto-Reclose Operating Mode

Auto Reclose general main operating features shall comply as specified in table 26(d):
Features Description
Initiation (a) Initiation is achieved by a high speed main protection relay function, e.g.
current differential protection.
(b) Master trip relay (MTR) is not permitted to initiate auto-reclose blocking
operation.
(c) Auto-reclose scheme shall determine the circuit breaker status prior to
initiating sequence.
Type of (a) Tripping from protection relay shall be direct to the trip coil(s) without
protection initiating the lockout master trip relay (86E).
(b) Tripping that does not require auto-reclose shall initiate the lockout master
trip relay (MTR).
(c) Protection relay shall fully reset during dead time.
Dead time (a) Separate settings in the auto-reclose relay for high speed and delayed auto-
reclose scheme.
(b) For high speed SPAR operation, the dead time shall be coordinated with the
pole discordance time. The pole discordance time shall be longer than the
dead time to permit successful SPAR.
(c) Closing pulse is initiated to the tripped circuit breaker pole after the dead time
elapses.
Reclosing pulse (a) The duration of reclosing pulse depends on the circuit breaker closing
mechanism requirements, typically less than 2 seconds.
(b) A circuit breaker auxiliary switch shall be used to terminate the closing pulse
applied by the auto-reclose relay.
Reclaim time (a) Occurrence of any fault during the reclaim time shall result in initiation of
master trip lockout relay.
Auto-reclose (a) Auto-reclose shall not permitted under any of the following specific conditions:
blocking  Three-phase fault operation initiation from main protection.
 Backup protection operated.
 CB closing operating mechanism uncharged (delayed by adjustable
external timer).
 During circuit breaker closing operation (from circuit breaker auxiliary
contact status).
 Cable protection operated for hybrid line using unit protection to inhibit
auto-reclose.
 Direct inter-tripping from remote end.
 SOTF (switch on to fault) operated, for distance protection
Circuit breaker (a) The auto-reclose scheme lockouts the circuit breaker via the lockout master
lockout trip relay if the auto-reclose operation is unsuccessful due to:
 Failure of synchronism check function, or
 Second fault occurring during reclaim time.
(b) The auto-reclose lockout signal from auto-reclose relay shall be automatically
reset (self-reset) upon resetting of initiation signal.
(c) When auto-reclose is in OFF mode, any tripping shall lockout the circuit
breaker via lock-out master trip relay (MTR).
Manual closing (a) Auto-reclose shall be inhibited when the circuit breaker closing is manually
initiated (manual operating mode).
(b) Manual closing auto-reclose block may also be implemented by circuit breaker
auxiliary switch.

Mode Selection Mode selection switches are positioned at the designated control panel, as
described earlier.
Device It is preferable but non-mandatory that both auto-reclose and synchronism check
functions shall be integrated in one dedicated relay.
Table 26(d): Auto-Reclose Operating Feature
7.0 STATION CONTROL
7.1 CONTROL OPERATIONS
Control panels provided under the Contract shall afford all facilities necessary for the safe and effective
control of the plant and equipment being supplied under this and associated Contracts.
Circuit-breakers and isolators shall be provided with electrical controls for use under maintenance or
emergency conditions.
Control system shall comply with requirement stated in Table 27.
The following control operations shall be made available at control level specified.
(a) Switching operation

(b) Setting of reference value
(c) Manual tap change control
(d) Selection of Auto/Manual mode
(e) Control of parallel operation of transformer
(f) Resetting of master trip relays
Requirement and Feature
Control positions Equipment may be electrically controlled from a number of different

control points. The control positions shall be designated as follows: -
i- For Conventional substation with RTU
 Local Control:
Located adjacent to the item of plant to facilitate
maintenance, inspection and emergency operation.
 Remote Control:
Located at the control panel in the substation control room
where specified items of plant are monitored and controlled
by direct wire connection
 Supervisory Control:
From Network Control Centre, where principal items of plant at
a number of substations are remotely controlled and
monitored via SCADA system.
ii- For Substation with SCS
 Local Control:
Located adjacent to the item of plant to facilitate maintenance,
inspection and emergency operation.
 Bay Control:
Located at the control panel in the substation control room
where specified items of plant are monitored and controlled by
bay level computer operation
 Station Control:
Located at the substation control system (SCS) man-machine
interface (MMI) in the substation control room where specified
items of plant are monitored and controlled by SCS MMI
operation.

 Supervisory Control:
From Network Control Centre, where principal items of plant at
a number of substations are remotely controlled and
monitored via SCADA system
Necessary facilities i- Control panels, cubicles, etc., for the control of outdoor substation
plant by direct wire from a control room located at the substation
site.
Requirement for i- Where specified, circuit breakers, motor operated isolators and other
Supervisory control plant will be provided with supervisory control from other remote
control centres.
ii- Control panels associated with this equipment shall be provided with
multi-pole lockable changeover selector switch labelled;
 "Remote" and "Supervisory" (for conventional substation with
RTU
 “Station”, “Bay” and “Emergency” (for substation with
Power supply i- Controls at each substation shall be operated at the battery voltage
of the stations, as specified under the appropriate section of this
Specification.
Table 27: General Control Operation Requirement
7.2 SUPERVISORY CONTROL
The Plant shall be equipped with all the necessary facilities such as Heavy Duty Interposing relays
(HDIR), MCB and terminals to facilitate the safe, secure and reliable execution of supervisory control
commands from the Network Control Center (NCC).
All supervisory control actions are enabled only when the Supervisory/Remote or Supervisory/Local
switch for the device is in the Supervisory position. All supervisory controls shall be disabled when
the switch is in the Remote or Local position. Both positive and negative source shall be isolated from
the supervisory circuit when the switch is in the remote position.
The supervisory control scheme shall adhere to the interlocking system for safe operation of the
device.
In order to perform Supervisory Digital Output control, the RTU shall process the control command
from the NCC and initiate the energization of the corresponding HDIR, initiating the closure of the
HDIR’s contacts which in turn completes the Plant control circuit causing the desired control action to
be performed.
For Transmission level equipment, the HDIR shall derive its coil supply from the substation’s DC
supply bus in the Plant’s control panel through the use of suitably rated MCBs or fused switch for
protection and isolation purposes.
For Distribution level equipment, the RTU shall provide the 110Vdc supply to energize the HDIR.
The HDIR for each control point shall be installed in the associated control panel of the plant
equipment.
The HDIRs shall be mounted on stationary rigid backing or frame to prevent false operation from
jarring or banging.
HDIRs shall NOT be mounted on swinging panels or doors.

