PREFACE

The development of this teaching /learning material was necessitated because of poor
performance of learners in public examinations in Northern Province which has been a source of
concern for some time now.

The provincial education office in Northern Province generated strategies to ensure that
learners at all levels can perform better in public examinations and the production of
teaching/learning materials is one of the strategies in the provincial strategic plan which aims
at improving the status quo in as far as leaner performance is concerned.

It is hopeful that this teaching /learning material will provide the basis for meaningful
experience and effective teaching/learning that will form a solid foundation for our pupil
performance in our province.

…………………………………

Kalumba Jobbicks

Provincial Education officer

NORTHERN PROVINCE
WRITTERS/CONTRIBUTORS
Mr. Sakala A holds a B.A.Ed. (Geography & History) from DMI-St.Eugene University and also
holds a secondary Teachers Diploma from Kwame Nkrumah College of Education. Currently, he
is the Head of section Geography at St. Francis secondary school. From 2011 to date he has been
teaching Geography, History, Religious Education and Civic Education at St. Francis Secondary
School.

Mr.Mumba P holds a B.A.Ed. (Geography & History) from the University of Zambia.
Currently, he is the Head of section History at St. Francis secondary school. From 2011 to date
he has been teaching geography and History starting at Mubuyu Christian Academy and present
at St. Francis secondary school.

SOCIAL STUDIES TOPICS

GRADE 8 TOPICS
 1. Man the social being 1

 Learning about the past……………………………………………………………..1

 Origin and development of man…………………………………………………….8

2. Basic map reading techniques 14

 Map and diagrams……………………………………………………………………14

 Map reading and interpretation………………………………………………………18

3. Pre-colonial societies in Zambia 28

 Origin and movement of the Bantu-speaking people………………………………..28

 Decentralized societies……………………………………………………………….39

 Centralized societies………………………………………………………………….41

4. Man and the environment 53

 Physical and cultural features of Zambia……………………………………………..53

 Weather and climate of Zambia……………………………………………………….64

 Forests and their products……………………………………………………………..85

 Farming………………………………………………………………………………..90

 Fishing………………………………………………………………………………...100

 Tourism………………………………………………………………………………106

5. Political development in Zambia 111

 Civic education………………………………………………………………………..111

 Zambia’s path to independence……………………………………………………….113

 Symbols of national identity………………………………………………………….118

6. Governance 122

 System of governance…………………………………………………………………122

 The constitution………………………………………………………………………131

 Citizenship…………………………………………………………………………...136

 Political organization………………………………………………………………...139

 Election………………………………………………………………………………144

 Central Government…………………………………………………………………147

 Local government……………………………………………………………………156

 House of chiefs………………………………………………………………………..157
 GRADE 9 TOPICS

1. Foreign influence on Zambia 159

 Development of slave trade…………………………………………………………..159

 Arrival of Europeans…………………………………………………………………164

 European occupation of central Africa……………………………………………….170

 African reaction to foreign rule in central Africa…………………………………….175

2. Development in Zambia 184

 Mining industry……………………………………………………………………… 188

 Manufacturing and food processing industries……………………………………….192

 Power and energy-generating industry……………………………………………….195

 Population…………………………………………………………………………….201

3. Economic Development 202

 Money…………………………………………………………………………………202

 Budget………………………………………………………………………………...205

 Trade…………………………………………………………………………………..209

4. Governance 213

 Fundamental human rights……………………………………………………………213

 Corruption…………………………………………………………….........................216

 Conflict resolution…………………………………………………………………….219

5. Regional and international organization 222

 Regional organization…………………………………………………………………222

 International organization……………………………………………………………..231