WEEK4 CHAPTER 1 MAT485/565

THE INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

Definition
If ℒ {(f(t)} = F(s), then f(t) = ℒ-1 {F(s) } is called the inverse Laplace transform
and ℒ-1 is called the inverse Laplace transform operator.
Eg:
1 1
a) ℒ {eat } = 𝑠−𝑎 ⟹ ℒ-1 { 𝑠−𝑎 } = eat

𝑎 𝑎
b) ℒ {sin at } = 𝑠2 +𝑎2 ⟹ ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +𝑎2 } = sin at

𝑠 𝑠
c) ℒ {cosh 5t } = 𝑠2 −25 ⟹ ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 −25 } = cosh 5t
(Review: Completing the square – x2 + bx = (x + b/2)2 – b2/4)

PROPERTIES OF INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1) For a constant α, if ℒ {α f(t) } = α ℒ {f(t) } = α F(s) then ℒ-1 {α F(s) } = αf(t)

2) Linearity property
If ℒ-1 { F(s) } = f(t) and ℒ-1 { G(s) } = g(t), then
ℒ-1 {α F(s) + β G(s) } = α f(t) + β g(t)

3) If ℒ { eat f(t) } = F(s – a) , then ℒ-1 {F(s – a)} = eat ℒ-1 {F(s)} = eat f(t) (first
shifting)

Example
3
a) ℒ-1 { 𝑠 }

5𝑠
b) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +16 }

20
c) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 −25 }

1
d) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +2 }

1
e) ℒ-1 { 𝑠4 }

1
f) ℒ-1 { (𝑠+2)2 }

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform

WEEK4 CHAPTER 1 MAT485/565

3
g) ℒ-1 { }
(𝑠−5)4

2
h) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +6𝑠+13 }

𝑠+7
i) ℒ-1 { 𝑠2 +2𝑠+5 }

6 5
j) ℒ-1 {𝑠4 + 𝑠−5}

4s 7s
k) ℒ-1 {s2 +3 + s2 −5}

(REVIEW ON PARTIAL FRACTIONS)

Examples (involving partial fractions)
1 4
a) ℒ-1 {(s+3)(s−2)} b) ℒ-1 {(s−1)(s+1)2}

s+8 1
c) ℒ-1 {s2 +4s+4} d) ℒ-1 {s2 (s2+6)}

5s−7 s
e) ℒ-1 {(s+3)(s2+2)} f) ℒ-1 {(s−1)(s2+2s+2)}

2s2 +4s+9
g) ℒ-1 {(s+2)(s2+3s+3)}

Solution (Final solution only EXCEPT (a))

1 A B
a) Let (s+3)(s−2)
= + s−2 ⇒ 1 = A(s − 2) + B(s + 3)
s+3

When s = -3 ⇒ 1 = -5A ⇒ A = -1/5

When s = 2 ⇒ 1 = 5B ⇒ B = 1/5
1 1
1 − 1 1 1 1
−1
ℒ { −1
}= ℒ { 5 + 5 } = − ℒ −1 { } + ℒ −1 { }
(s + 3)(s − 2) s+3 s−2 5 s+3 5 s−2
1 1
= − 5 𝑒 −3𝑡 + 5 𝑒 2𝑡

4 1 1 2
b) SOLUTION: ℒ-1 {(s−1)(s+1)2 } = ℒ −1 {s−1 − s+1 − (s+1)2 } = et − e−t − 2te−t

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform

WEEK4 CHAPTER 1 MAT485/565

s+8 1 6
c) SOLUTION: ℒ-1 {s2+4s+4} = ℒ −1 {(s+2) + (s+2)2 } = 𝑒 −2𝑡 + 6𝑡𝑒 −2𝑡

1 1
1 − 1 1
−1 6 6
d) SOLUTION: ℒ-1{ }=ℒ { + s2 +6} = 6 t − sin √6t
s2 (s2 +6) s2 6√6

5s−7 −2 2s 1
e) SOLUTION: ℒ-1 {(s+3)(s2+2)} = ℒ −1 {s+3 + s2 +2 − s2+2}
1
= −2e−3t + 2 cos √2t − sin √2t
√2

1 1 2
s − s+
−1 5 5 5
f) SOLUTION: ℒ-1 { }=ℒ { + }
(s−1)(s2 +2s+2) s−1 s2 + 2s+2
1 1 3 −𝑡
= 5 𝑒 𝑡 − 5 𝑒 −𝑡 cos 𝑡 + 𝑒 sin 𝑡
5

2s2 +4s+9 9 7s+9

g) SOLUTION: ℒ-1 {(s+2)(s2+3s+3)} = ℒ −1 {s+2 − }
s2 +3s+3
3
√3 √3
= 9𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 [7 cos 𝑡 − √3 sin 𝑡]
2 2

Rusyah/Norma Laplace transform