The HDIR contacts shall be suitably rated to switch inductive loads such as closing or tripping coils of
circuit breakers. The HDIR contact shall be rated at 10A @ 150Vdc minimum, to make or break
circuits.
The HDIR shall be of momentary normally open contacts type.
The minimum dielectric strength of the HDIR shall be 2,200Vac, 50Hz for 1 min between coil and
contact.
The HDIR with diode across the coil shall NOT be used.
The contacts of the HDIRs shall be wired through Supervisory/Remote switch to ensure that the
supervisory control command is only executed if the switch is in the Supervisory position.
A pair of isolatable terminal blocks shall be provided for each Supervisory Digital Output control
function which shall be wired individually to the SIP for interfacing with the Telecontrol Equipment.
Supervisory control signals shall be referred to SCADA Signal List, doc no: TTS-TK-NCC
7.3 SYNCHRONISING AND DEAD LINE CHECK INTERLOCKS
7.3.1 GENERAL
The general requirement for SYNCHRONISING AND DEAD LINE CHECK INTERLOCKS shall comply to
as tabulated in Table 28.

Purpose  A synchronizing scheme shall be provided to enable safe
interconnection of two sources of supply.
Checking condition i- The following values shall be within certain operational limits.
 phase difference across the connecting circuit breaker
 the rate of change of phase across the connecting circuit
breaker
 the respective voltages.
 the system frequency difference
ii- Synchronizing Bypass Switch shall be provided at Synchronizing panel
to allow CB to close only during system dead condition (No Incoming
voltage and no Running voltage-DLDB)
Supplemental function i- When necessary, the scheme shall incorporate automatic voltage
selection of the appropriate incoming and running voltages using
circuit breaker and isolator auxiliary contacts or voltage selection
relays.
ii- Where the actual auxiliary contact for disconnector not sufficient
the status of switchgear may allow to derive from multiplied
contacts only preferably by using Bistable relay.
terminology i- The side of the circuit breaker, across which synchronizing is to be
effected, associated with the busbar is designated the running
supply
iii- The other side, usually the feeder side, is designated the incoming
supply
Operation of scheme i- For conventional substation, operation of the scheme shall be
dependent upon actuation of a key operated synchronizing selector
switch as specified elsewhere
ii- In such a manner that only one circuit at a time can be selected for
synchronizing. The scheme shall be extensible to cater for future
extensions.

iv-
For Substation Control System SCS, the synchronizing function is
incorporated in SCS bay computer unit BCU. The BCU shall be suitable
to monitor voltage continuously.
Necessity of i- Large primary system earth fault currents may give rise to
Interposing undesirable circulating earth fault currents in voltage transformer
transformers secondary circuits if these are earthed.
ii- Interposing transformers shall therefore be provided for
synchronizing purposes.
ii. Back energisation of voltage transformers on dead primary plant is
not permitted and thus, where voltage selection is provided, the
scheme shall be fail-safe so that component failure cannot result in
voltage transformer paralleling.
Table 28: General Requirement for Synchronizing Scheme
7.3.2 SYNCHRONISING SCHEME AND EQUIPMENT
Synchronizing facilities are required for all 500kV, 275kV and 132kV circuit breakers controlling
feeder circuits, auto-transformer circuits, bus coupler and bus-section circuits. Suitable running
voltage references may be obtained from busbar voltage transformer. In the station where busbar
VT is not available, the running voltage may be derived from a busbar voltage selection scheme
The synchronizing system shall be such that the synchronizing circuit must be established before the
circuit breaker can be closed. Synchronizing systems and equipment provided as extensions to
existing systems shall provide identical facilities and be of similar style and design to the existing
equipment.
For substation with Substation Control System SCS, the synchronizing scheme including the voltage
check facilities may be incorporated in the SCS Bay Computer Unit (BCU). The requirements shall be
referred to SCS specifications.
7.3.3 SYNCHRONIZING EQUIPMENT FOR CONVENTIONAL SUBSTATION
The following equipment, plus any additional auxiliary equipment necessary to ensure correct
functioning of the scheme, shall normally be provided.
Synchronizing equipment applied for conventional substation shall satisfy requirements shown in
Table 29;
Selector switch i- A synchronising selector switch per circuit breaker that shall be coded
type such that synchronizing can only take place on one circuit at a time at
any one station.
ii- The switch shall have two position Synchronizing ON/OFF with spring
return switch or three position switch that will allow synchronizing
scheme in, `Off', ‘Manual Synchronize’ or ‘Synchronizing override’
operation.
Function at each i- In the Synchronize Switch in ON position, the switch shall enable the
switch position appropriate incoming and running supplies to be applied to check
synchronizing relays and synchronizing instruments. A time delay timer
for synchronizing sequence shall be start.
ii- The switch also prepares for closure of the circuit breaker via the
discrepancy control switch and through a contact of the check
synchronizing relay.
iii- The switch shall also prepare for closure of the circuit breaker at Dead
Line/Live Bus or Live Line/Dead Bus.

iv- The sequence for synchronizing shall be reset after the synchronizing
timer is elapsed.
Supplemental i- For Station having Busbar Voltage, selection of running voltage shall be
function selected from Busbar VT where the feeder will be connected to
respective busbar.
ii- When busbar VT MCB in ‘OFF’ position or busbar VT disconnector in
Open position, the synchronizing relay shall ‘Block’ and alarm shall be
initiated.
Used voltage phase i- Yellow phase to neutral voltages shall be used for synchronizing purposes
Setting i- The synchronizing equipment shall operate satisfactorily over the range
of 80% to 120% of its rated value.
Auxiliary i- Interposing transformers for incoming and running voltage supplies.

equipment ii- Voltage selection equipment, either auxiliary contact from primary
equipment or voltage selection relays, where specified.
Synchronizing instruments consisting of incoming and running voltmeters,
frequency meters and synchroscope. These instruments shall be
continuously rated.
Table 29: Synchronizing Equipment Requirement
Synchronizing equipment common to all circuits (e.g. instruments and check synchronizing relays)
shall be mounted on a swing frame panel. The panel shall be suitably hinged and mounted at the
center of the control panel assembly or adjacent to bus coupler control panel so as to be adjustable
for viewing from any angle at the circuit breaker remote control positions.
7.3.4 DBC/DLC INTERLOCKS
The requirement for DBC/DLC interlocks summarized in Table 30 shall be met.

Types of interlocks i- Closure of a circuit breaker interconnecting two circuits may be
for synchronizing required where conditions for synchronizing cannot be
scheme satisfied due to the absence of either running or incoming
supply.
ii- In these cases, the following interlocks shall be provided.

 Dead Line Check (DLC)
 Dead Bus Check (DBC)
 `Synchronising Override’
iii- A DBC interlocks

 To permit reclosure only if the receiving busbar is
de-energized.
ii. A DLC interlocks

 To permit reclosure if the associated line is de-energized.
iii. In both cases the busbar and line are considered to be

de-energized when the voltage is less than twenty percent of
rated voltage and the opposite supply to the de-energized
busbar or line must be greater than eighty percent of rated
voltage.

iv. A common interlock check synchronizing Bypass switch shall
be provided at the synchronizing panel
 To enable the contacts of the check synchronizing relay in
the closing circuit to be bypassed.
 Operation of this switch shall be interlocked with the voltage
interlock of DBC and DLC above, to prevent override of
check synchronizing when both voltage supplies are absent.
Table 30: Synchronizing Interlock
7.3.5 REMOTE SUPERVISORY CONTROL
Where remote supervisory control facilities are provided, these shall be arranged to duplicate the
facilities of the synchronizing selector and check synchronizing override switches so as not to
interfere with the normal operation of the actual scheme.
7.3.5.1 SUPERVISORY CONTROL FOR CIRCUIT BREAKER
For the control of circuit breakers in circuits that require synchronizing, the Contractor must provide
for a supervisory closing scheme that requires only a SINGLE close command from the RTU to initiate
a closing sequence that checks for all the synchronizing requirements. The Network Control Centre
shall not be required to initiate a synchronizing command first before a close command to facilitate
the closing of the circuit breaker. The Network Control Centre must be provided with the facility to
close a circuit breaker via a single command in all of the following situations:
- Live Line Live Bus
- Live Line, Dead Bus
- Dead Line, Live Bus
- Dead Line, Dead Bus
There should not be any need to manually switch any synchronizing selector switches on the CB
control panel in order for supervisory closing to be enabled.
The supervisory control circuit in the plant should ensure that it is not possible to incorrectly close
the circuit breaker when there is a VT failure of one or both of the incoming or running voltages.
7.3.6 CHECK SYNCHRONIZING RELAY
Check synchronizing relays shall be provided as specified to enable a check of synchronism between
appropriate incoming and running voltages for manual and automatic reclosure of each circuit breaker
exists. Check synchronizing relay shall satisfy requirements as shown in Table 31.
Phase angle i- Voltages over which the relay contacts will close shall be provided over
difference. the range 20o to 45o.
ii- Please note this results in a total angular segment over which circuit
breaker closure is permitted to 40o minimum and 90o maximum.
Rate of change of i- A function of circuit breaker closure time and adjustment shall be
phase (slip). provided for this.
ii- The method of measurement of slip in which it is ensured that the
three phase angles difference does not exceed the set phase angle
difference for more than a given time, is preferred.
iii- A time range of 2 to 10 seconds is required.

iv- Alternative methods, e.g., by direct instantaneous measurement of
true slip frequency, are permitted and a range of settings of 0 to
0.125 Hz/sec is required.
v- If the preferred measurement method is not used, a timer shall be
provided so that at least 2 seconds must elapse between application
of both AC supplies to the check synchronizing relay and an output
being given.
Voltage difference i- A voltage check feature shall be incorporated which shall inhibit
operation of the check synchronizing relay if either one or both of the
synchronizing voltages is less than a preset percentage of rated
voltage.
iii- The voltage check feature shall be adjustable over the range 80% to
90% of the relay rated voltage.
System frequency i- A system frequency check feature which shall inhibit operation of the
difference check synchronizing relay shall be incorporated if the system
frequency difference exceeds the set system frequency difference.
ii- Typically a frequency range of 0.1 to 0.5 Hz is required.
Table 31: Synchronizing Relay Requirement
8.0 INTERLOCKING SCHEMES
Isolating devices or disconnectors, earthing switches, circuit breakers, etc., shall be provided with an
interlocking system, which ensures safe operation of the equipment under all service conditions. All
switchgear except circuit breaker shall be prevented to operate on load.
Mechanical interlocks, where specified, shall be effective at the point where hand power is applied so
that stresses cannot be transferred to parts remote from that point.
All electrical interlocks shall so function as to interrupt the operating supply, and an approved system of
interlocks shall be provided which shall cover the emergency hand operation of apparatus which is
power operated under normal operation.
For substation equipped with SCS, the bay level interlocking scheme shall be implemented in the bay
unit by means of software. Electrical hardwired interlock shall be implemented for primary equipment
local control and remote CB emergency control. Additional electrical hardwired interlock scheme shall
be allowed.
For substation with conventional control system, the interlocking scheme shall be implemented by
mean of hardwired electrical interlock. For distribution voltage level, the implementation of
hardwired electrical interlock and/or software may be permitted.
Wiring connection to any electrical interlock shall not produce or permit faulty operation. Electrical bolt
(plunger-type) interlocks shall be energized only when the operating handle of the mechanism is
brought to the working position. Visible indication shall be provided to show whether the mechanism is
locked or free. Approved means, normally padlocked, shall be provided whereby the bolt (plunger) can
be operated in the emergency situation such as a failure of interlock supplies.
Where key interlocking is employed, tripping of the circuit breaker shall not occur if any attempt is made
to remove the trapped key from the mechanism. Emergency tripping devices shall be kept separate and
distinct from the key interlocking system and shall be clearly labeled, suitably protected from inadvertent
operation but readily accessible.

At existing substations where equipment is being extended, interlocking facilities, key exchanges and
associated equipment shall be identical with and form a comprehensive extension to the existing
interlocking schemes.
Interlocking scheme for each switchgear shall consider status of relevant devices that can be
generalized as stated below;
Apparatus Operation Interlock Check

Circuit Open None.
Breaker Close Necessary isolators, necessary earthing switches, Master Trip
Relay*, synchronism check*, LV circuit breaker*, incomer VT
readiness* (for transformer feeder) and NER isolators*.
Isolators Open Circuit Breaker.
Close Necessary earthing switch.
Earthing Open Necessary circuit breakers and isolators.
switch Close Necessary circuit breakers and isolators and undervoltage
relay*.
*where applicable
Status information for all switchgear use for interlocking shall be defined by actual normally open or
normally close contacts. However, the status of switchgear may allow to derive from multiplied contacts
only by using Bistable relay. Circuit breakers shall be electrically interlocked so that except under
maintenance conditions it is not possible to close a circuit breaker unless the selected busbar isolator is
closed. No interlocking check require for opening circuit breaker
Except as stated below, isolators shall be so interlocked such that they cannot be operated unless the
associated circuit breaker is opened. Where power transformers are banked together, the individual
transformer isolators shall be interlocked such that it will not possible to make or break load current at
the isolators.
Line disconnectors shall be interlocked in a manner which allows operation only when the associated
circuit breakers and line earthing switch are open.
Closing or opening of any earthing switch shall be prevented unless the point of application is
disconnected from all possible sources of supply. Line earthing switches shall be interlocked in a manner
which allows operation only when the associated line is de-energized. This interlock shall also utilize a
three-phase undervoltage relay or three-phase undervoltage function in back-up protection with plunger
mechanism physically preventing operation.
Busbar VT disconnector shall not allow to operate from Remote or Supervisory mode.
For double busbar system, provision for on load transfer of feeder circuits from one busbar to another
shall be made possible by electrical interlocks which ensure that the section breaker/isolators,
bus-coupler breaker and its isolators are closed. For a substation with Substation Control System (SCS),
this shall be implemented through hardwiring and the software interlocking functions of the Substation
Control Systems (SCS).
9.0 CONTROL MONITORING
9.1 ALARM SCHEMES AND ANNUNCIATOR WINDOWS
Solid state annunciator windows utilizing the station DC are preferred. All alarm and trip functions of
switchgear and transformers including DC systems shall be monitored here. Under most circumstances a
40-window annunciator is sufficient for each feeder circuit, however these shall be tailored according to

the requirements as per Schedule C. For SCS substation, a limited grouped window annunciator is
acceptable subject to the substation requirements. A minimum of 5% spare-ways shall be allowed for.
Multi-coloured windows shall be utilized. `Red' shall be used for trip or emergency status, `Yellow’
for urgent or non-trip alarms associated with switchgear status.
The multi window integral solid state annunciator fascia shall be provided with accept, cancel and
test facilities.
All the annunciator equipment shall be undergo evaluation and validation by TNB to ensure the
conformance with TNB specification and to be listed in TNB prefer list. The OEM or supplier shall
provide testing method and perform the test for TNB review and evaluation.
9.2 INDICATIONS
Control panels shall be provided with mimic diagrams to the following color code showing the main
primary connections in single line AC schematic form at a convenient height so as to permit ready
operation of the circuit breaker control switches and discrepancy type switches and indicators which
shall be incorporated on such diagrams.
System Voltage kV Colour to BS 381C: 1980

500 Blue
275 Bronze
132 Cyprus Green no.227
33 Red
11 Yellow
0.415 Light Orange No.557
Earth Connections Black
Background To be approved
Control switches and pushbuttons shall comply with requirement in table 32.
Standard i- Control switches and push buttons shall comply with IEC 60947-5 or
BS 4794
.
Control Switch i- Control switches for electrically operated circuit breakers, motor
operated isolators, etc.
 Approved discrepancy type and arranged to operate clockwise
when closing and anti-clockwise when opening them.
 To be designed to prevent accidental operation and shall be
adequately interlocked.
 The discrepancy switch type operation shall be effected by two
independent movements.
 For SCS substation, the use of shrouded push buttons in
conjunction with semaphore indications is acceptable.
ii- Switches for other apparatus such as manually operated isolators

and earth switches shall be operated by shrouded push-buttons in
conjunction with semaphore indications or have handles of the
spade type.
iii- Control, reversing, selector and test switches shall be constructed,
mounted and wired so as to facilitate the maintenance of contacts
without the necessity for disconnecting the wiring.

ii. Control switches for circuit breakers, motor operated isolators and
for motor operated setting devices, such as governor control, field
rheostat control, etc., shall be of the non-locking type with spring
return to the "neutral" position. Such switches shall be controlled by
independent springs; the use of the contact springs alone for
restoring to neutral position is not acceptable.
iii. Where necessary, other control switches shall be capable of being
locked in appropriate positions.
iv. All push buttons shall be of non-retaining type made of
non-hygroscopic material, non-swelling and fitted to avoid any
possibility of sticking.
v. The contacts of all switches and push buttons shall be strong and
shall have a positive wiping action when operated.
vi. Controls switches for use in direct wire control scheme shall be
rated for the substation battery voltage as mention in relevant
section.
Position indication i- Position indication signals for transmission by the supervisory

signals control scheme shall be derived from separate normally open and
closed auxiliary contacts.
ii- They shall be provided and connected up under this Contract to and
from terminal blocks in the associated control panels to the
supervisory panels or substation Control System SCS.
Discrepancy lamps i- All discrepancy lamps shall be arranged to light and give an audible
alarm when the position of the circuit breaker or isolator is at
variance with that of the indicator and shall be arranged to
extinguish when the indicator is set to the correct position.
Table 32: Control Switch Requirement
9.3 INDICATING LAMPS
The indicating lamp shall comply with requirements mentioned in Table 33.

Ventilation i- Indicating lamps or LED fitted into the facias or annunciators of control
panels shall be adequately ventilated.
Maintainability i- Lamps or LEDs shall be easily removed and replaced from the front of
the panel by manual means not requiring the use of extractors.
ii- Where filament lamps are provided, the bezel of metal or other approved
material holding the lamp glass shall be of an approved finish and shall
be easily removable from the body of the fitting so as to permit access
to the lamp and lamp glass.
Colour of lamp and i- The lamps shall be clear and shall fit into a standard form of lamp holder.
grass ii- The lamp glasses shall comply with BS 1376 and BS 4099 and shall be in
standard colours of red, green, blue, white, and amber.
ii. The colour shall be in the glass and not an applied coating and the
different coloured glasses shall be interchangeable.
iii. Transparent synthetic materials may be used instead of glass provided
such materials have fast colours and are completely suitable for use in
tropical climates.

Lamp test facilities i- To be provided so that all lamps on one panel can be tested
simultaneously by operation of a common key or push button.
ii- Where alarm facia are specified, all alarm and monitoring indications,
apart from circuit breaker and isolator position indications, shall be
incorporated in the facia.
Table 33: Indicating Lamp Requirement
9.4 STATUS AND ALARMS FOR SCADA
All status and alarms shall be provided in the form of voltage-free normally open contacts which shall
be wired to the respective Supervisory Interface Panel (SIP).
The alarm contact shall remain in the closed state as long as the alarm condition persists. Alarm
contacts derived from latching contacts from the annunciator panel that remains latched until a
manual reset (typically by an operator) is performed, are not acceptable.
All alarms that may be involved in Sequence of Events (SOE) analysis shall be derived directly from
the source or initiating device. When there are insufficient contacts from the source or initiating
device, the alarm can be derived by multiplication of contacts using auxiliary relays only if the use of
the relays does not introduce delays that shall invalidate the sequence of events analysis for the
circuit or for the substation.
Isolatable terminal blocks shall be provided for these signals.
For each Plant equipment cubicle, there shall be separate common terminals for indication signals
and alarm signals. The Indication signals shall not share the same common terminal as alarm signals.
Status and Alarms signals shall be referred to SCADA Signal List, doc no: TTS-TK-NCC
10.0 INSTRUMENT & METER
Instrument and meter requirement shall be of as specified in Table 34
Standard i- All electrical instruments and meters shall comply with BS 89 and
BS 37 respectively and, unless otherwise specified, shall be of
industrial grade accuracy.
ii- Three-phase power measuring instruments shall be of the 3-phase
unbalanced load pattern wherever the current and voltage
references permit.
Mounting method i- Unless otherwise specified, all indicating instruments and meters
shall be of the flush mounted pattern with dust and moisture
proof covers complying with BS 2011 classification 00/50/04 and
shall also comply with BS 89.
Dial, scale and i- Instrument dials in general should be white with black markings
movement and shall be reversible where double scale instruments are
specified.
ii- Scales shall be of such materials that no peeling or discolouration
will take place with age under humid tropical conditions.
iii- The movements of all electrical instruments shall be of the
deadbeat type. Instruments shall be provided with a readily
accessible zero-point adjustment.

Meter range i- Ammeter range shall be scale from 0% - 120% of rated current
(0% - 100% range with 20% overshoot of the rated Current)
with selector switch
ii- Ammeter with double scale shall be provided if the CT from
instrument is double ratio.
iii- Voltmeter range shall be scale not less than 110% of phase to
phase rated voltage. Selected switch shall be provided for
voltmeter.
iv- MW and MVAr meter shall be provided with the range not less
than 20% of the rated plant with double scale if the CT from
instrument is double ratio.
Table 34: Instrument and Meter Requirement
10.1 TRIP CIRCUIT SUPERVISION
Trip circuit supervision relays shall be provided to monitor each of the trip circuits of the 500kV,
275kV, 132kV, 33kV, 22kV and 11kV circuit breakers and each relay shall have sufficient contacts for
visual and audible alarm and for indication purposes.
The trip circuit supervision scheme shall provide continuous supervision of the trip circuits of the
circuit breaker in either the open or closed position and independent of Local or Remote selection.
Relay elements shall be delayed on drop-off to prevent false alarms during faults on DC wiring on
adjacent circuits, or due to operation of a trip relay contact.
Series resistance shall be provided in trip circuit supervision circuit to prevent mal-tripping a circuit
breaker if a relay element is short-circuited.
Relay alarm elements shall be equipped with self-resetting flag or indicators.
For 33kV, 22kV and 11kV, trip circuit supervision scheme may be incorporated in the overcurrent
protection.
10.2 ANALOGUE MEASUREMENTS FOR SCADA
All plant supplied under this contract shall be equipped with all the necessary transducers to allow
the NCC to monitor the plant parameters and operate and manage the network and plant in a safe
and secure manner.
The type of measurements required are as following:-
Measurement Application Range

True RMS Voltage Feeders & Transformers 0 to 115% of nominal
-Phase to Phase Voltage
Measurement
Busbar
– Phase to earth voltage
measurement
True RMS Current Single Phase Current 0 – 1 A, or 0 – 5 A as applicable

Frequency 110Vac line voltage 45 – 55 Hz
Active Power / 3-phase, 3-wire unbalanced load Voltage = 0-125Vac
Reactive Power Current = 0-1.5A, -1.5 –0- +1.5A (for
Transmission)
0-5A (for Distribution)

Feeder = 4-12-20mA (Zero=12mA)
Transformer = 4-20mA (Zero=4mA)
Cos Ө= 1.0….0.0, lagging or leading

(Active Power)
Sin Ө= 1.0….0.0, lagging or leading
(Reactive Power)
Tap Position - As per transformer tap

DC Voltage - 0 – 150Vdc
0 – 60Vdc
The transducer shall fully comply with the requirements as specified in IEC60688 (Electrical
measuring transducers for converting a.c electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals) with the
following parameters: -.
Class Index 0.2

Usage Group III
Auxiliary Supply 110Vdc (Nominal), 85% to 125% of nominal
Frequency 50Hz (Nominal), 90% to 110% of nominal
Output Current 4 to 20mA
Compliance Voltage 15V
All transducers supplied shall be calibrated at 29 C complete with individual calibration certificate.
The transducers shall be individually labeled with a calibration sticker which shall identify the
transducer’s serial number, calibration date and calibration certificate number.
The transducers shall be installed in the associated control panels of the equipment. The output of
the transducers shall be wired via isolatable terminal blocks to the respective SIP using screened
cables as specified in this specification.
Transducers shall be installed and wired in a safe and secure manner to allow the transducers to be
removed without requiring an outage of the plant equipment and without affecting the operation of
other transducers and circuits.
For transducers that require inputs from the plant’s current transformer, the connection to the
current transformer circuit shall be made through appropriate terminal blocks with shorting
capability.
The transducer shall derive its auxiliary power for its operation from the substation dc supply.
Adequate protection and isolation, such as fuses or MCBs, shall be provide such that any fault in the
transducer circuit shall not effect the operation of other circuits also using the substation dc supply,
and the transducer shall also be protected from external faults on the substation dc supply.
For transducers that require inputs from the plant’s voltage transformer (VT), adequate protection,
such as fuses and MCBs, shall be provided such that a fault within the transducer circuit shall not
effect the operation of other circuits, and the transducer shall also be protected from external faults
on the VT circuit.
Analogue signals shall be referred to SCADA Signal List, doc no: TTS-TK-NCC

11.0 DRAWING AND DOCUMENTATION
11.1 Drawing and Documentation General Requirement
The technical drawings and documentation specified in schedule D that is complete and adequate
shall be provided for each plant or station as part of the product, system and installation in this
contract. All as built documentations shall be kept updated with the latest revision and all the
changes shall be made known and recorded. All the drawing and technical documentation specified
in schedule D shall be submitted to TNB with one hardcopy and softcopy stored onto CD-ROMs for
review and commented.
All the technical documents and drawing shall be documented in a proper manner and accordance
with a standard and organized structure for easy references. The required information provided in
the documentations or drawing shall be;
i. Exhaustively describe the product/equipment, system or installation,
ii. Be accurate, clear, consistent and concise,
iii. Be easy to understand,
iv. Be fit the purpose for which it is intended, and,
v. Be easy to handle and maintain.
The technical documentation or drawing shall provide the document function explanation and the
product/system design description. The documentation presentation shall be;
a. Targeted at practical use,
b. Clear on the statements, diagrams and illustrations,
c. Concise on the text without affecting its clarity,
d. Using reference designation system, for quick identification of each item of
equipment/product or system to which users have access,
e. Possible for future updating as the system develops.
The graphical symbols to be used in technical documentations or drawing shall be based on IEC
60617 and TNB practices.
The documentation paper especially paper used for the drawings shall have the following
characteristics;
Characteristics Requirements
Paper Quality 80 gm/m2
Paper Standard Size Designation:
Size A3 (297mm x 420mm)
A4 (210mm x 297mm)
Lettering standard ISO 3098
Font Name: ISOCPEUR
Font Style: Regular
An A3 size drawing is preferred for the as-built circuit or schematic drawing. The drawings shall be
organized in a heavy duty, hard cover file with thickness not more than 3 inches. The sheets shall be
punched with more than two holes. The sheets should also be binded by suitable and easily
retractable paper holders. The file shall be provided with section separators and plastic sheets
(before the first sheet and the last sheet). Book binding is not acceptable.
All the document and drawing only applicable for control and protection panel and the interfacing panel
such as marshalling kiosk, Local Control Panel, Remote Tap Changer Control Panel etc. shall satisfy to all
the statements and requirements in this Specification.

11.2 Technical Drawing References and Standardize Designation
All devices or components of electrical equipment/systems shall be identified by a standardized and

uniform reference designation system.
11.2.1 Standard Designation Symbols of Plant or Equipment.
Where applicable the alphanumeric codes of the reference designation for the purpose of clear and
unique identification of devices are made of the following designations as in table 35 below:
Qualifying Definition of designation block

Symbols
= Higher level designation. The installation or part of it to which
the device belongs with regards to function.
+ Location designation. The place or location at which the device

is installed.
. Main circuit number and sub circuit number separation.

Normally used for further subdivision of higher level or location
designation.
- Identification (kind, number, function of item). The designation

for each component or device. For protective equipment, the
designation includes the ANSI based device number instead of
numerical code. For example, –F87L/1 or –F87L-1, -F21ZSOTF.
: Terminal of the device.
Table 35: Definition of Designation Symbols of Plant
The above reference system doesn’t apply for internal supply system or equipment within a power
station.
11.2.2 Standard Reference Code for Voltage Level Designation.
The standardized and uniform reference code for the higher level voltage designation of plant or
bays shall be defined as in Table 36 below:
Standard HV Level/Plant
Letter Code
B 500kV
D 275kV
E 132kV
F 66kV
H 33kV
J 22kV
K 11kV
N < 1kV
NE, NF, NG, NH 415/240V AC
NK, NL, NM, NN 110V DC
NT 48V DC
Table 36: Definition of Standard Code of Level Voltage Designation

11.2.3 Standard Plant or Equipment Location Designation
The standardized and uniform reference code for the location of designation of plant or equipment
shall be defined as in Table 37 below:
Code Letter Location

AA
J Junction Box
N Auxiliary supply services
P Operator desk
Q Metering panel
R Relay panel or protection panel
S Switchgear local control panel
T Transformer
U Supervisory marshalling cubicle (e.g. RTU marshalling)
V Outdoor marshalling kiosk
W Control panel
X Centralised/Interface panel
Y Communication panel
AC 415/240V LVAC switchboard
DC DC charger
DCDB DC distribution board
DR Recorder
RW Relay control panel
RT or RTC Remote tap-change control panel
RTU Remote Terminal Unit
SC Station level computer panel
SP Synchronising panel
ST Transformer local control panel
SIMS Substation Interrogation and Monitoring Systems panel
Table 37: Definition of Standard Code of Location Designation
11.2.4 Standard Device Designation

Where applicable all the devices standardized and uniform references code shall be define as in table
38 below:
Code Letter Apparatus/device

A
A Device combination, assemblies, subassemblies, BCU
B Converter
C Condenser, capacitor
E Heater, illuminations, lighting
F Protection, relays, MCB’s, transformer guards
G Supply equipment, generator, power supplies
H Signalling devices
K Auxiliary relays, time delay relays, contactors
L Inductor, reactor
M Motor
N Regulator, amplifier, controller
P Metering device, test equipment, measuring equipment,
counter
Q HV circuit breaker, disconnector, isolator, switching devices
R Resistor, neutral earthing resistor
S Switches, control switch, limit switch, push button, selector

T Current transformer, voltage transformer, transformer
U Transducer
V Diode, transistor, semiconductor
W Transmission path, cable, busbar, hollow conductor,
antennae
X Terminal block, plug, socket, outlet, relay test plug
Y Electrically operated mechanical device, trip coil, closing
coil
Z Filter, limiter
Table 38: Definition of Standard Code of Devices
11.2.5 Switching Device Designation.

All the power system switching device shall be standardize the designation and define as shown in
table 39 below:
Device Apparatus/device
Designation
Q0 Circuit breaker
Q1 Main busbar isolator/disconnector
Q11 Main bus section isolator/disconnector
Q12 Main bus section isolator/disconnector
Q21 Reserve bus section isolator/disconnector
Q22 Reserve bus section isolator/disconnector
Q15…Q19 Main busbar earthing switch
Q25…Q29 Reserve busbar earthing switch
Q2 Reserve busbar isolator/disconnector
Q5 Maintenance earthing switch
Q51 First maintenance earthing switch
Q52 Second maintenance earthing switch
Q8 Line earthing switch
Q9 Line isolator/disconnector
Q6, Q61, Q62 1 ½ CB tie isolator/disconnector
Table 39: Switching Device Designation
12.0 WIRING AND MULTICORE CABLE STANDARD DESIGNATION.
12.1 Wiring and Multicore Cable Interconnection General Requirement.
All interconnection multicore cable conductors, i.e. cable and wiring, shall be clearly marked based
on a standard designation marking.
The wiring number marking designation shall be made of serial combination of cable related devices
as follows;
Cable Number Core Number Terminal Number Trip ** Conductor

Termination direction from left to right
Conductor Trip ** Terminal Number Core Number Cable Number

Termination direction from right to left
** Red colour ferrule marker shall be provided for trip circuit to trip coil only.
The ferrule marker for each block preferably be differentiated by the use of alternate white and
yellow ferrule marker or other mean.

The cable number marking designation shall be made of a series of alphanumeric character groups
as follows;
A NN NN or NNN
The letter code ‘A’ is defined as in Section 11.2.2 table 36, i.e. the voltage level. The first numeric
“NN” group represents the bay number. The second numeric group “NN” or “NNN” is a standard
running number define by contractor.
Contractor under this contract shall provide a typical conceptual cable interconnection diagram to be
proposed which include the cable number, cable interconnection between panel/plant, cable size,
cable colour, etc. to TNB for review and comment.
The spare cores for multicore shall not require to be terminated. However, the spare cores are
required to be grouped to each cable and bundled together separately from the raceway. Each core
shall be numbered with core number preceded by cable number.
12.2 Terminal Block Grouping
The isolatable sliding link type terminal blocks in the control and protection panel shall be grouped in
accordance to the circuit functions. The groupings of terminal block shall be but not limited to as in
table 40:
Group Circuit Function

XA CT circuit for main protection
XB CT circuit for busbar protection
XC CT circuit for backup protection
XD CT circuit for instruments and BCU
XE VT circuit
XG VT synchronising circuit
XH LVAC circuit
XJ DC circuit
XK Control circuit
XL Alarm and indication circuits
XM Motor circuit
XO Interpanel bus circuit
XP Protection circuit
XQ Switching device auxiliary contact
XR Disturbance recorder circuit
XU Spare
XV GIS signal circuit
XW 15kV pilot wire circuit
XY SCS and BCU circuits
XZ Telemetry or supervisory circuit
Table 40: Grouping of Terminal Block
A sub-group of terminal block from above may require to segregate a several group of similar circuit
function.

12.3 Test Terminal Link Grouping.
The test terminal facility shall be grouped in accordance to the circuit/device functions. The
groupings shall be as follows in table 41;
Group Device/Circuit Function

X* Protective relay or metering test block,
where “ * ” indicate the device number/
designation
XT Isolating link for tripping
XX Isolating link for carrier/communication
Table 41: Grouping of Test Terminal Link
12.4 Wiring Functional Identification
All unit connection conductors or wiring circuit, i.e. internal panel multi-core wiring, shall be clearly
marked based on a standard designation marking.
Each internal panel multi-core wiring shall be identified and marked according to its function. The
identification mark shall also be placed above the horizontal connecting lines or to the left of the
vertical lines of the circuit/schematic drawings.
The wiring functions or circuit identification shall be standardize as follow in table 42:
Code Function Example

A Current transformers for; 10-29 : Red phase.
 Main protection, excluding 30-49 : Yellow phase.
overcurrent. 50-69 : Blue phase.
B Current transformers for; 70-89 : Residual circuits and neutral
 Busbar protection. current transformers.
C Current transformers for; 90 : Earth wires directly connected
 Backup protection, to earth bar.
 Overcurrent protection,
 voltage control (if shared with If more numbers are required, the
protection), wire number may consist of three
 instruments (if shared with digits in the multiplication of one
protection). hundred.
D Current transformers for;
 instruments,
 BCU,
 metering,
 voltage control.
E Reference voltage for;
 instruments,
 BCU,
 metering,
 protection.
G Reference voltage for;
 synchronizing.
H A.C supplies. Odd no. : Live phase
Even no. : Neutral
Any running number from 1
upwards.

J D.C supplies. Odd no. : Positive terminal
Even no. : Negative terminal
upwards.
K D.C circuits used for; Odd no. : Positive terminal
 control, Even no. : Negative terminal
 closing, if separate D.C sources of Any running number from 1
tripping and closing are provided upwards.
L Alarms and indications circuits, Odd no. : Positive terminal
annunciator, semaphor indicator, Even no. : Negative terminal
discrepancy switch indicator and for Any running number from 1
general indication equipment. upwards.
M Auxiliary and control motor devices. Any running number from 1
For example; upwards.
spring charging motors,
transformer cooler motor control, and,
motor for isolator operation.
N Tap change control, Any running number from 1
including: upwards
 automatic voltage control
 transformer paralling
 tap position, and
 tap change in progress indications.
P DC circuits used for Odd no. : Positive terminal
 protection Even no. : Negative terminal
 tripping, and Any running number from 1
 busbar protection tripping upwards.
R Interlock circuits if not covered above Any running number from 1

upwards.
S DC instruments and relays, exciter and Any running number from 1
field circuits for generator. upwards.
T Pilot conductors (including directly Any running number from 1

associated connection) between panels, upwards.
independent of the distance between
them, for pilot wire protection, for inter-
tripping or for both.
W Control for supervisory including control Odd no. : Positive terminal
for SCS, BCU and RTU Even no. : Negative terminal
upwards.
Y Status indication for supervisory including Any running number from 1

control for SCS, BCU and RTU upwards.
Z Alarms and indications to and from Any running number from 1
general indication and remote selective upwards.
control equipments (SCADA supervisory
interface).
Table 42: Wiring Function Designation


Protection, Control and Instrumentation Ver4

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PROTECTION, CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

No. CONTENTS PAGE

1.0 GENERAL SCOPE ............................................................................................................. 4

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

2.1 TECHNOLOGICAL CONFORMANCE AND MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

Technological Conformance & International Standards

AC or DC Dielectric Test IEC 60255-27

Insulation Resistance IEC 60255-27

Protective Bonding Resistance (Optional) IEC 60255-27

Flammability of Insulating Material, Component IEC 60255-27

Maximum Temperature of Parts and Material IEC 60255-27

Dry Heat (Operational & Operational) IEC 60068-2-2

Damp Heat Cyclic \ Steady State IEC 60068-2-30 or IEC 60068-2-78

Change of Temperature (Optional) IEC 60068-2-14

CT Input Continuous Overload IEC 60255-27

CT Input Short Time Overload IEC 60255-27

VT Input Continuous Overload IEC 60255-27

VT Input Short Time Overload IEC 60255-27

Rated Burden – For CT Input IEC 60255-1

Rated Burden – For DC Power Supply IEC 60255-1

Rated Burden – For VT input IEC 60255-1

Rated Burden – For Binary Input IEC 60255-1

Vibration Test –Vibration Response IEC 60255-21-1

Vibration Endurance IEC 60255-21-1

Shock & Bump Test – Shock Response IEC 60255-21-2

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Bump IEC 60255-21-2

Seismic Test – Mechanical resistance to single IEC 60255-21-3

Slow Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 100kHz IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

Fast Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 3MHz, IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

Fast Transient Test IEC 60255-26 ot

Surge Immunity Test IEC 60255-26 or

Conducted Radio Interference Test IEC 60255-26 or

Variation & Interruption in DC Auxiliary Voltage IEC 60255-26

Voltage Interruptions IEC 60255-26

Ripple IEC 60255-26

General Shut Down / Start Up (Optional) IEC 60255-26

Reversal of DC Supply Polarity (Optional) IEC 60255-26

Electromagnetic Fields IEC 60255-26 or

50Hz Power Frequency Magnetic Fields IEC 60255-26

Conducted RF Interference on Power Supply IEC 60255-26

Low Voltage Switchgear & Controlgear Terminal IEC 60947-7-1

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Shock & Bump Test – Mechanical resistance to IEC 60255-21-2

Seismic Test – Mechanical resistance to single IEC 60255-21-3

Slow Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 100kHz IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

Fast Damped Oscillatory Wave Test at 3MHz, IEC 61000-4-18 Class 3

Surge Immunity Test IEC 60255-26

Conducted Radio Interference Test IEC 60255-26

Variation & Interruption in DC Auxiliary Voltage IEC 60255-11

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Table 1: Technological Conformance and Mechanical Requirements

2.2 ARRANGEMENT OF FACILITIES

2.3 COMPATIBILITY WITH THE EXISTING FACILITIES

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

Anti-condensation heaters with thermostat shall also be fitted in each

An interior fluorescent bulb/lamp with adequate illumination, suitable

The arrangement of control equipment panels shall follow the actual

Isolation links shall be provided for isolation of common protection trip